Chapter I: Part 1

VOL. XXXVII.

NO. 11.

The American Missionary]

CONTENTS

PAGE.

EDITORIAL.

ANNUAL MEETING—TWELVE MONTHS—THE HOUR 321
PARAGRAPHS 323
BENEFACTIONS 324
CHURCH AND PARSONAGE, ANNISTON, ALA. (cut) 325
GENERAL NOTES—AFRICA, CHINESE, INDIAN 326
CHINESE DRESSED FOR RAINY WEATHER (cut) 327

THE SOUTH.

VACATIONING 329
A WANT—READING ROOMS 331
GENEROUS WORD FROM THE SOUTH 333
APOSTOLIC SALUTATION—NOTICES ON THE OPENING OF
SCHOOLS 334
ITEMS FROM THE FIELD 335

THE INDIANS.

VISIT TO FORT SULLY INDIAN MISSION 336
MISSION HOME, FORT SULLY (cut) 337

THE CHINESE.

REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT 339

BUREAU OF WOMAN’S WORK.

HELP AT PUBLIC MEETINGS—THE LORD’S GARDEN 340

CHILDREN’S PAGE.

THE STORY THAT SUBDUED HIM 341
BRING IN THE TITHES 342

RECEIPTS 343

CONSTITUTION 347

PROPOSED CONSTITUTION 348

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NEW YORK:
PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION.
Rooms, 56 Reade Street.

* * * * *

Price 50 Cents a Year, in Advance.
Entered at the Post-Office at New York, N.Y.,
as second-class matter.

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THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION.

* * * * *

PRESIDENT.

Hon. WM. B. WASHBURN, LL.D., Mass.

CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.

Rev. M. E. STRIEBY, D.D., _56 Reade Street, N.Y._

TREASURER.

H. W. HUBBARD, Esq., _56 Reade Street, N.Y._

AUDITORS.

M. F. READING.
WM. A. NASH.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

JOHN H. WASHBURN, Chairman; A. P. FOSTER, Secretary; LYMAN ABBOTT, ALONZO S. BALL, A. S. BARNES, C. T. CHRISTENSEN, FRANKLIN FAIRBANKS, CLINTON B. FISK, S. B. HALLIDAY, SAMUEL HOLMES, CHARLES A. HULL, SAMUEL S. MARPLES, CHARLES L. MEAD, WM. H. WARD, A. L. WILLISTON

DISTRICT SECRETARIES.

Rev. C. L. WOODWORTH, D.D., _Boston_.
Rev. G. D. PIKE, D.D., _New York_.
Rev. JAMES POWELL, _Chicago_.

COMMUNICATIONS

relating to the work of the Association may be addressed to the Corresponding Secretary; those relating to the collecting fields, to the District Secretaries; letters for the Editor of the “American Missionary,” to Rev. G. D. Pike, D.D., at the New York Office; letters for the Bureau of Woman’s Work, to Miss D. E. Emerson at the New York Office.

DONATIONS AND SUBSCRIPTIONS

may be sent to H. W. Hubbard, Treasurer, 56 Reade Street, New York, or, when more convenient, to either of the Branch Offices, 21 Congregational House, Boston, Mass., or 112 West Washington Street, Chicago, Ill. A payment of thirty dollars at one time constitutes a Life Member.

FORM OF A BEQUEST.

“I BEQUEATH to my executor (or executors) the sum of —— dollars, in trust, to pay the same in —— days after my decease to the person who, when the same is payable, shall act as Treasurer of the ‘American Missionary Association’ of New York City, to be applied, under the direction of the Executive Committee of the Association, to its charitable uses and purposes.” The Will should be attested by three witnesses.

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HORSFORD’S

ACID PHOSPHATE.

(LIQUID.)

FOR DYSPEPSIA, MENTAL AND PHYSICAL
EXHAUSTION, NERVOUSNESS, DIMINISHED
VITALITY, URINARY
DIFFICULTIES, ETC.

PREPARED ACCORDING TO THE DIRECTION OF

Prof. E. N. Horsford, of Cambridge, Mass.

There seems to be no difference of opinion in high medical authority of the value of phosphoric acid, and no preparation has ever been offered to the public which seems to so happily meet the general want as this.

It is not nauseous, but agreeable to the taste.

No danger can attend its use.

Its action will harmonize with such stimulants as are necessary to take.

It makes a delicious drink with water and sugar only.

Prices reasonable. Pamphlet giving further particulars mailed free on application.

MANUFACTURED BY THE

RUMFORD CHEMICAL WORKS,

Providence, R.I.,

AND FOR SALE BY ALL DRUGGISTS.

* * * * *

MANHATTAN

LIFE INS. CO. OF NEW YORK,

_156 and 158 Broadway_.

THIRTY-THIRD YEAR.

DESCRIPTION—One of the oldest, strongest, best.

POLICIES—Incontestable, non-forfeitable, definite cash
surrender values.

RATES—Safe, low, and participating or not, as desired.

RISKS carefully selected.

PROMPT, liberal dealing.

GENERAL AGENTS AND CANVASSERS WANTED in desirable territory, to whom permanent employment and liberal compensation will be given.

Address

H. STOKES, President.

H. Y. WEMPLE, Sec’y.
J. L. HALSEY, 1st V.-P.
S. N. STEBBINS, Act’y.
H. B. STOKES, 2d V.-P.

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THE

AMERICAN MISSIONARY.

