Chapter XII: THE TWELVE Article is that if Olyver Wilson dothe hereafter (13)

A silver flagon with handle and spout (54 oz. 10 dwt.) the gift of Thomas Collins, Master 1648. The arms engraved are, on a bend three martlets and a crescent for difference all within a bordure ermine; on the other side are the Company’s arms with the motto misspelt. The inscription is--

Thomas Collins Artis Chirurgicæ Professor Peritissimus, ut Symbolum
Amoris venerabili Chirurgorum Societate hoc donauit.

Five covered tankards, the first three having the Company’s arms engraved thereon.

1st. Perrott’s tankard (23 oz.). “The guift of Abraham Perrott.” He was admitted to the freedom 5th July, 1614, and gave the tankard in March, 1640. (_See head piece p. 492._)

2nd. Gray’s tankard (37 oz. 2 dwt.). “Ex dono Georgij Gray,” no date.

3rd. Dorrington’s tankard (39 oz.). “Ex dono John Dorrington Chirurg. 2{o} Aprilio A{o} 1663.”

4th. Fothergill’s tankard (24 oz. 15 dwt.). “The Gift of Thomas ffothergill to the Worshipfull Companie of Barber Chirurgions,” no date. (_See head piece p. 492._)

5th. Ruston’s tankard. “The Gift of W{m} Ruston, Master 1883-4.”

A handsome silver rose water dish (74 oz. 15 dwt.) with the Company’s arms engraved thereon, and inscribed “Ex dono Robertij Andrews Chirurg. 20 Aprilis An{o} 1663.”

Another large rose water dish (68 oz.) inscribed “Ex dono Tho. Gill.” Mr. Gill was admitted to the freedom 1st February, 1670.

Two large soup tureens, the gift of William Kippax, Master 1782.

Eight silver sauce boats, engraved with the Company’s arms and purchased in 1766.

Eight curious sauce ladles, with enriched fluted handles (probably late 17th century).

Six antique salt cellars.

Four small antique pepper castors.

A large and quaint sugar castor the gift of Robert Emerton, Master 1790, and another one the gift of David Lamb, Master 1794.

A Silver tea urn (83 oz. 4 dwt.) inscribed “Presented by William Wood, Clerk to the Company, 1790.” This elegant urn, which is oviform in shape, has been engraved in “Cripps’ College and Corporation plate” as a typical example. (_See head piece p. 492._)

About two dozen charming tea spoons, elaborately chased and engraved (circa 1730); these are also illustrated by Mr. Cripps.

A dozen antique shell pattern salt spoons.

Two curious and finely worked sugar tongs.

A fine old massive spoon (circa 1690), engraved “Ex dono Jonathan Cheynell.”

An antique wine strainer, and another, the gift of Robert Douglas, Master 1800.

A great quantity of spoons, forks, ladles, etc., not specially deserving of notice.

A case of fish knives and forks, the gift of George Austin, Master 1882.

Two old-fashioned silver cruet stands.

A silver punch ladle with ivory handle, and a guinea of 1714 in fine preservation inlaid, inscribed “The Queen Anne’s Guinea, Given by John Atkinson Esq{r} one of the members of the Court Sep{tr} 1846.”

Another ladle with ivory handle, inscribed, “Presented to the Barbers Company by John Atkinson Esq{r} 1851.” This ladle is inlaid with a very fine medal of 1704 in high relief, commemorating the Incorporation of the Sons of the Clergy by Queen Anne.

Another antique punch ladle of oval shape, with hard wood handle, believed to have been given by Mr. John Atkinson, the date is probably about 1620.

A massive silver badge 7-1/2-in. by 8-1/2-in. of late 17th Century work, formerly worn by the Barge master, and having the Company’s arms in relief on shield, surrounded by laurel bordering.

A plain and ugly silver medal 2-1/2-ins. diameter, with arms of the Company (badly done), on one side, and on the reverse, “Presented by John Carter, Master 1870-71.” This badge is worn by the first Warden.

A very handsome badge, 2-3/4 inches diameter, of silver gilt open work, and richly enamelled with the arms of the Company, and a loop representing the Tudor rose crowned. This badge is worn by the Master.

A pair of antique Beadle’s mace heads. These are of remarkably fine workmanship, very massive, and have the Company’s heraldry displayed in high relief on both sides; each weighs about 64 ounces. (_See illustration p. 302._)

Four very handsomely chased and wrought silver garlands or wreaths for crowning the Master and Wardens on Election Day, and which are still used and worn by them on Court days in receiving guests. These are the finest in the City of London; each has the Company’s arms and the badges of the rose and crown, with other devices artistically set forth, and are mounted with silk velvet, the Renter Warden’s being green, and the others red. These garlands were made in 1629. (_See_ p. 494.)

A silver mounted hammer, given by James Mumford or Monforde, King’s Surgeon and First Warden in 1540; the mountings are engraved with the Tudor rose, and the arms of France and England quarterly. At the end of the handle are the donor’s initials I.M. (_See illustration p. 503._)

A silver bell “The Gift of M{r} Robert Emerton Master to the Worshipful Company of Barbers 1790.”

A silver mounted snuff box, and another snuff box presented by Mr. Deputy Brass and handsomely carved out of a piece of oak removed from the roof of the old Hall. This is enclosed in another box velvet lined, with inscription on a silver plate--

The Barbers Company have well deserved
That Brass’s gift by Shoppee be preserved. Anno. 1866.

A silver salver, the gift of Charles J. Shoppee, Master 1878.

A silver claret jug, the gift of Alderman Wilkin, Master 1885.

A silver inkstand, the gift of Jonathan Denny, Master 1886.

A silver salver, the gift of Edward Charles Cornish, Master 1887.

A very handsome and massive silver jardinière and stand, the gift of John Cary Lovell, Assistant 1889.

A replica of the silver hammer given by James Monforde, with a silver mounted block for same, the gift of George Austin, jun., Master 1888.

It may not be considered out of place to record here, that the piano in the Court Room is the gift of Mr. Deputy Harvey, Master 1879.

