Chapter XVIII: Appendix: E

PARTIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE SUBJECT.

HISTORICAL.

NORMAN, _Armenia and the Campaign of 1877_. London, 1878.

MILNER, _The Turkish Empire_. London: Religious Tract Society.

CLARK, _The Arabs and the Turks_. New York: Dodd & Mead.

TOZER, _The Church and the Eastern Empire_. New York: Randolph. London: Longmans.

LATIMER, _Russia and Turkey in the XIX. Century_. Chicago: McClurg & Co., 1894.

MORFILL, _Russia_. New York: Putnams. London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1893.

LANE POOLE, _Turkey_. New York: Putnams. London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1893.

CHURCHILL, _Druzes and Maronites_. London: Quaritch, 1862.

Viscount STRATFORD DE REDCLIFFE, _The Eastern Question_. London: John Murray, 1881.

LATHAM, _Russian and Turk_. London: Allen, 1878.

LAYARD, _Nineveh and its Remains_. London: Murray.

RAWLINSON, _The Five Great Monarchies_. Murray.

RAWLINSON, _The Sixth Great Oriental Monarchy_. Longmans.

RAWLINSON, _The Seventh Great Oriental Monarchy_. Longmans.

TRAVEL.

SMITH and DWIGHT, _Researches in Armenia_. 2 vols. Boston: Crocker & Brewster, 1833.

STEPHENS, _Greece, Turkey, Russia, and Poland_. 2 vols. New York: Harpers, 1839.

SOUTHGATE, _A Tour through Armenia, Persia, and Mesopotamia_. 2 vols. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1840.

VAN LENNEP, _Travels in Asia Minor_. 2 vols. New York: Van Lennep, 1870.

VAN LENNEP, _Bible Lands: Their Modern Customs and Manners_. New York: Harpers, 1875.

THEILMANN, _Journey in the Caucasus, Persia, and Turkey_. 2 vols. London: 1875.

CREAGH, _Armenians, Koords, and Turks_. London: 1880.

TOZER, _Turkish Armenia and Eastern Asia Minor_. London: 1881.

BISHOP, _Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan_. 2 vols. New York: Putnams. London: John Murray, 1891.

MOHAMMEDANISM.

SALE’S, _The Koran_. 2 vols. Philadelphia: Wardle, 1833.

SMITH, R. Bosworth, _Mohammed and Mohammedanism_. London: John Murray. New York: Harpers, 1875.

WASHBURN, _The Points of Contact and Contrast between Christianity and Mohammedanism_. Chicago: The Parliament Publishing Company, 1893.

BURTON, _Pilgrimage to El Medinah and Mecca_. New York: Putnams. Belfast: Mullan.

MUIR, _Life of Mahomet_. London.

SPRENGER, _Life of Mohammed_. Allahabad, 1851.

IRVING, _Life of Mahomet_. Putnams.

STOBART, _Islam and its Founder_. Christian Knowledge Soc.

PFANDER, _Mezan el Hoc_. London: Church Missionary Society.

HUGHES, _Notes on Muhammadanism_. London: Allen, 1877.

OSBORN, _Islam under the Arabs_. London: Longmans, Green.

MUIR, _The Coran_. London: Christian Knowledge Society.

KOELLE, _Mohammed and Mohammedanism_. London: Rivington’s, 1889.

ARNOLD, _Islam and Christianity_. London: Longmans.

AMEER ALI, _The Spirit of Islam_.

AMEER ALI, _Life and Teachings of Mohammed_. London: Williams.

MISSIONS.

_The Missionary Herald, 1820–1894._ Boston: The American Board.

DWIGHT, _Christianity Revived in the East_. New York: Baker & Scribner, 1850.

ANDERSON, _Missions to the Oriental Churches_. 2 vols. Boston: Congregational Publishing Society, 1872.

WHEELER, _Letters from Eden_. Boston: American Tract Society, 1868.

WHEELER, _Ten Years on the Euphrates_. Boston: American Tract Society, 1860.

WHEELER, _Daughters of Armenia_. New York: American Board, 1891.

PRIME, _Forty Years in the Turkish Empire_, or Memoirs of Rev. William Goodell, D.D., Boston: American Tract Society, 1877.

