Chapter XII: Introduction: 1.--The Shipwrights (9)

Friday morning, the 20th August, we weighed; having the benefit of a whole tide of ebb, we weathered the South Sand Head and stood in right thwart of Dover; but neither the town nor Castle took notice of us. So we put room into the Downs and anchored as near Sir John Pennington, then riding Admiral, as we conveniently could do, being about 8 of the clock in the morning; we were saluted by the Admiral and all the ships in the road, whom we answered again, giving the Admiral 21 pieces. This done we went on board the Admiral, Sir John Pennington, to whom we were continual guests while we stayed in the Downs.

Wednesday morning, being the 15th of August, we set sail out of the Downs, the wind at south and sometimes south-west. We turned to [and] fro with very foul weather till we came as high [as] thwart of Shoreham, or thereabouts (the Garland attending us, who was not able to keep way with us); which course we held till Saturday the 18th day [of] August; then finding in that time we had sufficient trial of the condition and working of the ship in all respects, and having but a small proportion of victuals to stay out longer, we resolved to bear up again for the Downs; which accordingly was done, and about 3 clock, afternoon, we anchored close to the Admiral, Sir John Pennington entertaining us on board his ship all the time we rode by him.

Tuesday morning, the 21st of August, I took leave of the Sovereign and the Admiral, and went on shore at Deal, where I found my man attending ready with my horses, being the _night_[602] before come thither, where I presently took horse and rode directly to Canterbury, having visited Sir Henry Palmer by the way. I baited some hour or more at Canterbury, and took horse again and came home to my house [at] New Dock[603] a little after four in the afternoon; giving God hearty thanks for my safe return, finding my wife, family and friends in a reasonable health.

The 28th of August, the Sovereign came safe to her moorings at St. Mary Creek, being Tuesday.

The 8th of September my dear wife sickened, taken with a violent fever, being then great with child.

The 19th of September, being Wednesday, between 8 and 9 clock in the morning, she departed this life in a most Christian manner, surrendering up her spirit into His hands that gave it her; the next day after, being Thursday, she was buried in a seemly manner in Chatham Church, close by the side of my first wife, leaving me a sorrowful and disconsolate husband.

Within few days after, deceased also my wife's one[604] sister and next neighbour, wife to Mr. John Short, Clerk of the Check to his Majesty's Navy.[605] They sickened together, she also being with child, and knew not of one and tother's death. Soon after died Mr. Etherington, their own father, at Mr. Short's house, who came thither purposely to visit them.

After I had a little passed over this great and sudden affliction, I prepared myself to go for London; and having set all things in order, on Thursday morning, the 27th of September, 1638, I took leave of my family at Chatham and rode to Gravesend, thence took boat to Woolwich where I stayed one night, and next day, accompanied with my son Peter, we went by water to Kingston, where we took up our lodging in a private house, the inns being full. The next day, being Sunday, we went by water to Hampton Court, where we presented ourselves to his Majesty, who was pleased to use us very graciously, where we spent that whole day, at night returning by water to our lodging at Kingston.

Next morning, my son and myself rode to Sion,[606] to wait upon the Lord Admiral, and was presently commanded by him to hasten to Chatham to prepare barges and boats to be sent to Dover for the receiving on shore the Queen Mother,[607] expected to arrive and land there

(_Here the manuscript ends._)

FOOTNOTES:

[178] MS. 'Phinees' (the form also adopted in his signature), the Greek form of the Hebrew name _Mouth of Brass_, given as 'Phinehas' by the translators of the Bible.

[179] MS. 'Deepforde Stronde.' The etymology of this well-known name does not appear to have been satisfactorily determined. Antiquaries have been content to explain it as the 'Strand' or shore of the deep ford over the Ravensbourne River, which enters the Thames at Deptford Creek. As a matter of fact, Deptford Strond lay on the shore of the Thames some distance to the west of the Ravensbourne. It seems more probable that Deptford Town, at the head of the creek near the bridge by which the Dover Road crosses, was the original settlement, and took its name from the deep creek (fiord), which was navigable for ships of 500 tons up to that bridge, and that Deptford Stronde was settled later from the 'Town' and took the addition 'Stronde' in contradistinction. The dockyard was on the site now occupied by the Foreign Cattle Market.

[180] Probably Thomas Howell, Rector of Paglesham.

[181] Throughout the MS. the name of the Deity is spelt without a capital letter: the use of capitals in this connection appears to be comparatively modern.

[182] 'Num' in MS., in which it occurs twice.

[183] _I.e._ apprentice.

[184] Benjamin Gonson, junior, and Buck were appointed jointly Clerk of the Ships, with reversion to the longer liver, by letters patent of 10 July 1596. Gonson died in 1600 and Buck succeeded him. Buck was knighted in 1604 and died in 1625.

[185] A private man-of-war, called later in the 17th century a 'privateer.'

[186] Or Glemham. This was the second voyage. Neither appears to have been a financial success. An account of this voyage under the title, _News from the Levane Seas_ ... was published in 1594.

[187] Prize.

[188] MS. 'Divelinge,' apparently a phonetic attempt at the old name of Dublin, '_Duibhlinn_,' pronounced _Divlin_. Pepys in his marginal note writes 'travelled to Dublin.'

[189] This was destined to be the last voyage of Drake and Hawkyns. The _Defiance_ was Drake's ship.

[190] Or _Due (Dieu) Repulse_.

