Chapter XXIX: Appendix

The following vessels and craft took part in the simultaneous blocking operations at Zeebrugge and Ostende.

THE ZEEBRUGGE ENTERPRISE

(_a_) _Special services during the oversea voyage_

Aerial Escort--
61st Wing of Royal Air Force.
Other services--
Special service vessel Lingfield. Motor Launches Nos. 555, 557.

(_b_) _Off shore forces_

Outer Patrol--
Scout--_Attentive_.
Destroyers--_Scott, Ulleswater, Teazer, Stork_.
Long-range Bombardment--
Monitors--_Erebus, Terror_.
Destroyers--_Termagant, Truculent, Manly_.

(_c_) _Inshore forces_

Flagship--
Destroyer--_Warwick_ (Flag of Vice-Admiral R. J. B. Keyes).
Blockships--
Light Cruisers--_Thetis, Intrepid, Iphigenia_.
Storming Vessels--
Light Cruiser--_Vindictive_.
Special vessels--_Iris, Daffodil_.
Attack on Viaduct--
Submarines--C1, C3, and one picket boat.
Aerial Attack--
Aircraft--65th Wing, Royal Air Force.
Other Operations--
Destroyers--_Phoebe, North Star, Trident, Mansfield,
Whirlwind, Myngs, Felox, Morris, Moorsom, Melpomene_.

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Motor Launches--Nos. 79, 110, 121, 128, 223, 239,
241, 252, 258, 262, 272, 280, 282, 308, 314, 345, 397,
416, 420, 422, 424, 513, 525, 526, 533, 549, 552, 558,
560, 561, 562.
Coastal Motor Boats--Nos. 5, 7, 15, 16A, 17A, 21B,
226, 236, 24A, 25BD, 266, 27A, 28A, 306, 32A, 35A.

THE OSTENDE ENTERPRISE

(_a_) _Bombarding forces_

Monitors-- _Marshall Soult, Lord Clive, Prince Eugene, General Craufurd, M. 24, M. 26, M. 21_. Destroyers-- _Mentor, Lightfoot, Zubian_. Motor Launches-- Nos. 249, 448, 538, and three others. French Destroyers and Torpedo Boats-- _Lestin, Roux, Bouclier_, and Torpedo Boats Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 34. French Motor Launches--Nos. 1, 2, 33, 34. British Siege Guns in Flanders.

(_b_) _Inshore forces_

Blockships--
Light Cruisers--_Sirius, Brilliant_.
Destroyers--
_Swift, Faulknor, Matchless, Mastiff, Afridi, Tempest, Tetrarch_.
Motor Launches--
Nos. 11, 16, 17, 22, 23, 30, 60, 105, 254, 274, 276, 279,
283, 429, 512, 532, 551, 556.
Coastal Motor Boats--
Nos. 2, 4, 10, 12, 19, 20, 20A, 34A.

COVERING SQUADRON FOR BOTH ENTERPRISES

Forces from Harwich--
Light Cruisers, seven.
Leaders, two.
Destroyers, fourteen.

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INDEX

Acetylene gas, use of, for salvage, 47, 52

Adams, Lieut.-Comdr. B. F., R.N., 187, 188, 200, 201

Admiralty, Board of, responsibility of, 69

Aerial attack--
at first attempt, 146, 147
at final attempt, 171

_Afridi_, H.M.S., App.

Aircraft--
German in Flanders, 6, 41
utility in defence, 40, 41

Allied lines of communication, 3, 12, 13

Anchoring of _Vindictive_, 184

Approach, the story of the, 173 _ff._

Astronomical conditions, 134

Attack, expected duration of, 132, 134

Attempt--
the first, 141 _ff._, 155
the second, 153, 154
the final start, 165

_Attentive_, H.M.S., App.

Babb, Sub-Lieut, R.N., 230

Bamford, Captain E., R.M.L.I., 203

Barrage firing from coast batteries, 37

Bases, use of advanced, 19

Beatty, Admiral Sir David, 63, 104, 105, 107, 108

Billyard-Leake, Lieut. Edward W., R.N., 226, 231, 234, 235

Blake, Able-Seaman F. E., R.N., 209

Blake, Sub-Lieut. L. R., R.N.R., 218

Blankenberghe,
buoy, 174, 175, 242
description, 8, 9
German craft at, 11, 12, 190

Blocking--
alternative methods of, 17, 42, 43
favourable position for, 44
influence of current, 57
previous attempts elsewhere, 54-56, 58
summary of difficulties, 41, 56

Blockships--
capabilities of, 49, 52, 69, 70
credit due to, 73, 234, 235
difficulty of sinking, 56, 57, 58
preparatory work in, 52, 100
types of, 45-47, 69, 70
See _Thetis, Intrepid, Iphigenia_

Blockship's crews, disembarkation of surplus, 124, 125, 170, 171

Boddie, Engineer Lieut.-Comdr., R.N., 228

Bombardment--
by our monitors, 16, 84, 174, 175
previous attempts at, 35, 43, 44

Bonham-Carter, Lieut. Stuart S., R.N., 226, 228, 230, 234, 235

_Botha_, H.M.S., 91; App.