LAURIE, _Missions and Science_. Boston: American Board, 1885.

LAURIE, _Dr. Grant and the Mountain Nestorians_. Boston: Gould & Lincoln, 1853.

JESSUP, _The Mohammedan Missionary Problem_. Philadelphia: Presbyterian Board of Publication, 1879.

SCHAUFFLER, _Autobiography_. New York: Randolph, 1888.

HAMLIN, _Among the Turks_. New York: Robt. Carter & Bro.

HAMLIN, _My Life and Times_. Boston: Congregational S. S. and Pub. Soc.

ARMENIAN HISTORY.

MOSES CHORENENSIS, _Armenian History_, Arm. and Lat. London: William and George Whiston, 1736.

LANGLOIS, VICTOR, _Collection des Historiens anciens et modernes de l’Arménie_, en Français. Vol. i. Historiens grecs et syriens traduits anciennement en Arménien. Vol. II. Historiens arméniens de 5^e siècle. 8º. Paris, 1867.

DULAURIER, _Recueil des Historiens des Croisades. Documents Arméniens_. Paris, 1869. Folio with facsimile reproductions. Pp. 855. Arm. and French.

DULAURIER, _Étude sur l’Organisation Politique, Religieuse et Administrative du Royaume de la Petite-Arménie à l’époque des Croisades_. Paris, 1862.

LENORMANT, _Sur l’Ethnographie et l’Histoire de l’Arménie, avant les Achéménides_. In Lettres Assyriologiques. 1871.

_Inscriptions d’un Reliquaire Arménien._ With plates. Paris, 1883.

NEUMANN, _The History of Vartan by Elisaeus_. Translated from the Armenian. London, 1830.

MALAN, _The Life and Times of St. Gregory the Illuminator_. Translated from Armenian. London, 1868.

CHAMICH, _History of Armenia_. Translated from Armenian into English by Avdall. Calcutta, 1827.

STUBBS, WILLIAM, _The Mediæval Kingdoms of Cyprus and Armenia_. In Seventeen Lectures, etc. 1886.

_Genealogical Catalogue of the Kings of Armenia._ Oriental Translation Fund. Vol. ii. London, 1834.

GABRIELIAN, _The Armenians or People of Ararat_. Philadelphia: Allen, Lane & Scott, 1892.

ARMENIAN LITERATURE.

NÈVE, FÉLIX, _L’Arménie Chrétienne et sa Littérature_. Louvain, 1886.

_Catalogue des anciennes traductions Arméniennes, siècles iv.-xiii._ 8º pp. 783. Venezia, 1889.

DWIGHT, _Catalogue of all Works known to exist in the Armenian Language earlier than the Seventeenth Century_. American Oriental Society. Vol. iii. 1853.

FORTESCUE, _The Armenian Church, History, Literature, Doctrine_. London, 1872.

ISSAVERDENZ, _The Divine Ordinances according to the Catholic Armenian Ritual_. Venice, 1867.

ALISHAN, _Armenian Popular Songs_. Armenian and English. Venice, 1867.

LORD BYRON’S _Armenian Exercises and Poetry_. Armenian and English. Venice, 1870.

GENERAL INDEX.

A

ABERDEEN, Lord, 72

AGHTAMAR, 141, 145

ALEXANDER, 53, 133

AMERICANS
Position, 67, 148
Number, 149
Work, 141, 148–151
Influence, 152–154
Interests, 147–166

ANGLO-ARMENIAN ASSOC., 69

ANGLO-TURKISH CONVENTION
See England

ARMENIA
_Land_
Name, 44, 46
Extent, 45
Aspects, 44–46
Inhabitants, 45, 46
Condition, 9, 15, 32, 35, 39, 42, 46, 62–65
Autonomy, 69, 81
_Race_
Origin, 132
Number, 45, 142
Distribution, 44
Characteristics, 52, 140
Condition, chap. i., ii., iii., iv.
“Revolution,” Preface, Chap. i., 69, 81, 167
Progress, 79, 117, 154
_History_
Biblical, 132, 133
Classical, 134, 135
Armenian Sources, 144
In General, 53
_Church_
Apostolic Tradition, 136
Founder, 136
Doctrine, 137
Form, 137, 144
Heroic Struggle, 53
Decline, 139
Reform, 140, 143, 154
Catholicos, 137, 138
Political Significance, 138
Future, 138
_Literature_
Language, 132, 143
Pre-Christian, 143
Golden Age, 144
Second Period, 144
Modern Revival, 146
General Character, 144
_Massacre_
See Massacres