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VOL. XXXVII. NOVEMBER, 1883. NO. 11.

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American Missionary Association.

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ANNUAL MEETING.

We are happy to inform our friends that very satisfactory arrangements have been perfected for our Annual Meeting. Railroad facilities and steamboat accommodations have been granted at reduced rates and an able corps of speakers will be present and participate in the meeting. As this number of the MISSIONARY will reach our readers at an earlier date than usual, we give full particulars on the 4th page cover.

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_Twelve Months._—Receipts from collections and donations, $186,200.56, from legacies, $126,366.73, making a total of $312,567.29, an increase of $14,982.84 over the total for last year. This encouraging showing is to be credited to legacies which have been unusually large. Our payments for the year, less balance in hand at the beginning of the year, have been $312,018.97, leaving a balance in hand for the new year of $548.32. For this result we rejoice and give thanks to God. We have not been able to accomplish all that has been pressing upon us from our several mission fields, but our faith is strong and we ask for still larger gifts and more extended efforts in the fields now white for the harvest.

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THE HOUR.

The hour is at hand for the annual review of the work and wants of this Association. The rapid progress of events amid which its influence is a constant factor, necessitates vigilant study, wise deliberation, and prompt action. There are divine favors to seek, interests to hold, opportunities to embrace, and hindrances to overcome.

Possibly nothing is more to be feared among the latter than apathy. The belief that a work is well in hand, successful, hopeful, helpful, often gives a sense of rest that fosters unconcern, or little concern, for its entrenchment and enlargement. This condition weakens the intensity of prayer and relaxes effort. More than this, apathy among the friends of a work like ours is liable to give way for misconception or lack of comprehension of its place in the religious destinies of mankind.

We have a mission for the promotion of righteousness. Our success is not to be measured by the rule, or the balance, but by what it accomplishes in the establishment of right principles. It must be judged of by the tone it gives, and not by the zone it occupies. The business of this Association is not for one clime, but for all climes. It aims to suppress ignorance, oppression, misrule, poverty, sin and shame, and to plant and nourish those ennobling truths which yield peace, plenty and life everlasting. Our very fundamental principles debar us from doing anything less broad and catholic than that directed alike against caste, oppression and all injustice. We must be left free to apply our benefits where the evils we seek to destroy have their strongholds. We are bound to recognize moral conditions, but not color. Color is not guilt or essential misfortune.

Another hindrance to fear is the attention likely to be drawn to the political aspects of our work. These have their place and rightful claims. Good government is helpful to good learning and the interests of religion, but the object of a missionary society is primarily to promote pure Christianity. While it enters amid all shades of political opinions, it must contend with the unrighteousness of all alike. It must not be allured or guided by the possibilities of national events. Its kingdom is not of this world.

Akin to political aspects are denominational interests. These have their allurements also, which, if indulged excessively, only tend to part the garment of Christ. Forms and ceremonies well may serve the interest of missions, but woe be the day when missions are wrested to serve the interest of a form or polity.

Still another danger lies in the allurements of expedients. The constant fluctuations in human affairs serve to unsettle the faith and to relax the hold on the steady, enduring methods which alone can give success. It is never to be forgotten that while the surface may have the appearance of a refluent stream when contending with the elements, yet God’s cause is imbedded in the deep under-current and moves right on despite appearances. Great essentials, great faith, wisdom from above, and persistent action alone can overcome these hindrances, and advance our work as it should be advanced.

What is demanded most by the hour is a revival of missionary zeal. Let there be a fuller sense of our responsibility to Christ, and a greater realization of our duty to those without. Let there be more constant exercise of the power of prayer. Let the spirit come upon us that counts all things secondary to the grand triumph of the Redeemer’s kingdom. Let us be willing to lose all, to spend all, and to suffer all to hasten that, and God will not withhold His blessing, neither shall His coming be delayed.

Our readers will find in this number of the MISSIONARY a copy of our present Constitution, and also one of that proposed by the Committee appointed for that purpose at our last Annual Meeting.

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SUPT. SALISBURY has in press a pamphlet containing the new uniform course of study of the A. M. A. schools, with explanatory comment and general suggestions to teachers. It will be ready for distribution to the teachers some time in October, and will, it is believed, be of great utility to them in the partial reorganization of work proposed.

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THE WARNER INSTITUTE, located at Jonesboro, East Tennessee, was formed by the Friends, under the lead of Yardley Warner, for whom it was named. The building, of brick, upon a fine crest in that hill country, was formerly a ladies’ college for white people. Friend Warner having conducted the institute for several years, proposed to transfer it to this Association. This has been done, and the school is yet to carry along the good work begun by the founder. His many friends in this country and in England, who have aided him in the enterprise, may rest assured that the institute will be kept true to its original mission. Mrs. J. B. Nelson, who had formerly been employed by Mr. Warner, has been made principal, with the needed assistants.

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THE programme for a series of twenty-eight missionary meetings, which our agent for New Hampshire and Vermont had planned to be held in those States in August and September, under the auspices of this Association was carried out, in due time, with great completeness and success, the last of the course being held Sept. 28, afternoon and evening, in Manchester, N.H. The number of sessions, counting those held in different places on the Sabbath, was fifty-one. In almost every case the attendance, especially at the second or evening session, was large and enthusiastic. The addresses were varied, able and interesting. The brief but touching story of Philip Page, who often told in broken English, in a pleasing way, how and why he came to this country, what he had found here, what he is doing, and how he hopes to go back some day and tell his parents and others in Africa what Christ the Lord can do for them, and the address of Rev. Joseph E. Smith, graduate of Atlanta University, now pastor of the First Congregational Church in Chattanooga, were always listened to with much interest. The latter told of his bitter slave life, of his trials and struggles and triumphs, in coming over from bondage into freedom, from the slave pen and the auction block to the school, the college, the pulpit and pastorate; addresses were also made by Prof. Thos. N. Chase of Atlanta, Dr. Woodworth, of Boston, and by Rev. Mr. Grout, who conducted the meetings.

