Chapter VII: Endings of Games (1)

To play with correctness and skill the ends of games, is an important but a very rare accomplishment, except among the very best players. In order to assist the learner as much as possible in this branch of the game, we present a number of end positions, with the proper play necessary in each case. Our selection of positions is necessarily very limited; but those we give will serve to show the careful play that is requisite even when the stronger party feels sure of success, and the danger of defeat if he suffer his vigilance to be relaxed for a moment.

KING AND QUEEN AGAINST KING.

Diagram 1.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. Q. to Q. R's 7th. 1. K. to Q's sq.
2. Q. to Q. Kt's 8th. Mate.

KING AND ROOK AGAINST KING.

Diagram 2.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. R. to K. R's 7th. 1. K. to K. B's sq.
2. K. to K's 2d. 2. K. to K. Kt's sq.
3. R. to Q. R's 7th. 3. K. to K. B's sq.
4. K. to K's 3d. 4. K. to K's sq.
5. K. to K's 4th. 5. K. to Q's sq.
6. K. to Q's 5th. 6. K. to Q. B's sq.
7. K. to Q's 6th. 7. K. to Q. Kt's sq.
8. R. to Q. B's 7th. 8. K. to Q. R's sq.
9. K. to Q. B's 6th. 9. K. to Q. Kt's sq.
10. K. to Q. Kt's 6th. 10. K. to Q. R's sq.
11. R. to Q. B's 8th. Mate.

Diagram 3.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. R. to Q. R's 5th, or K. Kt's 5th. If 1. K. to B's sq.
2. R. to Q. Kt's 5th.
If 1. K. to K's sq.
2. R. to K. B's 5th. 2. K. to Q's sq.
3. R. mates at Kt's 8th or K. B's 8th.

KING AND TWO BISHOPS AGAINST KING.

Diagram 4.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. K. B. to K. R's 3d. 1. K. to Q's sq.
2. Q. B. to K. B's 4th. 2. K. to K's 2d.
3. K. to his 2d. 3. K. to K. B's 3d.
4. K. to K. B's 3d. 4. K. to K's 2d.
5. K. B. to K. B's 5th. 5. K. to K. B's 3d.
6. K. to his Kt's 4th. 6. K. to his 2d.
7. K. to his Kt's 5th. 7. K. to Q's sq.
8. K. to his B's 6th. 8. K. to K's sq.
9. Q. B. to Q. B's 7th. 9. K. to B's sq.
10. K. B. to Q's 7th. 10. K. to Kt's sq.
11. K. to his Kt's 6th. 11. K. to B's sq.
12. Q. B. to Q's 6th. (ch.) 12. K. to Kt's sq.
13. K. B. to K's 6th. (ch.) 13. K. to R's sq.
14. Q. B. checkmates.

KING, BISHOP, AND KNIGHT, AGAINST KING.

Diagram 5.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. Kt. to K. B's 7th. (ch.) 1. K. to Kt's sq.
2. B. to K's 4th. 2. K. to B's sq.
3. B. to K. R's 7th. 3. K. to his sq.
4. Kt. to K's 5th. 4. K. to his B's sq.
5. Kt. to Q's 7th. (ch.) 5. K. to his sq.
6. K. to his 6th. 6. K. to Q's sq.
7. K. to Q's 6th. 7. K. to his sq. (best)
8. B. to K. Kt's 6th. (ch.) 8. K. to Q's sq.
9. Kt. to Q. B's 5th. 9. K. to Q. B's sq.
10. K. B. to his 7th. 10. K. to Q's sq.
11. Kt. to Q. Kt's 7th. (ch.) 11. K. to Q. B's sq.
12. K. to Q. B's 6th. 12. K. to Q. Kt's sq.
13. K. to Q. Kt's 6th. 13. K. to Q. B's sq.
14. B. to K's 6th. (ch.) 14. K. to Q. Kt's sq.
15. Kt. to Q. B's 5th. 15. K. to Q. R's sq.
16. B. to Q's 7th. 16. K. to Q. Kt's sq.
17. Kt. to Q. R's 6th. (ch.) 17. K. to Q. R's sq.
18. B. to Q. B's 6th. (checkmate.)

