Chapter I: Preface

This book, like the first of the series the _Book of the Ancient World_, was used in its original manuscript form by one of my history classes. It carries on the story of the way in which man has been learning how to live from the time of the Coming of the Greeks to the loss of Greek independence in 146 B.C.

The spirit of a nation is expressed and its history is recorded in three ways: in its political history, in its literature and in its art. The aim of this book has been to use such parts of the political history of the Greeks, of their literature and of their art as seem to have been the outward and visible signs of the spirit that inspired them.

It would not have been possible to write this book in this way without the kind permission of translators and publishers to use copyright translations. I gladly take this opportunity to acknowledge my debt to Professor Gilbert Murray and the Oxford University Press for the translation of the _Iphigenia in Tauris_; to Mr. A. W. Pickard--Cambridge and the Oxford University Press for the translations from _Demosthenes_; to Mr. A. E. Zimmern and the Oxford University Press for passages from the _Greek Commonwealth_; and to the Trustees of the Jowett Fund and the Oxford University Press for translations {vi} from _Plato_ and _Thucydides_; to Sir Arthur Evans for passages from an article in the _Monthly Review_; to Mr. G. S. Freeman for translations from the _Schools of Hellas_ by the late Kenneth J. Freeman; to Mr. A. S. Way for a passage from the _Persians_; to Mr. A. W. Crawley for passages from the translation of the _Odyssey_ by Butcher and Lang; to Mrs. Putnam for an extract from _The Lady_; to Miss Leslie White Hopkinson for her arrangement of one of the _Elegiacs of Solon_; to Messrs. Macmillan and Co. for translations from the _Iliad_ by Lang, Leaf and Myers, from _Pausanias_ by Sir J. G. Frazer, from _Plato's Republic_ by Davies and Vaughan, from the_ Trial and Death of Socrates_ by F. G. Church, from _Herodotus_ by G. C. Macaulay, from _Xenophon_ by H. G. Dakyns, and for various translations in _Greek Athletic Sports and Festivals_ (E. N. Gardiner), _The City State of the Greeks and Romans_ (W. Warde Fowler) and _Our Hellenic Heritage_ (H. R. James); to Messrs. J. M. Dent and Sons for translations from _Plutarch's Lives_; to Messrs. G. Bell and Sons for translations from _Aristophanes_ by B. B. Rogers, from _Theocritus_ by S. C. Calverley and from _Aristotle_ by Sir F. G. Kenyon; to Messrs. George Allen and Unwin for translations from the _Homeric Hymns_ by Andrew Lang; to Messrs. Edward Arnold and Co. for three poems from _Love, Worship and Death_ by Sir Rennell Rodd; and to Messrs. Longmans, Green and Co. for translations from _Select Epigrams from the Greek Anthology_ by J. W. Mackail, and from _Greek History for Young Readers_ by Alice Zimmern.

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This book is only intended as an introduction to the history of Greek civilization, and the difficulty of my task has been to decide on what to omit. Everyone will not agree with me as to what I have taken and what I have left, but my aim will have been accomplished, if the book should create a desire to know something more of the great heritage which has come to us from the Greeks.

DOROTHY MILLS.

NEW YORK, March, 1925.

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CONTENTS

CRETE AND THE CIVILIZATION OF THE EARLY AEGEAN WORLD

CHAPTER

I.--THE MEDITERRANEAN WORLD

II.--CRETE

I.--LEGENDS OF CRETE
II.--THE PALACES OF CRETE
III.--DRESS
IV.--RELIGION AND LITERATURE
V.--A DAY IN CRETE
VI.--THE DESTROYERS

III.--THE MAINLAND

I.--TROY AND THE FIRST DISCOVERIES
II.--MYCENAE AND TIRYNS
III.--LIFE IN THE HOMERIC AGE
IV.--THE GREEK MIGRATIONS

THE GREEKS

I.--THE LAND OF GREECE

II.--GREEK RELIGION AND THE ORACLES

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III.--THE OLYMPIC GAMES

IV.--THE GREEK CITY-STATE

V.--SPARTA

I.--THE GOVERNMENT OF SPARTA: LAWS OF LYCURGUS
II.--CUSTOMS IN SPARTA
III.--SPARTAN EDUCATION

VI.--THE GROWTH OF ATHENS

I.--EARLIEST ATHENS
II.--THE RULE OF THE FEW: THE OLIGARCHY
III.--SOLON, THE WISE MAN OF ATHENS
AND THE RULE OF THE MANY
IV.--THE TYRANTS