The ready and hospitable welcome with which the speakers and attendants from abroad were uniformly received by the churches visited, the hearty and efficient co-operation of the several pastors and other church officers, and the kindly notices of the meetings given the public, from time to time, by the press of the States and of the localities in which the conventions were held, are reported as very cheering and indicative of a deep interest in our great work.

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WE give in this number a cut of the church and parsonage at Anniston, Ala., Rev. H. W. Conley, pastor. This is the town of the Woodstock Iron Company, located ten years ago upon the bare red fields. Now it has two iron furnaces, a cotton factory, an immense machine shop, two railroads, a newspaper and a wonderful thrift. At the beginning the company gave the church lot, aided on the church and built the parsonage, helping also in the support of the pastor and teacher. The church and school have been a blessing to the families of the colored operatives of the place. This mission is a beautiful illustration of the work this Association is doing for the colored people South.

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BENEFACTIONS.

John Guy Vassar, of Poughkeepsie, has made a gift of $25,000 more to Vassar College.

The Sheffield Scientific School of Yale College has recently received a bequest of $20,000.

The will of the late David Gallup, of Hartford, Conn., gives $20,000 to aid the Woodward High School in Cincinnati.

Edward Clark, of New York, has given $50,000 to Williams College.

The widow of Senator Chandler, of Michigan, has given $1,000 to the Chicago Woman’s Medical College.

The sum of $2,000,000 has been subscribed for the new Catholic University in Milwaukee.

Kimball Union Academy, Meriden, N.H., receives $17,000 from the estate of the late James Boyd, of Antrim.

Mr. William Blackwell has endowed eleven scholarships of $1000 in the Baptist Louisburg University of Pennsylvania.

The University of Vermont is to have a new building for its medical department to cost $40,000, the gift of John P. Howard. This will make over $400,000 that Mr. Howard has given to the University and the city within ten years.

Mr. De Pauw, of Indiana, has made a conditional pledge of a million dollars for the endowment of Asbury University.

_It is hoped that the time is not far distant when endowment funds will flow into the treasuries of our educational institutions South as freely as they do into colleges in other parts of the country._

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GENERAL NOTES.

AFRICA.

—The Niger Mission reports 4,000 souls as under regular Christian instruction.

—Three of Arabi Pasha’s children are in the United Presbyterian Mission school at Cairo, Egypt.

—Mr. Stanley has discovered a lake on one of the tributaries of the Congo which he has named Lake Leopold Second.

—The London Missionary Society has two mission ships that sail between its stations in New Guinea, two in Africa, and one in the South Seas.

—An English Methodist missionary laboring in Africa reports that on going to the coast recently he was saluted by a trader with the remark: “There must have been a lot of heathen joining your church lately.” “Yes, it is so,” he was answered; “but how did you come to know it?” “Oh, because there have been a lot of heathen people here buying dresses, shawls, etc.”

—A new expedition, under German auspices, is being fitted out for the exploration of the Upper Niger and the regions adjacent. It starts out under competent leadership and promises good results in knowledge of a portion of Africa as yet little known, but supposed to be of large commercial importance.

—At the request of the Egyptian Mission, the last General Assembly directed the Board of Publication to contribute $2,000 to aid in the work of publishing a new edition of the Bible in Arabic in large type. In compliance with this the Board of Publication on the 5th of this month paid over the $2,000 to the American Bible Society, who have the work now under way.

—According to a proposed treaty between Portugal and the Sultan of Zanzibar, the two governments will engage that none of their subjects buy or sell slaves in their respective territories. Any one convicted of having violated the treaty will be delivered up to the government, punished in consequence and his slaves set at liberty.

THE CHINESE.

—The Hawaiian law prohibiting Chinamen from coming to the Islands has been repealed, and 3,000 Chinese laborers have recently contracted for their passage there.

—There is a Chinaman at work in Tahiti, in the South Sea Islands, who is said to be a whole Bible Society in himself, expending twenty dollars a month, out of a salary of twenty-five dollars, for Bibles to distribute among his countrymen there.

—M. Thiersant estimates the Mohammedan population of China to be between twenty and twenty-one millions, and says he has arrived at his figures from facts given by Mandarins, Romish priests, and other prominent individuals. Mr. Blunt, in “The Future of Islam,” allots fifteen million Moslems to China.

—According to Missionary Butler, of China, as Buddhism has no heaven for women, the Chinese damsels labor with might and main to lay up merits that they may prevail with the judges of the lower world to let them be born again as men, so that they may have a chance to get there.