No. 1.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | K*| | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | Q | | | K | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 2.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | K*| | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | K | | | R |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 3.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | K*| | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | K | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | R | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 4.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | K*| | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | B | | K | B | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

KING AND TWO KNIGHTS AGAINST KING.

The two Knights, with the assistance of the King, cannot force checkmate, except in some very rare cases.

KING AND PAWN,--KING, BISHOP, AND PAWN,--AND
KING, KNIGHT, AND PAWN,--AGAINST KING.

When one Pawn only is left on the board, supported by its King, and the adverse King is either in front of the Pawn, or within such distance as to be able to intercept it, it becomes a point of great nicety in some cases, to calculate whether or not you have the power of Queening the Pawn, and therefore of winning the game. This frequently depends upon your gaining the opposition, which you cannot always do.

In the next position (see Diagram 6) you have the opposition, and if Black have to play you will win. Thus:--

1. K. to his sq.
2. P. to K's 7th. 2. K. to his 2d.
3. K. to B's 7th, and
4. P. Queens.

But if you move first, the game is drawn; for if you play P. to K's 7th (ch.), Black moves King to his square, and you must either abandon the Pawn or give stalemate. You will find, on trial, that any other mode of play on your part will produce the same result,--from which is deduced this important general rule: That if you can advance the Pawn to its 7th sq., _not giving check_, you will win; but that if the Pawn checks at this point, you will only draw.

In this position (see Diagram 7), you will win either with or without the move; for if Black have to play, he is forced to allow your King to be moved either to B's 7th or Q's 7th sq.; and if you move you gain the opposition, by playing K. to B's 6th or Q's 6th, and then P. to K's 6th. It is evident that this would equally hold good if your Pawn were any number of squares less advanced; so that you invariably win, if you can succeed in placing your King on the sixth square of the file occupied by your Pawn, and in front of it; provided, of course, that the single King cannot attack the Pawn, so as to compel you to retreat in order to support it. It is perhaps scarcely necessary to observe, that if the Pawn be upon either of the Rooks' files, these remarks will not apply--this contingency will be considered hereafter.

Diagram 8.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. K. to Q's 2d. 1. K. to his 2d.
2. K. to his 3d. 2. K. to his 3d.
3. K. to his 4th. 3. K. to B's 3d.
4. K. to Q's 5th. 4. K. to K's 2d.
5. K. to his 5th. 5. K. to B's 2d.
6. K. to Q's 6th.

If he play K. to B's 3d, you advance P. to K's 4th, then to K's 5th, and on his afterwards moving K. to his sq., you gain the opposition, as shown before.

6. K. to his sq., or to B's sq.
7. K. to K's 6th.
And then advances Pawn, winning.

Next, suppose Black has the move, and he will draw:--

WHITE. BLACK.
1. K. to K's 2d.
2. K. to Q's 2d. 2. K. to his 3d.
3. K. to his 3d. 3. K. to his 4th.
4. K. to Q's 3d. 4. K. to Q's 4th.
5. P. to K's 3d, or 5. K. to K's 4th.
to K's 4th. (ch.)

And it is clear that, play as you may, you can only draw the game.

The only exception in all the foregoing cases is to be found, as has already been remarked, when the Pawn is upon either of the Rooks' files. In these instances, Black will invariably draw the game when his King can be placed on any part of the file in front of the Pawn, it being quite immaterial at what distance the adverse King and Pawn may be. Even, as in the next example, the player of the single King will draw the game, if he have not the move, against two Pawns in a somewhat similar position. For White being to move, he can only play K. to R's 8th, to which Black must reply by K. to B's sq.; and if White then advance B's Pawn, it will be taken: or if he play R's Pawn, Black returns K. to B's 2d, and his adversary is stalemated. (See Diagram 9.)

Two _united_ Pawns, with their King, always win against King alone. Another advantage in having two Pawns thus situated is, that they can always maintain themselves until the arrival of the King to their support; for should one be taken, the other will advance to Queen. In the next position (see Diagram 10), White wins by advancing K. to Kt's 5th, then Queening Rook's Pawn, and upon that being taken, playing K. to R's 6th, or B's 6th, having the opposition.

QUEEN AGAINST A KNIGHT OR BISHOP.

(In all cases, each party is of course understood to have a King in addition to the Pieces named.)

