Chapter V: Part II: Beginnings

V. THE AGE OF PLAIN-SONG 128

Music in the Roman empire--Sources of early Christian
music; the hymns of St. Ambrose--Hebrew
traditions--Psalmody, responses, antiphons; the liturgy;
the Gregorian tradition; the antiphonary and the gradual;
sequences and tropes--Ecclesiastical modes; early notation.

VI. THE BEGINNINGS OF POLYPHONY 160

The third dimension in music--'Antiphony’ and Polyphony;
magadizing; organum and diaphony, parallel and
oblique--Guido d’Arezzo and his reputed inventions;
solmisation; progress of notation--Johannes Cotto and the
_Ad organum faciendum_; contrary motion and the beginning
of true polyphony--Measured music; mensural
notation--_Faux-bourdon_, _gymel_; forms of mensural
composition.

VII. SECULAR MUSIC IN THE MIDDLE AGES 186

Popular music; fusion of secular and ecclesiastical
spirit; Paganism and Christianity; the epic--Folksong;
early types in France, _complainte_, narrative song,
dance song; Germany and the North; occupational
songs--Vagrant musicians; jongleurs, minstrels; the love
song--Troubadours and Trouvères; Adam de la Halle--The
Minnesinger; the Meistersinger; influence on Reformation
and Renaissance.