Chapter II: Introduction: By Henry Cabot Lodge

HERODOTUS--(Born probably in 484 B.C., died probably in 424.)

I Solon's Words of Wisdom to Croesus.
(From Book I of the "History." Translated by Rawlinson)

II Babylon and Its Capture by Cyrus.
(From Book I of the "History." Translated by Taylor)

III The Pyramid of Cheops.
(From Book II of the "History." Translated by Rawlinson)

IV The Story of Periander's Son.
(From Book III of the "History." Translated by Rawlinson)

THUCYDIDES--(Born about 471 B.C., died about 401.)

I The Athenians and Spartans Contrasted.
(From Book I of the "Peloponnesian War." Translated by Benjamin
Jowett)

II The Plague at Athens.
(From Book II of the "Peloponnesian War." Translated by
Benjamin Jowett)

III The Sailing of the Athenian Fleet for Sicily.
(From Book VI of the "Peloponnesian War." Translated by
Benjamin Jowett)

IV Completion of the Athenian Defeat at Syracuse.
(From Book VII of the "Peloponnesian War." Translated by
Benjamin Jowett)

XENOPHON--(Born about 430 B.C., died about 357.)

I The Character of Cyrus the Younger.
(From the "Anabasis." Translated by J. S. Watson)

II The Greek Army in the Snows of Armenia.
(From the "Anabasis." Translated by Watson)

III The Battle of Leuctra.
(From Book VI of the "Hellenica." Translated by Watson)

IV Of the Army of the Spartans.
(From the treatise on "The Government of Lacedæmon."
Translated by Watson)

V How to Choose and Manage Saddle Horses.
(From the treatise on "Horsemanship." Translated by Watson)

PLATO--(Born about 427 B.C., died in 347.)

I The Image of the Cave.
(From the "Republic." Translated by Benjamin Jowett)

II Good and Evil.
(From the "Protagoras." Translated by Benjamin Jowett)

III Socrates in Praise of Love.
(From the "Symposium." Translated by Benjamin Jowett)

IV The Praise of Socrates by Alcibiades.
(From the "Symposium." Translated by Benjamin Jowett)

V The Refusal of Socrates to Escape from Prison.
(From the "Crito." Translated by Benjamin Jowett)

VI The Death of Socrates.
(From the "Phædo." Translated by Benjamin Jowett)

ARISTOTLE--(Born in 384 B.C., died in 322.)

I What Things are Pleasant.
(From Book I of the "Rhetoric." Translated by Buckley)

II The Life Most Desirable.
(From Book VII of the "Politics." Translated by Walford)

III Ideal Husbands and Wives.
(From Book I of the "Economics." Translated by Walford)

IV Happiness as an End of Human Action.
(From Book X of the "Nicomachean Ethics." Translated by Browne)

POLYBIUS--(Born in 204 B.C., died about 125.)

I The Battle of Cannæ.
(From Book IV of the "Histories." Translated by Shuckburgh)

II Hannibal's Advance on Rome.
(From Book IX of the "Histories." Translated by Shuckburgh)

III The Defense of Syracuse by Archimedes.
(From Book VIII of the "Histories." Translated by Shuckburgh)

PLUTARCH--(Born about 46 A.D., died in 125.)

I Demosthenes and Cicero Compared.
(From the "Lives." Translated by Sir Thomas North)

II The Assassination of Cæsar.
(From the "Lives." Translated by North)

III Cleopatra's Barge.
(From the "Life of Mark Antony." Translated by North)

IV The Death of Antony and Cleopatra.
(From the "Life of Mark Antony." Translated by North)

EPICTETUS--(Born about the middle of the first century.)

I Of Freedom.
(From the "Discourses." Translated by Thomas Wentworth
Higginson)

II Of Friendship.
(From the "Discourses." Translated by Higginson)

III The Philosopher and the Crowd.
(From the "Discourses." Translated by Higginson)

LUCIAN--(Born about 120 A.D., died about 200.)

I A Descent to the Unknown.
(From "Menippus." Translated by H. W. and F. G. Fowler)

II Among the Philosophers.
(From the "Fisher: A Resurrection Piece." Translated by
H. W. and F. G. Fowler)

III Of Liars and Lying.
(From the "Liar." Translated by H. W. and F. G. Fowler)

* * * * *

GREECE

484 B.C.--200 A.D.

HERODOTUS

Born in Asia Minor, probably in 484 B.C.; died in Italy,
probably in 424; commonly called the "Father of History";
assisted in the expulsion of the tyrant Lygdamis from
Halicarnassus; traveled in Persia, Egypt, and Greece; lived
afterward in Samos and Athens, settling in Thurii, Italy,
about 444 B.C.; his history of the Persian invasion of
Greece, extending to 479 B.C., was first printed in Greek by
Aldus Manutius in 1502, but a Latin version had appeared in
1474.[1]