Diagram 11.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. Q. to her 4th. (ch.) 1. K. to his 3d.
2. K. to his 4th. 2. Kt. to K. Kt's 3d.
3. Q. to her Kt's 6th. (ch.) 3. K. to B's 2d.
4. K. to B's 5th. 4. Kt. to K's 2d. (ch.)
5. K. to Kt's 5th. 5. Kt. to Q's 4th.
6. Q. to her 6th. 6. Kt. to K's 2d.
7. Q. to K. B's 6th.[A] (ch.) 7. K. to his sq.
8. Q. to K's 6th. 8. K to Q's sq.
9. K. to B's 6th. 9. Kt. to Q. B's sq.
10. Q. to Q. B's 6th.
And you must win the Kt.

The Queen also easily wins against a Bishop.

[Footnote A: Transcriber supplied the "6th.", as the move was incomplete in the original text.]

No. 5.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | K*|
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | K | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | B | N | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 6.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | K*| | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | P | K | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 7.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | K*| | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | K | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | P | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 8.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | K*| | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | P | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | K | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 9.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| K | | K*| | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| P | | P | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 10.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | K*|
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | P |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | P | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | K |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 11.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | K*| N*| | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| Q | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | K | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 12.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | K | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | R*| | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | K*| | Q | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

QUEEN AGAINST ROOK.

Diagram 12.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. K. to Kt's 6th.
2. K. to K's 6th. 2. R. to Q. B's 7th.
3. K. to Q's 5th. 3. K. to Kt's 7th.
4. K. to Q's 4th. 4. K. to R's 8th.
5. K. to Q's 3d. 5. R. to Kt's 7th.
6. Q. to K. R's 4th. (ch.) 6. K. to Kt's 8th.
7. K. to B's 3d. 7. R. to K. R's 7th.
8. Q. to Kt's 5th. (ch.) 8. K. to R's 8th.
9. Q. to R's 6th. (ch.) 9. K. to Kt's 8th.
10. Q. to Kt's 6th. (ch.) 10. K. to R's 7th.
11. Q. to R's 7th. (ch.) 11. K. to Kt's 8th.
12. Q. to Kt's 8th. (ch.)
Then takes Rook, and wins.

QUEEN AGAINST ROOK AND PAWN.

With few exceptions, arising from peculiar situations, the Queen wins also against a Rook and Pawn. Diagram 13, illustrating a won game, is from Philidor.

Diagram 13.

White moves and wins.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. Q. to R's 7th. (ch.) 1. K. to K's 3d. (best.)
2. Q. to Q. B's 7th. 2. R. to Q. B's 4th.
3. Q. to Q's 8th.[A] 3. R. to K's 4th.
4. Q. to K's 8th. (ch.) 4. K. to Q's 4th.
5. Q. to Q. B's 8th. 5. R. to K's 5th. (ch.)
6. K. to K. B's 5th. 6. R. to K's 4th. (ch.)
7. K. to K. B's 6th. 7. R. to K's 5th.
8. Q. to K. B's 5th. (ch.) 8. R. to K's 4th.
9. Q. to Q's 3d. (ch.) 9. K. to Q. B's 4th.
10. Q. to Q's 2d. 10. K. to Q. B's 3d.
11. Q. to Q's 4th. 11. K. to Q's 2d.
12. Q. to Q. B's 4th. 12. R. to Q. B's 4th.
13. Q. to K. B's 7th. (ch.) 13. K. to Q. B's 3d.
14. K. to his 7th. 14. R. to K's 4th. (ch.)
15. K. to Q's 8th. 15. R. to Q. B's 4th.
16. Q. to Q's 7th. (ch.) 16. K. to Q's 4th.
17. K. to K's 7th. 17. R. to Q. B's 3d.
18. Q. to K. B's 5th. (ch.) 18. K. to Q. B's 5th.
19. K. to Q's 7th. 19. R. to Q. B's 4th.
20. Q. to K's 4th. (ch.) 20. K. to Kt's 6th.
21. K. takes P.
And wins.

[Footnote A: This is the position which White must endeavor to gain, in order that he may force the King to his Queen's 4th, in front of the Pawn.]

QUEEN AGAINST TWO BISHOPS.

The Queen usually wins against two of the minor Pieces, at least if they are on different parts of the board, or at a distance from their King. There are, however, many instances in which, by skilful play, the weaker force may draw the game.