—A Chinese Christian tailor thus described the relative merits of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Christianity:—

“A man had fallen into a deep, dark pit, and lay in its miry bottom, groaning and utterly unable to move. Confucius walked by, approached the edge of the pit, and said, ‘Poor fellow, I am sorry for you; why were you such a fool as to get in there? Let me give you a piece of advice: If you ever get out, don’t get in again.’ ‘I can’t get out,’ groaned the man. _That is Confucianism._

“A Buddhist priest next came by, and said, ‘Poor fellow, I am very much pained to see you there. I think if you could scramble up two-thirds of the way, or even half, I could reach you and lift you up the rest.’ But the man in the pit was entirely helpless and unable to rise. _That is Buddhism._

“Next the Saviour came by, and, hearing his cries, went to the very brink of the pit, stretched down and laid hold of the poor man, brought him up, and said, ‘Go, sin no more.’ _That is Christianity._”—_Rev. Canon Stowell._

THE INDIANS.

—There are 296 church buildings among the Indians, including the “five nations.”

—The religious bodies expended in 1881 the sum of $139,440 for education and missions among the Indians.

—Out of the 260,000 Indians, there are 100,000 who have discarded blankets and are wearing citizens’ dress, wholly or in part.

—The Ute Indians, who have steadily refused to send any of their children to school, now have twenty-five in the training-school at Albuquerque, New Mexico.

—The Indian reservations include 155,632,312 acres, of which 18,000,000 are tillable. Already the American Indians are cultivating more than half a million acres of this land.

—The Indian Mission School at Fort Wrangle, Alaska, in which Mrs. McFarland is teaching, has increased in numbers and interest the past year, and many of the pupils have become Christians. One of the oldest girls has been married to a Christian Indian, and gone as a missionary to Upper Chilcat, where they both are doing faithful service. Several more of the girls are prepared to engage in mission work in their tribes as soon as the way opens.

—The Albuquerque _Morning Journal_ says: “The best thinkers all now agree that education is the true solution of the Indian problem. We have tried fighting them and feeding them, and both these plans have signally failed, but education, in the few experiments we have tried with it, has been thoroughly successful, and if we can establish and maintain schools enough to educate the children that are now growing up, our Indian difficulties will be at an end, and the coming generation of Indians, instead of being savages, to be hunted down by troops, or ‘corraled’ like wild beasts and fed at the public expense, will be peaceful and useful citizens.”

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THE SOUTH.

REV. JOSEPH E. ROY, D.D., FIELD SUPERINTENDENT.

PROF. ALBERT SALISBURY, SUPERINTENDENT OF EDUCATION.

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VACATIONING.

PROF. A. K. SPENCE, FISK UNIVERSITY.

“What did your students do during vacation?” Various things. But with few exceptions they did not rest. Quite a number are young and went to their homes in town and country—the girls to help their mothers, the boys their fathers. Some hired out for house and farm labor. One farms on his own account. One was head waiter in a summer hotel in Tennessee. Two worked on a farm in Minnesota and two, sons of a professor, on one in Ohio. Some ran on sleeping cars in the North, and made up the beds you lay on. One worked in the railroad exposition in Chicago. One kept store and studied law in West Tennessee. One preached in Florence, Ala., with the usual blessing of God on his labors. One was employed by the State of Texas in holding institutes. Former students of ours were also employed in the same way. But, as usual, the most of those advanced enough to do so taught school. Not to mention those of low grade, out of seventy-eight enrolled in the collegiate department last year, fifty-seven taught school. The colored man seems by taste and circumstances to be a school teacher. Occasionally a student teaches who ought to rest. It is the thing to do. It is rather a shame not to. The long-instructed desires to instruct. The young fledgling wants to try its wings, the Demosthenes his oratory, the Hercules his club. Long before vacation begins we teach thinning classes, and lament many an empty seat the first Monday in September. This is hard on scholarship, but necessary for the purse, and good for their own manhood and the people whom they teach.

Schools must be taught when they are held, and held when the children can be spared from the farms. This varies with latitude and the products raised. In the cotton region it is when the crop is “laid by,” that is after the last hoeing and before the first picking, and begins in April or May. In the wheat and grass regions schools commence in June, July or even August. Those whom we lose by early schools in the spring we get promptly in the fall, and the reverse.

The most of the teachers who have returned report nothing remarkable, no doubt the best kind of a report to have to make. Honest, legitimate labor has never much to say for itself. Among the things mentioned in addition to the paid labor of the work are these: securing libraries, papers, Testaments for Sunday-school, teaching infant class, teaching Bible class, leading singing, superintending; and one did all this, organizing his entire school into one class. He also rented an organ which he played. One or more held prayer meetings. All had religious exercises in school. A few gave temperance lectures. One had a temperance glee club. Several gave musical entertainments, especially at close of school, white and colored in attendance. One county in this State is almost exclusively occupied by students from Fisk. They organized themselves into an institute, meeting once a month for the discussion of methods and the interests of education in general. By invitation Prof. Bennett attended the last meeting, delivering addresses and preaching on the following Sunday. He found the colored people gathered _en masse_ and the interest up to fever heat.

About the usual number of misfortunes has befallen our students this year. One is shortsighted and wears spectacles; he is also quite light colored. Both these damaged him. He was taken for a Jew trying to pass himself off as a colored man. White and colored alike looked upon him with suspicion. He succeeded in persuading the colored people that he was one of them, but the whites had no use for the “white nigger in spectacles.” By continued insult and threats his nervous system was so worn upon that he fell sick and left after teaching a month. Two young men teaching in a river county in Mississippi had, briefly told, the following experience: The boat could not land at the place sought, but they were put ashore at midnight, three miles away. There were two houses at the landing, one being unoccupied. In this they got permission to spend the night. They lay on bags of cotton-seed. There being no means of fastening doors, one of them put his money, two dollars and fifty cents, in his shoe, under his foot, for safe-keeping. The next day they walked through mud and rain to the town, and from there set out in search of schools.

