Chapter XII: 12.1 Acts xi. 19

[12.2] Josephus, _Wars of the Jews_, ii. 4. Rome and Alexandria were
the two chief ones; compare Strabo xvi. ii. 5.

[12.3] Compare Otfried Müller, _Antiochian Antiquities_, Göttingen,
1839, p. 68. John Chrysostom, on _Saint Ignatius_, 4 (opp.
t. ii. p. 597, edit. Montfaucon): _On Matthew_, Homilies
lxxxv. 4. (vol. viii. p. 810). He estimates the population
of Antioch at two hundred thousand souls, without counting
slaves, infants, and the immense suburbs. The present city has
a population of not more than seven thousand.

[12.4] The corresponding streets of Palmyra, Gerasium, Gadara, and
Sebaste, were probably imitations of the grand _Corso_ of
Antioch.

[12.5] Some traces of it are found in the direction of _Bâb Bolos_.

[12.6] Dion Chrysostome, Orat. xlvii. (vol. ii. p. 229, edit.
Reiske), Libanius, _Antiochicus_, p. 337, 340, 342, 356 (edit.
Reiske), Malala, p. 232, et seq., 276, 280, et seq. (Bonn,
edition.) The constructor of these great works was Antiochus
Epiphanes.

[12.7] Libanius, _Antioch._ 342, 344.

[12.8] Pausanias, vi. ii. 7; Malala, p. 201; Visconti Mus.
Pio-clemen., vol. iii. 46. See especially the medals of
Antioch.

[12.9] Pierian, Bottian, Penean, Tempean, Castalian, Olympic games,
Jopolis (which was referred to Io). The city pretended to be
indebted for its celebrity to Inachus, to Orestes, to Daphne
and to Triptolemus.

[12.10] See Malala, p. 199; Spartian, _Life of Adrian_, p. 14; Julian,
_Misopogon_, p. 361, 362; Ammian Marcellin., xxii. 14; Eckhel,
_Doct. num vet._ part i. 3, p. 326; Guigniaut, _Religions de
l'Ant._ planches No. 268.

[12.11] John Chrysostom, _Ad pop. Antioch._ homil. xix. 1; (vol. ii.
p. 189.) De sanctis martyr. i. (vol. ii. p. 651.)

[12.12] Libanius, Antioch., p. 348.

[12.13] Act. SS. Maii, v. p. 383, 409, 414, 415, 416; Assemani, _Bib.
or._, ii. 323.

[12.14] Juvenal Sat., iii. 62, et seq.; Stacc. _Silves_, i. vi. 72.

[12.15] Tacitus _Ann._ ii. 69.

[12.16] Malala, p. 284, 287, et seq.; Libanius, _De Angariis_, p.
555, et seq.; _De carcere vinctis_, p. 445, et seq.; _ad
Timocratem_, p. 385; _Antioch_, 323; Philost., _Vit Apoll._
i. 16; Lucian, _De Saltatione_, 76; Diod. Sic. fragm. lib.
xxxiv. No. 34 (p. 358, ed. Dindorf); John Chrysos. Homil. vii.
in Matt. 5 (vol. vii. p. 113); lxxiii. _in Matt._ 3 (ibid. p.
712); _De consubst. contra Anon._, 1 (vol i., p. 501); _De
Anna_, 1 (vol. iv. p. 730), _De David et Saüle_ iii. 1 (vol.
iv. 768, 770); Julian Misopogon, p. 343, 350, edit. Spanheim;
_Actes de Sainte Thècle_, attributed to Basil of Seleucia,
published by P. Pantius (Auvers, 1608) p. 70.

[12.17] Philostr. _Apoll._ iii. 58; Ausonius, _Clar. Urb._, 2; J.
Capitolin _Verus_, 7; _Marcus Aurelius_, 25; Herodian ii. 10;
John of Antioch in the Excerpta Valesiana, p. 844; Suidas, at
the word Ἰοβιανός.

[12.18] Julian _Misopogon_, p. 344, 365, etc.; Eunap. _Vie des Soph._,
p. 496, edit. Boissònade (Didot); _Ammien Marcellin_ xxii. 14.