The two Bishops will be able to draw when they can assume a position similar to that in Diagram 14, or in other words, such a position in front of their King, that the adverse King cannot approach.

Diagram 14.

White moves first.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. Q. to Q's 7th. (ch.) 1. K. to B. or Kt's sq. (best.)
2. Q. to K's 6th. 2. K. to Kt's 2d.
3. K. to K. B's 4th. 3. B. to K. R's 2d.
4. Q. to Q's 7th. (ch.) 4. K. to Kt's 3d.
5. Q. to K's 8th. (ch.) 5. K. to Kt's 2d.
6. K. to Kt's 4th. 6. B. to Kt's 3d.
7. Q. to K's 6th. 7. B. to R's 2d.
8. Q. checks at Q's 7th. 8. K. to Kt's 3d.
9. Q. to K's 8th. (ch.) 9. K. to Kt's 2d.
10. K. to R's 5th. 10. Q. B. to K. B's 4th.
The game is drawn.

QUEEN AGAINST TWO KNIGHTS.

Two Knights can often draw the game against a Queen.

QUEEN AGAINST KNIGHT AND BISHOP.

A King with Bishop and Knight can in many cases draw the game against a King and Queen.

No. 13.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | K*| | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | P*| | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | R*| | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | K | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | Q | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 14.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | K*| |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | B*| B*| |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| Q | | | | | | K | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 15.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | Q*| | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | K | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | Q | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | P*| K*| |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 16.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | K |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | Q*| | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| Q | | P*| K*| | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 17.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| P | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | P | K | | K*| | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | Q*| |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 18.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | K | Q | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | P*| K*| | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 19.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | K | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | Q | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | P*| K*| |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 20.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | Q | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | K | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| P*| | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | K*| | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

QUEEN AGAINST QUEEN AND PAWN.

In cases of this kind the game is usually drawn without difficulty, and most generally so by means of a perpetual check, though the same object may sometimes be attained by an exchange of Queens, when your King is able to stop the Pawn. When, however, the Pawn is advanced to its 7th square, and more particularly if defended by its King, the task is one of more difficulty, and many instructive situations occur where the Pawn may be Queened and the game therefore won. We subjoin an example or two of each kind, by way of illustration.

Diagram 15.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. Q. to K. Kt's 4th. (ch.) 1. Q. to K. Kt's 6th.
2. Q. to K's 4th. (ch.) 2. K. to Kt's 8th.
3. Q. to Q's 4th. 3. K. to R's 7th.
4. Q. to K. R's 8th. (ch.) 4. Q. to R's 6th.
5. Q. to K's 5th. (ch.) 5. K. to Kt's 8th.
6. Q. to Kt's 5th. (ch.) 6. Q. to Kt's 7th.
7. Q. to K's 3d.
White will always be able to make a drawn game.

Diagram 16.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. Q. to her Kt's 4th.
2. K. moves. 2. K. to Q's 8th.
3. Q. to Q. R's sq. (ch.) 3. P. Queens.
And wins.

Diagram 17.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. P. Queens (ch.) 1. K. to K. B's 5th.
2. Q. to K. B's 8th. (ch.) 2. K. to his 5th.
3. Q. to K's 7th. (ch.) 3. K. to K. B's 6th.
4. Q. to K. B's 6th. (ch.) 4. K. to his 5th.
5. Q. to K's 6th. (ch.) 5. K. to K. B's 6th.
6. Q. to K. B's 5th. (ch.) 6. K. to his 7th.
7. Q. to her 3d. (ch.)
Then forces an exchange of Queens, and wins with
his remaining Pawn.

QUEEN AGAINST PAWN.

In all ordinary situations, the Queen of course easily stops a single Pawn and wins against it; if, however, the latter has reached its 7th square, and has the support of its King, there are instances in which the game must be drawn. Our first position (see Diagram 18), will show the method of winning, and we shall afterwards point out the exceptions.

Diagram 18.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. Q. to K. B's 5th. (ch.) 1. K. to K. Kt's 7th.
2. Q. to K's 4th. (ch.) 2. K. to B's 7th.
3. Q. to K. B's 4th. (ch.) 3. K. to Kt's 7th.
4. Q. to K's 3d. 4. K. to B's 8th.
5. Q. to K. B's 3d. (ch.) 5. K. to his 8th.
6. K. to Q's 4th. 6. K. to Q's 8th.
7. Q. to her 3d. (ch.) 7. K. to his 8th.
8. K. to his 3d. 8. K. to B's 8th.
9. Q. takes P. (ch.) and wins.