_Bouclier_, French destroyer, App.

Bowen, Lieut. G., 225

Bradford, Lieut. George N., R.N., 206, 207

_Brilliant_, H.M.S., 70, 143, 246; App.

British morale, effect on, 258, 259

Brock, Wing-Commander Frank, R.N.A.S., 98, 115, 116, 153, 187, 200

Bruges, 9, 10, 11, 270

_Brussels_, merchant steamer, 29

Buckley, Yeoman of Signals John, R.N., 189, 190

Buoys, lack of dependence on, 8, 91, 92

Bury, Engineer Lieut.-Comdr. W. A., R.N., 184, 243

Calais, 13

Cameroon River, German attempt to block, 58

Campbell, Lieut. H. G., R.N., 185, 188, 189, 240, 245

Campbell, Commander V. L. A., R.N., 220

Canal system in Flanders, 9-11

Casualties, British, 253, 254

Cement, use of, in blockships, 52

Chappell, Lieut.-Comdr., R.N.V.R., 224

Chevallier, Sub-Lieut. F. E., R.N., 205

Clerical work, 140

Coast defences, German, 35-38

Coastal Motor Boats, 144, 145, 149-151
No. 5, 219; App.
No. 7, 218, 233; App.
No. 16, 217; App.
Nos. 21, 25, 26, 219; App.
No. 22B, 217; App.
No. 23B, 217, 232; App.
No. 32, 219, 220; App.
Nos. 2, 4, 10, 12, 15, 17A, 19, 20, 24A,
27A, 28A, 29A, 30B, 34A, 35A; App.

Collins, Captain Ralph, R.N., 224

Command of the sea, 3, 4

Compasses, damage to--in _Vindictive_, 239, 240

Concentration, 144, 145, 262

Cooke, Lieut. F. T. V., R.M.L.I., 203

Co-operation, value of, 264

Cordner, Major, R.M.L.I., 182

Cory-Wright, Lieut., R.N., 230

Crews, size of, in blockships, 86, 124.

_Daffodil_, H.M.S.--
choice of, 79, 80
duties of, 81, 86, 176
fitting out of, 100, 108, 109, 118, 119
previous history, 80
proceedings of, 168, 173, 185, 188, 189, 199, 205, 237, 240
retirement of, 245

Dallas-Brooks, Captain Reginald, R.M.A., 192, 193, 194

Darkness, use of, 37, 38, 132

Davidson, Captain A. P., R.N., 111

Deane, Lieut. Percy T., R.N.V.R., 232, 233

Defence measures, 61, 62

Defences, summary of German, 41

Demolition--
object of, 76, 77, 195, 196
training for, 111, 112
the work of, 189, 205

Depths--
at Blankenberghe, 9
in entrance channel at Zeebrugge, 48, 49, 131

Destroyers, 84, 220, 221

D'Eyncourt, Sir Tennyson, 100

Dickinson, Lieut.-Comdr. C. C., R.N., 111, 205

Diversions, 59, 60, 61, 196, 208, 279
practibility of using, 61

Douglas, Captain H. P., R.N., 90 _n._

Dover--
the return to, 243, 244
the reception at, 244

Dover Patrol--
memorials, 15
morale, 96, 97
work of, 13, 14, 15, 97, 98

Dover Straits, difficulty of closing, 13, 14

Dunkerque, 13

Eagles, Major C. E. E., R.M.L.I., 208

Eastlake, Lieut. A. L., attached R.E., 186, 187

Edwards, Commander, R.N.V.R., 182

Elliot, Lieut.-Col. Bertram N., R.M.L.I., 111, 112, 128, 182

Endurance of German submarines, 4, 5

_Erebus_, H.M.S., 174; App.

_Faulknor_, H.M.S.; App.

Finch, Sergeant, R.M.L.I., 192

Flame-throwers in _Vindictive_, 115, 186, 187

Flanders Coast--
description of, 6, 7, 8, 22, 24, 25
value to Germany, 5-7, 10-12

Fog, effect on attackers, 60, 175
effect on defence, 59, 175

Fogs, artificial, 59, 60

Franks, Lieut. Ivor B., R.N., 110

French motor launches Nos. 1, 2, 33, 34; App.

