Chapter XXX: Eulogy of Alexander (4)

[845] She was also called Statira. See _Diodorus_, xvii. 107; Plutarch (_Alex._, 70). She is called Arsinoe by Photius.

[846] “By these two marriages, Alexander thus engrafted himself upon the two lines of antecedent Persian kings. Ochus was of the Achaemenid family, but Darius Codomannus, father of Statira, was not of that family; he began a new lineage. About the overweening regal state of Alexander, outdoing even the previous Persian kings, see _Pylarchus apud Athenaeum_, xii. p. 539.”—_Grote._

[847] See p. 242.

[848] Cf. Aelian (_Varia Historia_, viii. 7). A copious account of this celebrated marriage feast is given in _Athenæus_, xii. p. 538.

[849] Cf. _Curtius_, x. 8.

[850] About £4,600,000. _Justin_, xii. 11, agrees with Arrian; but _Diodorus_ (xvii. 109); Plutarch (_Alex._, 70); _Curtius_ (x. 8) say 10,000 talents.

[851] Cf. _Curtius_ (ix. 41); _Arrian_ (vi. 22) supra.

[852] The Epigoni, or Afterborn, were the sons of the seven chiefs who fell in the first war against Thebes. See Herodotus, Pindar, Sophocles, etc.

[853] For this _mesanculon_ see Gellius (_Noctes Atticae_, x. 25); _Polybius_, xxiii., 1, 9; Euripides (_Phoenissae_, 1141; _Andromache_, 1133); _Alciphron_, iii. 36.

[854] It was at this time that Harpalus, viceroy of Babylon, having squandered a great deal of the treasure committed to his charge, became frightened at the return of Alexander, and fled to Greece with 50,000 talents and 6,000 mercenary troops. See _Diodorus_, xvii. 108.

[855] The Eulaeus is now called Kara Su. After joining the Coprates it was called Pasitigris. It formerly discharged itself into the Persian Gulf, but now into the Shat-el-Arab, as the united stream of the Euphrates and Tigris is now called. In Dan. viii. 2, 16, it is called Ulai. Cf. _Pliny_, vi. 26, 31; xxxi. 21.

[856] The Greeks and Romans sometimes speak of Mesopotamia as a part of Syria, and at other times they call it a part of Assyria. The Hebrew and native name of this country was Aram Naharaim, or “Syria of the two rivers.”

[857] The Tigris now falls into the Euphrates.

[858] Cf. _Arrian_, iii. 7, supra; _Curtius_, iv. 37.

[859] Cf. _Strabo_, xvi. 1; _Herodotus_, i. 193; _Ammianus_, xxiv. 3, 14.

[860] Probably this city stood at the junction of the Tigris with the Physcus, or Odorneh. See Xenophon (_Anab._ ii. 4, 25); _Herodotus_, i. 189; _Strabo_, (xvi. 1) says that Alexander made the Tigris navigable up to Opis.

[861] Cf. _Justin_ (xii. 11); _Diodorus_ (xvii. 109); _Curtius_ (x. 10, 11). These authors put the punishment of the ringleaders after the speech instead of before.

[862] Thracians mean _mountaineers_; Hellenes, _warriors_; Dorians, _highlanders_; Ionians, _coast-men_; and Aeolians, _mixed men_. See Donaldson (_New Cratylus_, sect. 92).

[863] The gold and silver mines at Mount Pangaeon near Philippi brought Philip a yearly revenue of more than 1,000 talents (_Diodorus_, xvi. 8). _Herodotus_ (v. 17) says that the silver mines at Mount Dysorum brought a talent every day to Alexander, father of Amyntas.

[864] This is a Demosthenic expression. See _De Falsa Legatione_, 92; and _I. Philippic_, 45.

[865] B.C. 346.

[866] He here refers to his own part in the victory of Chaeronea, B.C. 336. See _Diodorus_, xvi. 86; Plutarch (_Alex._ 9).

[867] This fact is attested by Demosthenes (_De Haloneso_, 12).

[868] The Thebans under Pelopidas settled the affairs of Macedonia, and took young Philip to Thebes as a hostage, B.C. 368.

[869] About £122,000. Cf. Plutarch (_Alex._ 15); _Curtius_, x. 10.

[870] Ἴων is the Hebrew Javan without the vowel points. In the Persian name for the Greeks Ἰάονες, one of these vowels appear. See Aeschўlus (_Persae_, 178, 562).

[871] Larger Phrygia formed the western part of the great central table-land of Asia Minor. Smaller Phrygia was also called Hellespontine Phrygia, because it lay near the Hellespont. See _Strabo_, xii. 8.

[872] A blue band worked with white, which went round the tiara of the Persian kings.

[873] Cf. _Ammianus_, xxv. 4, 15: “(Julianus) id aliquoties praedicans, Alexandrum Magnum, ubi haberet thesauros interrogatum, apud amicos benevole respondisse.”

[874] Cf. _Arrian_, i. 16 supra.

[875] It is supposed that the Saxones, _i.e._ Sacasuna, _sons of the Sacae_, originated from this nation.

[876] At the Persian court, kinsman was a title bestowed by the king as a mark of honour. Curtius says they were 15,000 in number. Cf. _Diodorus_, xvi. 50; Xenophon (_Cyropaedia_, i. 4, 27; ii. 2, 31).

[877] As to this Persian custom, see Xenophon (_Agesilaus_, v. 4; _Cyropaedia_ i. 4, 27).

[878] Cf. _Justin_, xii. 7; Plutarch (_Eumenes_, 16); _Curtius_, viii. 17; _Livy_ xxxvii. 40; _Polybius_, v. 79, 4.

[879] ἔμενον λιπαροῦντες. The more usual construction would be ἐλιπάρουν μένοντες. Cf. _Herodotus_, ix. 45 (λιπαρέετε μένοντες); iii. 51 (ἐλιπάρεε ἱστορέων)

[880] The paean was sung, not only before and after battle, but also after a banquet, as we see from this passage and from Xenophon (_Symposium_, ii. 1).

[881] About £240.

[882] Literally “with his own head,” an Homeric expression. We learn from Plutarch (_Eumenes_, 6), that Craterus was a great favourite with the Macedonians because he opposed Alexander’s Asiatic innovations. See also Plutarch (_Alexander_, 47); _Diodorus_, xvii. 114:—Κράτερον μὲν γὰρ εἶναι φιλοβασιλέα, Ἡφαιστίωνα δὲ φιλαλέξανδρον.

[883] The use of κελεύειν with the dative, is in imitation of Homer. Cf. i. 26, 3 supra.

[884] We learn from Diodorus (xviii. 4) that when Alexander died, Craterus had got no farther than Cilicia on his return journey. He had with him a paper of written instructions, among which were projects for building an immense fleet in Phoenicia and the adjacent countries for conveying an expedition against the Carthaginians and the other western nations as far as the pillars of Hercules; for the erection of magnificent temples, and for the transportation of people from Europe into Asia and from Asia into Europe. Alexander’s generals put these projects aside, as too vast for any one but Alexander himself.

[885] Cf. _Curtius_, x. 31.

[886] The Greeks reckoned according to the lunar months, and therefore they talked of ten months instead of nine as the period of gestation. Cf. _Herodotus_, vi. 63; Aristophanes (_Thesmoph._ 742); Menander (_Plocion_, fragment 3); Plautus (_Cistell._ i. 3, 15); Terence (_Adelphi_, iii. 4, 29).

[887] For this expression, cf. _Dion Cassius_, xlii. 57; Homer (_Iliad_, 23, 538); _Pausanias_, vii. 10, 2; _Herodotus_, viii. 104.

[888] Here there is a gap in the manuscripts of Arrian, which probably contained an account of the flight of Harpalus, the viceroy of Babylon, with the treasures committed to his care, and also a description of the dispute between Hephaestion and Eumenes. See _Photius_ (codex 92).

[889] Cf. Plutarch (_Eumenes_, 2).

[890] The march was from Opis to Media, as we see from the next chapter.

[891] Cf. _Herodotus_ (iii. 106; vii. 40); _Strabo_, xi. 7 and 14; _Diodor._ xvii. 110; _Ammianus_, xxiii. 6. Sir Henry Rawlinson says: “With Herodotus, who was most imperfectly acquainted with the geography of Media, originated the error of transferring to that province the Nisea (Nesá) of Khorassan, and all later writers either copied or confounded his statement. Strabo alone has escaped from the general confusion. In his description we recognise the great grazing plains of Khawah, Alishtar, Huru, Silakhur, Burburud, Japalak, and Feridun, which thus stretch in a continuous line from one point to another along the southern frontiers of Media.” Alexander probably visited the westernmost of these pastures which stretch from Behistûn to Ispahan along the mountain range. The form διαρπαγῆναι is used only by the later writers for διαρπασθῆναι.

[892] Cf. _Strabo_, xi. 5; _Diodorus_, xvii. 77; _Curtius_, vi. 19; _Justin_, xii. 3; _Arrian_, iv. 15; Homer (_Iliad_, iii. 189); Aeschўlus (_Eumenides_, 655); Hippocrates (_De Aere, Aquis, et Locis_, p. 553).

[893] The queen is called Thalestris by Diodorus and Curtius.

[894] This is a mistake, for Xenophon does mention the Amazons in the _Anabasis_ (iv. 4, 16). For Trapezus and the Phasians see his _Anabasis_ (iv. 8, 22; v. 6, 36.)

[895] See _Diodorus_, iv. 16. This was one of the twelve labours of Hercules.

[896] See Plutarch (_Theseus_, 26).

[897] “The Battle of the Amazons” was a celebrated painting in the Stoa Poecile at Athens, executed by Micon, son of Phanichus, a contemporary of Polygnotus about B.C. 460. Cf. Aristophanes (_Lysistrata_, 678): “Look at the Amazons whom Micon painted on horseback fighting with the men.” See also _Pausanias_ (i. 15; viii. 11).