PICTURES.

The following are some extracts from the Minutes, relating to Pictures.

24th June, 1601. It is this daye by consent of a wholl Courte
of Assistance ordered That if at any tyme hereafter any M{r} or
Governor of this company or any oth{r} pˀsone or pˀsones free of the
same mistery shall blott deface or put oute or cause to be blotted
defaced or put oute any of the pictures of any of this Company nowe
paynted or hereafter lawfully placed in any of the tables of pictures
hangeinge in the Com̃on hall of this mistery w{th}out the Consent of
a full Courte of Assistance That then hee or they so offendinge shall
forfeyte and paye for every such offence x{li} the one half thereof
to be to the use of the Chamberlen of the Cytie of London And the
oth{r} half to the use of the said mistery.

The above order was made in consequence of some members of the Court having painted out the faces on the pictures, and caused their own to be depicted in their stead.

28th June, 1604. This daye it is ordered that M{r} Will{m} Martin
M{r} ffrederick M{r} ffyneinge & M{r} ffenton shall pˀsently conferre
with Decreete concerninge the ffynisheinge of the tables of Picktures
remayneinge w{th} him and if hee will finishe the same w{th} reason
and drawe them to the Hall they are to compound w{th} him for the
same if not the table is to be taken awaye from him.

10th October, 1605. This day it is ordered that the Kingꝭ picture
shalbe by the said pˀnte M{rs} boughte and pˀvided at the charge of
this house.

Item paid for his Ma{t}ꝭ picture iiij{li}
Item geven to the paynters man that
broughte the said pycture ii{s} vj{d}

1st August, 1634. It is ordered that the 41 philosophers pictures
shalbe rebeautified and repaired by M{r} Greeneburye at the Costs of
this house soe it exceede not x{li.}

The “forty-one philosophers” were former Masters of Anatomy and Examiners of Surgeons, who as they were from time to time appointed, might if they chose, have their portraits put in what was called “The Table of the Anatomy” (and which was, I think, one large picture containing the effigies of forty-one persons), and the practice undoubtedly was, as occasion arose, to paint a face on old shoulders; indeed, there are many notices to this effect, as also orders of Court for blotting out the “faces” of such as had become obnoxious, or who had been removed for misconduct.

1st February, 1627. Item this daye upon the moc͠on of our M{r} it is
ordered by this Court that there shalbe a large wainscott frame made
and a picture maker shalbe agreed withall by the present M{rs} for
the portreying of the Anathomye and makeing of M{r} Docto{r} Gwins
picture and the Clarkes which Charge shalbe borne out of the stock
of this house, in which table shalbe placed the figures & visages of
every of the Assistants whoe are not painted in the Anathomye table
that now standeth upp in the Hall, every of the Assistants payeing
for the setting up of his owne picture.

29th March, 1647. This Court doth order That M{r} Henry Watsons
ffigure in the present Table of Anatomy be blotted out and M{r}
Charleyes Effigies placed in the roome thereof Provided that his
Executrix pay his Legacy to this House.

This Court doth order That there be a new Anathomy Table And that
all the Assistants whose Effigies are not in the present Table may
be sett up in the new Table at theire owne charge, and that Doctor
Goddards ffigure be there sett as Reader and Doctor Prudions Effigies
may be painted there if he desireth it And this Court doth order that
M{r} Watson a Brother of this Company shall make the said Table and
paint thereon the ffigure of an Anathomy with the severall ffigures
of the said Reader Doctor Prudion and our Clarke at the charge of
this House And that the ffigures of the present M{rs} of Anatomy be
there sett as Dissectors at theire owne charge.

9th August, 1647. This Court takeing into considerac͠oon the greate
benefitt and proffitt That have accrewed to this House by M{r} Edward
Arris a loveing Brother of this Company This Court doth order That
his picture be sett up in the Blanck Table in the Hall next the
Anathomy Table at the charge of this Howse.

19th August, 1647. Upon the earnest request of Mr. Edward Arris to
this Court That his Picture be nott sett up in the Hall according to
the Order of the last Court of Assistants This Court to satisfy Mr.
Arris modest request therein doth order that that order be annulled
and not put in execuc͠on.

Notwithstanding this order Mr. Arris’ portrait was painted, and is still at the Hall.

27th February, 1650. M{r} Arris and Doctor Scarboroughs pictures to
be sett in the void Table in the Hall at the charge of this House.

In 1720 the Court were possibly thinking of purchasing another Holbein, as the following note occurs in the minutes,

3rd March, 1720. Memorand{m} M{r} Lenthall at Burford in Oxfordshire
has a Picture of S{r} Thomas More and his familey drawn by Hans
Holben being a dispute between his Protestant Daughter and his
Catholick Daughter in the pˀsence of the father and the rest of the
familey.

21st April, 1720. It is referred to the Governors to treat with M{r}
Vertue the Ingraver about Ingraving King Henry the Eighths Picture
and to report his proposall to a Court of Assistants.

27th August, 1734. The question of engraving the Picture was again referred to a Committee.

17th September, 1734. The Committee reported, the result being that Mr. Bernard Baron entered into an agreement to engrave a plate; the details of the arrangements with him are all set out in the minutes, but are not sufficiently interesting to warrant transcribing.

Baron’s engraving is well known and sought after by collectors, but it has a peculiarity, being a complete reverse of the original picture. Each Assistant is presented with a copy on his election on to the Court.

We formerly had a portrait of Dr. Tyson, Anatomy Reader, but this was sold to one of his descendants in 1745 for ten guineas.

10th November, 1777. Mr. William Slade, an Assistant, presented a mezzotint engraving of the portrait of John Paterson, Esq., formerly Clerk of the Company; the original was painted by Sir Joshua Reynolds. This engraving is now hung in the committee room.

GUILDHALL, 31 October, 1832.
GENTLEMEN,

Having become possessed a few years since of a perfect copy of
Hollar’s engraved view of London A.D. 1647, representing the most
striking appearance of the metropolis as it existed previously to
the conflagration in 1666, and thinking it might be acceptable to
the Lovers of the Antiquities of this ancient and renowned City that
so authentic a Memorial of its then state should be preserved and
transmitted to future ages by Multiplication of Copies.