French Torpedo Boats Nos. 1, 2, 3, 34; App.

Fuel, 4

Function of the Navy, 3

Gas, poison, 60

Geddes, Sir Eric, 157

_General Craufurd_, H.M.S.; App.

Geographical situation, 6, 7

German bases in Flanders, 6, 10, 29

German craft based on Flanders, 6

German High Seas Fleet, 3, 4, 19, 21, 94, 95

German morale before the attack, 96, 97, 104

German morale after the attack, 255-257

German reports of the attack, 250, 251

German submarines, 4, 5, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16

Gibbs, Commander Valentine F., R.N., 185, 207, 208

Godsal, Commander A. E., R.N., 42, 246, 247

Goeben battery, 204

Gore-Langton, Lieut-Commander Hubert E., R.N., 220, 223

Grand Fleet--
duties of, 94, 95
work of, 102, 103

Groynes, 7, 24, 25

Guerre de Course tactics, 5

Halahan, Captain H. C., R.N., 111, 114, 116, 128, 182, 201

Hardy, Lieut.-Comdr. H. N. M., R.N., 246

Harrison, Lieut.-Comdr. A. L., R.N., 200, 201, 202

Harwich, forces from; App.

Haselfoot, Lieut.-Comdr. F. E. B., R.N., 90 _n._

Hawkings, Lieut. Claude E. K., R.N., 206

Heligoland, 19

Helyar, Lieut.-Comdr. Kenneth C., R.N., 220, 222, 223

Henderson, Lieut. Oscar, R.N., 209, 245

_Hermione_, cutting out of--in 1799, 54, 55

Hewett, Lieutenant Graham S., R.N.V.R., 194

Hilton-Young, Lieut. E., R.N.V.R., 196

_Hindustan_, H.M.S., 111, 118, 119, 120, 125, 127; App.

History--
lack of encouragement from, 58
object of studying, 54

Historical analogies, 54-56, 58

Howitzers in _Vindictive_, 79, 98, 193, 194

Hydrographic Department, 91

Initiative, 89, 149, 150

Instructions, the art of writing, 66,67

_Intrepid_, H.M.S., 70, 143, 170, 228, 229-231, 232, 234; App.

_Iphigenia_, H.M.S., 70, 143, 171, 228,
229, 231, 232, 234, 241, 243-251; App.

_Iris_, H.M.S.--
choice of, 79, 80
duties of, 81, 86
fitting out of, 100, 108, 109, 118, 119
proceedings of, 168, 173, 185, 205-209
retirement of, 245, 246

Jakobynessen battery, 37

Jellicoe, Admiral Sir John, R.N., 17, 157

Kaiser's visit to Zeebrugge, 252

Kaiser Wilhelm battery, 204

Keyes, Vice-Admiral Roger J. B., R.N., 14, 63, 109, 113, 114, 167,
168, 220, 243, 246, 263, 264, 265, 282
appreciation of, 63, 68, 69
connection with planning, 67, 68, 82
postponement decision, 147, 148

Lamplough, Lieut. C. R. W., R.M.L.I., 203

Leadership, 264, 265

_Lestin_, French destroyer; App.

_Lightfoot_, H.M.S.; App.

Lines of communication, 3, 12, 13, 96

_Lingfield_, H.M.S.; App.

Littleton, Lieut. H. A., R.N.V.R., 232, 233

_Lord Clive_, H.M.S.; App.

Lock gate, 10, 22, 28, 43, 44, 49

Losses, British material, 253, 254

MacVean, Lieut. D. E. J., R.N.V.R., 217

Mails, precautions, 120

_Manly_, H.M.S.; App.

_Mansfield_, H.M.S., 224; App.

Marine Artillery, 104, 112, 113, 126, 192-194
Infantry, 104, 111, 112, 126

Marines, embarkation of, 118, 119

_Marshal Soult_, H.M.S.; App.

Martinique, attack on--in 1794, 54, 55

_Mastiff_, H.M.S.; App.

_Matchless_, H.M.S.; App.

Material results obtained, 249-253.

Matériel, relation to personnel, 181

McCutcheon, Staff Surgeon, R.N., 197, 198

McKenzie, Able Seaman, 202

Medical, 197, 198

Meikle, Engineer Sub-Lieut., R.N., 230

_Melpomene_, H.M.S., 224; App.

_Mentor_, H.M.S.; App.