[898] Cf. _Herodotus_, iv. 110-117; ix. 27.

[899] See Isocrates (_Panegyricus_, 19); Lysias (_Oratio Funebris_, near the beginning).

[900] _Strabo_ (xi. 5) declined to believe in the existence of the Amazons altogether. However, even Julius Cæsar spoke of them as having once ruled over a large part of Asia. See Suetonius (_Life of Julius Cæsar_, 22). Eustathius, on _Dionysius Periegetes_, p. 110, derives the name _Amazones_ from ἀ, _not_, and μᾶζα, _barley-bread_:—διὸ καὶ Ἀμαζόνες ἐκαλοῦντο οἷα μὴ μάζαις ἀλλὰ κρέασι θηρίων ἐπιστρεφόμεναι. This is not the usual derivation of the word.

[901] Cf. Plutarch (_Alex._ 72); _Diodorus_ (xvii. 110).

[902] Plutarch makes this statement.

[903] See Homer (_Iliad_, xxiii. 141, 152); _Arrian_ (i. 12).

[904] See _Herodotus_ (vii. 35). Xerxes means _the venerable king_. Cf. _Herod._, vi. 98. See Donaldson’s _New Cratylus_, sections 161, 479.

[905] Epidaurus in Argolis was celebrated as the chief seat of the worship of Aesculapius.

[906] This is an Homeric expression, meaning _myself_.

[907] Equal to £2,300,000. Plutarch (_Alex._ 72) agrees with Arrian. _Diodorus_ (xvii. 115) and _Justin_ (xii. 12) say 12,000 talents.

[908] Cf. Aelian (_Varia Historia_, vii. 8); _Diodorus_ (xvii. 114, 115); Plutarch (_Alex._ 72, 75; _Eumenes_, 2; _Pelopidas_, 34).

[909] See p. 392, note 888.

[910] Cossaea was a district on the north-east of Susiana, which the Persian kings never subdued, but purchased the quiet of the inhabitants by paying them tribute. It is supposed to be the Cush of the Old Testament. _Diodorus_ (xvii. 111) says that Alexander completed his conquest of the Cossaeans in forty days. Plutarch (_Alex._ 72) says he called the massacre of the Cossaeans his offering to the manes of Hephaestion.

[911] Cf. _Livy_, vii. 37, 38; _Pliny_, xxii. 4; _Justin_, xii. 13.

[912] The Romans called these people Etruscans.

[913] _Justin_ (xxi. 6) says that the Carthaginians sent Hamilcar to learn Alexander’s real designs against them, under the pretence of being an exile offering his services.

[914] Cf. _Diodorus_, xvii. 113.

[915] Aristus was a man of Salamis in Cyprus. Neither his work nor that of Asclepiades is extant. Aristus is mentioned by _Athenæus_ (x. 10) and _Strabo_ (lib. xv.).

[916] _Livy_ (ix. 18) says he does not think the contemporary Romans even knew Alexander by report.

[917] These are what Hirtius (_Bell. Alex._ 11) calls “naves apertas et constratas.”

[918] See p. 155, note 392.

[919] See p. 199, note 499. _Strabo_ (xi. 7) says that Aristobulus declared the Oxus to be the largest river which he had seen except those in India.

[920] See p. 198, note 498. The Oxus and Jaxartes really flow into the Sea of Aral, or the Palus Oxiana, which was first noticed by _Ammianus Marcellinus_ (xxiii. 6, 59) in the 4th century A.D. Ptolemy, however, mentions it as a small lake, and not as the recipient of these rivers. Cf. _Pliny_, vi. 18.

[921] The Araxes, or Aras, joins the Cyrus, or Kour, and falls into the Caspian Sea. It is now called Kizil-Ozan, or Red River. Its Hebrew name is Chabor (2 Kings xvii. 6). Pontem indignatus Araxes (Vergil, _Aeneid_, viii. 728). See Aeschўlus (_Prometheus_, 736), Dr. Paley’s note.

[922] As to the Chaldaeans, see Cicero (_De Div._, i. 1) and _Diod._ (ii. 29-31).

[923] This is a verse from one of the lost tragedies of Euripides. It is also quoted by Cicero (_De Divin._, ii. 5): Est quidam Graecus vulgaris in hanc sententiam versus; bene qui conjiciet, vatem hunc perhibebo optimum.

[924] See _Herodotus_ (i. 32); Plutarch (_Solon_, 27).

[925] See p. 171, note 430. _Herodotus_ (i. 181) gives a description of this temple, which he says existed in his time. _Strabo_ (xvi. 1) agrees with Arrian that it was said to have been destroyed by Xerxes. He also says that Alexander employed 10,000 men in clearing away the rubbish of the ruins. Professor Sayce and others adduce this passage of Arrian to prove that Herodotus is not to be trusted even when he says he had seen the places and things which he describes. The words of Herodotus are ἐς ἐμὲ τοῦτο ἔτι ἐόν, meaning, not that he had himself seen the temple, but that it existed _till his time_. In chap. 183 he expressly states that he did not see other things which he is describing, but that he derived his information from the Chaldaeans. He was about twenty years of age when Xerxes was assassinated. It must not be forgotten that Strabo and Arrian lived five or six hundred years after Xerxes. The veracity of Strabo is never doubted; yet in his description of Babylon this author speaks of the walls and hanging gardens as if they were still in existence, though not expressly saying so.

[926] Cf. _Arrian_, iii. 16 supra.

[927] See _Arrian_, iii. 16 supra.

[928] Cf. Philostratus (_Life of Apollonius_, viii. 7, 5).

[929] Perdiccas was killed by his own troops at Memphis, B.C. 321. See _Diodorus_, xviii. 36.

[930] The battle of Ipsus was fought B.C. 301. See Plutarch (_Demetrius_, 29).

[931] _Diodorus_ (xvii. 113) says that embassies came from the Carthaginians, Liby-Phoenicians, Greeks, Macedonians, Illyrians, Thracians, and Gauls.

[932] Cf. _Arrian_, iii. 16 supra.

[933] The name Athens is said to have been derived from the worship of Athena. See Euripides (_Ion_, 8): Πόλις τῆς χρυσολόγχου Παλλάδος κεκλημένη. Attica is ἀττική or ἀκτικὴ γῆ, the “promontory land.”

[934] Clazomenae was an Ionian city on the Gulf of Smyrna, celebrated as the birthplace of Anaxagoras. It is now called Kelisman.

[935] About £1,200,000.

[936] The Hebrew name for Arabia is Arab (wilderness). In Gen. xxv. 6 it is called the “East country,” and in Gen. xxix. 1 the “Land of the Sons of the East.”

[937] Cf. _Arrian_, v. 26; vii. 1 and 15 supra.

[938] Cf. _Herodotus_, iii. 8.

[939] Cf. _Herodotus_, ii. 40, 86; iii. 110-112; _Strabo_, xvi. 4; Pliny (_Nat. Hist._ xii.).

[940] About 17 miles.

[941] One of the Sporades, west of Samos, now called Nikaria. Cf. Horace (_Carm._, iv. 2, 2) and Ovid (_Fasti_, iv. 28).

[942] Called Tyrus by _Strabo_ (xvi. 3). It is now called Bahrein, and is celebrated for pearl fisheries.

[943] A fragment of the work of Androsthenes descriptive of his voyage is preserved by _Athenæus_ (iii. p. 936).

[944] Probably Ramses. Its ruins are at Abu-Kesheb.

[945] Probably the projection now called Ras-al-Had.

[946] Cf. Arrian (_Indica_, 32).

[947] About 90 miles. This canal fell into the Persian Gulf at Teredon. No trace of it now remains.

[948] The Hebrew name for Armenia is Ararat (2 Kings xix. 37; Isa. xxxvii. 38; Jer. li. 27).

[949] The country called Assyria by the Greeks is called Asshur (level) in Hebrew. In Gen. x. 11 the foundation of the Assyrian kingdom is ascribed to Nimrod; for the verse ought to be translated: “He went forth from that land into Asshur.” Hence in Micah v. 6, Assyria is called the “land of Nimrod.”

[950] The Hebrew name for Babylon is Babel, _i.e._ Bab-Bel, _court of Bel_: porta vel aula, civitas Beli (_Winer_). In Jer. xxv. 26; li. 41, it is called Sheshach, which Jewish commentators, followed by Jerome, explain by the Canon Atbash, _i.e._ after the alphabet put in an inverted order. According to this rule the word Babel, which is the Hebrew name of Babylon, would be written Sheshach. Sir Henry Rawlinson, however, says it was the name of a god after whom the city was named; and the word has been found among the Assyrian inscriptions representing a deity.

[951] The perfect passive δεδόμημαι is equivalent to the Epic and Ionic form δέδμημαι.

[952] σχεθῆναι. See p. 268, note 629.

[953] τῶν τὶς ναυτῶν. This position of τίς is an imitation of the usage in Ionic prose. Cf. _Herod._ i. 85; τῶν τὶς Περσέων. See _Liddell and Scott_, sub voce τίς. Cf. _Arrian_, ii. 26, 4; vi. 9, 3; vii. 3, 4; 22, 5; 24, 2.

[954] Cf. _Arrian_ v. 13 supra.

[955] Cf. _Arrian_, iii. 6; iv. 18.

[956] The Macedonian stater was worth about £1 3_s._ 6_d._

[957] Cf. Arrian (_Tactics_, 12, 11).

[958] Cf. _Arrian_, p. 379, note 853.

[959] We read in the speech of Demosthenes against Dionysiodorus (1285), that Cleomenes and his partisans enriched themselves by monopolizing the exportation of corn from Egypt. Cf. _Arrian_, iii. 5 supra.