[191] Built in 1561, this was a rebuilding.

[192] Advance.

[193] Howard of Effingham.

[194] On the north side of Deptford Green, overlooking the Thames, afterwards the Gun Tavern. _See_ Dew's _History of Deptford_, p. 185.

[195] _I.e._ the Cadiz Expedition of 1596, under the joint command of Howard and Essex.

[196] William Cecil, Lord Burghley.

[197] Pronounced 'Tibalds,' whence the form 'Tiballs' in which it appears in the MS. Theobalds Park (near Waltham Cross) was afterwards exchanged between Burghley's son, the first Earl of Salisbury, and James I for Hatfield.

[198] MS. 'Pakellsum.'

[199] MS. 'estate.'

[200] MS. 'Hye Woodehill'; near Mill Hill.

[201] St. James's Day, 25th July.

[202] St. Bartholomew's Day, 24th August.

[203] Hugh Lydiard, senior, Clerk of the Check.

[204] The navigator, brother of Stephen Borough.

[205] Possibly the entrance to the dock.

[206] The 'income' was the fee or fine paid on entering upon the lease.

[207] Thomas Wiggs, a subordinate of Lord Buckhurst, Commissioner of State Trials. He is mentioned in a letter of Buckhurst to Cecil of 7th December 1600. _Salisbury MSS. (Hist. MSS.)_, x. p. 411, and in Pepys' _Miscell._, x. p. 349.

[208] Southwold.

[209] Or 'Vugle.'

[210] _I.e._ districts.

[211] _See_ Introduction.

[212] Afterwards Lord Brooke.

[213] Like, favour.

[214] _See_ Introduction.

[215] An allusion to the game of bowls.

[216] Stepfather.

[217] MS. 'syses.'

[218] S.P. Dom. 28th May 1599; the name is given as 'Nun.'

[219] Probably John Hone, Advocate of Doctors' Commons, 1589; Master in Chancery 1596-1602.

[220] The ecclesiastical 'Court of Arches' held at St. Mary-le-Bow.

[221] A Newcastle carvel-built ship.

[222] MS. 'Bulley'; the high ground south of Rochester Castle.

[223] 'All Hallows, Barking,' founded by the nuns of Barking Abbey, whence the name.

[224] MS. 'raynam.'

[225] Thievish Dunkirker.

[226] Swatchway; the channel south of the Nore Sand.

[227] Christmas.

[228] Originally half a mark, or 6_s._ 8_d._, afterwards 10_s._

[229] 1602, according to the Old Style, as it is before the 25th March.

[230] Or Avale, see p. 86; for many years the pilot for the river and Downs. The Commission of 1618 proposed to pension him as 'aged and blind.'

[231] MS. 'Dagnam.'

[232] MS. 'Grenehyve.'

[233] See Introduction.

[234] Band.

[235] Round shot. At that period salutes were fired with shotted guns, not with blank charges.

[236] Immediately.

[237] South of St. Paul's, and on the east side of Baynard's Castle.

[238] _I.e._ Prince Henry.

[239] _I.e._ the Lord High Admiral.

[240] M.S. 'Ihon,' mis-transcribed in the _Harl. MS._ here and elsewhere as 'Thomas.'

[241] M.S. 'Winebancke.'

[242] The words in italics are wanting in the original MS.

[243] The words in italics are wanting in the original MS.

[244] Coruña.

[245] San Lucar, at the mouth of the Guadalquivir.

[246] MS. 'Bonance': opposite San Lucar.

[247] MS. 'Civill.'

[248] C. de Sta. Maria.

[249] Bore away.

[250] Cadiz.

[251] Santander.

[252] In Hampshire, north of Havant.

[253] See Introduction.

[254] This is a mistake. He has already given the date of birth of John as 23rd March 1601-2 and of Henry as 18th March 1602-3; see pp. 17 and 18.

[255] Suites.

[256] Of Hinchinbrook, a gentleman of the Privy Chamber, uncle of the Protector.

[257] In 1608, see Introduction.

[258] MS. 'Alceholte' (Aisholt = Ashwood), near the Surrey border S.W. of Farnham.

[259] At the northern approach to old London Bridge.

[260] The poet, then gentleman of the bedchamber to Prince Henry.

[261] _I.e._ for this special purpose.

[262] A legend concerning the relics of St. Vincent, who suffered martyrdom at Valencia in A.D. 304. His body on being exposed to wild beasts was said to have been protected by a raven. During the Moorish invasion of Spain these remains were removed from Valencia to Cape St. Vincent, and in the twelfth century were brought by water from that Cape to the cathedral of Lisbon and placed in the Chapel of St. Vincent. Two (not three) ravens, who watched over his tomb, accompanied the ship on its voyage, remaining on watch when the relics were deposited in the cathedral. The ship and the two birds appear in the arms of Lisbon.

[263] _I.e._ of ample powers.

[264] See the list and notes at pp. 54-5.

[265] Ante, p. 20.

[266] Rotherhithe; MS. 'Redreife.'

[267] MS. 'Bluther.'

[268] MS. 'Peter.'

[269] A small piece of ordnance without carriage, used for firing salutes. This was not the 'chamber' used with the early breech-loading ordnance.

[270] The _Prince Royal_.

[271] MS. 'flower.' 'Floor--are those timbers lying transverse to the keel, being bolted through it ... and strictly taken, is so much only of her bottom as she rests upon when lying aground.'--Blanckley, _Naval Expositor_.