To secure a school is frequently a thing of no small difficulty. The young men or women must make a journey of miles through blind ways on foot or with such conveyance as can be found. The neighborhood being reached, the leading colored people must be approached as the first step. The community is Baptist or Methodist, and the school will be held in the church. “What are you?” “I am a Congregationalist.” “What is that?” If denominational difficulties are overcome, the next thing to do is to meet the white trustees. They may be in favor of _home talent_. These foreign students carry money out of the country. They look independent and may teach things not in the book. But here is Sam. He can read. He owes ’Squire So-and-so. If he gets the school he will pay him. We favor Sam. If, however, Sam cannot by every contrivance pass the examination, the Fisk student appears before the County Superintendent. But here a new difficulty. The Superintendent holds an institute to prepare persons to pass his own examination, charging them five dollars apiece. Those who attend are quite sure to pass. It is wise for the Fisk student to be at that institute, pay his fee and pass, for when that institute is over the time for getting a school in that county is up. This state of things does not exist in all places, let us hope not in many, but it does in some. It is quite a common rule never to give a first-class certificate, no matter what the scholarship, to a colored student, as in most States it increases his pay, and perhaps it would not seem fit for a colored boy or girl to get a better certificate than some white young man or woman. There are exceptions to this rule. In one examination in which there were forty candidates, two got first-class certificates. These two were from Fisk.

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A WANT—READING ROOMS.

PROF. ALBERT SALISBURY.

It is hard to realize, even when we make the conscious effort, how much of the general culture, intelligence, and power of the American people is due to the habit of reading. That there is not a more marked and easily discernible difference between the intelligence and practical efficiency of the college-bred man and of the man of less training is largely due to the fact that the one reads as widely and continually as the other. Even superficial and omnivorous reading is an efficient source of intelligence and power. So universal is this habit of reading among the native-born people of the Northern States, that it is hard for them to conceive of its absence. It costs us an effort to imagine the mental status of a person who cannot or does not read. Yet there are millions of people in the South who cannot read and millions more who do not. It is one thing to teach a child how to read; it is quite another thing to make him _love_ to read, to give him the _habit_ of reading. And the first has comparatively little value without the other. It is of little moment that a million children have been taught the art of reading if they do not practice it freely.

Now the fact is that of the hundreds of thousands who have been in the freedmen’s schools but a very small part have ever formed the reading habit. And, as one consequence, even college graduates of the colored race have far less general intelligence and intellectual efficiency than white people of much more limited education.

There is nothing singular or unaccountable about this. It is the natural consequence of the circumstances existing. The parents of these young people were slaves, to whom reading was a forbidden art. In their houses, highly as the ability to read may be prized, and earnestly as it may be sought for their children, there are as yet no books, no magazines, no newspapers even. If, indeed, there be any printed thing there, it is almost without exception of the most trashy, crude, and worthless, if not vile and corrupting, sort, from both the literary and the moral point of view. The dime novel, the “Fireside Companion,” the sloshy, ungrammatical local newspaper are, at the best, all that one may hope to find. In cultured homes, children acquire the habit of reading by contagion. It is fairly _bred_ into them. But in the homes of the freedmen there is no contagious example, and there can be none. There is for the colored youth no inheritance of culture in any way. Children in Northern homes take in more of culture through the skin, by unconscious absorption, in the first ten years of life than the freedmen’s children can ever acquire except by long years of schooling.

From the consideration of these facts, two conclusions follow—first, that for the intellectual uplifting of the colored race it is absolutely essential that the reading habit be established in some way; and, second, that it should be the active endeavor of all the missionary schools to devise and employ the best agencies for stimulating and establishing this habit.

Now comes the practical question, What are the instrumentalities by which we can implant and cultivate the love of profitable and elevating reading?

Of course, something may be done in the regular course of instruction. Reading in school may be so taught as to give real culture of taste and appreciation. The sips of good literature found in the reading-books may be so used as to create a desire to drink freely at the fountain-head; though it is to be confessed that many teachers fail lamentably in this direction. The student of history or geography may and should be pushed out of his text-book into the wide field from which text-books are gleaned. Yet all this has much of the flavor of the daily task about it. Can anything be done to make the act of reading more spontaneous, to make it seem more like an indulgence and a recreation than an exaction and a duty?

The answer need not be a negative. It is to be found in reading-rooms, wisely placed and planned. And much stress is to be laid on these qualifications.

The first requisite for a reading-room is accessibility. It must be placed where it can be got at easily and continually. A locked-up library, open only once or twice a week at a stated hour, with the issue of books held under formal regulations is utterly futile as a means of creating the reading habit; it is useful only for those who have the habit already formed. A reading-room must not only be conveniently placed where the pupils can not escape it, as it were, but it must also be open at all times; so that in all the moments of leisure, whether in the hours set apart for labor or those for recreation, there may be the freest access, that even “he that runs” may read a little. It, therefore, becomes almost a necessity in a boarding-school that there be two reading-rooms, one for each sex.

The second requirement for success is that the reading matter be well chosen, selected with regard to the ends in view. It is absurd to suppose that reading matter so stale, dull or obstruse as to have no longer any value among a reading people should be worth sending to a people who have not yet learned to read. Musty libraries of defunct ministers are even more useless in a freedmen’s school than at the North. Discarded Sunday-school books are little better; for in any library the readable books are worn to pieces before the rest are given away. Old files of religious or other newspapers have their uses; but to make a reading-room tempting is not one of them.