[960] This island is mentioned by Homer (_Odyssey_, iv. 355). Alexander constructed a mole seven stades long from the coast to the island, thus forming the two harbours of Alexandria. See _Strabo_, xvii. 1. The island is chiefly famous for the lofty tower built upon it by Ptolemy Philadelphus, for a lighthouse. Cf. Cæsar (_De Bello Civili_, iii. 112); _Ammianus_, xxii. 16.

[961] Consult Lucian (_Calumniae non temere credendum_, 17).

[962] After Alexander’s death Cleomenes was executed by Ptolemy, who received Egypt as his share of the great king’s dominions.

[963] _I.e._ the Mediterranean.

[964] _Diodorus_ (xvii. 116) and Plutarch (_Alex._, 73) say that he was a bound prisoner. The latter says his name was Dionysius, and that he was a Messenian.

[965] Plutarch (_Alex._, 75) and _Justin_ (xii. 13) say that he gave a banquet to Nearchus the admiral, and that, as he was leaving it, he was invited to the revel by Medius the Thessalian. Cf. _Diodorus_, xvii. 117.

[966] We learn from _Athenæus_ (x. p. 434 B) that this Court Journal was kept by the royal secretary, Eumenes, afterwards so famous, and by the historian, Diodotus of Erythrae. As to the last days of Alexander, cf. Plutarch (_Alex._, 76, 77).

[967] Cf. _Curtius_, ix. 23: Mos erat principibus amicorum et custodibus corporis excubare ante praetorium, quotiens adversa regi valetudo incidisset.

[968] Serāpis, or more correctly Sarapis, was an Egyptian deity, whose worship was introduced into Greece in the time of the Ptolemies. His worship was introduced into Rome, with that of Isis, in the time of Sulla. _Strabo_ (xvii. 1) gives an account of his cultus in the celebrated temple at Canobus. The Serapeum at Alexandria, which contained the famous library, is described by _Ammianus_, xxii. 16.

[969] _I.e._ the most valiant.

[970] To decide who was to succeed to his power. Cf. _Curtius_, x. 14; _Diodorus_, xvii. 117; _Justin_, xii. 15.

[971] Cf. _Curtius_, x. 31; _Diodorus_, xvii. 117, 118; _Justin_, xii. 13. Plutarch (_Alex._, 77) asserts that nothing was said about Alexander’s being poisoned, until six years after, when Olympias, the enemy of Antipater, set the charge afloat.

[972] See _Arrian_, iv. 10 supra.

[973] Cassander was afterwards king of Macedonia and Greece. He put Olympias, Roxana, and her son Alexander Aegus to death, and bribed Polysperchon to put Barsine and her son Hercules to death. He died of dropsy, B.C. 297.

[974] Cf. _Pausanias_, xviii. 4; _Curtius_, x. 31; Plutarch (_Alex._, 77). The ancients called the poison, “the water of Styx”; it was obtained from Nonacris in the north of Arcadia, near which the river Styx took its origin. _Justin_ (xii. 14) says: Cujus veneni tanta vis fuit, ut non aere, non ferro, non testa contineretur, nec aliter ferri nisi in ungula equi potuerit. Pliny (_Hist. Nat._, xxx. 53) says: Ungulas tantum mularum repertas, neque aliam ullam materiam quae non perroderetur a veneno Stygis aquae, cum id dandum Alexandro magno Antipater mitteret, dignum memoria est, magna Aristotelis infamia excogitatum.

[975] _Diodorus_ (xvii. 117) states that after drinking freely, Alexander swallowed the contents of a large goblet, called the cup of Heracles, and was immediately seized with violent pain. This statement, however, is contradicted by Plutarch. It seems from the last injunction of Calanus, the Indian philosopher, that it was considered the right thing to drink to intoxication at the funeral of a friend. See Plutarch (_Alex._, 69).

[976] June, 323 B.C.

[977] Ptolemy took the embalmed body of Alexander to Egypt, and placed it in Memphis, but removed it a few years after to Alexandria. See _Curtius_, x. 31. Cf. Aelian (_Varia Historia_, xii. 64; xiii. 29).

[978] Cf. _Diodorus_, xvii. 4; ἡ ὀξύτης τοῦ νεανίσκου.

[979] Cf. _Curtius_, x. 18: Gloriae laudisque, ut justo major cupido, ita ut juveni et in tantis admittenda rebus.

[980] Plutarch (_Alex._, 28) attributes the same motive to Alexander in representing himself to be the son of Zeus. _Livy_ (ix. 18) says: Referre in tanto rege piget superbam mutationem vestis et desideratas humi jacentium adulationes, etiam victis Macedonibus graves, nedum victoribus; et foeda supplicia, et inter vinum et epula, caedes amicorum et vanitatem ementiendae stirpis. Consult the whole of the interesting passage in _Livy_, ix. 17-19. See also Aelian (_Varia Historia_, ii. 19; v. 12; ix. 37).

[981] Cf. _Herodotus_, vii. 41; _Arrian_, iii. 11 supra.

[982] Xenophon (_Cyropaedia_, vii. 5, 85) says that the Persian Equals-in-Honour, or Peers, spent their time about the Court.

[983] Cf. _Arrian_, iv. 14 supra; _Justin_, ix. 8; _Athenæus_, x. p. 434 B; Aelian (_Varia Historia_, iii. 23; ix. 3; xii. 26).

[984] Europe and Asia. Arrian reckoned Libya, or Africa, as a part of Asia. See iii. 30; v. 26; vii. 1.

[985] Dr. Leonhard Schmitz says:—“Arrian is in this work one of the most excellent writers of his time, above which he is raised by his simplicity and his unbiassed judgment. Great as his merits thus are as an historian, they are yet surpassed by his excellence as an historical critic. His Anabasis is based upon the most trustworthy historians among the contemporaries of Alexander, such as Ptolemy, Aristobulus, which two he chiefly followed, Diodotus of Erythrae, Eumenes of Cardia, Nearchus of Crete, and Megasthenes; and his sound judgment as to who deserved credit, justly led him to reject such authors as Onesicritus, Callisthenes, and others. No one at all acquainted with this work of Arrian’s can refuse his assent to the opinion of Photius (p. 73; comp. Lucian, _Alex._, 2), that Arrian was the best among the numerous historians of Alexander. One of the great merits of the work, independent of those already mentioned, is the clearness and distinctness with which he describes all military movements and operations, the drawing up of the armies for battle, and the conduct of battles and sieges. In all these respects the Anabasis is a masterly production, and Arrian shows that he himself possessed a thorough practical knowledge of military affairs. He seldom introduces speeches, but wherever he does he shows a profound knowledge of man; and the speech of Alexander to his rebellious soldiers, and the reply of Coenus, as well as some other speeches, are masterly specimens of oratory. Everything, moreover, which is not necessary to make his narrative clear is carefully avoided.” See Smith’s _Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography_.

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES.

(_The numbers refer to the pages._)

Abastanians, 340.

Abbot, 258.

Abdalonymus, 116.

Abdēra, 37.

Abian Scythians, 205.

Abicht, 213, 276, 283.

Abisares, 257, 264, 279, 298, 301, 315.

Aboukir, 142.

Abreas, 330-334.

Abūlites, 172, 173, 374.

Abȳdus, 37.

Abyssinia, 272.

Acĕsinēs, 271, 274, 298-300, 308, 315-325, 336, 339-341, 374, 387.

Achaeans, Port of, 37.

Achaemenids, 375.

Achilles, 38, 39, 139, 323, 396, 402.

Achilleus, 150.

Achmetha, 179.

Acropolis of Athens, 49, 173.

Acropolis of Sardis, 50.

Acūphis, 266-268.

Ada, 65, 66.

Addaeus, 63, 64.

Admētus, 131-133.

Adōnis, 116.

Adraistaeans, 301.

Aeacus, 226, 425.

Aeacidae, 138.

Aegae, 36.

Aegean Sea, 110, 408.

Aegina, 334.

Aegospotami, 31, 57.

Aegyptus, 276, 318.

Aeolis and Aeolians, 53, 71, 186, 383, 385.

Aeschines, 91, 113, 150.

Aeschўlus, 149, 269, 338.

Aesculapius, 88, 397.

Aetolians, 26, 34.

Afghanistan, 155, 191.

Africa, 108, 203, 309.

Agallassa, 324.

Agamemnon, 37.

Agatho, 44, 164.

Agēnor, 133.

Agēsilaüs, 110.

Agis III., 109, 110, 173.

Agis the Argive, 223.

Agrianians, 11, 18, 19, 21, 23, _et passim_.

Ahasuerus, 364.

Aithiops, 272.

Alani, 2, 4.

Albanians, 155, 161, 164.

Albion, 125.

Alcetas, 246, 255, 256, 283.

Alcias, 77.

Alcmēna, 117, 145.

Alēian Plain, 89.

Alexander I., 33, 383.

Alexander the Great, _passim_.

Alexander Aegus, 242, 421.

Alexander, son of Aëropus, 27, 51, 68.

Alexander the Epirote, 152.

Alexandrīa, 141, 142, 143, 197, 206, 210, 247, 266, 340, 351, 416, 420,
423.

Alinda, 66.

Alpes, 125.

Amānic Gates, 91.

Amastrinē, 375.

Amathūs, 129.

Amazons, 234, 393-395.

Ambracia, 119.

Ammianus, 80, 106, 203, 229, 270, 271, 385, 401.

Amminaspes, 185.

Ammōn, 144-148, 223, 320, 347, 382, 397, 415.

Amphiaraüs, 89.

Amphilochians, 119.

Amphilochus, 89.

Amphīon, 30.

Amphipolis, 10, 12, 13, 37, 98, 107.