[272] Troublesome, painful.

[273] Lie.

[274] Careless.

[275] The Tuck is 'that part of the ship where the ends of the bottom planks are collected together immediately under the stem ... a square tuck' (as in this case) 'is terminated above by the wing transom and below and on each side by the fashion-pieces' (Falconer, _Marine Dictionary_). According to Sutherland (_Shipbuilder's Assistant_), the 'height of the tuck' was taken from the point where the heels of the fashion-pieces were 'let in upon the posts,' _i.e._ upon the stern post and false stern post.

[276] Bully, swashbuckler.

[277] A coach or chariot of a stately or luxurious kind.--_N.E.D._

[278] Sir Robert Cecil had been created Earl of Salisbury in 1605.

[279] Considering.

[280] Previously.

[281] MS. 'brew.'

[282] MS. 'Wrong heads.' The upper ends of the floor timbers.

[283] The inside planking from the kelson to the orlop clamps.

[284] Canopy.

[285] Of the East India Company, merchant and sea-captain.

[286] One of the six Masters Attendant of the Navy.

[287] Probably John Watts, who was captain of Denbigh's flagship in the Cadiz Expedition of 1625 and was knighted; together with Michael Geere and others, at Plymouth on the return. He was captain of Buckingham's flagship in the Ile de Rhé expedition of 1627.

[288] Captain Thomas Norris (or Norreys) referred to at p. 119 as being one of the Commissioners of 1618 and at p. 120 as one of Pett's 'greatest enemies.' From p. 33 it would appear that at one time he had been a purser.

[289] Perhaps the Captain James Chester referred to in _Naval Tracts of Sir William Monson_, I. xxxiv. and III. 60.

[290] _See_ Introduction.

[291] Captain Christopher Newport, recommended by Mansell and Trevor in 1606 for the reversion of one of the principal masters' places. In 1612 he was captain of the East Indiaman _Expedition_. He was removed from among the six masters by the Commission of 1618, on account of his employment by the East India Company.

[292] Of Limehouse; master of a merchantman, and a shipbuilder.

[293] Probably the 'Thomas Redwood, mariner, precinct of the Tower of London,' whose will was proved in 1613 (_Wills. P.C.C._)

[294] Possibly the William Geere granted 'the office of an Assistant of the Admiralty' in 1604; or Michael Geere granted 'the place of Assistant to the King's chief officers of the Admiralty' in March 1608, subsequently knighted and a Master of Trinity House.

[295] In 1618 'Captains Geer and Moore' were engaged 'in receiving and inventorying the _Destiny_ and her furniture, the goods of Sir Walter Raleigh.'--_Cal. S. P. Dom._, November 2, 1618.

[296] A servant of the East India Company.

[297] Of Limehouse, mariner.

[298] See Introduction.

[299] MS. 'Cleye.' Referred to at p. 33 as 'Nicholas Clay of Redriff, shipwright and yardkeeper.' Nominated in the Charter of 1605 as one of the 'Assistants' of the Shipwrights' Company. The name is there spelt 'Cley,' but he signed as 'Nycholas Clay.'

[300] Referred to at p. 33 as 'Thomas Graves of Limehouse, shipwright and yardkeeper'; the indictment is, however, signed by 'John Greaves' (see Introduction), and it may be noted that 'John Graves' was nominated an 'Assistant' by the Charter of 1612. Probably Pett has made a mistake in the forename.

[301] Probably Robert Tranckmore, who with Jonas Day was employed in 1627 in making a dry dock, etc., at Portsmouth. These two with Pett were also ordered to report on the faults in the ships built by Burrell.

[302] Clerk of the Check at Woolwich.

[303] Brother of Sir Peter Buck, Clerk of the King's Ships. It appears from p. 33 that he was an under clerk to Sir Peter. In October 1607 Thomas Buck and William Holliday were granted 'protection' for a year, and this was renewed in September 1609. On 31st July 1609 Thomas Buck and John Clifton were granted the moiety of all forfeitures, etc., incurred by officers of the navy for frauds against the Crown.

[304] John Clifton (see preceding note); he had been purser in the _Answer_ in the Spanish voyage of 1605.

[305] In October 1604 he was granted with others a reward of 5_s._ a ton for building five new ships. He was a friend of William Adams, the navigator, who refers to him in his letter from Japan of October 23, 1611, to the East India Company. It would appear that he and Diggens (and possibly Woodcott) would more properly have been included under 'shipwrights.'

[306] Probably the William Bigatt who was master of the _Lion_ under William Borough in 1587. See 'The Mutiny of the _Golden Lion_' in Oppenheim, _Administration of the Royal Navy_, p. 382 _et seq._

[307] Of Stepney.

[308] Became in 1610 one of the six principal masters. Newport's reversion (see note 7, p. 54) was granted 'after the placing of John King.'

[309] Possibly Arthur Pett, the navigator of 1580. He was one of the members incorporated by the second charter of the Virginia Company in 1609.

[310] Possibly referred to in Court Minutes of the East India Company (_Cal. S.P. East Indies_, 407) of April 1608: 'Gratifications to Diggins, Burrell, Kitchen and Woodcott.'

[311] This may be the 'old Thomas Fuller' who died in the East India Company's ship _Thomas_ in 1612.