I have had it carefully and correctly Lithographed, and request
that your Worshipful Court will be pleased to accept the impression
herewith transmitted to be placed in the Archives of the Company of
Barbers.

I have the honor to be, GENTLEMEN,
Your most obed{t.} Servant,
W. L. NEWMAN,
_City Solicitor_.

To the Master Wardens and }
Assistants of the Worshipful }
Company of Barbers, London. }

This picture is now hung up in the corridor.

The following is but little more than a List of the Pictures now at Barbers’ Hall, a full account of which has been already written by Mr. C. J. Shoppee.

ALDERMAN ARRIS’ PICTURE. This picture was painted by Mr. Greenbury who was employed as Portrait Painter to the Company at this period.

DR. CHARLES SCARBOROUGH AND ALDERMAN ARRIS’ PICTURE. This picture was also painted by Mr. Greenbury as by the following extract from the Wardens’ Accounts for 1651 appears--

Paid to Greenburye for Painting the Picture of _li._ _s._ _d._
M{r} Edward Arris and Doctor Charles
Scarborough & Anathomye 9 10 0

LINNEUS’ PICTURE. This picture of Linneus was purchased 2nd July, 1844, for £3 3_s._, the particulars of the purchase and of the picture are set out in the Court Minutes of this date. Mr. Shoppee has surmised that this is a portrait of John Bancks, but though his portrait was _ordered_ to be painted, I do not find that it ever was, and it is not once mentioned in any of the numerous early inventories of pictures. The Minutes of 1844 are, however, so precise as to leave no further doubt on this point, viz., that it is a portrait of Linneus.

THE HOLBEIN PICTURE.

KING CHARLES II PICTURE, artist unknown. Purchased by the Company 1720-1721.

INIGO JONES’ PICTURE, by Sir A. Vandyke.

THOMAS LISLE’S PICTURE, artist unknown.

SIR JOHN FREDERICK’S PICTURE, artist unknown. Purchased by the Company, 1665-1666.

SERJEANT-SURGEON CHARLES BERNARD’S PICTURE. This picture was painted by Mr. Murray in 1711, the Company paying him £12 10_s._ for it.

THE DUCHESS OF RICHMOND’S PICTURE, by Sir Peter Lely.

HENRY JOHNSON’S PICTURE, artist unknown. Mr. Johnson was Master 1677; he has been erroneously described as “Serjeant Surgeon” and “Serjeant Knight,” but never held the first office, and there is no such dignity as “Serjeant Knight.” The fact is that Mr. Johnson dying in his year of Master, was succeeded by John Knight, Serjeant Surgeon (commonly called “Serjeant Knight”) and Mr. Knight’s name being so written under Mr. Johnson’s in an old list of Masters, has been taken as the title of an office!

EPHRAIM SKINNER’S PICTURE, artist unknown.

BERNARD BARON’S red crayon study of Holbein’s picture.

“TWO SPANISH PICTURES.” These were so called in the old Inventories. There was also in the Inventory of 1720 “A picture of the Prince Elector Palatine,” but this subsequently disappeared, though the “Spanish pictures” remained in the Inventories for many years. Mr. Shoppee suggests that they are the portraits of Frederick Casimir and his wife Elizabeth. At the top of one of them is a shield of arms, being the coat of Byrkes or Brykes.

QUEEN ANNE’S PICTURE, artist unknown.

All the foregoing Pictures are hung in the Court Room. In the Committee Room are various pictures, engravings and portraits of recent Masters.

In the Vestibule to the Court Room is an ancient list of Masters and Wardens on Vellum, enclosed with oak folding doors. It is not, however, very accurate. It was at the Hall in 1720, and probably for many years previously. The list was rewritten over the old lettering in 1865. (_See head piece, p. 1._)

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES OF EMINENT MEMBERS.

HENRY NEVILL, FOURTH LORD OF BURGAVENNY.

This Lord was the son of Sir George Nevill, third Lord of Burgavenny, by Mary, daughter of Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham.

He succeeded his father in 1535, and was admitted to the freedom of the Barber-Surgeons on the 26th August, 1584. In 1586 he was one of the Commissioners appointed to try Mary Queen of Scots.

For striking the Earl of Oxford in the Chamber of Presence, he was put under arrest, but managed shortly after to obtain a pardon and his freedom.

He married Frances, daughter of Thomas Earl of Rutland, by whom he left at his decease, 10th February, 1557, an only daughter Elizabeth (the wife of Sir Thomas Fane), who was subsequently created Baroness le Despencer.

LORD WINDSOR.

25th June, 1631. This daie o{r} M{r} signifieing to the Court the
affectionatenes of the right hono{ble} the Lord Thomas Windsor Knight
of the noble order of the bath and Barron Windsor of Bradenham, w{ch}
this Court Loveingly and gratefullie embraceing doe graunt his Lo{ps}
request and thereupon the said Lord was here in Court admitted and
sworne free brother of this Corporac͠on. Alsoe the said Thomas Lord
Windsor was by o{r} M{r} received into the Clothing or livery of this
Companie and had a livery hood layed upon his lo{ps} shoulder.

Lord Windsor at one time resided in Monkwell Street, close to the Hall; he was chosen a Knight of the Bath 1610, at the creation of Henry, Prince of Wales. He was subsequently Rear-Admiral of the Fleet sent by James I to bring Prince Charles out of Spain, and on that occasion entertained on board ship the Grandees of the Court of Spain with princely magnificence. His Lordship married Lady Katherine Somerset daughter of Edward, fourth Earl of Worcester, K.G., but dying without issue on the 6th June, 1642, he was succeeded by his nephew Thomas Windsor-Hickman, the son of his elder sister Elizabeth.

THE DUKE OF MONMOUTH, K.G.

James Scott, the natural son of Charles II, was born 9th April, 1649, and created Duke of Monmouth in 1663. The same year, on the 7th May, he was admitted to the freedom of the Barber-Surgeons, in company with Alexander Lord Leven, Richard Hopton, and Thomas Rosse, Esquires.