The matter in a reading-room should be fresh, interesting, and adapted to the mental condition of those for whom it is provided; otherwise it cannot be either profitable or inspiring. The newspapers must contain _current_ news. The magazines must be adapted to the pupil’s stage of development, which is, so far as reading is concerned, usually the juvenile stage. Freedmen’s children are not yet ready, to any considerable extent, for philosophy or high art.

The books—for there should be books as well as papers in our reading-rooms—should be fresh, well printed, and, above all, illustrated. Good pictures, such as are found in the recent publications of the Harpers and Scribner, illuminate the words of the book for these young people as nothing else can. And a book closely printed, on poor paper, without illustration, is a tax on any reader but the confirmed book-worm. The books should relate, largely, to the world in its external aspects and to human achievement—books of travel and adventure, of history in its romantic phases, the great deeds of great men, whether knights of war or labor.

To be specific, such books as Knox’s Boy Traveler series, Coffin’s Histories, Butterworth’s Zizzag Journeys, Swiss Family Robinson, and even the productions of Jules Verne, placed within the easy and constant reach of our pupils, would be the most effective means imaginable for securing the valuable result desired.

Were they well printed and illustrated, I would add to the above list the old-time “Rollo Books.” Indeed, the list given is but a fragment of that which might now be made up. Among the periodicals, _Wide Awake_, _St. Nicholas_, and _Harper’s Young People_ should have a prominent place alongside the _Century_ and _Harper’s Weekly_ and _Monthly_.

I have not time to dwell upon the moral results, even more important than the intellectual ones, sure to come from the employment of the means herein imperfectly indicated; but I am sure that reading-rooms such as I have in mind can be made a most valuable auxiliary of our work in its best and highest purposes.

If any persons chancing to read this, desire fuller information with a view to co-operation in a good work, I shall be happy to receive communications from them at any time.

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A GENEROUS WORD FROM THE SOUTH.

FROM THE MEMPHIS APPEAL.

The Memphis _Appeal_, in an editorial column upon the Education of the Negro, taking as a text the recent Episcopal Congress of colored men in this city and the Louisville Convention, says to certain representative men:

“We recommend them to get the annual reports of the American Missionary Society, of the Southern and Northern Methodist Churches, and of the African Methodist and Baptist Churches. From these they will find that more than $20,000,000 have been expended by these religious organizations since 1864 in building and maintaining handsome school-houses in which the Negro has been trained and educated and fitted for the noble task and important duty of training and educating others. They will find, too, from these reports that in all these years white men and women of learning and culture have labored, often in the face of prejudice and within earshot of contumely and hate. What these missionaries have done, the world at large has made little note of, but the days are not far distant when everywhere, through the South at least, it will be acknowledged as the greatest of all the great works accomplished in the United States since 1865. From the Potomac almost to the Rio Grande the academies and colleges of the American Missionary Society are to be found at nearly all the large centers of population, and they are flourishing because their work is a practical work and their purpose the plain one of widening and deepening the stream of learning at which the once slaves of the South may drink freely and at will. These institutions are the results of a generous benevolence, and have been maintained by a self-denying zeal worthy of the glorious Luther, whose birth a grateful world is everywhere celebrating with gladness. We recommend them to read the reports of the Rev. Atticus G. Haygood, of Oxford, Ga., who, since he wrote the _Brother in Black_, has launched into the work of furthering the education of the Negro with the zeal of a missionary, and the spirit of a soldier in a noble cause. Dr. Haygood, not long ago, made a tour of the South in the interest of the fund for which he is the dispensing agent, and the result is a more fervent devotion to the good work and more fervid and appealing speeches in its behalf. A gallant ex-Confederate, a Southerner by birth and breeding, and the son of a slaveholder, brought up, too, in a wealthy planting section of Georgia, he entered upon his, at first, self-appointed task as a mere private, a volunteer in the ranks where he found so many noble workers. But his knowledge of the Negro, of his capacity, and his needs, and the best methods of reaching practical educational results soon marked him for the high position he now occupies as the trusted and confidential agent of a fund bequeathed by a benevolent Northern man, whose desire for the advancement and betterment of the Negro Dr. Haygood is furthering by helping all the schools at the South that have these for their objects. Already, in the first year of the existence of the fund, this good, strong man finds encouraging results following upon what he has expended of it, and he pleads on every possible occasion with voice and pen for the extension of the practical system of education so long pursued by the American Missionary Association, and in which he sees the best possibilities of the dark race. Dr. Haygood speaks plainly, as well as eloquently. He calls a spade a spade. He does not spare any who set themselves in his way or in the way of the work he has so much at heart. He knows that education makes every man better, stronger and happier than he could be without it and he contends for its dissemination by compulsion if other means fail of making it general, of bringing it into every man’s house as essential to the maintenance of the peace that passes all understanding. It is in the nature of things that such a man should encounter opposition; that he should even be reviled, abused and misrepresented, but he has only to take counsel of those who have occupied the field he is now in during the past twenty years to find a sweet solace and a consolation for it all. He can read in their lives the opening chapters of his own career in the field of Negro education, but he can also read of a generous if tardy recognition of their labors by the best educated men and women of the South, who willingly acknowledge their indebtedness to them for the patient, earnest, laborious work by which in so short a time nearly forty per cent. of the Negro population has been taught to read and write, and so many thousands have been trained and fitted after the most approved technical methods to teach in Negro public schools and thus perpetuate the blessings they rejoice in the possession of.”