Amphitrītē, 320.

Amphoterus, 70, 144, 150.

Amyntas of Macedon, 19, 66.

Amyntas, son of Antiochus, 51, 69, 90, 91, 107, 109.

Amyntas, son of Andromenes, 29, 43, 50, 59, 162, 173, 174, 177, 188,
190, 192, 195.

Amyntas, son of Arrhabaeus, 40, 43-45, 59, 74, 95.

Amyntas, son of Nicolaüs, 237, 238, 247.

Amyntas the Theban, 25.

Anaxagoras, 407.

Anaxarchus, 222-226.

Anaxippus, 191, 192.

Anchialus, 87, 88.

Ancyra, 84.

Androcles, 129.

Andromachus, 127, 150, 162, 192, 210, 213-215.

Andronīcus, 189, 191.

Androsthenes, 409.

Anicētus, 134.

Antaeus, 145.

Antalcidas, 79, 80.

Anteas, 363.

Anthemūs, 98.

Antibēlus, 182.

Anticles, 230.

Antigĕnes, 291, 344.

Antigŏnē, 193.

Antigŏnus, 76, 88, 305, 405.

Anti-Libănus, 125, 156, 308.

Antiochus, 97, 149, 263.

Antipater, 26, 36, 43, 81, 102, 105, 109, 148, 162, 173, 231, 391,
392, 421.

Antipater, son of Asclepiodōrus, 230.

Antiphilus, 105.

Antoninus Pius, 2.

Aornus, 199, 258-263, 310.

Apelles, 48, 53, 88.

Aphrices, 279.

Apis, 142.

Apollo, 148, 196, 204, 389, 390, 425.

Apollodōrus, 171, 404, 405.

Apollonia, 40, 98.

Apollonides, 144.

Apollonius, 149.

Apollonius Rhodius, 56, 346.

Apollophanes, 351, 360.

Arab, 407.

Arabia and Arabians, 135, 140, 149, 172, 308, 309, 369, 407-412.

Arabian Gulf, 410.

Arabitians, 350.

Arabius River, 349, 350.

Arachotia and Arachotians, 155, 161, 183, 197, 275, 283, 341, 344,
360, 378, 387.

Arădus, 108, 111.

Aral Sea, 198, 199, 202, 234, 274, 401.

Aram, 87, 107,156, 380.

Arārat, 411.

Arātus, 88.

Araxes, 177, 401.

Arbēla, 13, 98, 156-171, 334.

Arbūpales, 48.

Arcadia and Arcadians, 32, 34, 421.

Archelaüs, 36, 173, 199.

Archias, 409.

Arconnēsus, 65.

Areia and Areians, 155, 191-193, 197, 200, 216, 361, 378.

Areius River, 216.

Arēs, 45.

Arĕtes, 164, 166, 167.

Arĕtis, 46.

Argos and Argives, 51, 58, 89, 217, 224, 227.

Ariaces, 156.

Ariaspians, 196.

Arigaeum, 251.

Arimmas, 152.

Ariobarzanes, 155, 176, 177, 178, 189.

Arisbē, 40.

Aristander, 36, 70, 121, 137, 143, 154, 170, 211, 212, 235.

Aristo, 97, 162, 164, 165.

Aristobūlus, 3, 6, 83, 85, 101, 105, 145, 146, 148, 160, 193, 197,
198, 202, 209, 214, 220, 230, 231, 232, 277, 281, 297, 334, 344,
348, 351, 352, 363, 365, 366, 375, 394, 400, 404, 405, 406, 409,
414, 417, 421, 423, 425, 427.

Aristogeiton, 173, 224, 406.

Aristomēdes, 107.

Aristonīcus, 143, 144, 236, 237.

Aristonoüs, 363.

Aristophanes, 121, 152, 170, 231, 394.

Aristophon, 185.

Aristotle, 8, 18, 68, 81, 125, 223, 232, 271, 308, 421.

Aristus, 3, 399.

Armenia and Armenians, 107, 153, 155, 156, 161, 170, 171, 273, 401,
411.

Arrhabaeus, 68.

Arrhybas, 149.

Arrian, 1-5, 9, 10, 14, 20, 28, 40, 44, 49, 98, 101, 102, 119, 162,
168, 179, 202, 203, 244, 258, 265, 267, 268, 270, 273, 276, 277,
285, 304, 346, 355, 370, 392, 394, 399, 425, 426.

Arsaces, 315.

Arsames, 40, 85, 103, 189, 193, 200, 216.

Arses, 112, 113.

Arsimas, 112.

Arsinoē, 375.

Arsites, 40, 41, 48, 50.

Arta, 119.

Artabazus, 183, 189, 197, 199, 234-237, 242, 375.

Artacama, 375.

Artacoana, 192, 193.

Artaxerxes, 39, 112, 113, 192, 224, 227, 271, 364.

Artĕmis, 52, 53, 406, 409.

Artemisia, 66.

Artemisium, 334.

Artibŏlēs, 379.

Artōnis, 375.

Arvad, 111.

Asander, 51, 88, 217.

Ascania Lake, 76.

Asclēpiadae, 333.

Asclēpiades, 3, 399.

Asclēpiodōrus, 148, 152, 171, 217, 230.

Asclēpius, 88, 333, 396.

Asia, 37, 38, 49, 58, 66, 91, 93, 106, 112, 114, 155, 156, 158, 178,
192, 197, 200, 203, 205, 210, 234, 242, 243, 270-272, 274, 276, 309,
369, 406, 426.

Asia Minor, 53, 59, 76, 79, 108, 151, 273, 275, 276, 308.

Aspasians, 249-251.

Aspendus, 71-73.

Assacēnians, 249, 253, 254, 263, 298.

Assacēnus, 256, 263.

Assagĕtes, 259.

Asshur, 411.

Assyria and Assyrians, 87, 89, 91, 154, 156, 172, 380, 407, 411-413.

Astes, 248.

Atbash, 413.

Athaliah, 58.

Atharrias, 64.

Athēna, 38, 49, 89, 104, 148, 247, 406.

Athenæus, 409.

Athens and the Athenians, 1, 8, 9, 26, 31, 34, 35, 37, 49, 77, 79, 91,
105, 113, 115, 120, 150, 173, 178, 224, 227, 232, 384, 394, 406.

Atizyes, 69, 103.

Atlas Mountains, 309, 369.

Atropates, 155, 239, 365, 374, 375, 393, 395.

Attalus, 98, 163, 184, 195, 231, 235, 246, 250, 252, 256, 284, 344,
420.

Attica, 27, 406.

Attinas, 237.

Attock, 279.

Atūria, 154, 156.

Audaca, 250.

Aurelius, 2.

Austanes, 246, 247.

Autariatians, 19.

Autobares, 379.

Autophradates, 79, 80, 109-111, 117, 124, 143, 189, 190, 239.

Aven, 141.

Avienus, 118, 369.

Avon, 141.

Axenos, 15, 203, 313.

Azemilcus, 117, 133.

Azov Sea, 202, 274.

Azzah, 136.

Baal, 117, 171.

Babel, 413.

Babylon, 94, 153, 171, 172, 224, 239, 308, 372, 385, 396-420.

Babylonians, 155, 156, 161, 171, 402.

Bacchus, 221, 268, 362.

Bacchylides, 39.

Bactra, 187, 192, 196, 199, 202, 206, 233, 246, 247, 312, 385.

Bactria, 155, 183, 215, 236, 247, 263, 273, 284, 308, 319, 401.

Bactrians, 155, 161, 165, 170, 183, 192, 198, 199, 206, 234, 235, 237,
238, 378, 387.

Baetica, 118.

Bagae, 238.

Bagistanes, 182, 183.

Bagoas, 113, 367.

Bahrein, 409.

Balacrus, 76, 104, 149, 164, 165, 212, 252.

Balkan, 10.

Balkh, 187.

Bardylis, 18.

Barsaëntes, 155, 183, 185, 193.

Barsinē, 186, 242, 375, 421.

Baryaxes, 365.

Barzanes, 216.

Batis, 135-139.

Bazira, 256, 257, 259.

Beas River, 306.

Beghram, 197.

Beith-Shemesh, 141.

Beloochistan, 155, 196, 350, 354.

Bēlus, 171, 172, 401, 402, 413.

Berdes, 205.

Beroea, 151.

Bēssus, 155, 182-185, 191-202, 206, 216, 217, 263, 334.

Bianor, 107.

Bistanes, 113, 180.

Bithynia, 77, 108.

Bithynian Thracians, 77.

Boeōtarchs, 28.

Boeōtia, 26, 30.

Bospŏrus, 277.

Bottiaea, 13, 98.

Boupares, 155.

Brachmans, 327, 343.

Branchĭdae, 148, 204.

Briso, 163.

Britain, 370.

Bromius, 268.

Browne, 144.

Bruttians, 152, 399.

Būbaces, 103.

Būcĕphala, 296, 316.

Būcĕphalas, 288, 296, 297.

Būmōdus, 156, 334.

Būsiris, 145.

Byblus, 115.

Cabul, 247.

Cadiz, 108, 118, 203, 309.

Cadmēa, 25, 27, 30, 33.

Cadmus, 117.

Cadūsians, 155, 161, 180.

Cæsar, 123, 278, 303, 395.

Caïcus, 275, 276.

Calanus, 149, 372-374, 405, 422.

Calas, 41, 44, 50, 51, 69, 84.

Callatis, 354.

Callicratidas, 190.

Callines, 389.

Callipolis, 88.

Callisthĕnes, 95, 101, 102, 146, 148, 222-232, 247, 421, 427.

Cambȳses, 140, 141, 226, 364.

Canōbus, 142, 420.

Caphtor, 110.