The history of this unfortunate man is well known, and culminated in his being beheaded on the 15th July, 1685.

ALEXANDER, SECOND EARL OF LEVEN.

This nobleman was the grandson of the celebrated General Sir Alexander Leslie, First Earl of Leven, whom he succeeded in 1662. On the 7th May, 1663, he was admitted to the freedom of the Barber-Surgeons, in company with the Duke of Monmouth.

He married Margaret, daughter of Sir William Howard, and sister of the Earl of Carlisle, but died without issue male, in 1663. His kinsman George, fourth Lord Melville, was a staunch adherent of the Duke of Monmouth, and involved in the rebellion, but was lucky enough to escape into Holland; he was, however, attainted and his estates forfeited in 1685, but coming back to England with William III his estates and dignity were restored to him.

SIR JOHN AYLEF.

SIR JOHN AYLEF was an eminent Surgeon and probably born about 1490. Diligent search has been made for his parentage, but without success. In his will he refers to seven “poor” people “being of my kynn dwelling in Grenewiche,” and from the fact that he had a grant of arms instead of inheriting a paternal coat, as also the silence of his immediate descendants when registering the pedigrees at the Heralds’ Visitations (who must have known but did not care to register Sir John’s father), it may be assumed that he was of humble origin.

He was admitted to the freedom of the Barbers prior to 1522 and served the office of Warden 1530, 1532 and 1535, being chosen Master 1538. At this time he was Surgeon to Henry VIII and had cured him of a fistula, for which the king granted him the manor of Gryttenham in Wiltshire, part of the lands of the Abbey of Malmesbury. Henry also bequeathed by his will 100 marks to Aylef.

Mr. Aylef, being elected on 1st August, 1548, served the office of Sheriff 1548-9, and in Wriothesley’s Chronicle under date 1549 we read--

The third daie of March being Shrove Sondaie M{r} Henry Amcottes Lord
Maior of London was presented to the Kinges Maiestie at his pallace
at Westminster. And after the oration made by M{r} Recorder to his
Maiestie and aunswere again by my Lord Chauncelor unto the maior
and aldermen, the Kinges Maiestie made my Lord Maior, Knight, and
M{r} William Locke, Alderman, and M{r} John Ayliffe, barbar surgeon,
sheriffes of London for this yeare, were made knightes also in the
Chambre of Presens, the Kinges Maiestie standing under his cloath of
estate.

_From the original painting by_ HOLBEIN, AT BARBER’S HALL.]

Two days afterwards Sir John had a grant of arms from Sir Thomas Hawley, Clarencieux, and shortly after was elected Alderman of Dowgate Ward. He seems to have relinquished his profession of a Surgeon and to have become a Merchant, holding the important office of Master of Blackwell Hall, one of the greatest commercial centres of the period, and residing at the Hall, in the parish of St. Michael Bassishaw.

On the 28th May, 1550, he was chosen the first Alderman of the newly-created ward of Bridge Without, some interesting particulars of which may be seen in Stow’s Survey (ed. 1633, p. 446); while in Wriothesley’s Chronicle, under date 1550, we also read--

Memorandum. Wednesday in the Whitson weeke, at a Court of the
Aldermen kept in the Guyldhall, Sir John Aliffe, Knight, and master
of Blackwell Hall, was sworne an alderman of the Bridg ward without,
and to have the jurisdiction of the Borough of Southwark, and 2
deputies to be appointed there to assist him, which was the first
alderman that ever was there, which was done by the advise of my Lord
Mayor and thˀ Aldermen, for the better order to be kept there, and
for the more quietnes of the Mayors hereafter to come, and the good
order of the Kinges subjectes there, accordinge to the lawes of the
City; and the Fryday after he rode with my Lord Mayor all the precint
of Southwarke, my Lord Mayor havinge a certeine nomber of the honest
persons of the borough at the bridg-house, to whom he shewed theyr
alderman, and appointed deputies under him, and so hereafter to see a
good order to be kept in the Borough, as in other wardes of the citye
of London.

Sir John subsequently removed to his old ward of Dowgate (and continued Alderman there till his death, his successor being chosen 12th November, 1556). After his election as Alderman he was translated to the Grocers’ Company, of which ancient guild he was crowned Upper Warden, 9th June, 1556, in view of his election as Lord Mayor for which he stood next in nomination, and to which office, had he lived but a few weeks longer, he would in all probability have been chosen. He was married to Isabel Buckell of Warwickshire, and by her had four children, John, Erkynwald, Mary and Alice. His son John and great grandson George, were both knighted. His widow, Dame Isabel, had a grant of arms by Thomas Hawley (3 & 4 Ph. & M.) ar. a fesse vaire or and az. betw. three doves ppr. bearing in their beaks a branch gu. Sir John Aylef’s funeral is thus recorded in Machyn’s Diary, 1556--

The xx of October was bered ser John Olyff knyght and altherman,
and sum-tym he was surgantt[314] unto kyng Henry the viij{th}, and
after he was shreyff of London; and he had levyd tylle the next yere
he had byn mayre, for he tornyd from the Surgens unto the Grosers;
and bered at sant Myghelles in Bassynghall, with a harold of armes
bayryng ys cott armur, and with a standard and a pennon of armes,
and iiij baners of emages, and ij grett whytt branchys, and iiij
grett tapurs and ... dosen of torchys; and mony powre men had gownes;
and with a elmett, targat, and sword; and the crest a crowne and a
holyfftre[315] standyng with-in the crowne.

[314] Serjeant Surgeon.
[315] Olive tree.

For the inscription on Sir John Aylef’s tomb, which formerly stood in St. Michael’s Bassishaw, _see_ page 89.