Mercantile Marine, appreciation, 143, 144

_Merrimac_, U.S. steamer, 54, 58, 88

Meteorological conditions, 131

Military training, 112, 113

Minefields, German, 38, 39

Mines--
effect of, 93, 94, 173
precautions against, 94

Mine-sweepers, 6, 39, 94

Monitors, 36, 146, 174

Monitors: M. 21, M. 24, M. 26; App.

Moon, state of, 134

_Moorsom_, H.M.S., 224, 242, 243; App.

Moral results obtained, 255-260

Morale, 96, 97

_Morris_, H.M.S., 224; App.

Motor launches, 144, 225, 240

Motor launches:--
No. 110, 225; App.
No. 128, 224; App.
No. 282, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234; App.
No. 308, 225; App.
No. 424, 224; App.
No. 526, 229, 232, 233; App.
No. 558, 224, 226; App.
Nos. 11, 16, 17, 22, 23, 30, 60, 79,
105, 121, 223, 239, 241, 249, 252,
254, 258, 262, 272, 274, 276, 279,
280, 283, 314, 345, 397, 416, 420,
422, 429, 448, 512, 513, 525, 532,
533, 538, 549, 551, 552, 555, 556,
557, 560, 561, 562; App.

_Myngs_, H.M.S., 224; App.

Napoleon's maxim, 95

Navigation, coastal, 56, 57
difficulties and dangers, 7, 8, 40, 41
importance of accuracy, 90 _ff._, 178
open sea, 56

Nelson, Lord, 55, 147, 148

Newbold, Lieut. Aubrey C., R.N., 210, 214

Nieuport, 6, 7, 8

_North Star_, H.M.S., 220, 221, 222, 223; App.

Objectives, difficulty of locating, 42, 56, 71

Objects, secondary, 77

Offensive measures, 16, 17, 43, 262

Officers, choice of, 106, 107

Orders--
art of writing, 66, 67
the drafting of the, 66, 67, 140, 156, 166

Osborne, Commander E. O. B. S., R.N., 178

Ostende--
attack on, in 1798, 54, 55, 56
description of, 9, 10, 11, 12
difficulty of locating entrance, 42, 71
reason for blocking, 42
reason for omitting story, 41, 42

Outhwaite, Sub-Lieut. C., R.N.V.R., 219

Patrol craft, German, 40, 96

Peace, 266

Period available for attack, 134 Personnel, remarks on behaviour, 263,
264
selection of, 102 ff.
training of, 112, 125, 126

_Phoebe_, H.M.S., 220-224; App.

Photography, 129, 130, 246

Plan--
credit for, 17, 18, 19
how built up, 262
inception, 17, 18, 67
history of, 17, 18, 67, 68
modifications of, 65
previous suggestions, 17, 70
various stages of, 64 _ff._, 72, 76

Plans department, 17, 67

Poison gas, 60

Port Arthur, attempts to block, 54, 56, 58

Postponement, first, 148
second, 154

Power, Rear Admiral L. E., R.N., 100

Preparations--
preliminary, 125 _ff._
final, 145, 167, 168

Preservation of life, 87

_Prince Eugene_, H.M.S.; App.

Printing the orders, 140

Puerto Cabello, attack on, in 1799, 54

Pyrotechnic Brigade, 194

Rain, effect of, 171, 172, 173

Rescue of men from Mole, 218

Rescue work, 87, 88, 89, 132, 229 _ff._, 244-249
vessels, 84

Results--
material, 249-253
moral, 255-260

Retirement, 132, 252-260

Rigby, Lieut. Charles N. B., R.M.A., 191, 192

Robinson, Lieut. J. W., R.N.V.R., 224

Robinson, Lieut. O., R.N.V.R., 224

Rocket apparatus, 194

Rodman, Rear Admiral Hugh, U.S.N., 107, 108

Rosoman, Lieut.-Comdr. R. R., R.N., 176, 184, 188, 238, 239, 242, 259

_Roux_, French destroyer; App.

Royal Air Force--
61st Wing, 85, 130
65th Wing, 85, 146

Royal Naval Reserve, 130, 263

Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, 130, 263

Rufigi River, attempt to block, 54

St. George for England, 169

Salvage--
effect of silt on, 23, 24, 25, 28, 51
German attempts, 251
importance of, 44, 45
previous experience, 25
remarks on, 25, 26, 44 _ff._, 251, 252

Sandford, Lieut-Comdr. F. H., R.N., 213, 214

Sandford, Lieut. R. D., R.N., 210, 211, 213

Santiago, attempt to block in 1898, 54, 56, 58

_Scott_, H.M.S.; App.

Seamanship, importance of, 41, 57, 58

Seaplane base, German, 12

Secrecy, 100, 111, 120, 121, 155

Secret, divulging the, 108, 119, 120

Shoals, 7, 41

Siege guns, 84

Signalling difficulties, 137, 138

Silt, description, 23, 24
effect of, 24, 28, 51

_Sirius_, H.M.S., 70, 143, 246; App.