VII.--GREEK COLONIES

I.--THE FOUNDING OF A COLONY
II.--IONIA AND LYDIA

VIII.--THE BEGINNING OF THE PERSIAN WARS

I.--DARIUS AND THE IONIAN REVOLT
II.--MARATHON

IX.--THE GREAT PERSIAN INVASION UNDER XERXES

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I.--THE PREPARATIONS:
(a) THE PERSIANS
(b) THE GREEKS
II.--THERMOPYLAE
III.--THEMISTOCLES
IV.--SALAMIS TO THE END

X.--THE ATHENIAN EMPIRE

I.--THE FORTIFICATIONS OF ATHENS
II.--THE CONFEDERACY OF DELOS
III.--THE ATHENIAN EMPIRE UNDER PERICLES

XI.--LIFE IN ANCIENT ATHENS IN THE TIME OF PERICLES

I.--A WALK IN ANCIENT ATHENS
II.--ATHENIAN DRESS
III.--THE ATHENIAN HOUSE
IV.--ATHENIAN TRADE
V.--ATHENIAN POTTERY

XII.--A DAY WITH AN ATHENIAN

I.--THE ATHENIAN GENTLEMAN
II.--THE ATHENIAN LADY

XIII.--THE ATHENIAN SCHOOLBOY

XIV.--THE GREEK THEATRE

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XV.--THE TEMPLES OF ATHENS

I.--GREEK TEMPLES
II.--THE ACROPOLIS IN THE TIME OF PERICLES
III.--LATER HISTORY OF THE ACROPOLIS

XVI.--THE DOWNFALL OF ATHENS

I.--RIVALRY BETWEEN ATHENS AND SPARTA AND THE BEGINNING
OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR
II.--ATHENS DURING THE WAR
III.--ALCIBIADES
IV.--THE DOWNFALL OF ATHENS AND THE SUPREMACY OF SPARTA
V.--THE MARCH OF THE TEN THOUSAND

XVII.--THE GREAT DAYS OF THEBES

I.--LEGENDS AND EARLY HISTORY OF THEBES
II.--EPAMINONDAS

XVIII.--ALEXANDER THE GREAT

I.--PHILIP OF MACEDON
II.--DEMOSTHENES
III.--ALEXANDER THE GREAT

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XIX.--THE GIFTS OF GREECE TO THE WORLD

I.--THE GREEK SPIRIT
II.--SOCRATES
III.--GREEK LITERATURE: THE PHILOSOPHERS
IV.--GREEK LITERATURE: THE HISTORIANS
V.--GREEK LITERATURE: THE DRAMATISTS
VI.--GREEK ART

XX.--THE HELLENISTIC AGE

I.--THE EXTENT OF GREEK INFLUENCE
II.--ALEXANDRIA
III.--SCIENCE IN THE HELLENISTIC AGE
IV.--THE END OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE AND THE POWER FROM
THE WEST

SUGGESTIONS ABOUT BOOKS FOR FURTHER READING

INDEX

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ILLUSTRATIONS

Hermes of Praxiteles . . . Frontispiece

Outline Map of Greece and Coasts of the Aegean Sea [missing from source book]

Snake Goddess and Cupbearer

The Birth of Aphrodite

Discobolus of Myron

A Girl Racer

The Temple of Poseidon at Paestum

Pericles

Athens with the Acropolis

Greek Vases

The Flute Lesson, and the Writing Lesson

The Lyre Lesson, and the Poetry Lesson

Music School Scenes

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The Theatre at Epidaurus

The Parthenon

Alexander the Great

Sophocles

Chronological Chart

[Transcriber's Note: the above Chronological Chart and the map mentioned on the title page were both missing from the source book.]

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CRETE AND THE CIVILIZATION OF
THE EARLY AEGEAN WORLD

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CRETE AND THE CIVILIZATION
OF THE EARLY AEGEAN WORLD