Sir John Aylef’s will, dated 26th September, 1556, was proved 24th December, 1556. He was, he says,

At this present somewhat sicke in bodye;--ffirst and principally I
give and com̃end my soule unto Almightie god and to my Savio{r} and
Redemer Jesus Christ his onely begotten sonne by and throughe the
merittꝭ of whose bytter passion I truste to have Remission of my
synnes and to the holie goste three parsons and one god and to all
the holye & blessed companye of heaven, and my bodye to be buried in
holie grave in suche decent order as to the goode discretion of my
Executors hereafter named shalbe thought mete and convenient for myne
Estate and degree withoute pompe or glorie.

To the parson of St. Michael Bassishaw for tithes and oblations forgotten 20_s._ To every priest singing in that church 10_s._ To the clerk of the same church 5_s._ To the sexton 3_s._ 4_d._ To the repair and maintenance of that church £5. To the parson of Pricklewell, Essex, for tithes and oblations forgotten, 20_s._ To the reparation of that church £4. To the chapel of Bridewell in London £5, and one vestment for a priest to say mass there when the chapel should be made ready. His goods and chattels in London he directs to be divided into three parts, whereof one-third to his wife, one-third to his daughters Marie and Alice and the other third to his executors to the performance of the will. Having already given his sons John and Erkynwald £300 apiece, he gives £100 more to each. To Elizabeth Harvard £10. To Robert Buckle (his wife’s brother) £10, and to each of his children 40_s._ To William Symson, his servant, £10. To John More, his servant, £10. To John Etonfelde £5. To Gyles Strowden, his clerk, £3. To Christopher Vaughan, his clerk, £2. To Thornton, his clerk, £2. To Bromefelde, his clerk, £2. To Millecent, “my Wyfes kinswoman servant in my howse,” £20. To “Joane her sister my maide,” £20. To every one of his servants in London and the country 20_s._ To Thomas Eson, if he remain in Lady Aylef’s service, £5. To George Vaughan,[316]--

[316] Master of the Barber-Surgeons 1569. He died 26th December, 1569.

My boke of Guydo and all my Instrumentꝭ Boxes and other that dothe
in any wise belonge to Surgerie. To Mr. Vykarie £5. Item I bequethe
to the company of Grocers for a repaste tenne poundꝭ. Item to their
clerke xx{s.} Item to their bedell xx{s.} Item I give to the companye
of barbors for a repaste at my buryall fyve poundꝭ and to the beddell
of the same company of barbors tenne shillings Item I give to the
governors of the hospitalls belonginge to the citie of London to make
them a dynner at my buryall fyve poundes and to every of the beddles
of the said hospitallꝭ one blacke Coote and iij{s} iiij{d} in money.

To the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge £10 each, “to be distributed to the comfort of the poore Scolers w{th}in the said univˀsites.” To poor householders in St. Michael Bassishaw “where I dwell” £4, and to those of St. Alban, Wood Street, £2. “Item to the pore householders in the parishe where the barbors hall dothe stande,” xx{s}. To poor householders in St. Michael, Queenhithe £2. To the poor prisoners in Newgate 40_s._, in the two Counters 40_s._, in Ludgate 40_s._, in the Marshalsea 20_s._, in the King’s Bench 20_s._, and in the Gatehouse at Westminster 10_s._ “Item to every of the sixe Lazar howses abowte London x{s}.” To the poor in Bethlem 20_s._ To the poor in the hospitals of the City £100 (over and above £100 he had already given). To five poor men and two poor women being “of my kynn dwelling in Grenewiche in Kent to eiche of them xl{s} and a gowne of suche Clothe to eiche of theym as shalbe given to the poore at my buryall And my mynde and will ys that yf any other of the poore of my kynn shall w{th}in one yeare and a daye next after my decease come to myne Executours approvinge them selfes sufficiently to be of my kynne & blinde That then every of them shall have xx{s}.” To his wife Isabel, the lease of his farm at Pricklewell with all the stock there “except my Ryding geldingꝭ,” also the lease of his woods there, on certain conditions. To his son Erkynwald the lease of his farm of Fambridge, in Essex, with remainder to Erkynwald’s son William, and after him to Martha (William’s sister), and in the event of all of them dying without issue to Christ’s Hospital, Bridewell, and St. Thomas’ Hospital. Testator recites that Henry VIII granted to him and his wife Isabel and their heirs the manor of “Greteman” (Gryttenham), Wilts, and that he was seised in fee of the parsonage of Wakeringe (near Rochford, Essex), and of a marsh called Alforde Nash, in the parish of Estwood (near Rochford). All of this property he bequeaths, after the death of Lady Isabel to his son John, with remainder to Erkynwald, then to Marie and Alice, and in the event of all them dying without issue to the three hospitals aforesaid. To the poor of the parish of Bassingham (eight miles S. W. of Lincoln) £20 for coals. (Query: Was Sir John born here?) To three score maids marriages in London £20. To Elizabeth Glasier 40_s._ Residue to the Lady Isabel. _Executors_, John Southcott (Under Sheriff of London), Richard Grafton, Grocer, and Lady Isabel Aylef. To Southcott and Grafton £20 each. _Overseers_, Sir Rowland Hill,[317] Laurence Withers, and John Machell,[318] Aldermen, and to each of them a black gown and £10, also a black gown to each of their wives.

[317] Lord Mayor, 1540. [318] Sheriff, 1554.

Sir John Aylef’s name has been spelt in many ways, Aylif, Ailiff, Alif, Olyff, Ailyffe, etc.; in his will it is spelt Aliff. But this family must not be confounded with that of John Oliphe, Alderman and Sheriff 1569, buried at St. Laurence Pountney, 4th July, 1577; although Wilson, in his History of that parish, at p. 232, mistakes John the son of that Alderman for John the son of our Alderman.

For some notices of the Aylefs _see_ Aubrey’s collections for Wilts, and Marshall’s Visitation of Wilts.

The pedigree is compiled principally from Harl. MSS. 897, 1165 and 1443.

THOMAS VICARY,[319] SERJEANT-SURGEON.

_From the original painting by_ HOLBEIN, AT BARBER’S HALL.]