ARNAUT, 98

AUSTRIA, Preface, 104

AUTHOR, Purpose, Preface, 147

B

BAGDAD, 48

BAIBOURT, 46

BASHI-BAZOUK, 98, 102

BASHKALLA, 16, 49

BERLIN TREATY. See Treaties

BIBLIOGRAPHY, Appendix E

BILOTTI, Consul, 113

BISHOP, Mrs., 62, 67, 131, 154

BISMARCK, Preface, 78

BITLIS, 12, 16, 37, 43

BLUE-BOOKS. See England

BLOWITZ, M. de, 83

BOSNIA, 83, 84

BRITANNICA, Encyc., 48, 49

BRYCE, Hon. James, Preface, 69

BULGARIA, 73, 83, 96, 101, 126

BYRON, Lord, 154

BYZANTINE EMPIRE, 53, 134

C

CAIRO UNIVERSITY, 75

CASTLE, Kurdish, 49

CATHOLICOS. See Armenia

CENSORSHIP, 73, Append. C

CHERMSIDE, Consul, 113

CHIOS, 97

CHOSROES, 137

CHRISTIANITY, Toleration. See Mohammedanism

CHURCHILL, 96, 100

CIRCASSIANS, 73

CODE NAPOLEON, 89

COMMISSION of Inquiry. See Massacres

CONSULAR REPORTS.
British. See England
United States, 66

COUNCIL of Chalcedon, 157

COURTS. See Turkey

CRETE. See Massacres

CRIMEAN War, 72

CRISIS, 33, 35, 82, 84, Preface

CYPRUS Convention, 72, 76

D

DIARBEKIR, 48

DIPLOMACY
American, Preface, Append. A, B
European, Preface, Chap. v.
Turkish, 70, 77, 93

E

EASTERN QUESTION, Preface, 68, 85

EDUCATION, 87, 140, 143, 150, 155

EGYPT, 83

ENGLAND
Attitude, Preface
Responsibility, 69, 73, 76, 79, 103, 128. See Treaties
Efforts, 76–79, 123
Consular Reports, Preface, 48, 66, 68, 74, 77, 78, 112

ERZERUM, 46, 62, 66, 113

ERZINGAN, 21, 23, 46

EVERETT, Consul, 113

F

FANATICISM. See Mohammedanism

FRANCE, Preface, 78, 104, 107, 138, 140, 149

FREEMAN, 79, 85, 88, 117

G

GENGHIS KHAN, 136

GERMANY, Preface, 78, 104

GLADSTONE, on
Consular Reports, Preface
Sassoun Massacre, 121–125
Turkish Rule, 126–130

GOSCHEN, 78

GRANVILLE, 77

GREECE, 83, 89, 97, 127, 133, 154

GREGORY, The Illuminator. See Armenian Church

H

HALLWARD, Consul, 16

HAMLIN, Cyrus, 81, 167

HANNIBAL, 134

HARPOOT, 48

HATTI HUMAYOUN, 72

HATTI SHERIF, 71

HERODOTUS, 133

HERZEGOVINA, 83

HUGHES, 89

HUMANITY, Preface, 1, 33, 123, 127, 129

I

IBRAHIM PASHA, 71

IDENTICAL NOTE, 76

“ILLUMINATOR,” 53, 137, 138. See Armenian Church

IMPERIAL RESCRIPT, 71

INDEPENDENT, The, 54, 95, 101

INFORMATION
Channels, 66
Danger of, Preface, 1, 15, 16, 54, 62
Sultan’s, 13, 89, 92, 93