Cappadocia and Cappadocians, 2, 48, 84, 156, 161, 305, 308.

Caranus, 151, 197, 210, 214, 215, 217.

Carchēdōn, 313, 370.

Cardacĕs, 95.

Cardia, 305.

Cardūchi, 154, 172.

Caria and Carians, 58, 65, 66, 76, 88, 155, 161, 164, 186, 308, 318,
414.

Carim, 186.

Carmania, 344, 360-364, 387.

Carthage, 108, 116, 133, 309, 313, 370, 391, 399, 406.

Casdim, 172.

Caspian Gates, 179, 182, 308, 387.

Caspian Sea, 155, 161, 187, 199, 202, 234, 236, 274, 387, 400, 401.

Cassander, 19, 76, 88, 162, 242, 421.

Castor, 219.

Catanes, 246, 247.

Cathaeans, 301.

Cathaia, 319.

Catullus, 198.

Caucasus, 197-199, 202, 234, 247, 266-275, 284, 308, 387.

Caunus, 88.

Caÿster, 275, 276, 309.

Celaenae, 76.

Celts, 14, 18.

Cĕnaan, 107, 108.

Ceramīcus, 173.

Cercinītis Lake, 37.

Cĕrēth, 110.

Ceth, 109.

Chabor, 401.

Chaboras, 172.

Chaeronēa, 8, 144, 384.

Chalcedonians, 191.

Chalcis, 81.

Chaldaeans, 172, 401-403, 412.

Chandragupta, 275.

Chares, 35, 38, 102, 125, 144.

Charicles, 231.

Charidēmus, 35.

Chemi, 318.

Chenab, 298.

Chiddekel, 153.

Chios, 78, 109, 143, 144.

Choaspes, 172.

Choes, 249.

Chorasmians, 234, 273, 387.

Choriēnēs, 244-246.

Chrysippus, 88.

Cicero, 81, 84, 104, 232, 368, 401.

Cilicia, 85, 87, 88, 91, 104, 153, 173, 186, 197, 273, 391.

Cilician Gates, 84.

Cillūta, 347.

Cimōn, 72.

Citium, 109.

Cittim, 109.

Clazomĕnae, 407.

Cleander, 67, 75, 125, 163, 194, 361.

Clearchus, 39, 102, 152, 191, 227.

Cleomĕnes, 149, 415, 416, 420.

Cleōn, 224.

Cleopatra, 151, 152.

Cleophis, 256.

Clītarchus, 335.

Clītus, son of Bardylis, 18-25.

Clītus, son of Dropidas, 47, 162, 181, 195, 218-221, 232, 233, 235,
237, 248.

Cnĭdus, 88.

Coele-Syria, 110, 156, 158, 161, 308, 385.

Coenus, 24, 43, 67, 77, 95, 131, 133, 162, 169, 177, 182, 190, 235,
236-239, 250, 256, 257, 259, 280, 284, 291, 299, 300, 311-314, 318,
427.

Coeranus, 151, 164.

Colchians, 234, 394.

Colōnae, 40.

Comēdae Mountains, 202.

Companions, 23, _et passim_.

Cŏnōn, 224.

Cōphaeus, 259.

Cōphēn, 114, 189, 379.

Cōphēn River, 247, 265.

Corē, 118.

Corinth, 9, 49, 79, 110, 334.

Corus, 53.

Cōs, 88, 109, 144, 333.

Cossaeans, 398, 414.

Crateas, 363.

Cratĕrus, 43, 44, 95, 126, 162, 175-177, 183, 188, 193, 206-209, 231,
237, 239, 246, 247, 250, 251, 253, 259, 283, 284, 289, 293, 297, 300,
319, 321, 322, 324, 337, 341-344, 361, 375, 391.

Crētē and Cretans, 58, 98, 108, 110.

Crētheus, 354.

Critodēmus, 333.

Croesus, 402.

Ctēsias, 3, 271.

Cūnaxa, 94, 102, 165.

Cūrium, 129.

Curtius, 77, 85, 96, 102, 114, 116, 139, 165, 203, 204, 219, 232, 241,
258, 333, 335, 358, 361, 419, 424.

Cush, 272, 398.

Cўbĕlē, 275.

Cyclădĕs, 80, 108.

Cydnus, 85.

Cȳmē, 71.

Cyna, 19.

Cyprus and Cyprians, 55, 108, 109, 120, 125-129, 132, 150, 318.

Cȳrēnē, 198, 385.

Cyreschăta, 207.

Cyropolis, 206, 208, 209.

Cȳrus the Elder, 84, 178, 196, 207, 208, 227, 236, 272, 355, 364, 367,
369.

Cȳrus the Younger, 39, 71, 76, 85, 87, 102.

Cyrus, camp of, 84.

Cythnus, 81.

Daans, 161, 198, 199, 284.

Dacians, 14.

Daedălus, 409.

Dăhae, 161.

Damascus, 103, 104, 114, 242.

Dammasek, 103.

Dandamis, 371, 372.

Daniel, 172, 307.

Danube, 12, 15, 270.

Darīus, 41, 48, 53, 59, 69, 79, 80, 90-114, 120, 134, 135, 140,
152-171, 179-187, 201, 211, 220, 227, 243, 277, 334, 364, 375.

Dascўlium, 50.

Datămes, 80, 81.

Dataphernes, 200-202.

David, 110, 186.

Dēĭmăchus, 273.

Deinarchus, 113.

Delta, 270, 340, 343.

Delphi, 228.

Dēmādes, 34.

Dēmarātus, 47.

Dēmētrius, 76, 99, 162, 196, 228, 256, 284, 291, 300, 328, 335.

Dēmŏphōn, 420.

Dēmosthĕnēs, 35, 91, 113, 150, 175, 384, 416.

Dii, 10.

Dindўmēnē, 275.

Dīnocrătes, 143.

Diodōrus, 28, 37, 41, 44, 48, 61, 64, 102, 116, 204, 379, 391, 422,
424.

Diŏdŏtus, 3, 418, 427.

Diogĕnes, 79, 90, 371.

Diōn Cassius, 1.

Dionȳsiodōrus, 115.

Dionȳsius of Halicarnassus, 59, 139, 285.

Dionȳsus, 117, 218, 221-225, 265-269, 310, 321, 338, 362, 387, 408.

Diophantus, 150.

Dioscūri, 218.

Diotimus, 35.

Dium, 48.

Dnieper, 270.

Doloaspis, 148.

Domitian, 2.

Don, 202, 203, 274.

Donaldson, 361, 383, 396.

Dorians, 273.

Doxareus, 279.

Drangiana and Drangians, 183, 193, 196, 239, 341, 387.

Drapsaca, 199.

Dropides, 190.

Dryden, 179.

Drypetis, 375.

Dyrta, 263.

Dysōrum, Mount, 383.

Eastern Sea, 309, 400.

Ecbătăna, 179-181, 217, 312, 395, 396.

Egypt and Egyptians, 109, 118, 120, 135, 140-149, 158, 193, 266, 271,
276, 308, 317, 318, 385, 410, 416, 423.

Elaeūs, 37.

Elam, 364.

Ēlēans, 34, 77.

Elephantinē, 144.

Eleusis, 173.

Eleuthĕrae, 27.

Elimiōtis, 26.

Elymais, 364.

Embolima, 259.

England, 108.

Enўălius, 45, 282.

Enylus, 116, 124.

Eordaea, 26, 363.

Eordaicus River, 20.

Epamīnōndas, 32.

Epardus River, 216.

Ephĕsus, 51-53.

Ephialtes, 35, 64.

Ephippus, 149.

Epictētus, 1, 2.

Epidaurians, 397.

Epigŏni, 378, 382.

Epimĕnes, 230, 231.

Epimĕnĭdēs, 110.

Ēpīrus, 19, 119.

Epocillus, 180, 216, 239.

Eratosthĕnes, 3, 269, 273, 274.

Erĭgōn River, 20.

Erigyius, 151, 163, 181, 188, 189, 197.

Erythīa, 119.

Erythrae, 148.

Ethiopians, 272, 317, 369, 399.

Etruscans, 186, 399.

Etymander, 196, 216.

Euaspla River, 250.

Eubœa, 78, 81, 108, 181, 334.

Eudanĕmi, 173.

Eudēmus, 360.

Euergĕtae, 196, 216.

Eugnōstus, 149.

Eulaeus River, 107, 379, 380, 381.

Eumĕnes, 3, 43, 305, 375, 392, 397, 418, 427.

Euphrātes, 71, 91, 107, 134, 151, 153, 156, 274, 275, 277, 347, 369,
380, 381, 403, 406, 408, 411, 412, 422.

Eurīpĭdes, 401, 406.

Eurīpus, 81.

Europe, 14, 38, 119, 202, 203, 205, 270, 276, 370, 394, 426.

Eurybōtas, 29.

Eurylochus, 231.

Eurydĭcē, 151.

Eurymĕdōn, 72.

Eurystheus, 118, 119, 224.

Eusĕbius, 109.

Eustathius, 4, 395.

Euthycles, 114, 115.

Euxine Sea, 4, 15, 77, 94, 203, 234, 269, 313, 370, 400.

Evacae, 378.

Evius, 268.

Ewald, 149.

Fars, 364.

Frontinus, 358.

Ftah, 141, 142.

Gadeira, 203, 369.

Gadrosia, 196, 350-363, 374, 387.

Galatia, 84.

Ganges, 141, 270, 271, 274, 276, 281, 309, 317.

Gaugamēla, 156, 334.

Gauls, 14, 84, 399, 406.

Gaza, 110, 135-140, 206, 207.

Gebal, 116.

Gelo, 39.

Georgia, 155.

Geraestus, 78.

Gerostrătus, 111, 124.

Gerўŏnēs, 118, 119.

Gesenius, 117.