[312] MS. 'Write.' In 1604 the Lord Mayor was directed to appoint Richard and Robert Wright joint packers of woollen cloths, &c., and porters of strangers' goods in and out of the port of London. It is not, however, clear that this is the same man.

[313] Of Ratcliff. Mentioned in the grant to the North-West Passage Company. _Cal. S.P. Colonial_, July 26, 1612.

[314] Granted in August 1604 the usual allowance for building five new ships. William Adams, who died in Japan in 1620, had been for twelve years apprenticed to Diggens, and refers to him affectionately in his letters to the East India Company. (See _Letters received by the East India Company_, vol. i.)

[315] Probably the 'Edward Jordan, mariner,' mentioned in the Pipe Office Dec. Acct. for 1613 (No. 2251).

[316] Principal master workman of the East India Company; see Introduction.

[317] Brother-in-law of Phineas. A shipbuilder at Ratcliff; nominated as a warden in the shipwrights' charter of 1605.

[318] Nominated as an 'Assistant' in the shipwrights' charter of 1612.

[319] Thomas Cole of Woodbridge and Thomas Pryme of Yarmouth were nominated 'Assistants' in the shipwrights' charter of 1605.

[320] MS. 'Androes.'

[321] Shipbuilder at Gillingham, see p. 24. He was also a shipwright in Chatham Yard.

[322] Referred to at p. 93 as 'friends in the navy.'

[323] See Introduction.

[324] MS. 'directed.'

[325] See Introduction.

[326] The transverse section of the ship at the greatest breadth.

[327] Henry Briggs (1561-1630), mathematician. First Professor of Geometry at Gresham College.

[328] The futtocks or foothooks are the timbers between the floor timbers and the top timbers. The floor timbers, lower and upper futtocks, and top timbers, when put together, form a complete frame-bend.

[329] Redness being a sign that the wood was past its prime and beginning to decay.

[330] Entirely.

[331] To be dressed or smoothed with an adze.

[332] The timbers, popularly called 'ribs,' forming the frame.

[333] Carefully.

[334] Marvel at, Lat. _admirari_.

[335] Result.

[336] Thomas Button. Knighted 1616; died 1634.

[337] MS. 'and.'

[338] John Legatt, or Legate, Clerk of the Check at Chatham, granted in 1604 the reversion of the Clerkship of the Navy after Peter Buck, sen. (_Pat. Roll_, 1655). He appears, however, to have died before Buck, probably in 1615.

[339] An allusion to the well-known line of Horace (_De Arte Poetica_, 139): 'Parturiunt montes, nascetur ridiculus mus' (Mountains are in labour, a silly little mouse will be born).

[340] MS. 'veryest bable and drowne divell.' This has the appearance of a seaman's saying, but I have not met it elsewhere. 'Bable' (bauble) is used contemptuously for 'a mere toy, applied to a machine, etc., considered too small or weak for actual work' (_N.E.D._), as in the following passages:

' ... the sea being smooth,
How many shallow bauble boats dare sail
Upon her patient breast ...
But let the ruffian Boreas once enrage
The gentle Thetis ...
... where's then the saucy boat
Whose weak untimbered sides but even now
Co-rivall'd greatness?'

SHAKESPEARE, _Troilus and Cressida_, I, iii.

' ... his shipping
Poor ignorant baubles--on our terrible seas
Like egg-shells mov'd upon their surges, crack'd
As easily 'gainst our rocks.'

SHAKESPEARE, _Cymbeline_, III, i.

The word 'bawble' is also used by Anson in speaking of the _Tryal_ sloop, which the Spaniards at Juan Fernandez could not credit with having rounded Cape Horn.

'Devil' seemingly refers to the 'poor devils' forming the crew: it does not appear to refer to the seam in the ship's bottom to which that name is sometimes given.

[341] Referring to his voyage in 1602. _See_ Introduction.

[342] Granted October 27, 1607.

[343] Apparently John Pory, who, from his letter to Dudley Carleton of January 3, 1610 (_S.P. Dom., James I_, lii, 1), appears to have been connected with the Lord Treasurer. This would be the traveller and geographer of that name, then M.P. for Bridgwater, but settled in London.

[344] Probably John Keymer, the author of _Observations upon the Dutch Fishing_.

[345] Reproof.

[346] By William Burrell.

[347] Of 1100 tons; wrecked on her first voyage in 1613 and burnt by the Javanese.

[348] Of 250 tons.

[349] MS. 'strokes.' The ship is struck (lowered) upon the launching ways when the blocks and wedges on which the keel is supported are driven out and the weight of the ship taken upon the cradle, the bottom of which rests upon, and slides along, the launching ways.

[350] According to the account of the captain of the _Peppercorn_ (_Egerton MS._ 2100) this was on 30th December. The _Peppercorn_ was launched on 1st January, 'and the great ship the _Trade's Increase_ ... a little removed, but not launched. The 2nd day Tuesday the _Trade's Increase_ was half her length removed but not launched for the dockhead was too narrow for her passage. The 3rd day ... she was launched.'

[351] An account of this tournament is given in Birch, _Life of Henry, Prince of Wales_, p. 182 _et seq._

[352] Satisfaction, content.

[353] Completed with her ornamental work.

[354] The 6th August 1610 was a Monday.

[355] Near Cheam. This Palace was commenced by Henry VIII and pulled down by the Duchess of Cleveland.