ISLAM. See Mohammedanism

ITALY, Preface, 104

J

JACOBITE, 54, 89

JESSUP, 75

JESUIT, 137

JEWS, 68, 89

K

KALLAY, M. de, 84

KERMANSHAH, 46

KHRIMIAN, Catholicos, 138
Motto on Title-page

KHOSHAB, Castle, 50

KNAPP, Attack on, 157

KORAN. See Mohammedanism

KURDISTAN
Country, 46
Kurds, 48–52
“Hamediéh” Troops, 1–30, 126
Outrages, 54–69, 157–164

L

LATHAM, 96

LAYARD, 96, 99

LEBANON, 93

LEON VI., 136

LLOYD, Consul-Gen., 66

M

MACCOLL, Canon, 72

MACGAHAN, 96, 103

MALATIAH, 46

MAMELUKES, 136

MARONITES, 99

MASSACRES in Turkey
_Greek_ (1822), 96–98
_Nestorian_ (1850), 96, 99
_Syrian_ (1860), 96, 99
_Cretan_ (1867), 104
_Bulgarian_ (1876), 96, 101
_Armenian_ (1877), 105–107
_Yezidi_ (1892), 108
_Armenian_ (1894), Chap. I.
Victims, Dedication
Evidence, 1–42
Uncalled for, 21, 23, 26, 36
Premeditated, 17, 18
Ordered, 7, 12, 14, 20, 28–30
Long Duration, 21, 31
Number Slain, 11, 15, 24
Manner, 20–23, 26, 31
Violation of Women, 15, 22, 27, 28, 39, 41
Denials, 12, 25, 27
Concealment, 11–15, 29–34, 40
Commission of Inquiry, Preface, 103
Gladstone’s Opinion, 121–125

MIDHAT PASHA, 86

MISSIONS. See Americans
Other Missions, 149

MOHAMMEDANISM
Founder, 110, 125
Koran, 89, 99, 111, 115
Exclusive, 115, 116
Spirit, 22, 74, 89, 110, 167
Rationalistic Types, 116
“Tolerance,” 42, 71, 74, 84, 107, 114, 127, 169
Converts from, 68, 114
Union with State, 111, 119

MOOSH, 43

MORFILL, 69

MOSUL, 48, 58

N

NEBUCHADNEZZAR, 53

NESTORIANS, 54, 89. See Massacres

NORMAN, 52, 85, 104

O

ORDOO, 72

OTTOMAN. See Turkey

P

PAGRATIDÆ, 134

PARRY, 107

PARTHIANS, 53, 134

PERSIA, 6, 43, 48, 53

PHIL-ARMENIC, 69

POPE, 88

PORTE, SUBLIME. See Sultan of Turkey

POWERS, EUROPEAN
Attitude, Preface, 67, 76, 81, 99, 104
Responsibility, 33, 41, 69, 88, 119, 122

PROTESTANTS
Origin, 153
Number, 150
Success, 147–154
Hostility to, 58, 71, 155

R

REYNOLDS, Attack on, 157, 163

REGISTER, The Christian, 127

RELIGION
Classification by, 152
Freedom of, 70–75, 110–120, 169
See Mohammedanism, Turkey

REVIEW OF REVIEWS, Preface

ROBERT COLLEGE, 115, 149, 155

ROLIN-JAEQUEMYNS, 78, 112

ROMANS, 53

RUPENIAN Dynasty, 136, 144

RUSSIA
Attitude, 53, 68, 104, 168
Feeling toward, 45, 52, 68, 73, 81

S

SALADIN, 48

SARACEN, 53

SASSANIDÆ, 134

SCHUYLER, EUGENE, 96, 101

SELJOUK, 53, 136

SELEUCIDÆ, 133

SHAH, 48

SHAW, DR. ALBERT, 7

SIOUFFI, 107

SMITH, R. BOSWORTH, 111

STAMBOUL, 70

STEIN, ROBERT, 96

STEVENSON, Preface, 121

STILLMAN, 104

STRATFORD DE REDCLIFFE, Lord, 69, 109

STRONG, DR. JOSIAH, Introduction

SUBLIME PORTE, 90–94, 155

SULTAN
_Mohammed II._, 87, 152
_Selim I._, 88
_Mahmoud_, 97
_Medjid_, 71, 72
_Abd-ul-Hamid_, Preface
Sincerity, 13, 87, 91, 155
Helplessness, 88
Isolation, 124
Absolutism, 90–94