Getae, 14-17.

Gibbon, 217.

Gibraltar, Straits of, 118, 203, 309.

Gizeh, 141.

Glaucias, 19-25, 162, 396.

Glaucippus, 55.

Glaucus, 171.

Glauganicians, 297.

Glausians, 297.

Gordium, 76, 77, 82.

Gordius, 82.

Gordўaeans, 154.

Gorgias, 235, 248, 284.

Gorgons, 145.

Gough, 280.

Graikos, 308.

Granīcus, 41-49, 150, 220, 334.

Great Sea, 119, 270, 273, 274, 275, 309, 315, 317, 318, 347-349, 377,
385, 387, 400, 410.

Grecian Sea, 134, 266.

Greece, 81, 88, 93, 108, 112, 120, 142, 148, 173, 189, 234, 391, 394,
396, 406, 414, 420.

Greeks, _passim_.

Gronovius, 263.

Grote, 9, 16, 96, 103, 162, 375.

Gūraeans, 249, 253.

Gūraeus River, 253.

Hādrian, 1, 2.

Haemus, 10, 11.

Halicarnassus, 59-65, 69, 88, 109, 110, 186.

Hălys, 84.

Hamilcar, 399.

Hamley, 146.

Hannibal, 286.

Hanno, 309.

Hardinge, 280.

Harmŏdius, 173, 224, 406.

Harpălus, 151, 152, 181, 379, 392.

Hebrus, 37.

Hecataeus, 118, 275, 276.

Hecatomnus, 65.

Hector, 139.

Hēgelochus, 42, 80, 143, 144, 162.

Hēgĕmon, 296.

Hēgēsias, 139, 423.

Hēgēsistrătus, 53.

Hēliopolis, 141.

Hellanīcus, 62.

Hellēnes, 308, 383.

Hellespont, 36, 38, 234, 277, 307, 384, 396.

Heordaeans, see _Eordaea_.

Hēphaestion, 38, 85, 105, 106, 140, 169, 195, 228, 235, 236, 248, 249,
259, 264, 269, 284, 300, 315, 319, 321, 322, 324, 336, 344, 345, 348,
350-352, 363, 364, 375, 377, 379, 381, 391, 392, 395-397, 398, 402,
404, 415, 416.

Hēra, 119.

Heracles, son of Alexander, 242, 421.

Heracles or Hercules, 17, 38, 89, 104, 117-119, 121, 133, 134, 145,
150, 217, 224-227, 258, 263, 269, 310, 320, 394.

Hēracōn, 361, 362.

Hēraclīdes, 13, 162, 191, 400.

Hercules, Pillars of, 118, 203, 309, 391.

Hermolaüs, 230, 232.

Hermōtus, 40.

Hermus, 50, 275, 276.

Hērŏdŏtus, 14, 15, 58, 59, 108, 118, 141, 170, 202, 218, 226, 240, 244,
270, 271, 274-277, 286, 317, 358, 389, 392-394, 402, 413.

Hēromĕnes, 68.

Hērōŏpŏlis, 149, 410.

Hēropythus, 52.

Hērostrătus, 52.

Hēsychius, 95.

Hidrieus, 65, 66.

Hiĕro, 39, 409, 410.

Himalayas, 271.

Hindu-Koosh, 197, 202, 263.

Hindustan, 263.

Hipparchus, 224.

Hippias, 109, 224.

Hippocrătes, 88.

Hippolўtē, 394.

Hirtius, 400.

Histanes, 379.

Hodu, 263.

Homa, 265.

Homer, 39, 45, 56, 116, 121, 141, 167, 175, 205, 218, 260, 276, 285,
286, 291, 309, 318, 331, 391, 416.

Humboldt, 108.

Hydarnes, 379.

Hydaspes, 270, 271, 274, 279-288, 293, 297, 308, 316-324, 339, 374,
387.

Hydraōtes, 271, 274, 300, 301, 308, 315, 324, 326, 328, 336, 339, 387.

Hyparna, 67.

Hypaspists, 21, _et passim_.

Hyperīdes, 35.

Hyphăsis, 24, 271, 274, 306, 308, 309, 315, 339, 374, 387.

Hyrcania and Hyrcanians, 155, 161, 181, 185, 187, 188, 191, 199, 274,
297, 308, 309, 361, 387, 400.

Hyrcanian Sea, 202, 274, 308, 309, 400.

Hystaspes, 379.

Iacchus, 118, 268.

Iapygian Cape, 370.

Iassians, 58.

Iazygians, 14.

Ibērians, 118, 119, 399.

Icarian Sea, 409.

Icărus Isle, 409.

Ichthyŏphăgi, 354, 363.

Idaean Mountains, 40, 50.

Ilium, 37, 38.

Illyria and Illyrians, 9, 19, 93, 310, 383, 406.

India, 44, 247, 258-349, 355, 360, 400, 406, 408.

Indica, the, 3, 273, 277, 343.

Indians, 155, 156, 161, 164, 167, 168, 193, 197, 199, 234, 248-349,
370-373, 385.

Indian Gulf, 309.

Indus, 156, 193, 248, 258-281, 308, 317-320, 339-345, 364, 369, 374,
387.

Iolaüs, 27.

Iollas, 421.

Iōn, 308, 385, 425.

Ionian Gulf, 18.

Ionia and Ionians, 40, 53, 54, 186, 307, 363, 385.

Iphicrătes, 66, 115, 140.

Ipsus, 53, 76, 405.

Isis, 142, 420.

Ismēnias, 224.

Isocrates, 395.

Issus, 90-104, 140, 157, 243, 334.

Ister, 12-17, 270, 276, 277.

Isthmus, 334, 371.

Italy, 152, 399.

Ivica, 108.

Javan, 307, 385.

Jaxartes, 198, 202, 247, 274, 401.

Jelalabad, 265.

Jelum, 270.

Jerome, 109, 413.

Jerusalem, 135.

Josephus, 1, 91, 109, 124.

Julian, 85, 103, 106, 385.

Juliopolis, 76.

Jupiter Ammon, 144.

Justice, 222.

Justin, 9, 31, 103, 421.

Kem, 276.

Khorasan, 155, 191.

Krüger, 99, 143, 188, 244, 257, 263, 268, 278, 281, 283, 319, 356.

Labdacus, 118.

Lacedaemonians, 9, 26, 32, 49, 113, 115, 120, 150, 173, 190, 227, 272.

Ladē, 54, 56, 57.

Lahore, 280, 301.

Läīus, 118.

Lampsacus, 40.

Langarus, 19, 20.

Lanicē, 221.

Laŏmĕdon, 151.

Lebānon, 108, 111, 122, 125, 156, 308.

Lēnaeus, 268.

Leon, 119.

Leŏnnātus, 105, 149, 228, 245, 249, 252, 253, 330-334, 345, 348, 351,
363, 377.

Leōtychĭdes, 54.

Lesbos, 78, 108, 143, 144.

Leuctra, 32.

Leugē, 98.

Liber, 268.

Libya, 144, 145, 149, 203, 308, 309, 313, 369, 399, 426.

Līby-Phoenicians, 406.

Liddell and Scott, 127, 278.

Livy, 167, 210, 253, 349, 400, 424.

Lubim, 144.

Lūcanians, 152, 399.

Lūcian, 4, 6, 416, 427.

Lucullus, 71.

Lud, 186.

Lyaeus, 268.

Lўcia and Lycians, 67, 68, 80, 125, 151, 308.

Lўcidas, 148.

Lўcomēdes, 79.

Lўcūrgus, 35.

Lўcus River, 154, 169.

Lȳdia and Lydians, 40, 50, 51, 152, 186, 308, 385, 414.

Lyginus, 12.

Lysander, 57.

Lysanias, 12.

Lysias, 395.

Lȳsimăchus, 53, 76, 285, 305, 363, 373, 405.

Lysippus, 48.

Macedonia, 8, 9, 13, 18, 48, 49, 66, 77, 98, 112, 125, 162, 173, 174,
239, 253, 308, 310, 344, 383, 391, 405.

Macedonians, _passim_.

Madai, 239.

Maeander, 57, 275, 276.

Maeotis, Lake, 202, 203, 274, 370.

Magarsus, 89.

Magi, 366, 367, 389.

Magnesia, 58, 165.

Mahabunn Mount, 258, 259.

Malea, 78.

Mallians, 301, 322, 324-335, 338, 339.

Mallus, 89, 125.

Mandanis, 371.

Mantinēa, 32.

Maracanda, 202, 210, 213, 215, 235, 236.

Marathus, 111, 115.

Marcomanni, 14.

Mardians, 161, 164, 297.

Mareōtis, Lake, 142.

Mariamnē, 111.

Marian, Lake, 142.

Maritza, 37.

Marmarians, 67.

Marmarica, 145.

Marōnēa, 37.

Mars, 45.

Martial, 118.

Massaga, 254-256, 259.

Massăgĕtae, 2, 4, 236-238.

Mausōlus, 65.

Mavaces, 155.

Mazaces, 140, 141, 185.

Mazaeus, 152, 156, 168, 171, 239, 379, 404.

Mazarus, 173.

Mēdia and Medes, 91, 125, 155, 161, 171, 179, 180, 192, 194, 239, 272,
273, 308, 365, 374, 387, 393.

Mediterranean, 275, 276, 318, 369, 417.

Mēdius, 418-422.

Megalŏpŏlis, 173.

Megareus, 144.

Megăris, 152.

Megasthĕnes, 3, 4, 273, 274, 355, 372, 427.

Mĕlamnĭdas, 216.

Mĕlas River, 37.

Melĕāger, 17, 44, 59, 67, 77, 95, 162, 176, 235, 238, 248, 284, 344.

Melkarth, 117.

Mēlos, 32.