Smith, Petty Officer, R.N., 209

Smoke, artificial--
limitations of, 59, 60, 99
use of, 59, 60, 83, 99, 100, 175, 176, 208, 216, 217, 218, 246

Smoke-screen vessels, 83, 175

Sneyd, Commander R. S., R.N., 226, 228, 229, 235

Souvenir hunters, 248

Staff, operational duties, 66, 67, 139

Star shell, 38, 175

Stonewall Jackson's maxim, 60, 61

_Stork_, H.M.S.; App.

Storming the Mole, 186, 187, 188, 200-204, 213

Submarines--
attack on viaduct, 82, 100
defensive use, 40
German, 4, 40
shelters, 10, 11

Submarines--
C1, 210, 211, 214; App.
C3, 210-211, 213, 215, 224; App.

Success, chances of, 54, 62

Supporting squadrons, 146

Surprise, 59, 60, 61, 262

Surveys, 7, 91

_Swift_, H.M.S.; App.

Swin Deep, 118, 153

Synchronisation of events, 137, 138, 170

_Teazer_, H.M.S.; App.

_Tempest_, H.M.S.; App.

Teneriffe, Nelson's attack on--in 1797, 54, 55

_Termagant_, H.M.S.; App.

_Terror_, H.M.S., 174; App.

_Tetrarch_, H.M.S.; App.

_Thetis_, H.M.S., 70, 143, 171, 226 _ff._, 233; App.

Tidal stream--
description, 7, 24, 30, 74
effect, 24, 92, 174, 183

Tide, rise and fall, 8, 48, 49

Tigris River, blocking of, 58

Time factor, 137-139

Time table, 138, 156

Tomkinson, Captain Wilfred, R.N., 220

Towing--
necessity for, 142
of _Iris_ and _Daffodil_, 142, 143, 173

Trench raid, analogy, 112, 113, 265

_Trident_, H.M.S., 224, 245; App.

_Truculent_, H.M.S.; App.

_Ulleswater_, H.M.S.; App.

United States--
battle squadron, 107
personnel, 107, 108

_Velox_, H.M.S., 224; App.

Viaduct--
attack on, 194, 195, 210-215
description, 23, 25, 82, 83

_Vindictive_, H.M.S.--
anchoring, 184
attack on Ostende, 247
choice of, 76, 126
command of, 114
damage, 181, 182, 198, 238, 239, 241, 255, 256
fitting out of, 77-79, 100, 110
position at Mole, 128, 129, 202, 203
proceedings of, 143, 148, 150, 170, 173, 176, 179 _ff._, 200 _ff._
retirement of, 230 ff.

Visibility, 136, 165

Volunteering--
for danger, 89, 122-125, 189, 202
how arranged, 104, 105, 122, 123

Von Capelle, Admiral, 158

Walcheren expedition, 156

Walker, Lieut. H. T. C., R.N., 190

_Warwick_, H.M.S., 144, 168, 173, 220, 221, 222, 233, 243; App.

Weather, vagaries of, 41, 93, 246

Weller, Major B. G., R.M.L.I., 202

Welman, Lieut. A. P., R.N., 217

Wemyss, Admiral Sir Rosslyn, R.N., 157

_Whirlwind_, H.M.S., 224, 230; App.

Wind, importance of direction, 60, 131, 176

Wounded, behaviour of, 196, 197

Youlton, Petty Officer, E. G., R.N., 238, 242

Young, Lieut.-Comdr., R.N.V.R., 225

Yser Canal, 7

Zeebrugge, 7, 8, 9, 11
batteries, 28, 29, 31, 33
craft based at, 11, 32
German belief in security at, 33, 34
German constructions at, 26, 28, 29
canal, 10, 22
canal lock, 22, 29, 43, 44, 49
navigable channel, 28, 49
obstruction and boom, 32, 33, 41, 227
tidal harbour, 22
village, 22

Zeebrugge Mole, description, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27
approach to, 27-30
attack on: _see_ Storming the Mole
buildings on, 26, 28, 29, 32, 183
currents alongside, 30
garrison, 32, 81, 82
lighthouse extension, 27
outer wall, 26-28, 73, 74, 76
peace use, 22
seaplane base, 29, 32
souvenir, 244, 245
viaduct, 23, 25
_Vindictive's_ position, 128, 129, 202, 203
war use, 29, 30

Zero time, meaning and object, 170, 173

Zone of fire, German batteries, 30

_Zubian_, H.M.S.; App.