SYRIAN, 89, 96, 100
See Massacres

T

TACITUS, 134

TAMERLANE, 136

TIGRANES II., 134

TIMES, THE LONDON, 104, 127

TOZER, 136

TREATIES, Chapter iv.
Adrianople, 70
Berlin, 69, 73, 76–81, 112
Cyprus, Preface, 73, 76
Paris, 72

TREBIZOND, 12, 43, 113

TURKEY
Americans in. See Americans, United States
Antecedents, 117–120, 124, 127
Attitude, Preface, 81
Future, 108–109, 120, 127–130
_Government_
Administration, 11, 35, 46, 74, 109, 123, 128, 153
Courts, 41, 65, 74, 112
Divided, 92
Favors Kurds, 17, 20, 30, 62
Hostile to Christians, 10–41, 53, 66, 89, 100, 110–120, 153
Reports, 48, 67
Union with Islam, 111
Massacres. See Massacres
Moslem Races, 86, 90
Reform, 10, 70–75, 83, 88, 94, 109, 117–120, 129
Treaties. See Treaties
Taxation, 16, 27, 34, 49, 59–62
Travel, 43, 131
Turks, 46, 86

U

UNITED STATES
Attitude, Introduction, Preface
Consulates, 66, 163
Diplomacy, 157
Armenians in, 45

V

VAN, 37, 43, 49
Governor of, 19, 64

VIOLATION OF WOMEN, 15, 22, 27, 28, 39, 41, 98, 101, 105–107, 129

W

WALLACE, GEN. LEWIS, 157–162

WASHBURN, PREST. GEORGE, 115

WILSON, CONSUL-GEN., 73, 112, 114

X

XENOPHON, 133

XERXES, 53

Y

YEZIDI Massacre, 106

YURUK, 98

Z

ZEIBEK, 83, 98

ZEKKI PASHA, 21

ZOROASTRIANS, 134

-----

Footnote 1:

“I am at a loss to know why the Reports of Consuls ceased to be
furnished in or about the year 1881. Consuls are supposed to keep
their eyes open and to report facts regarding the people among whom
they live, and it is altogether a new idea that their Reports are to
be regarded as confidential documents. If they are to be so, that is
simply condemning the Consuls’ Reports to perpetual barrenness and
absolute inutility. Why are not consular reports to be made, and being
made, why are they not to be printed? If in this respect I am
personally, or anyone associated with me, is open to censure, let the
facts be brought out; but do not let a particular act at a particular
time be confounded with the adoption of the principle of eternal
silence about the horrors that prevail in Armenia.”—Speech by the Rt.
Hon. W. E. Gladstone, in House of Commons, May 28, 1889.

Footnote 2:

_The Speaker_, London, January 12, 1895.

Footnote 3:

“A good deal of misapprehension exists with respect to the
constitution of the Commission of Inquiry. It is not an international
but a Turkish Commission, and, to judge by past experience, Turkish
Commissions are instruments by which truth is suppressed and issues
are obscured. It is satisfactory that representatives of Great
Britain, France, and Russia will have the opportunity of examining the
_procès-verbaux_, besides being present at the sittings of the
Commission; and credit is due to the British Foreign Office for having
taken the initiative in securing this concession; but it must be
remembered that the powers of the international representatives will
be strictly limited, and that they will not be able to guarantee the
security of the witnesses.”—F. S. Stevenson, M.P., “Armenia,” in _The
Contemporary Review_, February, 1895.

Footnote 4:

See APPENDIX B on the establishment of new U. S. Consulates in Eastern
Turkey. Also APPENDIX A on American Diplomacy.

Footnote 5:

Brother and predecessor of the present Consul Jewett, at Sivas.

Footnote 6:

_Encyc. Britannica_, “Kurdistan.”

Footnote 7:

_Encyc. Britannica_, “Kurdistan.”

Footnote 8:

_Armenia and the Campaign of 1877._

Footnote 9:

A piastre is a Turkish coin of about five cents, or two pence-half
penny. In this region the pay of a day laborer is from two to five
piastres.