Memnōn, 41, 46, 51, 59, 64, 78, 79, 242.

Memphis, 141, 142, 148, 150, 405, 423.

Menander, 109, 124, 152, 414, 417.

Menedēmus, 210, 215.

Menelaüs, 276.

Mĕnēs, 104, 141, 173, 181, 217.

Menĭdas, 148, 164, 165, 169, 194, 239, 414, 420.

Meniscus, 112.

Mĕnōn, 110, 197.

Menoetius, 38.

Mĕnoph, 141.

Mentor, 51, 375.

Merŏēs, 295.

Mēros Mountain, 266, 268.

Mesopotamia, 153, 156, 161, 172, 308, 380, 385.

Metellus, 48.

Methymna, 78, 143.

Miccalus, 407.

Micōn, 394.

Midas, 82.

Milētus and Milesians, 53-58, 149, 204, 275, 354, 385.

Milyas, 67.

Minōs, 110, 224, 425.

Mithraustes, 156.

Mithridates, 47, 48.

Mithrines, 50, 171.

Mithrobaeus, 379.

Mithrobūzanes, 48.

Mitylēnē, 78, 79, 80, 144.

Mitsraim, 276.

Moeris, 344.

Moerocles, 35.

Monimus, 190.

Mooltan, 325.

Moph, 41.

Muses, 36.

Musicanus, 341-343.

Mycălē, 54-57, 273.

Mycēnae, 118.

Mylasa, 59, 61.

Myndus, 59, 60, 88.

Myriandrus, 90, 92.

Mȳsia, 275.

Nabarzanes, 182, 185, 188.

Naucrătis, 149.

Nautaca, 199, 239.

Nearchus, 3, 4, 151, 217, 263, 273, 319, 324, 336, 337, 348, 349,
355, 363, 364, 372, 374, 375, 377, 406, 410, 418, 419, 427.

Nebuchadnezzar, 117.

Necho, 108, 309.

Negropont, 81.

Neilos, 141.

Neiloxĕnus, 197.

Neoptolemus, 38, 61, 138, 226.

Nĕpos, 305.

Nērēids, 38, 320.

Nervii, 61.

Nessus River, 10.

Nīcaea, 247, 296, 316.

Nīcānōr, 16, 43, 54, 56, 95, 162, 184, 192, 247, 259.

Nīcĭas, 51.

Nīcomēdia, 1, 2.

Nīcŏpŏlis, 2.

Nīcostrătus, 104.

Nile, 24, 140, 141, 144, 149, 150, 203, 270, 276, 317, 318.

Nimrod, 411.

Niphātes, 40, 48.

Nisaean Plain, 373, 393.

Nomad Libyans, or Numidians, 203, 369.

Nonacris, 421.

Noph, 141.

Nȳsa, 265-268, 310, 319.

Ocean, 320.

Ōchus, 112, 113, 116, 375.

Ocondobates, 155.

Odrysians, 164.

Oedipūs, 118.

Olympias, 8, 68, 151, 152, 223, 318, 391, 392, 421.

Ōmares, 48.

Ombrion, 149.

Omphis, 247.

On, 141.

Onchēstus, 26.

Onēsicritus, 319, 365, 377, 410, 427.

Onomas, 190.

Opis, 381.

Ōra, 256-259, 351, 355, 363, 377.

Orbelus Mountain, 10.

Orchomĕnus, 34.

Ordanes, 361.

Orestis, 363.

Ōrītians, 350-352, 377, 387.

Ormuzd, 243.

Orobatis, 259.

Orontes, 156.

Orontobates, 64, 66, 88.

Orpheus, 36.

Orxines, 365, 367.

Oscius, 12.

Ossadians, 340.

Otanes, 155.

Ovid, 15, 41, 234.

Oxathres, 155, 180, 374.

Oxiana Palus, 401.

Oxodates, 182, 239.

Ōxus, 199, 200, 202, 234, 235, 247, 274, 358, 387, 401.

Oxyartes, 199, 239-245, 340, 341, 375, 379.

Oxycanus, 342.

Oxydracians, 301, 322, 333, 338.

Ozines, 361.

Paddan-Aram, 156, 308.

Paetica, 37.

Paeonians, 18, 43, 45, 93, 97, 154, 163, 165.

Palaetyrus, 119, 122.

Palestine, 110, 135, 136, 385.

Pallacŏpas River, 411, 412.

Pamphȳlia, 67, 71, 197, 273, 308.

Pandŏsia, 152.

Panegorus, 40.

Pangaean Mountain, 37, 383.

Pantaleōn, 148.

Pantordanus, 98.

Paphlagonia and Paphlagonians, 84, 305, 308.

Paraetacae, 180, 244, 246.

Paraetŏnium, 145.

Parălus, 125, 150.

Parapamisadae, 247, 269, 283, 340, 358.

Parapamisus, 197, 270, 271, 273.

Paras, 364.

Paravaea, 26.

Parmĕnio, 12, 37, 41-43, 50, 53, 54, 67, 69, 70, 76, 84, 86, 87, 95,
96, 104, 106, 114, 135, 157-159, 163, 168, 169, 176, 178, 181,
194-196, 232, 361.

Paron, 171.

Parthia and Parthians, 155, 161, 168, 181, 182, 185, 191, 197, 216,
273, 361, 378, 387.

Pasargădae, 178, 364-369, 372, 406.

Pasicrătes, 129.

Pasitigris, 174, 379.

Patala and Patalians, 343-345, 348, 349.

Patăra, 67.

Patrŏclus, 38, 402.

Paul, St., 110.

Pausanias, 8, 51, 68, 217.

Pausippus, 190.

Peithagŏras, 404, 405.

Peithōn son of Sosicles, 236, 237.

Peithon, son of Agenor, 236, 324-328, 341, 343, 344, 348, 420.

Peithon, son of Crateas, 236, 363.

Pelagon, 52.

Pelesheth and Pelishtim, 135.

Pelina, 26.

Pēlium, 20.

Pella, 8, 20, 148, 363.

Pelopidas, 224, 384.

Peloponnēsus, 9, 51, 67, 81, 96, 125, 150, 310, 384.

Pēlūsium, 140, 141, 148.

Pēneius, 216.

Pĕrath, 107.

Percōte, 40.

Perdiccas, 17, 20, 24, 28, 29, 43, 59, 61, 95, 162, 176, 235, 244, 248,
259, 264, 284, 285, 302, 325, 326, 329, 330, 333, 340, 363, 375, 405.

Perga and Pergaĕans, 70-73.

Perinthus, 112.

Peripolus, 125.

Periplūs, the, 4.

Peroedas, 98.

Persĕpŏlis, 178, 179, 195, 367, 369.

Perseus, 145, 230.

Persian Gates, 176.

Persian Sea or Gulf, 309, 347, 364, 369, 379, 380, 381, 400, 406, 410.

Persians, 42-58, _et passim_.

Persis, 155, 173, 174, 177, 178, 185, 308, 363-368, 372, 378, 414.

Petinēs, 40, 48.

Petisis, 148.

Peucē, 12, 270.

Peucela, 248.

Peucelaōtis, 248, 259.

Peucestas, 149, 330-335, 363, 367, 368, 377, 378, 414, 415, 417, 420.

Pharasmanes, 234.

Pharismanes, 361.

Pharnabāzus, 79-81, 109, 140-144, 189.

Pharnăcēs, 48.

Pharnuches, 210, 213, 214.

Phăros, 142, 416.

Pharsalians, 163.

Phasēlis, 68, 70.

Phasians, 394.

Philēmon, 88.

Philip, 259.

Philip of Macedon, 6-9, 18, 20, 21, 24, 27, 34, 36, 68, 112, 113, 151,
219, 229, 305, 383, 384.

Philip, son of Amyntas, 43.

Philip, son of Machatas, 17, 44, 279, 298, 319, 321, 324, 339, 340,
360.

Philip, son of Menelaüs, 44, 163, 192.

Philip, the Physician, 85, 86.

Philippi, 10, 12.

Philistines, 110, 135, 136.

Philotas, son of Carsis, 230.

Philōtas, son of Parmenio, 12, 13, 21, 24, 43, 57, 62, 86, 89, 162,
177, 193-196, 200, 224, 232, 252.

Philoxĕnus, 151, 172, 414, 417.

Phisinus, 144.

Phocians, 30, 384.

Phōcĭōn, 35.

Phoenicia and Phoenicians, 55, 81, 90, 107, 108, 111, 116, 118, 120,
125-127, 132, 136, 140, 150, 151, 153, 158, 173, 308, 309, 318, 352,
359, 391, 406, 407, 414.

Phōtius, 1, 4, 271, 392, 427.

Phradasmenes, 379.

Phrasaortes, 178, 364.

Phrataphernes, 155, 188, 197, 216, 239, 298, 362, 379.

Phrygia, 40, 44, 48, 65, 67, 73, 76, 77, 82, 105, 186, 308, 385.

Pieris, 36.

Pimprama, 301.

Pinăra, 67.

Pinărus, 92, 95, 104.

Pindar, 34, 39, 177, 309, 334.

Pisidia and Pisidians, 67, 68, 73-75.

Pixōdarus, 66.

Plataeae and Plataeans, 30, 32, 138.

Plato, 181, 286.

Plautus, 108.

Pleiades, 349, 411.

Pliny, 271, 272, 277, 313, 340, 349, 369, 422.

Plutarch, 3, 6, 27, 33-35, 37, 39, 49, 92, 94, 106, 137, 268, 305, 358,
372, 396, 417, 418, 421, 424.

Pnytagŏras, 126, 129.

Polemo, 148, 149, 195.

Polyaenus, 358.

Polybĭus, 95, 101, 102, 203, 231, 239, 346, 364.

Polydămas, 194.