The same mode of procedure can always be adopted, unless the single Pawn should be either on the Bishop's or Rook's file, in which case Black may usually make a drawn game, owing to the power which he then has of making a stalemate. His having this alternative, however, altogether depends upon the distance which the adverse King may chance to be from the scene of action. In the next position (Diagram 19) the game is drawn.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. Q. to K. Kt's 4th. (ch.) 1. K. to R's 8th.
2. Q. to K. B's 3d. (ch.) 2. K. to Kt's 8th.
3. Q. to K. Kt's 3d. (ch.) 3. K. to R's 8th.

And it is evident, that if White take the Pawn, his adversary is stalemated.

The result is the same when the Pawn is on the Rook's file, as you will at once see by making the experiment.

The next position (see Diagram 20), is a very ingenious exception to this rule, and will well repay your attention.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. K. to Q. B's 5th. (ch.) 1. K. to Q. B's 7th. (best)
2. Q. to K. Kt's 2d. (ch.) 2. K. to Q. B's 6th.
3. Q. to K. B's sq. 3. K. to Q. Kt's 7th.
4. Q. to K's 2d. (ch.) 4. K. to Q. Kt's 6th.
5. Q. to her sq. (ch.) 5. K. to Q. Kt's 7th.
6. Q. to her 2d. sq. (ch.) 6. K. to Q. Kt's 8th.
7. K. to Q. Kt's 4th. 7. P. Queens.
8. K. to Q. Kt's 3d.
And wins.

ROOK AGAINST BISHOP.

Diagram 21.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. B. to Q. Kt's 7th. 1. R. to Q. Kt's 3d.
2. B. to Q's 5th. 2. R. to Q. Kt's 7th.
3. B. to Q. B's 6th. 3. R. to K. B's 7th. (ch.)
4. K. to Kt's sq. 4. K. to his 7th.
5. B. to Q's 5th. 5. K. to his 8th.
6. B. to Q. B's 6th. 6. R. to K. B's 3d.
7. B. to Q. Kt's 7th. 7. R. to K. Kt's 3d. (ch.)
8. K. to K. R's 2d. 8. K. to K. B's 7th.
9. K. to K. R's 3d, &c.
And the game is drawn.

Diagram 22.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. R. to Q. B's 2d. 1. B. to Q. Kt's 6th.
2. R. to B's 8th. (ch.) 2. B. to K. Kt's sq.
3. K. to Q's 6th. 3. P. to Q. Kt's 6th.
4. R. to Q. B's 7th. 4. B. to Q's 4th. (best)
5. K. takes B. 5. K. to Kt's sq.
6. K. to his 6th. 6. K. moves.
7. R. mates.

No. 21.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| R*| | B | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | K*| | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | K | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 22.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | B*| K*|
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | K | | | | P*|
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | P |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | P*| | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | P | | | R | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 23.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | N*| | K*|
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| R | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | K | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 24.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | K*| | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| R | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | P | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | K | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | B*| | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

ROOK AGAINST KNIGHT.

In ordinary positions, and where the Knight is near to, or cannot be prevented approaching, his King, the weaker party will be able to draw the game. The method of doing so, however, is not very easy, and there are many positions (of which we shall give an example) where the Rook can win.

In the following position (see Diagram 23) White will win either with the move or without it.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. Kt. to R's 2d. (ch.)
2. K. to K. B's 7th. 2. Kt. to Kt's 4th. (ch.)
3. K. to K. Kt's 6th.
And wins.

ROOK AND PAWN AGAINST BISHOP.

Diagram 24.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. R. to Q. Kt's 7th. 1. B. to Q. B's 5th.
2. R. to Q. B's 7th. 2. B. to Q. Kt's 4th.
3. K. to B's 5th. 3. B. to K's 7th. (best)
4. P. to B's 7th. 4. K. to Kt's 2d. (best)
5. K. to his 6th. 5. B. to K. R's 4th. (best)
6. R. to Kt's 7th. 6. B. to K. Kt's 3d.
7. P. to B's 8th, 7. K. takes Q.
becoming a Q. (ch.)
8. K. to B's 6th.
And wins.