[356] 'The Orlopp is no other but the Deck (as we say) the lower Deck, the second Deck, so you may as well say the lower Orlopp, or the second Orlopp: and indeed it is commonly held the proper speech to call them the first Orlopp and the second Orlopp: for this word Orlopp seems to be appropriated only to these two Decks,'--Manwayring, _The Seaman's Dictionary_.

[357] MS. 'Lyeadger.' The Sieur de la Boderie, then engaged in settling the 'League' or Treaty between the two kingdoms.

[358] A silk stuff.

[359] MS. 'withe.'

[360] A small capstan, placed on the ground.

[361] MS. 'scruses.' Placed at the bow to start the ship.

[362] The 'scavel' was a small spade used for digging clay, etc., as in forming drains. The scavelmen were dockyard labourers whose duty it was to clean and pump out the docks. The name, which disappeared after 1844, probably on the introduction of steam pumping machinery, was no doubt a survival from the time when the 'dock' was formed of piling, wattles, and clay, which was placed round the ship when she had been brought to the shore, or across the mouth of the creek into which she had been hauled, and which had to be dug away in 'opening the dock.'

[363] For an account of this ceremony see Fraser, _The Londons of the British Fleet_, p. 68.

[364] To inaugurate the use of. (_N.E.D._)

[365] Presumably of Deptford Yard, but he may mean Blackwall. She had been undocked at Ratcliff.

[366] The Gore Channel, running between the Kent coast and Margate Hook Sand, west of Birchington.

[367] Thomas; one of the pilots for the river and Downs. The name appears elsewhere as 'Poynett,' 'Punnett,' and 'Poinet.' He signed with a mark 'T.'

[368] On the Essex shore, half-way between London and Gravesend.

[369] Now covered by the extension of Chatham Dockyard northwards.

[370] A Captain of the Navy, commended by Nottingham to Salisbury in 1609 for having taken Harris, the pirate, on the Irish coast and done good service off the West Islands of Scotland (_Cal. S.P.D._, July 3, 1609).

[371] For the time being.

[372] MS. 'taken.'

[373] It was customary at that period to fire salutes with shotted guns, and accidents from the shot were not infrequent.

[374] A light ship's boat or gig.

[375] Arabella Stuart. Placed in custody after her marriage to William Seymour. She escaped dressed as a man, but was captured in the Straits of Dover and committed to the Tower.

[376] MS. 'Lee.'

[377] Younger brother of Sir Henry Middleton. This was the return from his voyage in the _Expedition_.

[378] The grant of this post to Bingley was dated 7th May. He was knighted on 10th November.

[379] August: the month is noted in the margin.

[380] Nephew.

[381] W. of Canvey Island.

[382] This word is not in the _N.E.D._; it is probably derived from 'heart' or 'hearten,' to acquire more energy. See also note on p. 106.

[383] MS. 'Shepeway.'

[384] This word is not in the _N.E.D._, but it evidently means 'to become more dull or calm.' It is used as a transitive verb by Mainwaring in the _Seaman's Dictionary_, _s.v._ 'Blowe':--'the heat of the land, which should duller the wind.'

[385] Sheirenasse.

[386] Merhonour.

[387] For an inclusive sum.

[388] Plans, draughts.

[389] _I.e._ the curves of the timbers which were to form the frame. Each complete 'mould' would give a transverse section of the ship.

[390] Button sailed as 'Admiral' of this expedition in the _Resolution_, which was lost in the voyage. He was accompanied by the _Discovery_ in which Waymouth and Hudson had made earlier voyages to the same parts.

[391] This use of 'together' in the sense of mutually, from each other, is not illustrated in the _N.E.D._, but it is evidently cognate to its use in the expressions 'love together,' 'see together' (= meet) of which examples are given.

[392] The burden in 'tons' represents the net wine-carrying capacity of the ship in Bordeaux casks. The 'tonnage' was an additional allowance equal to one-third of this; the 'ton and tonnage' representing the gross burden (_see_ Oppenheim, _Administration_, pp. 30, 132, 266).

[393] The pirate; subsequently a naval officer; author of the _Discourse of the Beginnings, Practices, and Suppression of Pirates_, and of _The Seaman's Dictionary_; knighted 1618. MS. 'Manwaring'; other spellings of the name are Maynwaring, Manwayring, Maynnaring, Mannering.

[394] Gibbons, who was Button's cousin, went in the _Resolution_ as a volunteer. In 1614 he went out again in the _Discovery_ in command, but this voyage proved a complete failure. Button had a very high opinion of him, and so, apparently, had Pett. For an account of the voyages, see Rundall, _Narratives of Early Voyages_ (Hakluyt Soc.), and Christy, _Voyages of Foxe and James to the North-west_ (Hakluyt Soc.).

[395] Presence-chamber.

[396] See Introduction.

[397] Perhaps Nicholas Pey

[398] Thomas; ship-painter.

[399] Picture, image.

[400] Daughter of the King, married to Frederick, Elector Palatine, subsequently King of Bohemia. Prince Rupert was her third son.

[401] By contract.

[402] Shipbuilders.

[403] St. Stephen's Alley occupied a site near the position of the present Parliament Street, where Charles Street runs into it.

[404] The wharf of that name at Southwark. It lay north-west of the present cathedral (St. Saviour's) which had been the church of the Priory of St. Mary Overy.

[405] _I.e._ the _Prince Royal_ to be flagship of the fleet.

[406] The Elector Palatine.

[407] 'A strake is the term for a seam betwixt two planks (as the ... ship heels a strake, that is one seam),' Mainwaring (1623). According to Blanckley (1750) the term was applied to 'the uniform ranges of planks on the bottom, decks and sides of the ships.' The ship was not to be heeled over further than would bring the sixth seam, or edge of the sixth plank, above water.

[408] MS. 'Alsbrey.' Mathematician; appointed one of the Commissioners of Inquiry in 1626; Master of the Mint and created baronet in 1627; appointed Surveyor of the Navy in 1628.

[409] At Upnor.

[410] Nimble, quick, ready.

[411] MS. 'pike.' The anchor is a-peak when the cable is heaved in so far as to bring the hawse of the ship right over the anchor, the cable being then perpendicular.

[412] On p. 94 the wind is spoken of as having 'harted.'

[413] Going round; turning head from wind.

[414] Complete.

[415] _I.e._ the ship.

[416] The 'furrow' or depression in the ground made by the ship's bottom.

[417] MS. 'to.'

[418] This word, which Pepys transcribes as 'pritly,' is not in the _N.E.D._, but since it appears to have the same meaning as 'predy' (or 'priddy') which was in use at sea in the seventeenth century for 'make ready' or 'set ... in order,' it is not impossible that it may be a variation of that word.

[419] The ends of the Buxey and Gunfleet sands, where the Spitway leads between them from the East Swin to the Wallet.

[420] Eight and a half miles north of Margate.

[421] The entrance to the Thames, opposite the Queen's Channel; not the English Channel.

[422] Drew ahead or became 'scant.' The use of 'shorten in this sense is rare and unknown to the dictionaries.

[423] MS. 'Blakenborough.' On the Belgian coast.

[424] MS. 'Scone.' A small fort or earthwork.

[425] MS. 'Sluce.'

[426] MS. 'yoathes.' This must be one of the earliest instances of the introduction of the Dutch 'Iacht' into English. The word 'yacht' does not seem to have come into use until after 1660.

[427] Count: Dutch 'Graaf.'

[428] Fort Rammekens, east of Flushing, at the entrance of the channel between Walcheren and South Beveland. Rammekens, Flushing, and Brill were then occupied by English garrisons as 'cautionary towns,' in security for the money lent to the Dutch by Elizabeth.

[429] Campvere, now called Vere, on the north-east side of Walcheren Island, at that time the staple port for Scottish merchants.

[430] On the (then) I. of Cadzand.

[431] Off the Essex coast.

[432] The prison situated near St. Saviour's, Southwark.

[433] Mansell was accused of taking exception to the Commission for Inquiring into the Abuses of the Navy, in a contemptuous and disloyal manner.

[434] 1615.

[435] MS. 'Rawly.'

[436] Mentioned by Ralegh in his testamentary memorandum.

[437] See note on p. 151.

[438] Politician; degraded 1621. Smiles, _Men of Invention and Industry_, p. 43, says he was the original of 'Sir Giles Overreach' in Massinger's play, 'A New Way to Pay Old Debts.'

[439] _Sic._

[440] 1618; see Introduction.

[441] A protégé of Northampton and Buckingham. Master of Wardrobe and Court of Wards. Treasurer 1621. Earl of Middlesex 1622. Impeached 1624.

[442] First Governor of the East India Company, member of the Muscovy Company, and Treasurer of the Virginia Company.

[443] Chancellor of the Exchequer 1621. Created Earl of Portland 1633.

[444] Knighted in company with Sutton, Pitt, and Osborne in February 1619.

[445] MS. 'Robert.'

[446] MS. 'Cooke.' Deputy Treasurer of Navy 1591; knighted 1624.

[447] William Pitt; one of the Tellers of Receipt.

[448] MS. 'Worsenam.' Of the East India and Virginia Companies; knighted 1617.

[449] This rank was instituted in 1611 by James I. to raise money for the Crown, the sum to be paid being 1095_l._ At first certain restrictions as to numbers and conditions were made. The restrictions were gradually withdrawn, and under Charles I. blank patents were put up for sale. The price seems to have fallen as low as 300_l._ by the end of Charles I.'s reign.

[450] MS. 'Ratcliff'; ancestor of the Earls of Derwentwater.

[451] A Roman Catholic who refused to attend his parish church.

[452] A gentleman pensioner, knighted in 1617.

[453] _I.e._ the King named them. The names allude to Buckingham's entrance into the Lord High Admiralship and his 'reformation' of the Navy affairs.

[454] Or Cleive (Clive), MS. 'Cleave.' Knighted in 1605.

[455] MS. 'surplage.'

[456] Captain of the _Marygold_ merchantman.

[457] Probably what is now the West Oaze Buoy, about five miles east of the Nore Light.

[458] South-east of the Oaze, on the opposite side of the Oaze Deep.

[459] Cape St. Vincent.

[460] MS. 'Jubellatare.'

[461] See Introduction.

[462] Stevens was now a master shipwright, associated with Pett at Chatham; see Introduction.

[463] John Greaves; see note, p. 55.

[464] John Dearslye.

[465] Robert Bourne, nominated an 'Assistant' in the charter of 1612.

[466] Edward. MS. 'Chandelor.'

[467] The estimate was 994_l._ 11_s._ 8_d._ _Coke MSS. (Hist. MSS.)_, vol. i. p. 130.

[468] Intimation, hint.