Polydectēs, 145.

Polydeucēs or Pollux, 219.

Polydōrus, 118.

Polyeuctus, 35.

Polysperchōn, 104, 162, 228, 235, 242, 246, 253, 283, 324, 391, 421.

Polytimētus, 213, 216.

Pompeiopolis, 88.

Pompey, 115.

Porticanus, 342.

Porus, 280-306, 315, 318.

Poseidōn, 38, 145, 320, 347, 425.

Practius River, 40.

Prasĭas, Lake, 37.

Priam, 38.

Priāpus, 40.

Proëxes, 197.

Prŏmētheus, 269.

Propontis, 234.

Proteas, 81, 125.

Protĕsĭlāus, 37.

Protomăchus, 97.

Ptolemy the Geographer, 203, 401.

Ptolemy, son of Lagus, 3, 6, 13, 24, 28, 76, 88, 102, 103, 105, 146,
148, 151, 175, 193, 194, 196, 200-202, 209, 220, 231, 232, 235, 245,
249-253, 260, 261, 277, 288, 297, 299, 304, 305, 314, 319, 324,
332-337, 363, 373, 375, 394, 399, 405, 416, 421, 423, 427.

Ptolemy, son of Philip, 45.

Ptolemy, son of Seleucus, 66, 77, 100, 104.

Ptolemy, 63-65, 88, 95, 177, 216.

Ptolemy Philadelphus, 416.

Punjab, 249, 271.

Pūra, 355.

Purally, 349.

Pydna, 230.

Pȳrămus, 89.

Pyrrhus of Epirus, 19.

Pythagŏras, 317.

Pythodēmus, 8.

Quadi, 14.

Raamses, 149, 410.

Rai, 182.

Ras-al-Had, 410.

Ravi, 300.

Rawlinson, 87, 393, 413.

Rawson, 146.

Red Sea, 155, 161, 309, 400.

Reno, 277.

Rha, 203.

Rhadamanthus, 425.

Rhăgae, 182.

Rhambacia, 351.

Rhĕa, 173.

Rheomithres, 40, 103.

Rhine, 141, 277.

Rhodes, 94, 125, 335.

Rhoesaces, 47.

Rhone, 153, 286.

Richard I., 136.

Rome and Romans, 1, 2, 149, 230, 277, 278, 370, 399, 400, 420.

Roxāna, 242, 243, 340, 375, 421, 422.

Rumour, 333.

Sabaces, 103, 140.

Sabictas, 84.

Sacesinians, 155, 161.

Săcians, 155, 161, 387.

Sagalassus, 74.

Salaminia, 125, 150.

Salămis, 102, 150, 334, 399.

Salmacis, 65.

Salmus, 363.

Samarcand, 202.

Samaria, 91, 150, 364.

Sambus, 342.

Sămos, 57, 273.

Samothrace, 230.

Sanballat, 91.

Sandracotus, 273, 275.

Sangaeus, 248.

Sangala, 301-306.

Sangarius River, 77.

Sardanapālus, 87.

Sardinia, 108.

Sardīs, 50, 51, 67, 171.

Sarmatians, 14.

Sarra, 117.

Satibarzanes, 155, 191-193, 197.

Satraces, 212.

Satrapes, 247.

Sauromatians, 14.

Saxones, 387.

Schmieder, 296.

Schmitz, 426.

Scinde, 263.

Sciōne, 32.

Scythia and Scythians, 15, 155, 161, 164, 165, 180, 192, 196, 202,
205-214, 227, 233, 234, 237, 238, 272, 273, 284, 308, 309, 370,
399, 401.

Seleucidae, 285.

Seleucus, 53, 76, 107, 273, 285, 291, 375, 405, 414, 420.

Selgians, 74.

Sĕmĕlē, 117.

Semiramis, 66, 355.

Seneca, 118, 232.

Sennacherib, 140.

Serāpis, 420.

Seriphus, 145.

Sestus, 37.

Shalmaneser, 116, 117, 124.

Shat-el-Arab, 153, 369, 379.

Sheshach, 413.

Shichor, 141.

Shushan, 172.

Sibi, 324.

Sibyrtius, 275, 360.

Sicily, 108, 370.

Sidē, 71.

Sidon, 108, 111, 116, 124-127.

Sigēum, 38.

Sigon, 111.

Sigrium, 78.

Simmias, 162, 167, 195.

Sin, 140.

Sindhu, 263.

Sindimana, 342, 343.

Sinōpe and Sinopeans, 190, 371.

Sintenis, 209, 220, 257, 361.

Siphnus, 81, 109.

Sisicottus, 263, 298.

Sisinēs, 69, 379.

Sisygambis, 105, 167, 175.

Sitacenians, 156, 161.

Sitalces, 75, 87, 98, 164, 194, 361.

Siwah, 144.

Smerdis, 364.

Smyrna, 275, 407.

Sochi, 89.

Sōcrătes, 40, 43, 45.

Sogdian Rock, 239-241.

Sogdiana and Sogdianians, 155, 199-206, 215, 235-240, 284, 378.

Sogdians, 341.

Soli, 88-90, 104, 125, 410.

Solomon, 107.

Sŏlōn, 402.

Sopeithes, 319.

Sopolis, 13, 162, 239.

Sōstrătus, 230.

Spain, 108, 118.

Sparta, 32, 39.

Sphines, 372.

Spitaces, 294.

Spitamenes, 199-202, 209, 213-215, 236-239, 375.

Spithridates, 40, 47,48, 51.

Spŏrădĕs, 88, 409.

Stamenes, 239.

Stasanor, 200, 216, 239, 361, 362, 364.

Statira, 48, 135, 242, 243.

Stiboetis, 188.

Străbo, 15, 55, 78, 108, 139, 141, 202, 269, 274, 319, 356, 371, 393,
395, 402, 420.

Străto, 111, 116.

Strȳmon, 37.

Stymphaea, 26.

Styx, 421.

Suetonius Paulinus, 369.

Sulla, 420.

Sunium, 334.

Sūsa, 171-174, 182, 362, 372, 374, 377, 385, 387, 406.

Susia, 191.

Susiana and Susianians, 155, 161, 173, 174, 308, 363, 364, 379, 398.

Sutledj, 339.

Syennĕsis, 85.

Syllium, 72.

Syria Palaestinē, 135.

Syria and Syrians, 87, 91, 140, 152, 156, 173, 285, 308, 380, 407.

Syrian Gates, 87, 89, 91, 94.

Syrmus, 12,17.

Syrphax, 52.

Tacitus, 110.

Taenărum, 110.

Tanais, 198, 202, 203, 205, 209-211, 274, 308, 387.

Tapuria and Tapurians, 165, 161, 187, 188, 239, 414.

Tarentines, 152.

Tarshish, 118.

Tarsus, 85, 87, 89, 90.

Tartēssus, 118.

Taulantians, 19-22, 25.

Tauriscus, 151.

Tauron, 287, 291.

Taurus, 85, 151, 197, 273-275.

Taxĭla, 270, 279, 280, 371.

Taxiles, 247, 248, 270, 279, 280, 294, 298, 360, 372.

Tel-el-Kebir, 146.

Tēlĕphus, 354.

Telmissus, 36, 67, 82.

Tēmĕnus, 217.

Tempē, 216.

Tĕnĕdus, 80, 81, 143.

Tennes, 116.

Teredon, 411.

Terioltes, 341.

Termēssus, 73-75.

Thalestris, 394.

Thammuz, 116.

Thapsăcus, 71, 107, 151, 152, 406.

Thara, 183.

Thebes and Thebans, 25-34, 115, 221, 265, 310, 378, 384.

Theodectes, 68.

Theŏcrĭtus, 242.

Theophrastus, 232.

Thēra, 88, 198.

Thermopўlae, 26.

Thēro, 39.

Thersippus, 112.

Thēseus, 394, 425.

Thessaliscus, 114, 115.

Thessaly and Thessalians, 26, 43, 67, 68, 69, 77, 87, 96, 97, 101, 163,
169, 176, 180, 200, 310, 383, 391.

Thoas, 353, 360.

Thrace and Thracians, 9-12, 15, 44, 53, 54, 69, 71, 75, 87, 93, 98,
108, 112, 148, 164, 298, 310, 340, 383, 391, 406.

Thriambus, 362.

Thūcўdĭdēs, 12, 45, 55, 99, 295, 335.

Thymōndas, 80,107.

Tibarēnes, 118.

Tigrēs, 107, 153, 154, 156, 274, 277, 347, 364, 369, 380, 381, 401.

Timaeus, 153, 223.

Timagenes, 335.

Timander, 63.

Timolaüs, 25.

Tiphsach, 107.

Tīryns, 310.

Tirynthius, 310.

Tissaphernes, 191.

Tlēpolĕmus, 185, 360.

Tmōlus, Mount, 265.

Tobit, 182.

Trallēs, 52, 65.

Trapĕzūs, 394.

Trebizond, 234.

Triballians, 9-17, 310, 383.

Triopium, 88.

Tripolĭs, 107, 108.

Troezēn, 59.

Troy, 332.

Tsidon, 116.

Tsor, 117.

Tubal, 119.

Tylus Island, 409.

Tyndareus, 219.

Tyre, 108, 109, 116-138, 150, 255.

Tyriaspes, 247, 298, 340.

Tyrrhenians, 399.

Ulai, 379.

Urănus, 408.

Uxians, 155, 161, 174, 175, 297, 387, 398.

Vergil, 54, 167, 186, 310, 318, 401.

Vitellius, 71.

Winer, 413.

Xanthippus, 54.

Xanthus, 67.

Xathrians, 340.

Xenophōn, 1, 39, 42, 84, 93, 94, 96, 99, 102, 159, 191, 224, 225, 227,
244, 394, 425.