Chapter I: Part 1

_Vol. =III.=_

_of the_ Botanists Repository

_Comprising, Colour’d Engravings_

of _New and Rare Plants_ ONLY With Botanical Descriptions, &c.

----_in_----

_Latin and English, after the_ Linnæan System.

_by H. Andrews_

_Botanical Painter Engraver &c._ ]

PLATE CXLV.

HILLIA LONGIFLORA.

_Long-Flowered Hillia._

CLASS VI. ORDER I.

_HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Six Chives. One Pointal.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

CALYX. Perianthium hexaphyllum; foliolis oblongis, acutis, erectis.

COROLLA monopetala; tubus cylindricus, longissimus; limbus sexfidus; laciniis oblongis, planis.

STAMINA. Filamenta sex, brevissima. Antheræ oblongæ, erectæ, intra faucem corollæ.

PISTILLUM. Germen inferum, oblongum, obsolete hexagonum. Stylus filiformis, longitudine tubi. Stigma capitatum.

PERICARPIUM oblongum, compressum, biloculare.

SEMINA numerosa, minima.

EMPALEMENT. Cup six-leaved; leaflets oblong, sharp pointed and upright.

BLOSSOM one petal, tube cylindrical, very long; border six-cleft; segments oblong, flat.

CHIVES. Threads six very short. Tips oblong, upright, within the mouth of the blossom.

POINTAL. Seed-bud beneath oblong, slightly six-sided. Shaft thread-shaped, the length of the tube. Summit headed.

SEED-VESSEL oblong, flattened and two celled.

SEEDS many, very small.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Hillia corollis sexfidis, laciniis lanceolatis, supra convexis; foliis ovatis, acutis, glabris.

Hillia with blossoms six cleft, segments lance-shaped, convex above; leaves egg-shaped, pointed and smooth.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. A flower cut open, to expose the number and situation of the Chives.

2. The Shaft and its summit, natural size, placed by the flower, to shew its proportional length to the tube.

3. The Seed-bud, with the leaflets of the Empalement attached, cut transversely, to shew the division of the cells in the center.

This species of Hillia was first introduced to our gardens in the year 1789, from the Island of Barbadoes, sent in plants, by Mr. J. Elcock, to Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, Hammersmith. Originally this shrub was specifically termed, _parasitica_ by professor Jacquin, when he first formed, and titled the Genus, after Dr. J. Hill, of voluminous memory; from a supposition that it was to be found growing, only, upon some other plant; a circumstance, which being denied by Swartz, he has altered it to _longiflora_. We have followed the latter name that ours may go in unison with the author of the last Species plantarum now publishing by Willdenow, as well as professor Martyn, who in his edition of Miller’s Dictionary has followed Swartz; they appearing to be the most accurate, as well as the most read and followed of any modern Botanical authorities. It is a tender hot-house plant, strikes easily from cuttings, thrives in rich mould and flowers about the end of February. To the Right Hon. Lord Viscount Valentia we are indebted, for the specimen from which our figure was taken, sent from his Lordship’s famed collection at Arley near Bewdley, Staffordshire; where, we believe, it has flowered for the first time in England.

PLATE CXLVI.

PSORALEA ACULEATA.

_Prickly Psoralea._

CLASS XVII. ORDER IV.

_DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Chives in two sets. Ten Chives.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

CALYX. Perianthium monophyllum, tuberculis punctatum, quinquesidum; laciniis acutis, æqualibus, persistentibus; infima duplo longiore.

COROLLA papilionacea, pentapetala.

_Vexillum_ subrotundum, emarginatum, assurgens.

_Alœ_ lunulatæ, obtusæ, parvæ.

_Carina_ dipetala, lunulata, obtusa.

STAMINA. Filamenta diadelpha (simplex setaceum et novem coalita), adscendentia. Antheræ subrotundæ.

PISTILLUM. Germen lineare. Stylus subulatus, adscendens, longitudine staminum. Stigma obtusum.

PERICARPIUM. Legumen longitudine calycis, compressum, adscendens, acuminatum.

SEMEN unicum, reniforme.

EMPALEMENT. Cup one leaf, dotted over with small tubercles, and five-cleft; the segments equal and remaining, the lower one twice the length of the others.

BLOSSOM butterfly-shaped, five petalled.

_Standard_ nearly round, notched at the end, turned upwards.

_Wings_ half-moon-shaped, obtuse, small.

_Keel_ two-petalled, half-moon-shaped, obtuse.

CHIVES. Threads in two sets (a single one like a bristle, and nine united), ascending. Tips nearly round.

POINTAL. Seed-bud linear. Shaft awl-shaped, ascending, the length of the chives. Summit blunt.

SEED-VESSEL. A pod the length of the cup, flattened, ascending, and tapered to the point.

SEED, one, kidney-shaped.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Psoralea foliis ternatis, minimis, confertissimis, recurvatis, in spinulam desinentibus.

Psoralea with three-leafletted leaves, very small, very crowded, bent back, and ending in a small spine.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The Empalement.

2. The Standard of a Blossom.

3. One of the Wings of the same.

4. The two Petals of the Keel.

5. The Chives, a little magnified.

The Prickly Psoralea is not a new plant in our collections; for, it was first introduced by Mr. F. Masson to the Royal Gardens at Kew, as we learn from the Catalogue, in the year 1774. But although so long a sojourner with us, it is not found in many collections, owing to the difficulty in its increase, as it seldom ripens its seeds; and cuttings, the only remaining method, but seldom succeed; although by taking them from a vigorous growing plant and giving them the assistance of the bark-bed of the hothouse, early in March, a few plants have been procured occasionally. Our drawing was made from a most beautiful plant in the Clapham Collection, last year, in the month of August.