[12.19] John Chrysos. _De Lazaro_, ii. 11 (vol. 1. p. 722, 723).

[12.20] Cic. pro. Archiâ, 3, making allowance for the usual
exaggeration of an advocate.

[12.21] Philostratus _Vie d' Apollonius_, iii. 58.

[12.22] Malala, p. 287, 289.

[12.23] John Chrysos., Homil. vii. _On Matt._ 5, 6. (vol. vii. p.
113); See O. Müller, _Antiq. Antioch._, p. 33 note.

[12.24] Libanius, _Antiochichus_, p. 355-366.

[12.25] Juvenal, iii. 62 et seq. and Forcellini, in the word
_ambubaja_, where he observes that the word _ambuba_ is Syriac.

[12.26] Libanius, _Antioch_ p. 315; _De carcere vinctis_, p. 455;
Julian Misopogon, p. 367, edit. Spanheim.

[12.27] Libanius, _Pro rhetoribus_, p. 211.

[12.28] Libanius, _Antiochichus_, p. 363.

[12.29] Libanius, _Antiochichus_, p. 354 et seq.

[12.30] The actual enclosure, which is of the time of Justinian,
presents the same particulars.

[12.31] Libanius, _Antioch._, p. 337, 338, 339.

[12.32] The lake _Ak Denir_, which forms on this side the actual limit
of the territory of Antakieh, had, as it appears, no existence
in olden times. See Ritter, _Erdkunde_, xvii. p. 1149, 1613 et
seq.

[12.33] Josephus _Ant._, xii. iii. 1; xiv. xii. 6; _Wars of the Jews_,
ii. xviii. 5; vii. iii. 2-4.

[12.34] Josephus, _against Apion_, ii. 4; _Wars of the Jews_, vii.
iii. 2-4.

[12.35] Malala, p. 244, 245; Jos., _Wars of the Jews_, vii. v. 2.

[12.36] _Acts_ vi. 5.

[12.37] Ibid. xi. 19, et seq.

[12.38] Compare Josephus, _Wars of the Jews_, ii. xviii. 2.

[12.39] _Acts_ xv. 20, 21. The proper reading is Ἕλληνας Ἕλληνιστας
comes from a false agreement with ix. 29.

[12.40] Malala, p. 245. The narrative of Malala cannot, indeed, be
exact, Josephus says not a word respecting the invasion of
which the chronographer makes mention.

[12.41] Malala, p 243, 265-266. Compare "_Memoirs of Academy of
Inscriptions and Belles-Lettres_," session of 17 August, 1865.

[12.42] S Athanasius, _Tomus ad Antioch_. (Opp. vol. i. p. 771, edit.
Montfaucon); S. John ChAsianos Daldianoi Simônianoi,
Kêointhianoi, Sêthianoi christos christeiosrysostom, _Ad
pop. Antioch_, Homil. i.
and ii. beginning (vol. ii. p. i and xx.); _In Inscr._ Act.
ii. beginning (vol. iii. 60); _Chron. Pasch._, p. 296 (Paris);
Theodoret, Hist. Eccl., ii. 27; iii. 2. 8. 9. The agreement
of these passages does not permit of ἐν τῆ καλουμένη Παλαιᾷ
being rendered by "in that which was called the old town," as
the editors have sometimes done.

[12.43] Malala, p. 242.

[12.44] Pococke, _Descript. of the East_, vol. ii. part i. p. 192
(London 1745), Chesney, _Expedition for the Survey of the
Rivers Euphrates and Tigris_, i. 425, et seq.

[12.45] That is to say, opposite to that part of the old town which is
still inhabited.

[12.46] See below.

[12.47] The type of the Maronites is reproduced in a striking manner
in the country of Antakieh, Soneideieb, and Beylan.

[12.48] F. Naironi, _Anoplia fidei Cathol._ (Rome, 1694), p 58,
et seq., and the work of S. Em. Paul Peter Masad, present
patriarch of the Maronites, entitled Kitab ed. durr ed.
manzoum (in Arabic, printed at the convent of Zamisch in the
Kesronan, 1863).

[12.49] _Acts_ xi. 19, 20; xiii. 1.

[12.50] Gal. ii. 11, et seq., presumes it to be so.