Thomas Vicary was probably born between 1490 and 1500, and is stated in Manningham’s Diary to have been “at first a meane practiser in Maidstone untill the King advanced him for curing his sore legge.” In 1525 he was third Warden of the Barbers’ Company, and in 1528 Upper Warden and one of the Surgeons of Henry VIII with £20 a year. In 1530 he was Master of the Company and appointed Serjeant-Surgeon, which latter office he held until his death. In 1539 Henry granted him a beneficial lease for 21 years of the Rectory and tithes of the dissolved Abbey of Boxley in Kent. In 1541 Vicary was chosen Master of the Barber-Surgeons, to which office he was again elected in 1546, 1548, and 1557 having thus held the chief place in the Company no less than five times--an honour to which no other member has ever attained. In the Holbein picture Vicary is represented as receiving the Charter from the King. In 1542 he and his son William were appointed by the King Bailiffs of the Manor of Boxley, and five years later he married his second wife, Alice Bucke. In 1548 Vicary was appointed a Governor of St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, and soon afterwards became the Resident Surgical Governor there; in June, 1552, he was made “one of the assistants of this house (St. Bartholomew’s) for the terme of his lyffe.” In 1548 he published his celebrated book “The Anatomie of the bodie of man,” no copy of the first edition of which is now known to be extant. On the 27th January, 1561, Vicary made his will, which was proved in London 7th April, 1562. The will, which is set out in full in Dr. Furnivall’s book, is too long to give here _in extenso_, but the following extracts will be found of interest.

[319] This notice of Vicary is partially condensed from the exhaustive account of him, written by Dr. F. J. Furnivall, and published in the Early English Text Society. Extra series LIII.

Item I will that the masters of the livery of my Companie be at my
buriall, and they to have xl{s} for theire dinners, to be delivered
to the wardens at theire commyng to my buriall. And to Johnson the
Clarke of the Company, vj{s} viij{d} And in considerac͠on of my
evell and necligẽt service done to god and to his poore members,
the poore of this hospitall of St. Barthelmewes where I now dwell,
in recompence whereof, and for the discharge of my concience, I
give and bequeath to thuse of the saide poore, tenne poundes in
monney. Item I give and bequeath xl{s} in monney to and amongest
fortie poore householders of the saide pˀish of little sainte
Barthelmewes, that is to saye, to every householder xij{d.} Also I
give and bequeathe l{s} in monney to thospitler, matron, stuarde,
Cooke, and porter offecer of the saide hospitall, that is to saye,
to every of them x{s} . . . . To Thomas Skair, my apprentis, vj{s}
viij{d} . . . I give and bequeath to Roberte Baltropp[320] my best
gowne garded with velvet, furred and faced with Sables, my Cote of
braunched velvete, and a sering[321] of silver, parcell gilte. Also
I give and bequeath to Thomas Bayly[322] my gowne of browne blue
lyned and faced with blacke budge,[323] my cassocke of blacke satten
fured and garded with velvet, my best plaister box, garnisshed with
silver, my salvitory[324] of silver, and a sering[321] of silver,
with all other instrumentꝭ of silver. Item I bequeathe to Robert
Muddesley[325] my best single gowne faced with blacke satten. To
George Vaughan,[326] my doblet of crimson satten . . . Also I give
and bequeath unto the hawle of my company one booke called Guido[327]
and ij billes ij bowes ij shefes of Arrowes ij bracers ij shoting
gloves ij Sculles one hand gune and one Jack Item I give and bequeath
to master Skynner[328] one half hacke one Jack and one murren And to
Henry Picton my sˀvnte aforesaide one booke called Johˀes Vigo.[329]
All the residue of my bookes stuff and instrumentꝭ appertaining to
surgery I give and bequeath unto the same Henry Picton and Richard
Vener equally betwen them to be devided.

[320] Master 1565 and 1573, Serjeant-Surgeon.
[321] Syringe.
[322] Warden 1559.
[323] Lambskin with the wool dressed outwards.
[324] A kind of plaster box or small repository.
[325] Master 1572 and 1580.
[326] Master 1569.
[327] Guido de Cauliaco, one of the principal Surgery text books of
the time.
[328] Warden 1548.
[329] A well-known surgical work.

The remainder of his property was bequeathed to his nephews Thomas and Stephen (sons of his late brother William Vicary, of Boxley), and to his widow Alice.

RICHARD FERRIS, SERJEANT-SURGEON.

But little is known of Richard Ferris, though he was doubtless a man of repute, as Gale speaks approvingly of him, and he held the office of Serjeant-Surgeon in Queen Elizabeth’s time; his portrait is preserved by Holbein in our great picture, and Henry VIII, by his will, bequeathed him 100 marks. He was twice Master of the Barber-Surgeons, viz., in 1551 and 1562.

His will, dated 17th March, 1566, was proved on the 22nd April, 1566, wherein he describes himself as “Richard Ferres Serjant Surgion unto the quenes majestie, sick of bodie.” He gives to “Em,” his wife, his house, field, and orchard at Paddington for her life, with remainder to his daughter Thomazine, and to her also the lease of the house where he then dwelt in St. Giles, Cripplegate. In the event of their deaths without issue, the property to be sold and distributed amongst the poor in the discretion of his overseer, John Field[330] and Dr. Gregorie Wisdom, except 40_s._ to his cousin Johanne Sympson. To his daughter Thomazine his “Courte bedd and bedstede,” also a feather bed and bedstead furnished, half a garnish of pewter vessels, &c., and £30 which was owing to him by Dr. Cunningham (Reader at Barber-Surgeons’ Hall).

[330] Master 1577.

Item I give and bequeth unto the Companie of Barbo{rs} and Sˀgions
twentie Shillings in monney a grete Pandack and an other booke called
a verroyce. To John ffelde my late srˀvaunt all my other bookes bothe
of Surgerie and others excepet ffoure of theim w{ch} I give unto John
Griffine my Apprentice. Also I give and bequeth unto the said John
ffeld all my Sˀgerie stuff and all my Instrumẽtes both of silver and
other and also my gowne furred w{th} ffox w{ch} I comonlie Ride in.
Item I will and bequeth unto Thomas Baylie[331] one Booke called
Peter de argilate and the Staff w{ch} he gave me.

[331] Warden 1559.

The residue to his wife, and she appointed executrix with John Field overseer.

JOHN PEN.

Much time has been spent in the endeavour to ascertain John Pen’s parentage, but without success. Among the Domestic State Papers, Henry VIII, Vol. I (No. 4064) is the grant of a corrody or sustentation from the Monastery of Abbotsbury to Robert Pen “one of the Gentlemen of the Chapel” and to John Pen, his son, for life. The date of this document is 9th March, 1514, and as John Pen was a retainer of the King’s, which this grant would also seem to imply, and had a son whom he named Robert, there is the possibility that this Robert Pen, the Gentleman of the Chapel, was his father.

John Pen was admitted to the freedom of the Barbers in 1527, and his birth may probably be put at 1500-1505. He was by profession a barber, and evidently a friend of King Henry VIII, who advanced him from Groom of the Privy Chamber to the honorable position of King’s Barber, an office which was only bestowed upon the most trusty and confidential of the King’s attendants; the life of the sovereign being in his barber’s hands. (_See_ pp. 90 and 91.)

Pen served the office of Master in 1539, and his portrait is in the Holbein picture. He married, about 1530, Lucy, daughter and heiress of Edmond Chevall of Sissivernes, in Codicote, Herts, and by her he had a good estate. In 1545 Henry granted him the manor of Codicote and the demesne lands of the late dissolved Abbey of St. Alban’s for £826 9_s._ 4-1/2_d._, to hold by the forty-fifth part of a knight’s fee. The King also bequeathed him 100 marks by his will. By an Inquisition taken at West Barnet 18th October, 5 & 6 Ph. & M., it was found that John Pen died 21st August, 1558, and that Thomas, his son and heir, was then of the age of 25 years and 9 months. John Pen’s Will, dated 15th August, 1558, was proved by his widow on the 6th May, 1559. Coleman in his list of Wills of the Pen family states that a second grant of Probate was taken of this Will by Gyles Pen on 10th October, 1560, but this is absolutely incorrect; on this date the Will of one Gyles Peny of Halstocke in Dorsetshire was proved, and Mr. Coleman has confounded this in a remarkable way with John Pen’s Will, with which it has no connection whatever. That Pen was not, or did not know that he was, a connection of the Pens of Bucks, is most likely, as he obtained a grant of arms for himself, in which the combs on either side of the lion of England are typical of his office of King’s Barber. These arms were 1{st} & 4{th} Ar. on a fesse gu. betw. three peacocks az. a lyon pass. guar. or betw. two combs of the first (Pen) 2{d} & 3{rd} Or three horses’ heads couped sa. bridled ar. (Cheval).

The following is the text of his will:--

IN THE NAME OF GOD AMEN The xv{th} day of August Annis v{to} et
vj{to} Regꝭ et Regine I John Penne Esquyre being sicke in body but
whole and pˀfitt in mynde make this my Testament conteynyng therin
my last will in manˀ and fourme following that is to saye ffirst my
soule I bequeth almightie god &c and my body to be buryed in the
church of Codynte &c Item I bequeth to the high Alter of Codynte
&c xx{d} Item to the high Alter of Welwyn xx{d} Item my will and
pleasure is That all wills and declaracons therof heretofore mayde
by me at any tyme heretofore to be voyed and of none effecte and
that this my last will and Testament be takyn reputed to be my
last will and none other Item I give to evˀy of my doughters Elen
Elizabeth and Dorothye fortie poundes in money to be paied at their
marriage daye or when they shall come to thˀage of xvj{th} yeres.
Yf any of theis iij childern dep̃te this world before their mˀriage
or xvj{th} yeres of age That then the survivors to have the ptꝭ of
theym that ar depˀted to god. The saied legacꝭ of my saied childern
to be levyed out of the manˀ of Sycesvrñs w{th} thappurtenncꝭ Item I
give to Robert Penne his wif two kyne. Item my wyll and pleasure is
and also I give to Robert Pen my soune and to his heires my myll of
Codynte payng yerely to Willm̃ my sonne twentie shillingꝭ during his
naturall lif. The Resydewe of my goodes my debtes and legacꝭ paid I
give to Lucy my wif whom I make my sole executrix. Witnesses by me
John Pen by me michaell hogkyn.

NICHOLAS ALCOCKE.

He was admitted to the freedom in 1523, and was Surgeon to Edward VI; his portrait is in the Holbein picture. He died in the early part of 1550, and his will dated 15th February, 1549-50, was proved 6th May, 1550. In it he describes himself as “One of the Surgions to the Kingꝭ Ma{tie}” and directs that his body shall be buried in the Church of St. Stephen, Coleman Street, near where his children are buried. He leaves one-third of his goods, &c., to his executors for the purposes of his will, one-third to Margaret his wife, and one-third to Elizabeth his daughter on her twenty-first birthday or marriage. To the poor of Swyneshed, Lincolnshire, £5. Six “sermons” to be made for him at St. Stephen’s. For poor maids marriages £4. To Bartholomew’s Hospital 40_s._ To George Brykesworth of Glastonbury, Surgeon, his best lute, and to Elizabeth Alcocke (testator’s daughter) his virginalls. To Richard Sygans, his servant “a sleveles jacket of cloth browne blewe a woorsted doblett a pair of hosen. A payre of bootꝭ and a paire of spurres.” To Ann his maidservant a bedstead, a mattress and a coverlet. “I bequeth to Robert Balthorpe late my apprentice my booke called Guido in Englysshe.” To Eliz{th} Smith a bedstead and mattress. To his two god-daughters, the children of Robert Wilson and John Stocks, to each a pewter dish and saucer.