Footnote 10:

Often called Nestorian.

Footnote 11:

Mrs. Isabella Bird Bishop, _Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan_, vol.
ii., p. 374, 375.

Footnote 12:

_The Contemporary Review_, May and June, 1891.

Footnote 13:

_The Case for the Armenians._ London: Anglo-Armenian Association.

Footnote 14:

_An Appeal to the Christians of America by the Christians of Armenia._
New York: Phil-Armenic Society.

Footnote 15:

Morfill’s _Russia_, p. 287. Putnam.

Footnote 16:

Rev. H. O. Dwight, _The Independent_, New York, January 17, 1895.

Footnote 17:

At the time of the Crimean War Lord Aberdeen said:

“Notwithstanding the favorable opinion entertained by many, it is
difficult to believe in the improvement of the Turks. It is true that,
under the pressure of the moment, benevolent decrees may be issued;
but these, except under the eye of some Foreign Minister, are entirely
neglected. Their whole system is radically vicious and inhuman. I do
not refer to fables which may be invented at St. Petersburg or Vienna,
but to numerous dispatches of Lord Stratford (de Redcliffe) himself,
and of our own consuls, who describe a frightful picture of lawless
oppression and cruelty.” (Sir Theodore Martin’s _Life of the Prince
Consort_, vol. ii., p. 528.) Quoted by Canon MacColl, _The
Contemporary Review_, January, 1895.

Footnote 18:

Judge.

Footnote 19:

Local districts.

Footnote 20:

Report of Mr. Wilson, _Blue-Book_, Turkey, No. 8 (1881), page 57, No.
48.

Footnote 21:

_The Mohammedan Missionary Problem_, p. 31. Jessup. Philadelphia,
Presb. Pub. Soc.

Footnote 22:

_Blue-Book_, Turkey, No. 6, 1881, reports of Wilson, Bennett,
Chermside, Trotter, Stewart, Clayton, Everett, and Bilotti.

Footnote 23:

_Blue-Book_, Turkey, 1881, p. 242.

Footnote 24:

Published by John Heywood, London, 1891, pp. 82–89.

Footnote 25:

Freeman, _The Turks in Europe_.

Footnote 26:

“Diplomatist,” “The Armenian Question” in _The New Review_, January,
1895.

Footnote 27:

Pp. 158–9. London: Cassell, Petter, & Galpin.

Footnote 28:

Speech in St. James’s Hall, December, 1876.

Footnote 29:

_The Nineteenth Century_, January, 1878.

Footnote 30:

From a descendant of Dahir Billah, the thirty-fifth caliph of Bagdad,
Sultan Selim I. “procured the cession of his claims, and obtained the
right to deem himself the shadow of God upon earth. Since then the
Ottoman padishah has been held to inherit the rights of Omar and
Haroun, and to be the legitimate commander of the faithful, and, as
such, possessed of plenary temporal and spiritual authority over the
followers of Mohammed.”[31] The Persians and Moors, however, reject
this claim, and at the close of the Russian War not a few of the Arab
muftis declared that the caliphate had been forfeited by the
inglorious defeat of the Turks, and should now return to the Arab
family of Koreish.

Footnote 31:

Freeman, _The Saracens_, p. 158. Quoted by Jessup, _The Mohammedan
Missionary Problem_, p. 21. Philadelphia: Presbyterian Board of
Publication, 1879.

Footnote 32:

Hughes, _Notes on Muhammadanism_, pp. 209, 210.

Footnote 33:

Hughes, _Notes on Muhammadanism_, p. 10.

Footnote 34:

Parts of this chapter are taken from an article, “Notes on the
Armenian Massacre,” in _The Independent_, New York, January 31, 1895,
by a high authority, who is compelled to sign himself “A Student of
Modern History.”

Footnote 35:

Latham, _Russian and Turk_, p. 417. London: W. H. Allen, 1878.

Footnote 36:

Layard’s _Nineveh_.

Footnote 37:

Colonel Churchill, _Druzes and Maronites_, p. 219. London: Quaritch,
1862.

Footnote 38:

Eugene Schuyler and Correspondent MacGahan, quoted in _The
Independent_, January 10, 1895.

Footnote 39: