Chapter XIII: Part 13

The nesting habits of this variety, which is very similar to the last, do not vary in any respect; eggs indistinguishable.

744. LEAD-COLORED BUSH-TIT. _Psaltriparus plumbeus._

Range.--Rocky Mountain region from Wyoming south to Arizona.

This species suspends its semi-pensile nests in bushes or trees, and some times from the mistletoe, which grows on numerous trees in southern Arizona. The nests are composed like those of the Cal. Bush-Tit and range from 6 to 10 inches in length. The eggs are white, five or six in number and measure .55 × .42.

745. LLOYD'S BUSH-TIT. _Psaltriparus melanotis lloydi._

Range.--Northern Mexico north into western Texas and New Mexico.

This species is similar to the lead-colored Bush-Tit but has the ear coverts glossy black. Like the others, it builds a long pensile nest of similar material and suspended from the extremities of limbs near the ground The five to seven eggs are pure white. Size .58 × .42.

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746. VERDIN. _Auriparus flaviceps flaviceps_.

Range.--Mexican border of the United States, north to Colorado and Nevada.

This Bush-Tit has a bright yellow head and throat, the upper parts being gray and the belly, white. They are abundant in chaparral brush, locally throughout their range. Their large globular nests are situated in bushes at low elevations from the ground, and are made of twigs and weeds, softly lined with fur and feathers. Their three to six eggs are pale greenish blue, specked and dotted with reddish brown. Size .58 × .44. Data.--Brownsville, Texas, May 8, 1894. Large nest of sticks and thorns, lined with hair and feathers, and located in a bush in brush thicket, 8 feet from the ground.

746a. CAPE VERDIN. _Auriparus flaviceps lamprocephalus._

Range.--Lower California.

This new sub-species is said to have shorter wings and tail, and also to be brighter yellow on the head. Its habits and eggs will not differ from those of the common Verdin or Yellow-headed Bush-Tit.

WARBLERS, KINGLETS and GNATCATCHERS. Family SYLVIIDÆ

747. KENNICOTT'S WILLOW WARBLER. _Acanthopneuste borealis._

Range.--Asia, casually found in Alaska.

This species breeds in the extreme northern parts of Asia, and I believe its eggs have never been found on this continent. They build their nests of moss and grasses, on the ground in open woods, concealing them under tufts of grass or tussocks of earth. The three to five eggs are white, spotted with pale reddish brown. Size .70 × .50.

748. GOLDEN-CROWNED KINGLET. _Regulus satrapa satrapa._

Range.--North America, breeding from northern United States northward, and south in the Rockies to Mexico, and in the Alleghanies to the Carolinas; winters throughout the United States.

This rugged little fellow appears to be perfectly content in our northern states even during the most severe winters and leaves us early in the spring for his breeding grounds farther north. They are usually found in company with Chickadees and, like them, may be seen hanging to twigs in all sorts of positions as they search for their meagre fare. Their nests are large, round structures of green moss, bark strips and fine rootlets, very thickly lined with soft feathers; these are placed in forks or partially suspended among the branches of spruce trees, usually high above the ground. During June they lay from five to ten eggs of a dull whitish or grayish color, spotted heavily with pale brown and lilac. Size .55 × .42.

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748a. WESTERN GOLDEN-CROWNED KINGLET. _Regulas satrapa olivaceus._

Range.--Pacific coast from southern California to Alaska.

This variety is said to be brighter colored than the last; its habits and eggs are the same in all particulars.

749. RUBY-CROWNED KINGLET. _Regulus calendula calendula._

Range.--North America, breeding from the northern border of the United States northward, and farther south in mountain ranges; winters in southern United States.

This little bird is of the size of the Golden-crowned Kinglet (4.25 inches long) and has a partially concealed patch of red on the crown, not bordered by black and yellow as is the last species. Their nests are similar in construction to those of the last species and are situated in coniferous trees at any altitude from the ground. Their four to nine eggs are creamy white, finely specked with reddish brown. Size .56 × .44.

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749A. SITKA KINGLET. _Regulas calendula grinnelli._

Range.--Pacific coast, breeding in Alaska.

Said to be brighter than the preceding variety.

749b. DUSKY KINGLET. _Regulus calendula obscurus._

Range.--Guadalupe Island, Lower California.

This species nests during March in the large cypress and pine groves at high elevations above the ground. The nests are similar in construction to those of the common Ruby-crown, and the eggs are scarcely different from some specimens of that species; white, dotted and wreathed with reddish brown. Size .56 × .43.

751. BLUE-GRAY GNATCATCHER. _Polioptila cærulea cærulea._

Range.--United States, east of the Rockies, breeding from the Gulf to the Middle and Central States; casually north to Massachusetts and Minnesota.

These graceful birds are bluish gray above with a black forehead and central tail feathers, and white underparts. They are common in wooded districts in the south, where they saddle their beautiful nests upon horizontal branches or in crotches usually at quite an elevation from the ground; they resemble large Ruby-throated Hummers' nests but the walls are much higher and thicker; they are made of plant fibres and down, lined with cottony substances and hair, and covered on the outside with lichens to match the limb upon which it is placed. Their eggs are bluish white, specked with reddish chestnut. Size .58 × .45. Data.--Chattanooga, Tenn., April 30, 1900. Nest of moss, covered with lichens and lined with hair and feathers; 20 feet from the ground in a small tree.

751a. WESTERN GNATCATCHER. _Polioptila cærulea obscura._

Range.--Western United States and Lower California.

The habits and eggs of this sub-species are the same as those of the eastern bird, and the nests do not differ except, perhaps, in less ornamentation of the exterior.

752. PLUMBEOUS GNATCATCHER. _Polioptila plumbea._

Range.--Mexican boundary from western Texas to southern California.

This species has a bright shining black crown and more black on the tail than the eastern Gnatcatcher. They saddle their nests upon the branches of trees or in upright forks, usually at an elevation of ten feet or more from the ground; the nests are made of plant fibres and fine bark strips, compactly felted together, and with little, if any, ornamental lichens on the exterior. Their eggs are pale greenish blue, spotted with reddish brown, and vary from three to five in number. Size .54 × .44.

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753. BLACK-TAILED GNATCATCHER. _Polioptila californica._

Range.--Pacific coast of southern California and northern Lower California.

This bird is very similar to the last but has still less white on the outer tail feathers. Like the last, the nests of this species usually lack the exterior covering of lichens, being made of vegetable fibres and plant down, firmly quilted together and saddled on horizontal limbs or placed in forks of trees at any height from the ground. Their eggs are grayish white, specked with bright reddish brown. Size .55 × .44. Data.--Escondido, Cal., May 17, 1903. 5 eggs. Nest on a large limb of a sycamore, 30 feet above ground; made of weed fibres, etc., lined with hair and fine fibres.

THRUSHES, SOLITAIRES, BLUEBIRDS, ETC. Family TURDIDAE

754. TOWNSEND'S SOLITAIRE. _Myadestes townsendi._

Range.--Western United States, breeding from Arizona, New Mexico and southern California north to British Columbia.

This unique species is of a uniform brownish gray color, with a white eye ring, narrow bar on wing, and outer tail feathers, and with the bases of the primaries rusty colored. It is a ground inhabiting bird, feeding upon insects and berries in shrubbery and thickets. Their song is said to be liquid, melodious and often long continued, equaling that of any other bird. They nest on the ground in hollows under banks or crevices about roots of trees or fallen stumps, making a large, loosely constructed pile of weeds and trash, hollowed and lined with rootlets. The three or four eggs, which are laid in June, are grayish white, spotted with pale brown, chiefly or most abundantly about the large end. Size .96 × .70.

755. WOOD THRUSH. _Hylocichla mustelina._

Range.--Eastern United States, breeding from North Carolina and Kansas north to northern United States; winters south of our borders.

This Thrush with his brightly spotted breast is the most handsome of this group of musical birds. They are common in damp woods and thickets, in which places they breed, placing their nests of straw, leaves and grasses in low trees usually between four and ten feet from the ground; their nests are often very rustic, being ornamented by pieces of paper and twigs with dead leaves attached hanging from the sides of the quite bulky structures. During May or June they lay three or four greenish blue eggs of about the shade of a Robin's. Size 1.05 × .70.

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756. VEERY. _Hylocichla fuscescens fuscescens._

Range.--Eastern North America, breeding in the northern half of its United States range and in the southern British Provinces.

The Veery is very abundantly distributed in woodland, either moist or dry, and nests on the ground or within a very few inches of it, usually placing its structures of woven bark strips and grasses, in the midst of a clump of sprouts or ferns. The three or four eggs which they lay in May or June are bluish green, much darker than those of the Wood Thrush, and nearly the color of those of the Catbird. Size .90 × .65.

756a. WILLOW THRUSH. _Hylocichla fuscescens salicicola._

Range.--Rocky Mountain region, north to British Columbia.

The nests and eggs of this similar bird do not differ from those of the last.

757. GRAY-CHEEKED THRUSH. _Hylocichla aliciæ aliciæ._

Range.--Breeds from Labrador to Alaska; winters south to Central America.

The nesting habits and eggs of this species are very similar to those of the following sub-species and the same description will answer for both.

757. BICKNELL'S THRUSH. _Hylocichla aliciæ bicknelli._

Range.--Breeds in the Catskills, White Mountains and Nova Scotia.

These birds, which are practically identical with the preceding, build their nests at low elevations in trees, usually evergreens when present, making them of twigs, moss and rootlets, lined with fine grasses. The eggs, which are laid during May or June, are pale greenish blue, spotted and blotched with pale brown or russet. Size .88 × .64. Data.--Seal Island, Nova Scotia, June 3, 1901. Nest of green moss and rootlets, in a spruce, 5 feet from the ground.

758. RUSSET-BACKED THRUSH. _Hylocichla ustulata ustulata._

Range.--Pacific coast, breeding in Oregon and Alaska; winters in Central America.

This species is very abundant in moist thickets throughout its range, nesting in bushes and low trees, and making them of weed

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stalks, bark strips, grasses and moss, lined with fine black rootlets. They are found at elevations of from two to ten feet above the ground. Like the Wood Thrush the birds are tame while sitting on the nest and will allow a very close approach, without taking alarm; nests are frequently found which are made almost entirely out of green moss and are very handsome structures. Their three to five eggs are laid in May or June; they are greenish blue, spotted with brown of varying shades. Size .92 × .65. Data.--Eureka, California, July 6, 1899. Nest in a fir tree, 5 feet from the ground; made of moss and strips of redwood bark. 4 eggs.

758a. OLIVE-BACKED THRUSH. _Hylocichla swainsoni._

Range.--Eastern North America, breeding chiefly north of the United States, but locally in the northern parts, and abundantly in mountain ranges.

The nesting habits and eggs of this eastern representative of the last species are like those of that bird in all respects and the eggs cannot be distinguished from those of _ustulatus_.

758b. OLIVE-BACKED THRUSH. _Hylocichla œdica_.

Range.--California and southern Oregon.

Nesting habits and eggs identical with those of _ustulatus._

759. ALASKA HERMIT THRUSH. _Hylocichla guttata guttata._

Range.--Pacific coast from British Columbia to Alaska. Winters in Mexico.

The Hermit Thrushes can readily be identified from any other by the reddish brown tail which is in marked contrast to the color of the back. The nesting habits and eggs of this species are precisely like those of the eastern Hermit Thrush, which is a sub-species of this.

759a. AUDUBON'S HERMIT THRUSH. _Hylocichla guttata auduboni._

Range.--Rocky Mountain region of the United States. Winters in Central America.

The nesting habits of this bird are like those of the next except that it more frequently nests in bushes above the ground. The eggs are not distinctive.

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759b. HERMIT THRUSH. _Hylocichla guttata pallasi._

Range.--Eastern North America, breeding in northern United States and north to Labrador; winters in southern United States.

This species, which is noted for its sweet and musical song, frequents damp swamps and thickets where it builds its nest either on the ground or near it, like that of the Wilson Thrush; it is made of shreds of bark, grasses, leaves and rootlets, lined with fine rootlets; the three or four eggs, which are deposited in May or June, are bluish green and cannot, with certainty, be distinguished from those of the Veery; size .85 × .65.

759c. DWARF HERMIT THRUSH. _Hylocichla guttata nanus._

Range.--Pacific coast of United States, from Washington, southward.

The nesting habits and eggs of this slightly smaller and duller colored variety are like those of the other Hermit Thrushes.

760. RED-WINGED THRUSH. _Turdus musicus._

Range.--An Old World species, accidentally straying to Greenland.

This common European bird nests at low elevations in bushes or trees, laying four or five bluish green eggs, spotted with reddish brown; size 1.05 × .75.

761. ROBIN. _Planesticus migratorius migratorius._

Range.--North America east of the Rockies, breeding from the middle portions of the United States, north to the Arctic Ocean.

These common birds nest in trees about houses, in orchards, open woods, in corners of fences, on blinds on houses, and in fact almost every conceivable position. Their nests are made of grasses, firmly cemented together with mud and lined with finer grasses; when placed in trees they are generally firmly saddled in crotches and may be found at any height, from on the ground to sixty feet above it. Their eggs are greenish blue; size 1.15 × .80. Eggs may be found at any time from May until July or August as they raise several broods a season.

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761b. SOUTHERN ROBIN. _Planesticus migratorius achrusterus._

Range.--The Carolinas and Georgia.

The eggs of this bird, which is said to be smaller and duller colored than the northern variety, show no differences in any respect.

762. SAN LUCAS ROBIN. _Planesticus confinis._

Range.--Southern Lower California.

This is a very much paler form of the American Robin; its eggs probably will not differ from those of the others.

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763. VARIED THRUSH. _Ixoreus nævius nævius._

Range.--Pacific coast from northern California to Alaska; south to Mexico in winter.

These handsome birds breed abundantly in Alaska and locally in mountain ranges south to northern California. They nest at low elevations in trees, making them of moss, twigs, weeds and grasses, forming a flat shallow structure. Their eggs are greenish blue sharply but sparingly spotted with dark brown; size 1.12 × .80. Data.--Delta of Kowak River, Alaska, June 11, 1899. Four eggs. Nest 12 feet from the ground, against the trunk of a slender spruce and supported by a clump of stiff twigs.

763a. NORTHERN VARIED THRUSH. _Ixoreus nævius meruloides._

Range.--Interior of western North America, breeding from British Columbia to Alaska. Its habits and eggs do not differ from those of the last.

764. SIBERIAN RED-SPOTTED BLUETHROAT. _Cyanosylvia suecica robusta._

Range.--Northern Asia; casually to Alaska.

This beautiful foreigner nests on the ground and lays four to six greenish blue eggs, spotted with reddish brown; size .75 × .50.

765. WHEATEAR. _Saxicola œnanthe œnanthe._

Range.--Asia; casual in Alaska in summer; nesting habits and eggs like the next.

765a. GREENLAND WHEATEAR. _Saxicola œnanthe leucorhoa._

Range.--Europe and Greenland; casual on the Atlantic coast of North America.

This very abundant Old World species is a common breeding bird in Greenland and probably also in Labrador. They nest in crevices of quarries, holes in the ground, or stone walls, making a rude nest of weeds, moss or grasses, lined with hair or feathers, and during May lay from four to six pale greenish blue eggs; size .90 × .60.

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766. BLUEBIRD. _Sialia sialis sialis._

Range.--Eastern United States, breeding from the Gulf to southern Canada. Winters in the southern half of the United States.

These familiar birds build in cavities in trees, usually below 20 feet from the ground, crevices among ledges, bird boxes and in any suitable nook they may discover about buildings, providing that English Sparrows do not molest them. They raise several broods a year, commencing in April when they lay from three to six pale bluish white eggs (rarely pure white); size .80 × .60. The cavities of their nesting sites are lined with grasses and feathers usually, although I have found the eggs on the unlined bottom of cavities in trees.

766a. AZURE BLUEBIRD. _Sialia sialis fulva._

Range.--This pale variety is found in southern Arizona and southward.

Its nesting habits are the same and the eggs are indistinguishable from the last.

767. WESTERN BLUEBIRD. _Sialia mexicana occidentalis._

Range.--Pacific coast from Lower California to British Columbia.

The Western Bluebird is as common and familiar in its range as the common Bluebird is in the east. It nests in similar locations and its eggs are scarcely distinguishable, although averaging a trifle darker in shade; size .80 × .60.

767a. CHESTNUT-BACKED BLUEBIRD. _Sialia mexicana bairdi._

Range.--Rocky Mountain region from Mexico to Wyoming.

The nesting habits or eggs of this brighter colored bird do not differ from those of the last species.

767b. SAN PEDRO BLUEBIRD. _Sialia mexicana anabelæ._

Range.--San Pedro Martir Mountains in Lower California.

The eggs of this variety will not in all probability be any different from those of the preceding Bluebirds.

768. MOUNTAIN BLUEBIRD. _Sialia currucoides._

Range.--Rocky Mountain region, breeding from New Mexico north to Great Slave Lake; winters in southwestern United States and Mexico.

This azure blue species is common in the greater part of its range and is found west to the Sierra Nevadas in California. Like the eastern Bluebird they nest in holes in trees or anywhere that they can find a suitable cavity or crevice. Their eggs are slightly larger than those of the other Bluebirds and have a slight greenish tint; size .85 × .64.

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INDEX

Acanthis hornemanni, 328
" exilipes, 328
linaria, 329
" holbœli, 329
" rostrata, 329

Acanthopneuste borealis, 430

Accipiter cooperi, 205
velox, 204

Actitis macularia, 158

Æchmophorus occidentalis, 11

Æegialitis dubia, 166
hiaticula, 166
meloda, 166
mongola, 167
nivosa, 167
semipalmata, 165

Aeronautes melanoleucus, 270

Æstrelata fisheri, 67
hasitata, 67
scalaris, 67

Aethia cristatella, 25
" pygmaea, 25
" pusilla, 26

Agelaius gubernator californicus, 317
phœniceus, 316
" bryanti, 316
" caurinus, 316
" floridanus, 316
" fortis, 316
" neutralis, 316
" sonoriensis, 316
tricolor, 317

Aimophila carpalis, 353
ruficeps, 353
" eremœca, 353
" scotti, 353
" sororia, 353

Aix sponsa, 95

Ajaja ajaja, 115

Alauda arvensis, 297

Alaudidæ, 297

Albatross, Black-footed, 59
Laysan, 60
Short-tailed, 59
Sooty, 60
Yellow-nosed, 60

Alca torda, 31

Alcedinidæ, 247

Alcidæ, 21

Alle alle, 34

Aluconidæ, 227

Alucopratincola, 227

Amzillis cerviniventris chalconota, 279
tzacatl, 278

Ammodramus bairdi, 338
savannarum australis, 338
" bimaculatus, 338
" floridanus, 340

Amphispiza belli, 351
nevadensis cinerea, 352
" nevadensis, 352
bilineata bilineata, 351
" deserticola, 351

Anas platyrhynchos, 88
fulvigula fulvigula, 90
" maculosa, 91
rubripes, 90

Anatidæ, 87

Anhinga, 77
anhinga, 77

Anhingidæ, 77

Ani, 241
Grove-billed, 243

Anous stolidus, 57

Anser albifrons albifrons, 108
" gambeli, 108
fabalis, 108

Anseres, 87

Anthus cervinus, 419
pratensis, 418
rubescens, 418
spraguei, 419

Antrostomus carolinensis, 263
vociferus vociferus, 263
" macromystax, 264

Aphelocoma californica californica, 307

Aphelocoma californica hypoleuca, 307
" obscura, 307
cyanea, 306
cyanotis, 307
insularis, 307
sieberi arizonæ, 307
" couchi, 308
texana, 307
woodhousei, 306

Aphriza virgata, 169

Aphrizidæ, 169

Aquila chrysætos, 215

Aramidæ, 129

Aramus vociferus, 129

Archibuteo ferrugineus, 215
lagopus sancti-johannis, 214

Archilochus alexandri, 273
" colubris, 273

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Arctonetta fischeri, 102

Ardea cinerea, 122
" herodias, 121
" fannini, 121
" wardi, 122
" occidentalis, 121

Ardeidæ, 119

Arenaria interpres interpres, 169
melanocephala, 170
morinella, 169

Arquatella maritima couesi, 146
ptilocnemis, 147
maritima maritima, 146

Arremonops rufivirgatus, 357

Asio accipitrinus, 229 " flammeus, 229 " wilsonianus, 227

Astragalinus lawrencei, 331
psaltria psaltria, 331
tristis tristis, 329
" pallidus, 331
" salicamans, 331

Astur atricapillus atricapillus, 205
" striatulus, 207

Asturina plagiata, 214

Asyndesmus lewisi, 257

Atthis morcomi, 278

Auk, Great, 33-32
Razor-billed, 31

Auklet, Cassin's, 24
Crested, 26
Least, 27
Paroquet, 26
Rhinoceros, 23
Whiskered, 26

Auriparus flaviceps flaviceps, 439
" lamprocephalus, 439

Avocet, 139

Bæolophus atricristatus atricristatus, 433
bicolor, 433
inornatus inornatus, 434
" cineraceus, 434
" griseus, 434
wollweberi, 434

Baldpate, 92

Bartramia longicauda, 156

Basilinna leucotis, 279
xantusi, 279

Becard, Xantus's, 280

Bittern, 119
Cory's Least, 120
Least, 120

Blackbird, Bicolored, 317
Brewer's, 322
Red-winged, 316
Rusty, 322
Tricolored, 317
Yellow-headed, 315

Bluebird, 448
Azure, 448
Chestnut-backed, 450
Mountain, 450
San Pedro, 450
Western, 450

Bluethroat Siberian Red-spotted, 448

Bobolink, 314

Bob-white, 175
Florida, 175
Masked, 175
Texan, 175

Bombycilla cedrorum, 375
garrula, 375

Bombycillidæ, 375

Bonasa umbellus umbellus, 180
" sabini, 182
" togata, 182
" umbelloides, 182

Booby, 75
Blue-faced, 74
Blue-footed, 74
Brewster's, 75
Red-footed, 75

Botaurus lentiginosus, 119

Brachyramphus brevirostris, 27
craveri's, 28
hypoleucus, 27
marmoratus, 27

Brant, 111
Black, 111

Branta bernicla glaucogastra, 111
canadensis canadensis, 109
" hutchinsi, 109
" minima, 109
" occidentalis, 109
leucopsis, 112

Branta nigricans, 111

Bubo virginianus virginianus, 235
" elachistus, 237
" pacificus, 235
" pallescens, 235
" saturatus, 235
" subarticus, 235

Budytes flavus alascensis, 418

Buffle-head, 100

Bullfinch, Cassin's, 325

Bulweria bulweri, 67

Bunting, Beautiful, 367
Indigo, 366
Lark, 369
Lazuli, 366
McKay's Snow, 333
Painted, 367
Pribilof Snow, 332

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Snow, 332
Varied, 367

Bush-Tit, 437
California, 438
Grinda's, 438
Lead-colored, 438
Lloyd's, 438

Buteo abbreviatus, 211
albicaudatus sennetti, 212
borealis borealis, 208
" calurus, 208
" harlani, 209
" krideri, 208
brachyurus, 213
lineatus lineatus, 209
" alleni, 209
" elegans, 211
platypterus, 213
swainsoni, 212

Buteonidæ, 201

Butorides virescens virescens, 124
" anthonyi, 125
" frazari, 125

Buzzard, Turkey, 199

Calamospiza melanocorys, 369

Calcarius lapponicus lapponicus, 333
" alascensis, 333
ornatus, 334
pictus, 334

Calidris leucophæa, 151

Callichelidon cyaneoviridis, 374

Callothrus robustus.

Callipepla squamata squamata, 176
" castanogastris, 177

Calothorax lucifer, 278

Calypte anna, 275
costæ, 275

Campephilus principalis, 249
labradorius, 101

Camptostoma imberbe, 296

Canachites canadensis canadensis, 179
" canace, 179
" osgoodi, 179
franklini, 180

Canvas-back, 97

Caprimulgidæ, 263

Caracara, Audubon, 224
Guadalupe, 224

Cardellina rubrifrons, 417

Cardinal, 363
Arizona, 363
Florida, 364
Gray-tailed, 364
San Lucas, 363

Cardinalis cardinalis cardinalis, 363
" canicaudus, 364
" floridanus, 364

Cardinalis igneus, 363
" superbus, 363

Carpodacus amplus, 326
cassini, 326
mcgregori, 326
mexicanus clementis, 326
" frontalis, 326
" ruberrimus, 326
purpureus purpureus, 325
" californicus, 325

Casarca ferruginea, 93

Catbird, 420

Catharista urubu, 199

Cathartes aura septentrionalis, 199

Cathartidæ, 198

Catherpes mexicanus albifrons, 424
" conspersus, 425
" punctulatus, 425

Catoptrophorus semipalmatus semipalmatus, 155
semipalmatus inornatus, 156

Centrocercus urophasianus, 188

Centurus aurifrons, 258
carolinus, 257
uropygialis, 258

Cepphus columba, 29
grylle, 28
mandti, 29

Cerorhinca monocerata, 23

Certhia familiaris albescens, 430
" americana, 430
" montana, 430

Certhia familiaris occidentalis, 430
" zelotes, 430

Certhiidæ, 430

Ceryle alcyon, 247
americana septentrionalis, 249
torquata, 247

Chachalaca, 191

Chæmepelia passerina terrestris, 195
" pallescens, 195
" bermudiana, 195

Chætura pelagica, 269
vauxi, 270

Chamæa fasciata fasciata, 437
" henshawi, 437

Chamæthlypis poliocephala, 413

Charadriidæ, 161

Charadrius apricarius, 163
dominicus dominicus, 163
" fulvus, 163

Charitonetta albeola, 100

Chat, Long-tailed, 413
Yellow-breasted, 413

Chaulelasmus streperus, 91

Chen cærulescens, 107
hyperboreus hyperboreus, 107

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Chen hyperboreus Nivalis, 107
rossi, 108

Chewink, 358

Chickadee, 434
Acadian, 436
Alaska, 436
Barlow's, 437
California, 437
Carolina, 435
Chestnut-backed, 437
Hudsonian, 436
Long-tailed, 435
Mexican, 435
Mountain, 435
Oregon, 435
Plumbeous, 435

Chondestes grammacus grammacus, 342
strigatus, 342

Chordeiles acutipennis texensis, 268
virginianus virginianus, 266
" chapmani, 266
" henryi, 266
" sennetti, 268

Chuck-will's widow, 263

Ciconiidæ, 118

Cinclidæ, 419

Cinclus mexicanus unicolor, 419

Circus hudsonius, 204

Cistothorus stellaris, 428

Clangula clangula americana, 99
islandica, 99

Coccyges, 241

Coccyzus americanus americanus, 244
" occidentalis, 246
erythrophthalmus, 246

Cœreba bahamensis, 385

Cœrebidæ, 385
minor minor, 244
" maynardi, 244

Colaptes auratus auratus, 258
" luteus, 259
cafer collaris, 259

Colaptes cafer saturatior, 259
chrysoides, 262
rufipileus, 262

Colinus ridgwayi, 175
virginianus, 175
" floridanus, 175
" texanus, 175

Columba fasciata fasciata, 192
" vioscæ, 192
flavirostris, 192
leucocephala, 192
squamosa, 192

Columba, 192

Columbæ, 192

Columbidæ, 192

Colymbidæ, 11

Colymbus auritus, 13
dominicus brachypterus, 15
holbœlli, 11
nigricollis californicus, 13

Compsothlypis americana americana, 390
americana usneæ, 390
nigrilora, 391

Conuropsis carolinensis, 241

Coot, 136
European, 136

Cormorant, 79
Baird's, 82
Brandt's, 82
Double-crested, 79
Farallon, 81
Florida, 81
Mexican, 81
Pelagic, 82
Red-faced, 82
Violet-green, 82
White-crested, 81

Corvidæ, 300

Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos, 312
brachyrhynchos pascuus, 312
corax principalis, 311
" sinuatus, 311
cryptoleucus, 311
ossifragus, 312

Cotingidæ, 280

Cowbird, 314
Dwarf, 315
Red-eyed, 315

Cracidæ, 191

Crake, Corn, 135
Spotted, 133

Crane, Little Brown, 127
Sandhill, 129
Whooping, 127

Creciscus jamaicensis, 134
coturniculus, 134

Creeper, Brown, 430
California, 430
Mexican, 430
Rocky Mountain, 430
Sierra, 430

Crex Crex, 135

Crossbill, 327
Mexican, 327
White-winged, 327

Crotophaga ani, 241
sulcirostris, 243

Crow, 312
Carrion, 199
Fish, 312

Page 455

Florida, 312

Cryptoglaux funerea richardsoni, 232
acadica acadica, 232
" scotæa, 232

Cuckoo, Black-billed, 246
California, 246
Kamchatka, 246
Mangrove, 244
Maynard's, 244
Yellow-billed, 244

Cuculidæ, 241

Cuculus canorus telephonus, 246

Curlew, Bristle-thighed, 160
Eskimo, 160
Hudsonian, 159
Long-billed, 159

Cyanocephalus cyanocephalus, 313

Cyanolæmus clemenciæ, 271

Cyanocitta cristata cristata, 303
" florincola, 303
stelleri stelleri, 303
" annectens, 306
" carlottæ, 306
" diademata, 303
" frontalis, 303

Cyanosylvia suecica robusta, 448

Cyanthus latirostris, 279

Cypseloides niger borealis, 268

Cyrtonyx montezumæ mearnsi, 178

Dafila acuta, 94

Daption capense, 67

Darters, 77

Dendragapus obscurus obscurus, 178
" fuliginosus, 178
" richardsoni, 179

Dendrocygna autumnalis, 113
bicolor, 113

Dendroica æstiva æstiva, 392
" rubiginosa, 392
" sonorana, 292
auduboni auduboni, 395
" nigrifrons, 395
bryanti castaneiceps, 394
castanea, 398
cærulea, 396
cærulescens cærulescens, 394
" cairnsi, 394
chrysoparia, 402
coronata, 395
discolor, 407
dominica albilora, 401
dominica dominica, 401
fusca, 399
graciæ, 401
kirtlandi, 404
magnolia, 396
nigrescens, 402
occidentalis, 404
palmarum palmarum, 405
" hypochrysea, 405
pensylvanica, 398
striata, 399
tigrina, 391
townsendi, 403
vigorsi, 405
virens, 403

Dichromanassa rufescens, 123

Dickcissel, 368

Diomedea albatrus, 59
immutabilis, 60
nigripes, 59

Diomedeidæ 59

Dipper, 419

Dolichonyx oryzivorus, 314

Dotterel, 161

Dove, Bermuda Ground, 195
Blue-headed Quail, 196
Ground, 195
Inca, 196
Key West Quail, 196
Mexican Ground, 195
Mourning, 193
Ruddy Quail, 196
White-fronted, 195
White-winged, 195
Zenaida, 194

Dovekie, 34

Dowitcher, 144
Long-billed, 145

Dryobates arizonæ, 252
borealis, 252
nuttalli, 252
pubescens pubescens, 251
" gairdneri, 251
" homorus, 251
" medianus, 251
" nelsoni, 251
" turati, 251
scalaris bairdi, 252
" lucasanus, 252
villosus villosus, 250
" auduboni, 250
" harrisi, 250
" hyloscopus, 250
" leucomelas, 250
" monticola, 250
" picoideus, 250

Duck, Black, 90
Florida, 90
Harlequin, 101
Labrador, 101
Lesser Scaup, 98
Masked, 106
Mottled, 91

Page 456

Ring-necked, 98
Ruddy, 106
Rufous-crested, 95
Scaup, 97
Wood, 95

Dumetella carolinensis, 420

Dunlin, 149

Eagle, Bald, 217
Golden, 215
Gray Sea, 217
Northern Bald, 217

Ectopistes migratorius, 193

Egret, 122
Reddish, 123
Snowy, 122

Egretta candidissima candidissima 122

Eider, 103
King, 104
Northern, 102
Pacific, 103
Spectacled, 102
Steller's, 102

Elanoides forficatus, 201

Elanus leucurus, 201

Empidonax difficilis cineritius, 294
difficilis difficilis, 293
flaviventris, 293
fulvifrons pygmæus, 296
griseus, 296
hammondi, 295
minimus, 295
trailli trailli, 294
" alnorum, 295
virescens, 294
wrighti, 295

Ereunetes mauri, 151
pusillus, 150

Erismatura jamaicensis, 106

Erolia ferruginea, 149

Eudromias morinellus, 161

Eugenes fulgens, 271

Euphagus carolinus, 322
cyanocephalus, 322

Eurynorhynchus pygmeus, 150

Falco æsalon, 221
columbarius columbarius, 220
" suckleyi, 220
fusco-cærulescens, 221
islandus, 218
mexicanus, 219
peregrinus anatum, 220
" pealei, 220
" peregrinus, 219
richardsoni, 220
rusticolus rusticolus, 218
" gyrfalco, 218
" obsoletus, 219
sparverius sparverius, 222
" peninsularis, 222
" phalœna, 221
sparveroides, 222
" tinnunculus, 221

Falcon Aplomado, 221
Peale's, 220
Peregrine, 219
Prairie, 219

Finch, Aleutian Rosy, 327
Black Rosy, 328
Brown-capped Rosy, 328
California Purple, 325
Cassin's Purple, 326
Gray-crowned Rosy, 328
Guadalupe House, 326
Hepburn's Rosy, 328
House, 326
McGregor's House, 326
Purple, 325
San Clemente House, 326
San Lucas House, 326

Flamingo, 115

Flicker, 258
Gilded, 262
Guadalupe, 262
Northern, 259
Northwestern, 259
Red-shafted, 259

Florida Cœrulea, 124

Flycatcher, Acadian, 294
Alder, 295
Arizona Crested, 286
Ash-throated, 286
Beardless, 296
Buff-breasted, 296
Coues's, 291
Crested, 285
Derby, 284
Fork-tailed, 280
Gray, 296
Hammond's, 295
Least, 295
Lower California, 287
Flycatcher, Mexican Crested, 286
Olivaceous, 287
Olive-sided, 290
San Lucas, 294
Scissor-tailed, 281
Sulphur-bellied, 285
Traill's, 294
Vermilion, 296
Western, 293
Wright's, 295
Yellow-bellied, 293

Fratercula arctica arctica, 22
" naumanni, 23

Page 457

corniculata, 23

Fregata aquila, 86

Fregatidæ, 86

Fregetta grallaria, 71

Frigate Bird, 86

Fringillidæ, 324

Fulica americana, 136
atra, 136

Fulmar, 62
Giant, 62
Pacific, 63
Rodgers's, 63
Slender-billed, 63

Fulmarus glacialis glacialis, 62
" glupischa, 63
rodgersi, 63

Gadwall, 91

Gallinæ, 175

Gallinago delicata, 143
gallinago, 140
meda, 143

Gallinula galeata, 136

Gallinule, Florida, 136
Purple, 135

Gannet, 76

Gavia adamsi, 18
arctica, 18
immer, 18
stellata, 19
pacifica, 19

Gaviidæ, 17

Gelochelidon nilotica, 50

Geococcyx californianus, 243
beldingi, 413
trichas arizela, 412
" trichas, 412
" arizela, 412
" ignota, 412
" occidentalis, 412
" sinousa, 412

Geotrygon chrysia, 196
montana, 196

Glaucidium gnoma californicum, 239
" gnoma, 239
hoskinsi, 239
phalænoides, 240

Glottis nebularia, 152

Gnatcatcher, Black-tailed, 442
Blue-gray, 441
Plumbeous, 441
Western, 441

Godwit, Black-tailed, 152
Hudsonian, 152
Marbled, 151
Pacific, 152

Golden-eye, 99
Barrow's, 99

Goldfinch, 329
Arkansas, 331
Black-headed, 331
Lawrence's, 331
Pale, 331
Willow, 331

Goose, American White-fronted, 108
Barnacle, 112
Bean, 108
Blue, 107
Canada, 109
Cackling, 109
Emperor 112
Greater Snow, 107
Hutchins's, 109
Ross's, 108
Snow, 107
White-cheeked, 109
White-fronted, 108

Goshawk, 205
Mexican, 214
Western, 207

Grackle, Boat-tailed, 323
Bronzed, 323
Florida, 323
Great-tailed, 324
Purple, 323

Grassquit, 368
Melodious, 368

Grebe, Eared, 13
Holbœll's, 11-12
Horned, 12-13
Least, 15
Pied-billed, 15-16
Mexican, 15
Western, 11

Greenshank, 152

Grosbeak, Alaska Pine, 325
Black-headed, 365
Blue, 366
California Pine, 325
Evening, 324
Kadiak Pine, 325
Pine, 324
Rocky Mountain Pine, 325
Rose-breasted, 365
Western Blue, 366
Western Evening, 324

Grouse.
Canada Ruffed, 182
Columbian Sharp-tailed, 187
Dusky, 178
Franklin's, 180
Gray Ruffed, 182
Oregon Ruffed, 182
Prairie Sharp-tailed, 187
Richardson's, 179

Page 458

Ruffed, 180
Sharp-tailed, 187
Sooty, 178

Gruidæ, 127

Grus americana, 127
canadensis, 127
mexicana, 129

Guara alba, 117
rubra, 117

Guillemot, Black, 28
Mandt, 29
Pigeon, 29

Guiraca cærulea, 366
" lazula, 366

Gull, Bonaparte's, 48
California, 45
Franklin's, 48
Glaucous, 40
Glaucous-winged, 42
Great Black-backed, 43
Heerman's, 46
Herring, 44
Iceland, 41
Ivory, 39
Kittiwake, 39
Kumlien, 42
Laughing, 47
Little, 49
Mew, 46
Nelson, 42
Pacific Kittiwake, 40
Point Barrow, 41
Red-legged Kittiwake, 40
Ring-billed, 45
Ross's, 49
Sabine's, 49
Short-billed, 46
Siberian, 44
Slaty-backed, 43
Vega, 45
Western, 44

Gymnogyps californianus, 198

Gyrfalcon, 218
Black, 219
Gray, 218
White, 218

Hæmatopodidæ, 170

Hæmatopus bachmani, 171
frazari, 171
ostralegus, 170
palliatus, 170

Haliæetus albicilla, 217
leucocephalus leucocephalus, 217
" alascanus, 217

Halocyptena microsoma 68

Harelda hyemalis, 100

Hawk, Black Pigeon, 220
Broad-winged, 213
Cooper's, 205
Cuban Sparrow, 222
Desert Sparrow, 221
Duck, 220
Florida Red-shouldered, 209
Harlan's, 209
Harris's, 207
Krider's, 208
Marsh, 204
Mexican Black, 213
Pigeon, 220
Red-bellied, 211
Red-shouldered, 209
Red-tailed, 208
Richardson's Pigeon, 220
Rough-legged, 214
Sennett's White-tailed, 212
Sharp-shinned, 204
Short-tailed, 213
Sparrow, 222
San Lucas Sparrow, 222
Swainson's, 212
Western Red-tail, 208
Zone-tailed, 211

Heath Hen, 186

Heleodytes brunneicapillus affinis, 424
" couesi, 423
" bryanti, 424

Helinaia swainsoni, 386

Helmitheros vermivorus, 386

Helodromas ochropus, 155
solitarius solitarius, 154
" cinnamomeus, 155

Herodias egretta, 122

Herodiones, 115

Heron, Anthony's Green, 125
Black-crowned Night, 126
European, 122
Frazar's Green, 125
Great Blue, 121
Great White, 121
Green, 124
Little Blue, 124
Louisiana, 123
Northwestern Coast, 121
Snowy, 122
Ward's, 122
Yellow-crowned Night, 126

Heteractitis incanus, 156

Hesperiphona vespertina vespertina, 324
vespertina montana, 324

Himantopus mexicanus, 139

Hirundinidæ, 372

Hirundo erythrogastra, 373

Page 459

Histrionicus histrionicus, 101

Honey Creeper, Bahama, 385

Hummingbird, Allen's, 277
Anna's, 275
Black-chinned, 273
Blue-throated, 271
Broad-billed, 279
Broad-tailed, 276
Buff-bellied, 279
Calliope, 278
Costa's, 275
Lucifer, 278
Morcom's, 278
Reiffer's, 278
Rivoli's, 271
Ruby-throated, 273
Rufous, 276
White-eared, 279
Xantus's, 279

Hydranassa tricolor ruficollis, 123

Hydrochelidon leucoptera, 57
nigra surinamensis, 56

Hylocichla aliciæ aliciæ, 443
" bicknelli, 443
fuscescens fuscescens, 443
" salicicola, 443
guttata auduboni, 445
" guttata, 445
" mustelina, 442
" nanus, 446
" pallasi, 446
ustulata swainsoni, 445
" ustulata, 443

Ibididæ, 117

Ibis, Glossy, 118
Scarlet, 117
White, 117
White-faced Glossy, 118
Wood, 118

Icteria virens virens, 413
" longicauda, 413

Icteridæ, 314

Icterus melanocephalus auduboni, 319
bullocki, 322
cucullatus nelsoni, 320
" sennetti, 320
galbula, 321
parisorum, 320
spurius, 321

Ictinia mississippiensis, 202

Ionornis martinicus, 135

Iridoprocne bicolor, 373

Ixobrychus exilis, 120
neoxenus, 120

Ixoreus nævius meruloides, 448
" nævius, 448

Jabiru, 119

Jabiru mycteria, 119

Jacana, Mexican, 172
spinosa, 172

Jacanidæ, 172

Jæger, Long-tailed, 37
Parastic, 37
Pomarine, 36

Jay, Alaska, 309
Arizona, 307
Belding's, 307
Black-headed, 306
Blue, 303
Blue-eared, 307
Blue-fronted, 303
California, 307
Canada, 308
Couch's, 308
Florida, 306
Florida Blue, 303
Gray, 311
Green, 308
Labrador, 309
Long-crested, 303
Oregon, 309
Pinon, 313
Queen Charlotte, 306
Rocky Mountain, 309
Santa Cruz, 307
Steller's, 303
Texas, 307
Woodhouse's, 306
Xantus's, 307

Junco aikeni, 348
Arizona, 350
Baird's, 351
bairdi, 351
Carolina, 350
Guadalupe, 351
hyemalis hyemalis, 349
hyemalis carolinensis, 350
" mearnsi, 350
" connectens, 349
" montanus, 350
" oreganus, 349
" pinosus, 349
" thurberi, 349
insularis, 351
mearnsi.
Montana, 350
Oregon, 349
phæonotus dorsalis, 350
" palliatus, 350
Pink-sided, 350
Point Pinos, 349
Red-backed, 350
Shufeldt's, 349
Slate-colored, 349

Page 460

Thurber's, 349
Townsend's, 350
townsendi's, 350
White-winged, 348

Kestrel, 221

Killdeer, 165

Kingbird, 281
Arkansas, 283
Cassin's, 284
Couch's, 283
Gray, 283

Kingfisher, Belted, 247
Ringed, 247
Texas, 249

Kinglet, Dusky, 441
Golden-crowned, 439
Ruby-crowned, 440
Sitka, 441
Western Golden crowned, 440

Kite, Everglade, 202
Mississippi, 202
Swallow-tailed, 201
White-tailed, 201

Kittiwake, 39
Kittiwake, Pacific, 40
Red-legged, 40

Knot, 146

Lagopus evermanni, 184
lagopus lagopus, 183
" alleni, 183
leucurus leucurus, 185
" peninsularis, 185
rupestris, 183
" atkhensis, 184
" nelsoni, 184
" reinhardi, 184
" townsendi, 184
welchi, 184

Laniidæ, 376

Lanius borealis, 376
ludovicianus ludovicianus, 376
anthonyi, 376
" excubitorides, 378
" gambeli, 378

Lanivireo flavifrons, 382
solitarius alticola, 383
cassini, 382
lucasanus, 383
plumbeus, 382
solitarius, 382

Lapwing, 161

Laridæ, 38

Lark, California Horned, 298
Desert Horned, 298
Dusky Horned, 299
Horned, 297
Hoyt's Horned, 299
Island Horned, 299
Montezuma Horned, 299
Pallid Horned, 297
Prairie Horned, 298
Ruddy Horned, 298
Scorched Horned, 298
Sonora Horned, 299
Streaked Horned, 299
Texan Horned, 298

Larus affinis, 44
argentatus, 44
atricilla, 47
brachyrhynchus, 46
californicus, 45
canus, 46
delawarensis, 45
franklini, 48
glaucescens, 42
hyporboreus, 40
heermanni, 46
kumlieni, 42
leucopterus, 41
marinus, 43
minutus, 49
nelsoni, 42
occidentalis, 44
philadelphia, 48
schistisagus, 43
vegæ, 45

Leptotila fulviventris brachyptera, 195

Leucosticte, atrata, 328
australis, 328
griseonucha, 327
tephrocotis tephrocotis, 328
" littoralis, 328

Limicolæ, 137

Limosa fedoa, 151
hæmastica, 152
lapponica baueri, 152
limosa, 152

Limpkin, 129

Lobipes Lobatus, 137

Longipennes, 35

Longspur, Alaska, 333
Chestnut-collared, 334
Lapland, 333
McCown's, 334
Smith's, 334

Loon, 38-17-20-18
Black-throated, 18
Pacific, 19
Red-throated, 19
Yellow-billed, 18

Lophodytes cucullatus 88

Lophortyx californica, 177
" vallicola, 177
gambeli, 177

Page 461

Loxia curvirostra minor, 327
" stricklandi, 327
leucoptera, 327

Lunda cirrhata, 22

Machetes Pugnax, 156

Macrochires, 262

Macronectes giganteus, 62

Macrorhamphus griseus griseus, 144
" scolopaceus, 145

Magpie, Yellow-billed, 300

Mallard, 88

Man-o'-War Bird, 86

Mareca americana, 92
penelope, 91

Marila affinis, 98
americana, 95
collaris, 98
marila, 97
valisineria, 97

Martin, Cuban, 372
Purple, 372
Western, 372

Meadowlark, 317
Rio Grande, 317
southern, 319
Western, 319

Megalestris skua, 36

Megaquiscalus major major, 323
" macrourus, 324

Melanerpes erythrocephalus, 256
formicivorus formicivorus, 256
" angustifrons, 257
" bairdi, 257

Meleagridæ, 178

Meleagris gallopavo intermedia, 191
" merriami, 190
" osceola, 191
" silvestris, 190

Melopelia asiatica, 195

Melospiza melodia caurina, 355
" cooperi, 355
" clementæ, 355
" fallax, 354
" graminea, 355
" heermanni, 354
" insignis, 355
" juddi, 355
" kenaiensis, 355
" melodia, 354
" merrilli, 355
" montana, 354
" morphna, 354
" pusillula, 355
" rivularis, 355
" rufina, 355
" samuelis, 354
georgiana, 356
lincolni lincolni, 356
" striata, 356

Merganser, 87
Hooded, 88
Red-breasted, 88

Mergus americanus, 87
serrator, 88

Merlin, 221

Micropalama himantopus, 145

Micropallas whitneyi, 240

Micropodidæ, 268

Mimus polyglottos, 420
" polyglottos, 420
" leucopterus, 420

Mniotilta varia, 385

Mniotiltidæ, 385

Mockingbird, 420
Western, 420

Molothrus ater ater, 314

" obscurus, 315

Motacilla alba, 418
ocularis, 418

Motacillidæ, 418

Murre, 29
Brunnich's, 31
California, 30
Pallas's, 31

Murrelet, Ancient, 26
Craveri's, 28
Kittlitz, 27
Marbled, 27
Xantus, 27

Muscivora forficata, 281
tyrannus, 280

Myadestes townsendi, 442

Mycteria americana, 118

Myiarchus cinerascens cinerascens, 286

Myiarchus cinerascens pertinax, 287
crinitus, 285
olivascens, 287
magister magister, 286
nelsoni, 286

Myiochanes pertinax pallidiventris, 291
richardsoni richardsoni, 293
" peninsulæ, 293
virens, 291

Myiodynastes luteiventris, 285
Nannus alascensis, 428
meliger, 428
niemalis helleri, 428
" niemalis, 427
" pacificus, 428

Netta rufina, 95

Nettion carolinense, 92
crecca, 92

Nighthawk, 266

Page 462

Florida, 266
Sennett's, 268
Texas, 268
Western, 266

Noddy, 57

Nomonyx dominicus, 106

Nucifraga columbiana, 313

Numenius americanus, 159
borealis, 160
hudsonicus, 159
phæopus, 160
tahitiensis, 160

Nutcracker, Clark's, 313

Nuthatch, Brown-headed, 432
Florida White-breasted, 431
Pygmy, 432
Red-breasted, 432
Rocky Mountain, 431
Slender-billed, 431
San Lucas, 431
White-breasted, 431
White-naped, 433

Nuttallornis borealis, 290

Nyctanassa violacea, 126

Nyctea nyctea, 237

Nycticorax nycticorax nævius, 126

Nyctidromus albicollis merrilli, 265

Oceanites oceanicus, 71

Oceanodroma furcata, 68
homochroa, 70
kædingi, 69
leucorhoa, 69
macrodactyla, 69
melania, 70
socorrœnsis, 70

Ochthodromus wilsonius, 168

Odontoglossæ, 115

Odontophoridæ, 175

Oidemia americana, 104
deglandi, 105
fusca, 105
perspicillata, 105

Old-squaw, 100

Olor buccinator, 114
columbianus, 114
cygnus, 114

Oporornis agilis, 410
formosus, 410
philadelphia, 411
tolmei, 411

Oreortyx picta picta, 176
" confinis, 176
" plumifera, 176

Oreospiza chlorura, 361

Oriole, Arizona Hooded, 320
Audubon's, 319
Baltimore, 321
Bullock's, 322
Scott's, 320
Sennett's, 320

Orchard, 321

Oreoscoptes montanus, 419

Ortalis vetula mccalli, 191

Osprey, 225

Octocoris alpestris alpestris, 297
" actia, 298
" adusta, 299
" articola, 297
" giraudi, 298
" hoyti, 299
" insularis, 299
" leucolæma, 298
" merrilli, 299
" occidentalis, 299
" pallida, 299
" praticola, 298
" rubea, 298
" strigata, 299

Otus asio aikeni, 234
" asio, 233
" bendirei, 233
" cineraceus, 234
" floridanus, 233
" kennicotti, 233
" macfarlanei 234
" maxwelliæ, 233
" mccalli, 233
flammeolus flammeolus, 234
" idahoensis, 234
Trichopsis, 234
Xantusi, 234

Ouzel, Water, 419

Oven-bird, 407

Owl, Aiken's Screech, 234
Arctic Horned, 235
Barn, 227
Barred, 229
Burrowing, 238
California Pygmy, 239
California Screech, 233
Dusky Horned, 235
Dwarf Horned, 237
Dwarf Screech, 234
Elf, 240
European Hawk, 237
Ferruginous Pygmy, 240
Flammulated Screech, 234
Florida Barred, 229
Florida Burrowing, 239
" Screech, 233
Great Gray, 231
Great Horned, 235
Hawk, 238
Hoskin's Pygmy, 239

Page 463

Kennicott's Screech, 233
Lapp, 232
Long-eared, 227
MacFarlane's Screech, 234
Mexican Screech, 234
Northern Spotted, 231
Northwestern Saw-whet, 232
Pacific Horned, 235
Pygmy, 239
Richardson's, 232
Rocky Mountain Screech, 233
Saw-whet, 232
Screech, 233
Short-eared, 229
Snowy, 237
Spotted, 237
" Screech, 234
Texas Barred, 231
Texas Screech, 233
Western Horned, 235
Xantus's Screech, 234

Oxyechus vociferus, 165
Oyster-catcher, 170
European, 170
Black, 171
Frazar's, 171
Pagophila alba, 39
Paludicolæ, 127
Pandion haliætus carolinensis, 225
Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi, 207
Parauque, Merrill's, 265
Paroquet, Carolina, 241
Parrot, Thick-billed, 141
Partridge, Alaska Spruce, 179
Canada Spruce, 179
Hudsonian Spruce, 179
Passer domesticus, 335
Passerculus beldingi, 337
princeps, 337
rostratus rostratus, 338
" guttatus, 337
" santorum, 338
sandwichensis sandwichensis, 337
" alaudinus, 337
" bryanti, 337
" savanna, 337
Passerella iliaca fuliginosa, 357
" iliaca, 357
" insularis, 357
" megarhyncha, 357
" schistacea, 357
" stephensi, 357
" townsendi, 357
" unalaschensis, 357

Passeres, 280

Passerherbulus henslowi henslowi, 340
" occidentalis, 340
caudacutus, 340
lecontei, 340
maritimus fisheri, 341
" macgillivrai, 342
" maritimus, 341
" peninsulæ, 341
" sennetti, 341
nelsoni nelsoni, 341
" subvirgatus, 341
nigrescens, 342

Passerina amœna, 366
ciris, 367
cyanea, 366
versicolor versicolor, 367
" pulchra, 367

Pediœcetes phasianellus phasianellus, 187
phasianellus campestris, 187
" columbianus, 187

Pelagodroma marina, 71

Pelecanidæ, 83

Pelecanus californicus, 85
erythrorhynchos, 83
occidentalis, 85

Pelican, White, 83
Brown, 85
California Brown, 85

Pelidna alpina alpina, 149
" sakhalina, 149

Penthestes atricapillus atricapillus, 434
" occidentalis, 435
" septentrionalis, 435
carolinensis agilis, 435
" carolinensis, 435
cinctus alascensis, 436
" gambeli, 435
hudsonicus hudsonicus, 436
" littoralis, 436
rufescens barlowi, 437
" neglectus, 437
" rufescens, 437
sclateri, 435

Perisoreus canadensis canadensis, 308
" capitalis, 309
" fumifrons, 309
" nigricapillus, 309
obscurus obscurus, 309
" griseus, 311

Petrel, Ashy, 70
Black, 70
Black-capped, 67
Bulwer's, 67
Fisher's, 67
Fork-tailed, 68
Guadalupe, 69
Kæding's, 69
Leach's, 68

Page 464

Least, 68
Pintado, 67
Scaled, 67
Socorro, 70
Storm, 68
White-bellied, 71
White-faced, 71
Wilson's, 71

Petrochelidon fulva, 372
lunifrons lunifrons, 372
melanogastra, 373

Peucæa æstivalis æstivalis, 352
" bachmani, 352
botterii, 352
cassini, 353

Peucedramus olivaceus, 391

Pewee, Western Wood, 293
Large-billed Wood, 293
Wood, 291

Phæthon americanus, 72
æthereus, 73
rubricaudus, 73

Phæthontidæ, 72

Phainopepla, 376
nitens, 376

Phalacrocoracidæ, 78

Phalacrocorax carbo, 79
auritus auritus, 79
" albociliatus, 81
" cincinatus, 81
" floridanus, 81
vigua mexicanus, 81
pelagicus pelagicus, 82
" resplendens, 82
" robustus, 82
penicillatus, 82
urile, 82

Phalænoptilus nuttalli nuttalli, 264
" californicus, 264
" nitidus, 264

Phalarope, Northern, 137
Red, 137
Wilson's, 138

Phalaropodidæ, 137 Phalaropus fulicarius, 137 Phaleris psittacula, 25 Phasianidæ, 188 Phasianus torquatus, 188 Pheasant, Ring-necked, 188 Philacte canagica, 112 Philohela minor, 140 Phlœotomus pileatus pileatus, 255

Phœbe, 287
Black, 289
Say, 289

Phœbetria palpebrata, 60 Phœnicopteridæ, 115 Phœnicopterus ruber, 115 Pica pica hudsonia, 300 nuttalli, 300

Pici, 249

Picidæ, 249

Picoides americanus americanus, 253
" dorsalis, 254
" fasciatus, 254
arcticus, 253

Pigeon, Band-tailed, 192
Passenger, 193
Red-billed, 192
Scaled, 192
Viosca's, 192
White-crowned, 192

Pinicola enucleator alascensis, 325
" californica, 325
" flammula, 325
" leucura, 324
" montana, 325

Pintail 94

Pipilo aberti, 361
consobrinus, 360
erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus, 358
erythrophthalmus alleni, 358
fuscus albigula, 360
crissalis crissalis, 360
fuscus mesoleucus, 360
crissalis senicula, 361
maculatus arcticus, 358
" clementæ, 360
" magnirostris, 360
" megalonyx, 360
" montanus, 358
" oregonus, 360

Pipit, 418
Meadow, 418
Red-throated, 419
Sprague's, 419

Piranga erythromelas, 369
hepatica, 370
ludoviciana, 369
rubra rubra, 370
" cooperi, 370

Pisobia aurita, 147
bairdi, 148
damacensis, 149
fuscicollis, 148
maculata, 147
minutella, 148

Pitangus sulphuratus derbianus, 284

Planesticus confinis, 447
migratorius achrusterus, 447
" migratorius, 446
" propinquus, 446

Page 465

Plataleidæ, 115

Platypsaris aglaiæ albiventris, 280

Plautus impennis, 32-33

Plectrophenax hyperboreus, 333
nivalis nivalis, 332
" townsendi, 332

Plegadis autumnalis, 118
guarauna, 118

Plover, Black-bellied, 161
European Golden, 163
Golden, 163
Little Ringed, 166
Mongolian, 167
Mountain, 168
Pacific Golden, 163
Piping, 166
Ringed, 166
Semipalmated, 165
Snowy, 167
Upland, 156
Wilson's, 168

Podasocys montanus, 168

Podilymbus podiceps, 15

Polioptila cærulea cærulea, 441
" obscura, 441
californica, 442
plumbea, 441

Polyborus cheriway, 224
lutosus, 224

Polysticta stelleri, 102

Poœcetes gramineus gramineus, 335
" affinis, 335
" confinis, 335

Poor-will, 264
Dusky, 264
Frosted, 264

Porzana carolina, 133
porzana, 133

Prairie Chicken, 185
Attwater's, 186
Lesser, 187

Priocella glacialoides, 63

Priofinus cinereus, 66

Procellariidæ, 61

Progne cryptoleuca, 372
subis subis, 372
" hesperia, 372

Protonotaria citrea, 386

Psaltriparus melanotis lloydi, 438
minimus minimus, 437
" californicus, 438
" grindæ, 438
plumbeus, 438

Psittaci, 241

Psittacidæ, 241

Ptarmigan, Allen's, 183
Evermann's, 184
Kenai White-tailed, 185
Nelson's, 184
Reinhardt's, 184
Rock, 183
Townsend's, 184
Turner's, 184
Welch's, 184
White-tailed, 185
Willow, 183

Ptychoramphus aleuticus, 24
Puffin, 22
Horned, 23
Large-billed, 23
Tufted, 22

Puffinus assimilis, 65
auricularis, 65
borealis, 64
creatopus, 65
cuneatus, 66
gravis, 64
griseus, 66
lherminieri, 65
opisthomelas, 65
puffinus, 64
tenuirostris, 66

Pygopodes, 10

Pyrocephalus rubineus mexicanus, 296

Pyrrhula cassini, 325

Pyrrhuloxia, Arizona, 364
sinuata sinuata, 364
" peninsulæ, 364
" texana, 364
San Lucas, 364
Texas, 364
California, 177
Chestnut Bellied Scaled, 177
Gambel's, 177
Mearn's, 178

Quail, Mountain, 176
Plumed, 176
San Pedro, 176
Scaled, 176
Valley, 177

Querquedula cyanoptera, 93
discors, 93

Quiscalus quiscula quiscula, 323
" aglæus, 323
" æneus, 323

Rail, Belding's, 131
Black, 134
California Clapper, 131
Carribean Clapper, 132
Clapper, 132
Farallon, 134
Florida Clapper, 132
King, 131
Louisiana Clapper, 132

Page 466

Virginia, 133
Wayne's Clapper, 132
Yellow, 131

Rallidæ, 131

Rallus beldingi, 131
crepitans crepitans, 132
" saturatus, 132
" scotti, 132
" waynei, 132
elegans, 131
longirostris caribæus, 132
obsoletus, 131
virginianus, 132

Raptores, 198

Raven, 311
Northern, 311
White-necked, 311

Recurvirostra americana, 139

Recurvirostridæ, 139

Redhead, 95

Redpoll, 329
Greater, 329
Greenland, 328
Hoary, 328
Holbœll's, 329

Redstart, 415
Painted, 417

Red-wing, Bahama, 316
Bicolored, 317
Florida, 316
Northwestern, 316
San Diego, 316
Sonora, 316
Thick-billed, 316
Tricolored, 317

Regulus calendula calendula, 440
" grinnelli, 441
" obscurus, 441
satrapa olivaceus, 440
" satrapa, 439

Rhodostethia rosea, 49

Rhynchophanes mccowni, 334

Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha, 241

Riparia riparia, 374

Rissa brevirostris, 40
tridactyla tridactyla, 39
" pollicaris, 40

Road-runner, 243

Robin, 446
Southern, 447
San Lucas, 447
Western, 446

Rostrhamus sociabilis, 202

Rough-leg, Ferruginous, 215

Ruff, 156

Rynchopidæ, 58

Rynchops nigra, 58

Sage Hen, 188

Salpinctes obsoletus obsoletus, 424
guadeloupensis, 424

Sanderling, 151

Sandpiper, Aleutian, 146
Baird, 148
Buff-breasted, 158
Curlew, 149
Green, 155
Least, 148
Pectoral, 147
Pribilof, 147
Purple, 146
Red-backed, 149
Semipalmated, 150
Sharp-tailed, 147
Solitary, 154
Spoonbill, 150
Spotted, 158
Stilt, 145
Western, 151
Western Solitary, 155
White-rumped, 148

Sapsucker, Northern Red-breasted, 255
Red-breasted, 255
Red-naped, 254
Williamson's, 255
Yellow-bellied, 254

Saxicola œnanthe œnanthe, 448
" leucorhoa, 448

Sayornis nigricans, 289
phœbe, 287
sayus, 289

Scardafella inca, 196

Scolopacidæ, 140

Scolopax rusticola, 140

Scoter, 104
Surf, 105
Velvet, 105
White-winged, 105

Scotiaptex nebulosa lapponica, 232
" nebulosa, 231

Seed-eater, Sharpe's, 368

Seiurus aurocapillus, 407
motacilla, 409
noveboracensis noveboracensis, 409
" notabilis, 409

Selasphorus alleni, 276
platycercus, 276
rufus, 277

Steophaga picta, 417
ruticilla, 415

Shearwater, Allied, 65
Audubon's, 65
Black-tailed, 66
Black-vented, 65
Cory's, 64

Page 467

Greater, 64
Manx, 64
Pink-footed, 65
Slender-billed, 66
Sooty, 66
Townsend's, 65
Wedge-tailed, 66

Sheldrake, Ruddy, 93

Shoveller, 94

Shrike, California, 378
Island, 378
Loggerhead, 376
Northern, 376
White-rumped, 378

Sialia currucoides, 450
mexicana anabelæ, 450
" bairdi, 450
" occidentalis, 450
sialis sialis, 448
" fulva, 448

Siskin, Pine, 332

Sitta canadensis, 432
carolinensis carolinensis, 431
" aculeata, 431
" atkinsi, 431
" lagunæ, 431
" nelsoni, 431
pusilla, 432
pygmæa pygmæa, 432
" leuconucha, 433

Sittidæ, 431

Skimmer, Black, 58

Skua, 36

Skylark, 297

Snakebird, 77

Snipe, European, 140
Great, 143
Wilson's, 143

Solitaire, Townsend's, 442

Somateria dresseri, 103
mollissima borealis, 102
spectabilis, 104
v-nigra, 103

Sora, 133

Sparrow, Acadian Sharp-tailed, 341
Alameda Song, 355
Aleutian Song, 337
Bachman's, 352
Baird's, 338
Belding's, 337
Bell's, 351
Black-chinned, 348
Black-throated, 351
Botteri's, 352
Brewer's, 346
Brown's Song, 355
Bryant's, 337
Cassin's, 353
Chipping, 345
Clay-colored, 355
Dakota Song, 355
Desert, 351
Desert Song, 354
Dusky Seaside, 342
English 335
Field, 348
Florida Grasshopper, 340
Forbush's, 356
Fox, 356
Gambel's, 343

Golden-crowned, 343
Grasshopper, 338
Gray Sage, 352
Harris's, 342
Heermann's Song, 354
Henslow's, 340
Ipswich, 337
Kadiak Fox, 357
Kenai Song, 355
Laguna, 353
Large-billed, 338
Lark, 342
Leconte's, 340
Lincoln's, 356
Louisiana Seaside, 341

Macgillivray's Seaside, 342
Merrill's Song, 355
Mountain Song, 354
Nelson's, 341
Nuttall's, 343
Oregon Vesper, 335
Pine Woods, 352
Rock, 353
Rufous-crowned, 353
Rufous-winged, 353
Rusty Song, 354
Sage, 352
Samuel's Song, 354
San Benito, 338
San Clemente Song, 355
San Diego Song, 355
San Lucas, 338
Santa Barbara Song, 355
Savannah, 337
Scott's, 353
Scott's Seaside, 341
Seaside, 341
Sharp-tailed, 340
Shumagin Fox, 357
Slate-colored Fox, 357
Song, 354
Sooty Fox, 357
Sooty Song, 355
Stephen's Fox, 357

Page 468

Swamp, 356
Texas, 357
Texas Seaside, 341
Thick-billed Fox, 357
Townsend's Fox, 357
Tree, 345
Vesper, 335
Western Chipping, 346
Western Field, 348
Western Grasshopper, 338
Western Henslow's, 340
Western Lark, 342
Western Savannah, 337
Western Tree, 345
Western Vesper, 335
White-crowned, 343
White-throated, 345
Worthen's, 348
Yakutat Song, 355

Spatula clypeata, 94

Speotyto cunicularia floridana, 239
" hypogæa, 238

Sphyrapicus ruber ruber, 255
" notkensis, 255
thyroideus, 255
varius varius, 254
" nuchalis, 254

Spinus notatus, 331
pinus, 332

Spiza americana, 368

Spirella atrogularis, 348
breweri, 346
monticola monticola, 345
" ochracea, 345
passerina arizonæ, 346
" passerina, 345
pallida, 346
pusilla pusilla, 348
" arenacea, 348
" arizonæ, 346
wortheni, 348

Spoonbill, Roseate, 115

Sporophila morelleti sharpei, 368

Squatarola squatarola, 161

Starling, 314

Starnœnas cyanocephala, 196

Steganopodes, 72

Stegonopus tricolor, 138

Stelgidopteryx serripennis, 374

Stellula calliope, 278

Stercorariidæ, 35

Stercorarius longicaudus, 37
parasiticus, 37
pomarinus, 36

Sterna aleutica, 54
anætheta, 56
antillarum, 55
caspia, 50
dougalli, 54
elegans, 51
forsteri, 53
fuscata, 55
hirundo, 53
maxima, 51
paradisæa, 54
sandvicensis acuflavida, 52
trudeaui, 52

Stilt, Black-necked, 139

Stint, Long-toed, 149

Strigidæ, 227

Strix occidentalis caurina, 231
" occidentalis, 231
varia allogilva, 231
" alleni, 229
" varia, 229

Sturnella magna magna, 317
" argutula, 319
" hoopesi, 317
" neglecta, 319

Sturnidæ, 314

Sturnus vulgaris, 314

Sula bassana, 76
brewsteri, 75
cyanops, 74
leucogactra, 75
nebouxi, 74
piscator, 75

Sulidæ, 74

Surf Bird, 169

Sunia ulula ulula, 237
" caparoch, 238

Swallow, Bahama, 374
Bank, 374
Barn, 373
Cliff, 372
Cuban Cliff, 373
Mexican Cliff, 373
Northern Violet-green, 374
Rough-winged, 374
San Lucas, 374
Tree, 373

Swallow-tailed Kite, 201

Swan, Trumpeter, 114
Whistling, 114
Whooping, 114

Swift, Black, 268
Chimney, 269
Vaux's, 270
White-throated, 270

Slyviidæ, 433

Sylthliboramphus antiquus, 26
Tachycineta thalassina lepida, 374
" brachyptera, 374

Page 469

Tanager, Cooper's, 370
Hepatic, 370
Western, 369
Scarlet, 369
Summer, 370

Tangaridæ, 369

Tangavius æneus involucratus, 315

Tattler, Wandering, 156

Teal, Blue-winged, 93
Cinnamon, 93
European, 82
Green-winged, 92

Telmatodytes palustris, 429
" griseus, 429
" marianæ, 429
" paludicola 429
" plesius, 429
" palustris, 429

Tern, Aleutian, 54
Arctic, 54
Black, 56
Bridled, 56
Cabot's, 52
Caspian, 50
Common, 53
Elegant, 51
Forster's, 53
Gull-billed, 50
Least, 55
Roseate, 54
Royal, 51
Sooty, 55
Trudeau's, 52
White-winged Black, 57

Thalassidroma pelagica, 68

Thalassogeron culminatus, 60

Thrasher, Bendire's, 422
Brown, 421
California, 422
Crissal, 423
Curve-billed, 421
Desert, 423
Leconte's, 423
Mearns's, 422
Palmer's, 422
Sage, 419
San Lucas, 422
Sennett's, 421

Thrush, Alaska Hermit, 445
Audubon's Hermit, 445
Bicknell's, 443
Dwarf Hermit, 446
Gray-cheeked, 443
Hermit, 446
Olive-backed, 445
Northern Varied, 448
Red-winged, 446
Russet-backed, 443
Varied, 448
Willow, 443
Wood, 442

Thryomanes bewicki bairdi, 426
bewicki bewicki, 426
" calophonus, 426
" charienturus, 426
" cryptus, 426
" spilurus, 426
brevicauda, 426
leucophrys, 426

Thryothorus ludovicianus ludovicianus, 425
ludovicianus lomitensis, 425
" miamensis, 425

Tiaris bicolor, 368
canora, 368

Titlark, 418

Titmouse, Ashy, 434
Black-crested, 433
Bridled, 434
Gray, 434
Plain, 434

Tufted, 433

Totanus flavipes, 153
melanoleucus, 153

Towhee, 358
Abert's, 361
Anthony's, 361
Arctic, 358
California, 360
Canon, 360
Green-tailed, 361
Guadalupe, 360
Large-billed, 360
Mountain, 360
Oregon, 360
San Clemente, 360
San Diego, 360
San Lucas, 360
Spurred, 358
White-eyed, 358

Toxostima bendirei, 422
cinereum cinereum, 422
" mearnsi, 422
crissale, 423
curvirostre curvirostre, 421
" palmeri, 422
lecontei lecontei, 423
lecontei arenicola, 423
longirostre sennetti, 421
redivivum, 422
rufum, 421

Tree Duck, Black-bellied, 113
Fulvous, 113

Tringa canutus, 146

Page 470

Trochilidæ, 271

Troglodytes aëdon aëdon, 427
" parkmani, 427

Troglodytidæ, 423

Trogon ambiguus, 246
Coppery-tailed, 246

Trogonidæ, 246

Tropic Bird, Red-billed, 73
Red-tailed, 73
Yellow-billed, 72

Troupial.

Tryngites subruficollis, 158

Tubinares, 59

Turdidæ, 442

Turdus musicus, 446

Turkey, Florida, 191
Merriam's, 190
Rio Grande, 191
Wild, 190

Turnstone, 169
Black, 170
Ruddy, 169

Tympanuchus americanus americanus, 185
americanus attwateri, 186
cupido, 186
pallidicinctus, 187

Tyrannidæ, 280

Tyrannus dominicensis, 283
melancholicus couchi, 283
tyrannus, 281
verticalis, 283
vociferans, 284

Uria lomvia lomvia, 30
" arra, 31
troille troille, 29
" californica, 30

Urubitinga anthracina, 213

Vanellus vanellus, 161

Veery, 443

Verdin, 439
Cape, 439

Vermivora bachmani, 387
pinus, 387
celata celata, 389
" lucescens, 389
" sordida, 390
chrysoptera, 388
luciæ, 388
peregrina, 390

Vermivora rubricapella gutturalis 389
" rubricapella 389
virginiæ, 388

Vireo, Anthony's, 384
atricapillus, 383
Bell's, 384
belli belli, 384
belli pusillus, 385
Bermuda, 384
Black-capped, 383
Black-whiskered, 378
Blue-headed, 382
Cassin's, 382
griseus bermudianus, 384
" maynardi, 383
" micrus, 384
Gray, 385
Hutton's, 384
huttoni huttoni, 384
" obscurus, 384
" stephensi, 384
Key West, 383
Least, 385
Mountain, 383
Philadelphia, 380
Plumbeous, 382
Red-eyed, 380
San Lucas, 383
Small White-eyed, 384
Stephens's, 383
vicinior, 385
Warbling, 380
Western Warbling, 382
White-eyed, 383
Yellow-green, 380
Yellow-throated, 382

Vireonidæ, 378

Vireosylva calidris barbatula, 378
flavoviridis, 380
gilva gilva, 380
" swainsoni, 382
olivacea, 380
philadelphica, 380

Vulture, Black, 199
California, 198
Turkey, 199

Wagtail Alaska Yellow, 418
Swinhoe's, 418
White, 418

Warbler, Alaska Yellow, 392
Audubon's, 395
Bachman's, 387
Bay-breasted, 398
Black and White, 385
Blackburnian, 399
Black-fronted, 395
Black-poll, 399
Black-throated Blue, 394
Black-throated Gray, 402
Black-throated Green, 403
Blue-winged, 387
Cairns's, 394
Calaveras, 389
Canada, 415

Page 471