I bequeth to John Mason[332] late my apprentice my bookꝭ called
Lanfrank, Johẽs Arden and an other olde booke w{t} a bare woodden
covˀ in Englysshe and the practise of ypocratꝭ. To my wifes father
Thomas Turnor my newe coloured gowne garded w{t} velvett and faced
w{t} foynes and my best rydinge cote garded w{t} velvett and my
dublett of redde taffeta Also I bequeth to the eldest sonne of
my father in lawe my foxe furred gowne and a dublett w{t} blewe
taffeta sleves and my black mournynge cote. Itm̃ I bequeth to Robr̃t
Balthrope some tyme my apprentice my Russett woorsted gowne faced
w{t} calabre{r} and garded w{t} velvett.

[332] Warden 1575.

He bequeaths his great house and premises called “ffreshe wharff” in St. Botolph’s Billingsgate, of the annual value of £24 to his daughter Elizabeth, but in the event of her decease before she came of age this wharf to be sold and divided in certain proportions between Bartholomew’s Hospital, Thomas Turner, his father-in-law, Thomas and Richard Turner his sons, the poore of Coleman Street, poor maids’ marriages, and the mending of highways.

He bequeaths some pastures and meadows at Enfield to his wife. He directs his parsonage of Kirkbye, Lincolnshire, with all the tithes and profits to be sold, and 100 marks to be given to Roger Alcocke, his brother’s son, 20 marks to his godson Nicholas Spencer, and the residue to be devoted to works of charity in the discretion of his executors. Thomas Archer, gentleman, and Randolph Atkinson, Merchant Taylor, are appointed Executors, and John Wysdome, painter staynor, and John Shireff, Barber-Surgeon, overseers.

ROBERT BALTHROP, SERJEANT-SURGEON.

ROBERT BALTHROP was born in 1522, and about the year 1538 apprenticed to Nicholas Alcock (Surgeon to King Edward VI). He was admitted to the freedom 3rd March, 1545, and to the Livery 20th October, 1552. He served the office of Warden in 1560 and 1564, and was Master of the Company in 1565 and again in 1573. About the year 1562 he was appointed Serjeant-Surgeon to Queen Elizabeth and held that office until his death (9th December, 1591).

He is buried in the church of St. Bartholomew the Less, where there is (behind the organ) on the south wall of the church, a handsome monument to his memory with this inscription--

Here Robert Balthrope lyes intombd, to Elizabeth our Queene,
Who Sergeant of the Surgeons sworne neere thrtye yeeres hathe
beene.
He died at syxtie nine of yeeres December’s ninthe the daye
The yeere of Grace eight hundred twice deductinge nine a waye
Let heere his rotten bones repose, till angells trompet sounde,
To warne the worlde of present chaunge, and raise the deade
from grounde.
VIVIT POST FUNERA VIRTUS.

Balthrop’s will was made about a fortnight before his death (27th November), and therein he directs his body to be buried in St. Bartholomew’s the Less, in which parish he then resided. He seems to have amassed a considerable estate and to have made a rather lengthy will, but as a great deal of it is of much interest, especially his inventory of surgical instruments and books, no apology is needed for quoting largely from it.

I do give and bequeathe my sowle to the holy and blessed Trinitie
the ffather the sonne and the holy ghost three persons and one
God allmightie hoping and stedfastly beleevinge to be forgiven
and pardoned of all my sinnes and to enjoye the everlastinge and
unspeakable felicities of heaven through the merrittꝭ and passion
of my only redeemer and saviour Jesus Christ to whome be given all
glorie honor and praise nowe and for ever Amen.

To poor people in the discretion of his executrix £10. To John Mason,[333] Chirurgian, dwelling in Long Lane 40_s._, and a few other small legacies. “To my servauntes,” John Deighton, Richard Neill, John Edwards and William Taylor 40_s._ each. To each of his wife’s maids 20_s._

[333] Warden in 1575, his fellow apprentice with Nich. Alcock.

Also I give to the Company and bequeath to the company of the Barbors
and Chirurgions of the Cittie of London for their use in their hall
one bell [? beer] bowle with a cover beinge both of silver and gilte
weighinge thirty ounces half an ownce and half a quarter of an ownce.
Also I give to the M{r} and Governours of the said Company to make
them and the rest of the Cloathinge a Dynner in theire hall after
my buryall ffyve poundes. Also I give and bequeath to the poore
people of the said Company fyve poundes. . . Also I bequeath to my
moth{r} M{ris} Love my golde ringe which hath in it a stone called
a Turkey. . . Also I bequeath to my felowe Goodorus[334] one of my
Launcettꝭ that is sett in golde and enamyled Also I bequeth to my
felowe Baker[335] her maiesties Chirurgion my Syringe of silver
gilted and three pypes of silver gilted belonginge to the same.

[334] Serjeant-Surgeon and Master 1594. [335] Master 1597.

To Mr. Bennett, one of the Queen’s footmen, “my Brooch of golde compassed aboute with ragg Rubies.” Upon payment of £10, John Gryffyn,[336] surgeon, was to have the lease of his house. To testator’s nephew, William Balthrop £50 “and my greate Ringe of golde with my seale of Armes.” To his Nephew Richard Balthrop at the end of his apprenticeship £50 “and my lesser Ringe of golde with my seale of Armes.” And to these nephews his lands and tenements at East Greenwich. To John Gryffyn

[336] Surgeon to St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, 1586-1593.

My fyne clothe gowne welted with velvett and faced with
Damaske. . . . To John Deighton my servaunte my blacke cloth cloake
layed with lace and faced with velvett my blacke satten Dublett and
my rounde velvett hose. To Richard Neel my servaunt a cloak, doublett
and hose. To John Edwards my servaunt my white canvas Dublett that
is at the parke with my Rownde velvett hose and my pheasaunt colored
cloake with the sleeves and cape faced with russett velvett. Also
I give and bequeath to my servauntꝭ that nowe are with me and have
bene my servauntes in tyme past which do practize and exercise the
art of Chirurgery such thingꝭ of mine belonginge and appertayninge to
chirurgerie as are by me given and appointed to them in the Schedule
hereunto annexed.

To Dorothy, his wife, he gave all the residue of his lands, houses, buildings, goods, chattels, plate, chains of gold, jewels, ready money, &c., and appointed her executrix. Probate was granted 16th December, 1591.

SCHEDULE.