[469] See Introduction.--Steward was in command of the rear squadron in the Cadiz expedition of 1625.

[470] Knighted 1625.

[471] Sir Fulke Greville, created Baron Brooke in 1621.

[472] Whitaker Spit, between the Swin and the entrance to the river Crouch.

[473] Obliged to veer, or go large.

[474] MS. 'Fayrelye.' East of Hastings.

[475] MS. 'Beawlye.'

[476] James, second Marquis of Hamilton, a commissioner for the marriage of Prince Charles to the Infanta.

[477] William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke.

[478] Sir John Ramsay, created Earl of Holderness in 1621.

[479] Thomas Erskine, created Earl of Kellie in 1619.

[480] James Hay, created Earl of Carlisle in 1622.

[481] Philip Herbert, created Earl of Montgomery 1605.

[482] Francis Manners, sixth Earl of Rutland.

[483] Drawing ahead suddenly and becoming foul; _cf._ 'shorten,' p. 109.

[484] This expression is unknown to the dictionaries, and it is difficult to conjecture its meaning: it may be a synonym for 'bank' or 'shore,' or for 'seaweed,' which would be found in the shallower water near the shore.

[485] N.W. Spain. MS. 'Ortingall.'

[486] Apparently 'bent' was in use at this period in speaking of the tide when it had turned and begun to ebb or flow with full force. _Cf._ Luke Ward's narrative (1582) in Hakluyt (vol. xi. p. 174): 'Being at anchor, I manned our boat and would have gone aboard the Admiral, but could not, the flood was bent so strong.'

[487] _I.e._ make way against.

[488] Brother of Sir John Trevor, and a naval officer of distinction; knighted in 1604.

[489] The captain, or commanding officer. 'Commander' as a substantive rank dates only from 1793.

[490] MS 'Gundamar.' Diego Sarmiento d'Acuna, Count of Gondomar. He played an important part in the foreign policy of Great Britain from 1613, when he was sent to England as ambassador to bring James into accord with Spanish policy. It was Gondomar who secured the execution of Ralegh.

[491] MS. 'Sylla.' He means the principal island, St. Mary.

[492] _I.e._ the ship first beat to windward, tacking two or three times, and then laid her course for the anchorage with the wind on her quarter.

[493] Castle Hugh, near Hugh Town, the capital.

[494] The shoal at the entrance to Spithead, north of St. Helen's.

[495] Gentleman of the Chamber.

[496] The sands along the Kent coast off Sandwich.

[497] The narrow part of the ship's bottom near the stern post.

[498] MS. 'over.'

[499] Duke Christian of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. He arrived in England on December 20 with letters of recommendation from Elizabeth of Bohemia, whose cause he was championing, and was the guest of the Prince of Wales.

[500] The official residence of the Navy Officers on Chatham Hill.

[501] Bore large, bringing the wind on the beam or quarter.

[502] MS. 'Bullen.'

[503] Dragged their anchors.

[504] Predicament.

[505] John Pyham, Vicar of Chatham.

[506] Designs.

[507] This has been added at the bottom of the page, where it has no connection with the context. In the margin Pett has written, 'Son Joseph died in Ireland this year 1625.'

[508] 12 Dec. 1626. Pett was named last in the list.

[509] _I.e._ the Great Seal.

[510] Built by the Dutch, but intended for the French Navy. It was captured in the Texel and added to the English Fleet.

[511] One of the four Masters Attendant.

[512] MS. '1637.' 1628 new style.

[513] Treasurer of the Navy.

[514] Knighted in 1634.

[515] Shipbuilders.

[516] The ten _Lion's Whelps_.

[517] Payments in advance.

[518] MS. 'Redcliff.'

[519] More usually spelt 'Compter': one of the debtors' prisons attached to the Sheriff's Court; the last was abolished in 1854.

[520] The prison on the east side of Farringdon Street, taking its name from the Fleet River; burnt down in 1666 and in 1780; it was abolished in 1842.

[521] Treasurer of the Army, with whom Buckingham was lodging.

[522] Apparently used in the sense of 'unemployed.'

[523] Colonel Sir Thomas Fryer. The circumstances are related in detail by Dr. S. R. Gardiner in his _History of England from the Accession of James I._, vol. vi. chap. lxv.

[524] _I.e._ the prison of that name.

[525] Chaussée de Sein, south of Ushant.

[526] Richard, successor to Paul Isackson.

[527] Robert Bertie, created Earl of Lindsey 1626; admiral of the second fleet sent to Rochelle in 1628.

[528] Robert Treswell.

[529] Foliejon on the modern ordnance map. 'Folly' appears to be a local name for a clump of trees on a hill.

[530] Henry Goddard.

[531] Francis Brooke.

[532] John Brooke.

[533] MS. 'Farum.'

[534] The report, signed by Phineas Pett, Jo. Dearslye, Peter Pett, Andrewes Burrell, John Greaves and John Taylor, is preserved (_S.P. Dom. Chas. I._ clxxvi. 8). Mr. Oppenheim (_Administration_, p. 297) points out that 'five years later some of the same men turned round with "we positively conclude that there is a worm in that harbour."'

[535] Richard Weston, created Baron Weston in 1628, and Earl of Portland in 1633.

[536] The Lord High Chamberlain was Robert Bertie, Earl of Lindsey; the Lord Chamberlain was Philip Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, who had succeeded his brother, William.

[537] Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland, beheaded 1649.

[538] A prize of 1625 taken into the Navy.

[539] MS. 'Strowde.'

[540] A very late example of this form of the past tense of 'row.'

[541] MS. 'given.'

[542] Deliberately.

[543] Son of Edward Stephens, late Master Shipwright. Imprisoned in 1626 for disrespect to Pett and Trevor.

[544] The passage in italics is wanting in the original MS.

[545] Below.

[546] MS. Ockum. In the Medway.

[547] Kenrick Edisbury, _alias_ Wilkinson, who in 1626 was Paymaster of the Navy, succeeded Sir Thos. Aylesbury as Surveyor of the Navy in December 1632 and died in 1638. Mr. Oppenheim pronounces him 'perhaps the most observant and energetic of the chief officers.'

[548] John Goodwin, Master Attendant at Portsmouth.

[549] Nathaniel Apslyn. In 1626, when Carpenter of the _Red Lion_, he was recommended by Pett for the post of Assistant Master Shipwright, and was appointed in that capacity at Chatham.

[550] Hawkridge is said to have accompanied Button in the voyage of 1612. In 1619 he was in command of an expedition in search of the North-West Passage which proved a failure. Subsequently he was captured with his ship and cargo, valued at £2000, by the pirates of Algiers and held to ransom. _See_ Christy, _Voyages of Foxe and James_ (Hakluyt Soc.).

[551] Near Wye, on the main road from Ashford to Canterbury.

[552] MS. 'Shorum.'

[553] Nephew.

[554] Master Carpenter of the _St. Denis_ in 1632.

[555] MS. 'Langer.' At the entrance to Harwich harbour.

[556] Old cordage, used for manufacture into brown paper.

[557] Francis Sheldon, Clerk of the Check at Woolwich.

[558] The wife of Thomas Cole, who was one of the witnesses at the Inquiry of 1610 (_supra_, p. 57). Thomas Cole owned the Manor of Woodbridge, which by 1649 came into Peter's possession. See Copinger, _Manors of Suffolk_, vol. iv. p. 328.

[559] Bailiffs.

[560] See Introduction.

[561] Edward Boate, Master Shipwright.

[562] Comptroller of the Navy since 1632; son of the Comptroller of the Navy of the same name who died in 1611.

[563] Denis Fleming, Clerk of the Acts.

[564] Edward Sackville, 4th Earl, one of the Commissioners of the Admiralty appointed after the death of Buckingham.

[565] The elder (1589-1655), then Comptroller of the Household and Privy Councillor.

[566] Sir Francis Windebank (1582-1646), joint-Secretary of State with Sir John Coke, 1632.

[567] MS. 'president.'

[568] MS. 'whelles.'

[569] MS. 'Waynstead.' A royal manor.

[570] On the edge of the Maplin, six miles east of Shoeburyness.

[571] MS. 'Burlington.'

[572] MS. 'Whytebye.'

[573] Luke Foxe, the Arctic navigator. He died at Whitby in July.

[574] M.S. 'Stockdone.'

[575] Stockton had fallen into decay during the sixteenth century.

[576] _Sic._

[577] MS. 'Chopple.' On the Derwent, six miles south-west of Newcastle.

[578] MS. 'Bramespeth.' On the Wear, four miles south-west of Durham.

[579] MS. 'Duresme.'

[580] Pett's clerk.

[581] Comptroller of Customs for Port of London; one time Secretary of the Council of the North.

[582] MS. 'Tuckesford.'

[583] MS. 'Grantum.'

[584] Charles Lewis, the second son of Frederick and Elizabeth, born in 1617. Frederick had died in 1632.

[585] Prince Rupert.

[586] It was the 9th.

[587] _I.e._ not moored, having only one anchor down.

[588] Swinging round with the tide.

[589] Obsolete form of 'travailed'; laboured.

[590] Charles Lewis, whom, on p. 162, he called the Palsgrave. The title of Elector was, however, not formally accorded to him until the Peace of Westphalia, in 1648, when the Lower Palatinate was restored.

[591] Apprentice. In 1633 he was recommended by Pett for the post of Master Carpenter of the _Charles_ on the ground that he had wrought upon the same throughout her being built, and was also 'a pretty mariner.' _S. P. Dom. Chas. I._, ccxxxi. 45.

[592] Became too shallow.

[593] Spring tide.

[594] MS. 'Austyne'; Thomas Austen.

[595] Burning reeds.

[596] MS. 'Grenhyve.'

[597] MS. 'Shevarees.' Marie de Rohan; exiled from France in 1626.

[598] James Stuart, 4th Duke; created Duke of Richmond, 1641.

[599] Married on 7th January. On p. 171 his wife's father's name is given as 'Etherington'; her Christian name was Mildred. The use of two forenames was practically unknown at this period; evidently she had been married before.

[600] Wife of Christopher Pett.

[601] The south end of the Goodwin Sands.

[602] This word is lost, the margin being torn away; these six words are not in the Harleian copy.

[603] Chatham.

[604] Perhaps intended for 'own.'

[605] At Chatham.

[606] Sion House at Brentford, the seat of the Duke of Northumberland, who had been appointed on 13th April to act for the young Duke of York, declared Lord High Admiral for life at the Council on 18th March.

[607] _I.e._ of France. Marie de Medicis, widow of Henri IV. and mother of Queen Henrietta Maria; she landed at Harwich on 18th October.

APPENDICES