* * * * *

AN APOSTOLIC SALUTATION.—At Birmingham, Ala., a city of only a decade, in its iron and coal interest worthy of its English namesake, Field Superintendent Roy found Congregational representatives of half a dozen of our other schools and churches, who had been drawn to that busy metropolis, as so many acquaintances of the Apostle Paul in Asia Minor had been drawn to Rome to be addressed by name in the salutatory chapter of his Epistle to the Romans before he had himself ever been to that city. Canon Farrar argues that that chapter must belong to some other Epistle, on account of the difficulty of the Apostle’s knowing so many people at Rome. If the Canon of Westminster had only been a Superintendent of Missions he would have had no such trouble. Dr. Roy could have given the apostolic salutation to the Saints of this new church.

* * * * *

NOTICES ON THE OPENING OF SCHOOLS.

SELECTED FROM CORRESPONDENCE.

Storrs School, Atlanta.—We have enrolled three hundred and seventy pupils and have been obliged to refuse admittance to fifty on account of room. We are all wishing for more room and an increase in our teaching force so that we may receive all that apply. I have thought for several years that the necessity of the continuance of Storrs School would cease as the public schools for colored people increased in number, but I am becoming satisfied that it is a permanence. The increase in population of this fast growing city, and the desire of the people for a thorough education keep all the schools of any value full.

Talladega College.—So far as I can now judge we are to have all the students we can find room for, and I think more will pay at least a part of their expenses than heretofore.

Charleston, Avery Institute.—Our opening was admirable in order, large in numbers, and blessed by the presence of parents and patrons who gave me a most cordial welcome. There was every evidence of sincerity about it, and I am delighted with my induction and with the two days. The institution is one of the grandest in design, scope, and progress, and is sufficient to excite my highest pride.

Tougaloo University.—An unusually large number of independent applications have been sent in, so that we are likely to have an overflow of students. These will need to be provided for. You may, therefore, hear from us again, asking for provisions of shelter to meet the demand. We never had so many apply before the opening of school.

Nashville, Tenn.—Fisk University.—We are now able to speak of our opening as a very favorable one. The number of new students is larger than usual and of a more advanced class, and the spirit was never better.

* * * * *

ITEMS FROM THE FIELD.

—Rev. Evarts Kent, of Atlanta, Ga., took his vacation in Vermont visiting his father, Rev. Cephas H. Kent, of New Haven, and preaching a historical sermon at Benson. He met a warm welcome upon his return to his field.

—The brothers, Rev. A. W. and Rev. C. B. Curtis, of Marion and Selma, Ala., having had their vacation in the Northwest, are back again upon their chosen spheres of labor.

—The health of President E. A. Ware’s wife having been greatly threatened, upon medical advice he spent the summer with her in the Adirondacks and is much encouraged by the improvement attained. He is now back at his post, as are also Professors T. N. Chase and C. W. Francis.

—Rev. Dr. Horace Bumstead and wife, of the Atlanta University, have been afflicted in the death of their youngest child, a son, which occurred on Lookout Mountain, whither they had fled for relief in the pure air of that locality.

—Prof. R. D. Hitchcock, of the Straight University, having been called to the presidency of the Southern University, New Orleans, has declined the same and remains at his post.

—Prof. Albert Salisbury, Superintendent of Education, having taken as a wife Miss Hosford, a teacher in the Whitewater Normal, Wisconsin, has installed his family in their Atlanta home, and he is now going his Southern rounds.

—The “Cassedy Hall” has been built this summer at Talladega for the use of the primary department and named for Mr. J. H. Cassedy, of this State, who gave the $5,000 needed for its erection.

—The “Whitin Hall,” at New Orleans, has been built this summer as a boy’s dormitory and named for the late Deacon J. C. Whitin, of Whitinsville, Mass., whose estate paid in $10,000, which, for the erection, was put with $5,000 given by Deacon Seymour Straight, for whom the university was named.

—Prof. J. A. Nichols, lately Superintendent of Schools at Yonkers, N.Y., has been made Principal of the Avery Institute at Charleston, S.C., in the place of Prof. A. W. Farnham, who resigned.

—Rev. Milton E. Churchill, a graduate of Knox College and of the New Haven Divinity School, a son of Prof. Geo. Churchill, of Galesburg, Ill., has been made Principal of the Emerson Institute, at Mobile, Ala.

—The Le Moyne Institute, at Memphis, Tenn., has been enlarged at a cost of $2,000, one-half of which, upon the solicitation of the Principal, A. J. Steele, was furnished by white citizens of that place.

—At Macon, Ga., to accommodate the library, which Rev. S. E. Lathrop has been gathering, a Library Building has been erected, with a basement for an industrial department. For this project, citizens of Macon, both white and colored, contributed liberally.

—Rev. B. A. Imes, pastor at Memphis, Tenn., having received an appointment in the Alcorn University, Mississippi, with a tempting salary, has decided to remain with his chosen people. He is popular in that city, and the teachers of the Le Moyne Institute seem to be as fond of their preacher as the parishioners who make up the body of his church.

—At Little Rock, Arkansas, a school has been opened this fall in the Congregational Church of Rev. Y. B. Sims, under Miss Rose M. Kinney as Principal, a lady of large experience in our work. This school is the precursor of the Edward Smith College, which is to go along in that city. Miss M. E. Keyes is associated with her as missionary.

—The new church at Mobile, Ala., was dedicated on the last Sabbath of September, Pastor Crawford and Revs. J. C. Fields and F. G. Ragland participating.

—Rev. O. D. Crawford, who has this summer had the supervision of the erection of the new church at Mobile and of the Whitin Hall at New Orleans, has resigned his pastorate at Mobile because of the incompatibility of that climate with the health of his family. He will be greatly missed upon the field. He will return to some pastoral charge at the North.

—Theological students, who have been supplying churches during the vacation, have now returned to their studies—Rev. S. N. Brown, from Florence, Ala., where he participated in a revival, to the Fisk University; Rev. F. G. Ragland, from Mobile, to Talladega; Rev. J. R. McLean, from Savannah, to Talladega.

—The A. M. A. has appointed Rev. J. C. Fields to labor for one year as an evangelist among the churches at the South. For the last year and a half he has labored in this capacity, much to the satisfaction of the churches. He will supply the church at Mobile for a time.

* * * * *

THE INDIANS.

* * * * *

A VISIT TO FORT SULLY INDIAN MISSION.

BY REV. C. O. BROWN.

We had anticipated it with keenest interest, and Providence favored us. A delightful morning of the first week in August smiled on our programme, when our party of four persons was ready for the carriage ride from Pierre to the mission,—Rev. S. Norton, pastor of the Congregational Church of Pierre; Mr. J. Kimball, of Huron, Dakota, missionary of the American Sunday-school Union; Timothy Hudson, Esq.; and the writer, of Kalamazoo, Mich.

The scenery for the first six miles, from the heights which border the Missouri River, was most charming. At our left, and beneath us, was the river and its narrow strip of foliage and bottom lands, having here and there a picturesque dotting of Indian tents; beyond that, westward turned the grass-covered hills; to our right were the boundless prairies, beautifully variegated with cultivated squares of green and golden grain and settlers’ homes.

An abrupt descent from such an outlook brought us to the valley beneath, through which the remaining eight miles of our ride lay. We had only fairly entered the valley when we began to see evidences of the faithful mission work which has here been done. For several miles along the river we were constantly passing the farms of mission Indians, where we saw established homes, quite as good as those of their white neighbors. We saw full-blooded Indians in civilized dress, riding their mowing-machines, raking their hay, and stacking their grain.

Rev. Thomas Riggs was away from home at the bedside of his venerable father in Beloit, but we were most kindly received by the lady missionaries in charge, Misses Collins and Irvine. The mission home into which we were ushered, is a long, tastefully-built log-house, standing sidewise to the road, having in front two bay windows, with porch between, and in the rear a large lean-to attachment for kitchen and laundry. The yard is beautiful with flowers and plants, and hallowed by a little inner enclosure which holds the sacred dust of Mrs. Riggs. (Shown in the picture just to the left of the home.) The large mission garden would be famous in any neighborhood. It is a sermon in vegetables and small fruits, well cultivated and highly productive. Just east of the home is the little chapel, a building capable of seating from 150 to 200 persons, having ceiled walls, and seated with chairs; having a neat pulpit and a good cabinet organ.

The interior of the home is most inviting. The spacious sitting-room has little of luxury; everything, however, is most cheery. The walls are ceiled and adorned with pictures. The bay window is beautiful with plants and vines and birds. A Steinway piano is at one end of the room, statuettes here and there, and books everywhere. During the twenty-four hours of our stay, our party wandered at liberty over the grounds, visited the chapel, were received by the Indians in their homes, and in the large room just described were several times entertained by their singing while their teachers led on the piano. No honest enemy of Indian missions could see and hear what we saw and heard, without a change of heart. Time and again we were melted to tears.

Our visit was entirely unexpected, so nothing could be “gotten up” for our benefit. We were the better pleased that it should be so. Everything was impromptu and natural.

The climax came unexpectedly just as we were about to go the next morning. While two of the brethren were hitching the horses a party of Indian women and two little boys, who with their baskets were about to pass the door, were called in by Miss Collins. They hesitated, and through their teacher apologized for their appearance, explaining that they had just started on a berrying trip. One of the men, who had come on some errand, was also invited in. Then Miss Irvine led on the piano and they all sang from open hymn books, one after another of the sweet gospel hymns which we could recognize only by the tunes. As they sang

“Jesus loves me, this I know,
For the Bible tells me so,”

and

“Oh, happy day that fixed my choice
On Thee, my Saviour and my God;
Well may this glowing heart rejoice
And tell its raptures all abroad,”

we could not refrain from tears. Our brethren, who had been attending the horses, heard the music and came in. One glance unsealed the fountain, and they too wept for joy. Then we all knelt in prayer. There were prayers in English and prayers in Dakota language, freely intermingled, and a pervading sense that the good Father understood it all. When we arose to our feet the Indians sang the _Gloria_, and Spotted Bear, by invitation, closed the meeting with a prayer which touched every heart, although we could not understand a word of it. The language of the heart is everywhere the same. And so with hearty hand-shakings and moist eyes this long-to-be-remembered meeting broke up. We came away feeling that for many a day we had not enjoyed such a refreshing, and saying one to another, “Surely God hath made of one blood all nations of men.”

* * * * *

THE CHINESE.

* * * * *

REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.

REV. W. C. POND.