ROOK AGAINST THREE MINOR PIECES.

Diagram 25.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. R. to Q. R's 3d. (ch.) 1. B. to K's 6th.
2. R. to Q. R's 2d. 2. K. to Kt's 6th.
3. R. to K. R's 2d. 3. B. to K. B's 5th.
4. R. to Q. R's 2d. 4. B. to K. R's 6th.
5. R. to Q. R's 3d. (ch.) 5. B. to K's 6th.
6. R. to Q. R's 2d. 6. Kt. to K. B's 7th. (ch.)
7. K. to Kt's sq. 7. B. to K. Kt's 7th.
8. R. to K's 2d. 8. Kt. to K. R's 6th. (checkmate.)

ROOK AND PAWN AGAINST ROOK.

Diagram 26.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. P. to K's 5th. 1. R. to Q. Kt's 3d.
2. R. to Q. R's 7th. 2. R. to Q. B's 3d.
3. P. to K's 6th. 3. R. to Q. B's 8th.
4. K. to K. B's 6th. 4. R. to K. B's 8th. (ch.)
And will draw.

ROOK AGAINST ONE OR MORE PAWNS.

Diagram 27.

White must lose, even with the move.

Suppose:--

WHITE. BLACK.
1. R. to K's 8th. 1. K. to Q's 2d.
2. K. to his 3d. 2. P. "Queens."
&c., &c.

Diagram 28.

Here White will win the Pawn, and therefore the game.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. R. to K. Kt's 6th. (ch.) 1. K. to Q's 4th.
2. K. to Q's 2d. 2. P. to Q. B's 4th.
3. R. to Q's 6th. (ch.) 3. K. to Q. B's 5th.
4. K. to Q. B's 6th. 4. K. to Q. Kt's 5th.
5. K. to Q's 5th. 5. P. to Q. B's 5th.
6. R. to Q. Kt's 6th. (ch.) 6. K. to Q. B's 6th.
7. R. to Q. B's 6th.
And White wins.

Diagram 29.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. P. to K. B's 6th. (ch.)
2. R. takes P. 2. R. P. "Queens" (ch.)
3. K. takes Q. 3. K. takes R.
4. K. to K. Kt's sq. 4. P. to K. Kt's 7th.
5. K. to K. R's 2d. 5. K. to B's 7th, and wins.

Or,

1. P. to K. B's 6th. (ch.)
2. K. to R's sq. 2. P. to K. Kt's 7th. (ch.)
3. K. takes R. P. 3. P. takes R., and becomes
a Kt. (ch.), and wins.

ROOK AGAINST TWO ROOKS.

Diagram 30.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. R. to K. R's 5th. 1. R. takes R.
2. R. to Q. R's 6th. (ch.) 2. K. moves.
3. R. to Q. R's 5th. (ch.) 3. K. moves.
4. R. takes R.
And wins.

No. 25.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| R | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | N*| |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | K*|
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | B*| | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | B*| | K |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 26.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | K*| | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | R |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| R*| | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | K | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | P | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 27.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | K*| | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | R | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | K | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | P*| | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 28.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | K | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | R | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | P*| K*| | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 29.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | P*| K*| |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | P*| |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | K | P*|
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | R | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 30.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | K | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| R | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | K*| | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | R | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | R*|
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 31.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | K*| |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | K | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | B | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | R | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | R*| | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 32.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | R | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | N | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | K | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | R*| | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | K*| | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

ROOK AND BISHOP AGAINST ROOK.

Diagram 31.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. R. to K's 8th. (ch.) 1. R. to K. B's sq.
2. R. to K's 7th. 2. R. to K. B's 8th.
3. R. to Q's 7th. 3. R. to K. B's 7th.
4. R. to Q. B's 7th. 4. R. to K. B's 8th.
5. B. to K. B's 6th. 5. R. to K. Kt's 8th. (ch.)
6. K. to B's 5th. 6. R. to K. Kt's 7th.
7. B. to K's 5th. 7. R. to Q. R's 7th.
8. R. to K. Kt's 7th. (ch.) 8. K. to B's sq.
9. R. to Q's 7th. 9. K. to Kt's sq.
10. K. to B's 6th. 10. R. to Q. R's 3d. (ch.)
11. B. to Q's 6th. 11. R. to Q. R's 8th.
12. R. to K. Kt's 7th. (ch.) 12. K. to R's sq.
13. R. to K. Kt's 2d. 13. R. to K. B's 8th. (ch.)
14. K. to K. Kt's 6th. 14. K. to Kt's sq.
15. B. to Q. B's 5th. 15. R. to K. B's 5th.
16. R. to K. Kt's 5th. 16. R. to Q. R's 5th.
17. K. to B's 6th. (dis. ch.) 17. K. to R's 2d.
18. B. to K's 3d. 18. R. to Q. B's 5th.
19. R. to K. Kt's 7th. (ch.) 19. K. to R's sq.
20. R. to Q. Kt's 7th. 20. K. to Kt's sq.
21. R. to Q. Kt's 8th. (ch.) 21. K. to R's 2d.
22. R. to Q. Kt's 6th. 22. R. to Q. B's 2d.
23. B. to Q's 4th. 23. R. to K. B's 2d. (ch.)

This is his only move to draw the game; and now, whether you take the Rook or not, he will succeed in preventing your winning.

ROOK AGAINST ROOK AND KNIGHT.

Diagram 32.

White, with the move, will win the Rook in four moves.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. Kt. to K's 6th. (ch.) 1. K. to Q's 4th.

(If instead he play K. to his 5th, White will check with R. at Kt's 4th.)

2. R. to Q's 8th. (ch.) 2. K. to his 5th.
3. R. to Q's 4th. (ch.) 3. K. moves.
4. K. takes R.

KING AND PAWN AGAINST KING AND PAWN.

Diagram 33.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. R. takes P. (ch.)
2. R. takes R. 2. P. to Q's 7th.
3. R. to Q's 5th. 3. K. takes R.
4. P. to Q's 7th. 4. P. Queens.
5. P. Queens. (ch.)
And wins.

KING AND TWO PAWNS AGAINST KING AND PAWN.

Diagram 34.

First, suppose White moves:--

WHITE. BLACK.
1. K. to Q's 4th. 1. K. to Q's 3d.
2. K. to Q's 3d. 2. K. to Q's 2d.
3. K. to K's 3d. 3. K. to K's 2d.
4. K. to Q's 4th. 4. K. to Q's 3d.
5. K. to K's 4th. 5. K. to K's 3d.
And the game must be drawn.

But suppose Black have to play:--

WHITE. BLACK.
1. K. to Q's 3d.
2. P. to K. B's 5th. 2. K. to K's 2d.
3. P. to K. B's 6th. (ch.) 3. K. to his 3d.
4. K. to Q's 4th. 4. K. to Q's 3d.
5. P. to K. B's 7th. 5. K. to his 2d.
6. K. to his 5th. 6. K. takes P.
7. K. to Q's 6th. 7. K. to B's sq.
8. K. to his 6th. 8. K. to Kt's 2d.
9. K. to his 7th. 9. K. to Kt's sq.
10. K. to B's 6th. 10. K. to R's 2d.
11. K. to B's 7th. 11. K. to R's sq.
12. K. takes P. 12. K. to Kt's sq.
13. K. to B's 6th. 13. K. to R's 2d.
14. K. to B's 7th. 14. K. to R's sq.
15. K. to Kt's 6th. 15. K. to Kt's sq.
16. K. to R's 6th. 16. K. to R's sq.
17. P. to Kt's 6th.
And wins.

KING AND TWO PAWNS AGAINST KING AND TWO PAWNS.

Diagram 35.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. K. to his 3d. 1. K. to his 4th.
2. K. to B's 3d. 2. K. to B's 4th.
3. K. to Kt's 3d. 3. K. to K's 4th.
4. K. to Kt's 4th. 4. K. to B's 3d.
5. K. to Kt's 3d. 5. K. to K's 4th.
And the game is drawn.

If Black move, he plays:--

1. K. to his 4th.
2. K. to his 3d. 2. K. to Q's 4th.

(Were he to move K. to B's 4th, you would win by 3. K. to Q's 4th.)

3. K. to B's 3d. 3. K. to his 4th.
4. K. to Kt's 3d. 4. K. to his 3d.
5. K. to Kt's 4th. 5. K. to B's 3d.

And by continuing to play thus, Black may always draw the game.

KING AND TWO PAWNS AGAINST
KING AND THREE PAWNS.

