Chapter I: Preface

The object of this book is to explain the modern systems of Book and Newspaper Illustration, and especially the methods of drawing for what is commonly called "process," on which so many artists are now engaged.

There is almost a revolution in illustration at the present time, and both old and young--teachers and scholars--are in want of a handbook for reference when turning to the new methods. The illustrator of to-day is called upon suddenly to take the place of the wood engraver in interpreting tone into line, and requires practical information which this book is intended to supply.

The most important branch of illustration treated of is _line drawing_, as it is practically out of reach of competition by the photographer, and is, moreover, the kind of drawing most easily reproduced and printed at the type press; but wash drawing, drawing upon grained papers, and the modern appliances for reproduction, are all treated of.

The best instructors in drawing for process are, after all, the _painters of pictures_ who know so well how to express themselves in black and white, and to whom I owe many obligations. There is a wide distinction between their treatment of "illustration" and the so-called "pen-and-ink" artist.

The "genius" who strikes out a wonderful path of his own, whose scratches and splashes appear in so many books and newspapers, is of the "butterfly" order of being--a creation, so to speak, of the processes, and is not to be emulated or imitated. There is no reason but custom why, in drawing for process, a man's coat should be made to look like straw, or the background (if there be a background) have the appearance of fireworks. No ability on the part of the illustrator will make these things tolerable in the near future. There is a reaction already, and signs of a better and more sober treatment of illustration, which only requires a _better understanding of the requirements and limitations of the processes_, to make it equal to some of the best work of the past.

The modern illustrator has much to learn--more than he imagines--in drawing for the processes. A study of examples by masters of line drawing--such as Holbein, Menzell, Fortuny or Sandys--or of the best work of the etchers, will not tell the student of to-day exactly what he requires to know; for they are nearly all misleading as to the principles upon which modern process work is based.

In painting we learn everything from the past--everything that it is best to know. In engraving also, we learn from the past the best way to interpret colour into line, but in drawing for the processes there is practically no "past" to refer to; at the same time the advance of the photographer into the domain of illustration renders it of vital importance to artists to put forth their best work in black and white, and it throws great responsibility upon art teachers to give a good groundwork of education to the illustrator of the future. In all this, education--_general education_--will take a wider part.

The ILLUSTRATIONS have been selected to show the possibilities of "process" work in educated, capable hands, rather than any _tours de force_ in drawing, or exploits of genius. They are all of modern work, and are printed on the same sheets as the letterpress.

_All the Illustrations in this book have been reproduced by mechanical processes, excepting nine_ (marked on the list), which are engraved on wood.

Acknowledgments are due to the Council of the Society of Arts for permission to reprint a portion of the Cantor Lectures on "Illustration" from their Journal; to the Editors of the _National Review_ and the _Nineteenth Century_, for permission to reprint several pages from articles in those reviews; to the Editors and Publishers who have lent illustrations; and above all, to the artists whose works adorn these pages.

H. B.

123, VICTORIA STREET, WESTMINSTER.

_May, 1894._

CONTENTS.

PAGE
CHAPTER I.--INTRODUCTORY 1

CHAPTER II.--ELEMENTARY ILLUSTRATION 15

Diagrams--Daily Illustrated Newspapers--Pictorial _v._ Verbal
Description.

CHAPTER III.--ARTISTIC ILLUSTRATIONS 40

Education of the Illustrator--Line Drawing for
Process--Sketching from Life--Examples of Line Drawing.

CHAPTER IV.--THE PROCESSES 102

"Photo zinco"--Gelatine Process--Grained Papers--Mechanical
Dots--"Half-tone" Process--Wash Drawing--Illustrations from
Photographs--_Sketch_, _Graphic_, &c.--Daniel Vierge.

CHAPTER V.--WOOD ENGRAVING 182

CHAPTER VI.--THE DECORATIVE PAGE 197

CHAPTER VII.--AUTHOR, ILLUSTRATOR, & PUBLISHER 211

STUDENTS' DRAWINGS 223