Diagram 36.

With or without the move Black wins.

First, with the move,--

WHITE. BLACK.
1. P. to K. Kt's 6th.
2. P. to R's 3d, or (A.) 2. K. to Q's 5th.
3. K. to B's 3d. 3. K. to his 4th.
4. K. to his 2d. 4. K. to his 5th.
5. K. to B's sq. 5. K. to Q's 6th.
6. K. to his sq. 6. K. to K's 6th.
7. K. to B's sq. 7. K. to Q's 7th.
8. K. to Kt's sq. 8. K. to his 7th.
9. K. to R's sq. 9. P. to B's 6th.
10. P. takes P. 10. K. to B's 7th.
Winning.

(A.)

2. P. takes P. 2. R. P. takes P.
3. K. to B's sq. 3. K. to his 6th.
4. K. to his sq. 4. K. to Q's 6th.
5. K. to B's sq. 5. K. to Q's 7th.
6. K. to Kt's sq. 6. K. to his 7th.
7. K. to R's sq. 7. P. to B's 6th.
And wins.

Next, if White move first he must equally lose.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. K. to B's 2d. 1. P. to Kt's 6th. (ch.)
2. K. to Kt's sq. 2. K. to his 6th.
3. K. to R's sq. 3. P. to B's 6th.
4. P. takes B. P. 4. K. to B's 7th, &c.
Winning.

No. 33.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | K*| P | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | R*| P | | K | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | P*| | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | R | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 34.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | K*| | P*| |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | P | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | K | P | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 35.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | P*| P | K*| | | P*| |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | P | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | K | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 36.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | K*| P*| P*| P*|
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | K | | P | P |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 37.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | K*| | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | P*| P*| P*|
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| P | | P | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | K | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

No. 38.

BLACK.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | K*| | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | P*| P*| P*|
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| P | P | P | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | K | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

KING AGAINST THREE PASSED PAWNS.

Diagram 37.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. P. to B's 4th.
2. K. to Kt's 2d. 2. P. to R's 4th.
3. K. to Kt's 3d. 3. P. to Kt's 4th.
4. K. to Kt's 2d. 4. P. to B's 5th.
5. K. to B's 3d. 5. P. to R's 5th.
6. K. to Kt's 4th.

And wins; because whatever Pawn is moved, the King takes it.

KING AND THREE PASSED PAWNS AGAINST
KING AND THREE PASSED PAWNS.

Diagram 38.

WHITE. BLACK.
1. K. to Q's 2d.
2. P. to R's 4th. 2. K. to Q. B's 3d.
3. P. to R's 5th. 3. K. to Kt's 4th.
4. P. to Kt's 4th. 4. P. to R's 4th.
5. P. to B's 4th. (ch.) 5. K. to R's 3d.
6. P. to B's 5th. 6. K. to Kt's 4th.
7. K. to B's 2d. 7. P. to R's 5th.
8. K. to Kt's 2d. 8. P. to Kt's 4th.
9. K. to R's 3d. 9. P. to B's 4th.
10. K. to R's 2d. 10. P. to B's 5th.
11. K. to Kt's 2d. 11. P. to Kt's 5th.
12. K. to Kt's sq. 12. P. to B's 6th.
13. K. to B's 2d. 13. P. to R's 6th.
14. K. to Kt's 3d. 14. Is obliged to move his King,
and one of the White Pawns will
Queen.

CHESS PROBLEMS.

PROBLEM 1.

White to play and mate in two moves.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | B | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| N | | | | | | | Q |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | R | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | P*| | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | R | P*| K*| P*| | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| P | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | P | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | K | | | | | N |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

PROBLEM 2.

White to play and mate in two moves.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | B*| | R |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | P*| | | P*| | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| K*| P*| | | | N*| R | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| P | P*| P | | B | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| P | | | | N*| R*| | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | Q | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | K | N | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

PROBLEM 3.

White to play and mate in three moves.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | K | | K*| | | N*|
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | N | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | P | | | N | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | B | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

PROBLEM 4.

White to play and mate in three moves.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| N*| | | B | R | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | B*| | | K | P*| P*| |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | R*| R | R*| K*| | | N |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| Q*| | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | N*| | P | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | B*| B | N | | | Q |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
WHITE.

PROBLEM 5.