PLATE CXLVII.

GLADIOLUS CUSPIDATUS.

_Spear-spotted Gladiolus._

CLASS III. ORDER I.

_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

COROLLA sexpartita, ringens. Stamina adscendentia.

BLOSSOM six divisions, gaping. Chives ascending.

See GLADIOLUS ROSEUS. Plate XI. Vol. I.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Gladiolus foliis lineari-ensiformibus, glabris; corolla ringente; laciniis longissimis, acuminatis, undulatis, subæqualibus, tribus inferioribus in medio macula oblonga notatis.

Gladiolus with leaves that are linearly sword-shaped and smooth; blossom gaping; segments very long, tapered to the point, waved and nearly equal, the three lower in the middle have an oblong spot.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The two sheaths of the Empalement.

2. A blossom cut open, with the Chives remaining attached.

3. The Seed-bud, Shaft, and Summit.

The Gladiolus here figured, represents a variety of one of the most errant species of the Genus, known commonly by the name of Spade Gladiolus, and of which we have drawings of eight, quite distinct; yet all, unquestionably, originating in one common parent. It was introduced in 1796, from the Cape of Good Hope, by Mr. R. Williams, nurseryman of Turnham-green, near Brentford; is a very hardy greenhouse bulb, increases from the root in abundance, if planted in very sandy peat earth, and flowers about the Month of April, or May.

PLATE CXLVIII.

LACHENALIA QUADRICOLOR.

_Four-coloured Lachenalia._

CLASS VI. ORDER I.

_HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Six Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

COR. 6-petala, infera; petalis 3 interioribus longioribus. Stamina erecta. Capsula subovata, trialata. Semina globosa.

BLOSS. 6-petals, beneath; the three inner petals the longest. Chives erect. Capsule nearly egg-shaped, three winged. Seeds globular.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Lachenalia foliis geminis, lineari-lanceolatis; scapo erecto; corollis propendulis, cylindricis, quadricoloratis, cum limbo petalorum interiorum patulo.

Lachenalia with leaves in pairs, linearly lance-shaped; flower-stem erect; blossoms hanging down, cylindrical, and four-coloured, with the border of inner petals spreading out.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. A Flower cut open, with the Chives remaining.

2. An inner Petal, with its Chive, shewn from the inside.

3. An outer Petal, shewn from the outside.

4. The Pointal complete.

About the year 1789, this very handsome species of Lachenalia was first received by Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, Hammersmith, from the Cape of Good Hope, sent in bulbs to them by J. Pringle, Esq. It is as hardy as the L. tricolor, to which it much inclines, well known to collectors, and is equally easily propagated; an excellent figure of which is to be found, in the 82d Plate of the Botanical Magazine of Mr. Curtis. The L. quadricolor is given as a synonym by Willdenow to L. pendula, a plant we have already figured, and from which this stands quite distinct in the conformation of every part; they are both to be found in the 2d Vol. of Icon. of Jacquin, from whom we copy our specific title, the pendula, t. 400, the quadricolor, t. 396.

PLATE CXLIX.

STRUTHIOLA CILIATA

_Fringed-leaved Struthiola._

CLASS IV. ORDER I.

_TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Four Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

PERIANTHIUM diphyllum. Corolla tubulosa, 4-fida; Nectarium, glandulæ octo fauci circumpositæ. Semen unum, subbaccatum.

CUP two-leaved. Blossom tubular, 4-cleft; Honey-cup, 8 glands placed round the mouth of the blossom. One seed like a berry.

See STRUTHIOLA IMBRICATA, Pl. CXIII. Vol. II.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Struthiola foliis ovato-lanceolatis, mucronatis, ciliatis, concavis, quadrifariam imbricatis, apice incurvis; corolla subalbida.

Struthiola with leaves between egg and lance-shaped, pointed, fringed, concave, tiled in four rows, turned inwards at the point; blossom whitish.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. A leaf shewn side-ways that the incurvature of the upper part may be seen.

2. A flower complete.

3. The two leaves of the Empalement, magnified.

4. A blossom cut open, to expose the situation of the chives, at the mouth of the tube, magnified.

5. The Pointal, a little magnified.

This is the variety of Struthiola ciliata promised in the last number. It varies from the other in the largeness and incurvation of the leaves, and colour of the flower, as well as, in the growth of the plant; in this, the stem rises to three feet; in that, it seldom exceeds one. With rather less difficulty it is increased and preferred than the red variety, and makes a very handsome figured plant, flowering in the month of August, at which season, last year, our drawing was taken from a plant in the Hibbertian Collection. This Var. has the advantage of the other, in having the blossoms extremely fragrant, in the evening.

PLATE CL.

GERANIUM PRÆMORSUM.

_Bitten-leaved Geranium._

CLASS XVI. ORDER IV. _of Suppl. Syst. Veg. 1781._

_MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Threads united. Ten Chives.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

MONOGYNA. Stigmata quinque. Fructus rostratus, penta-coccus.

One Pointal. Five summits. Fruit furnished with long awns, five dry berries.

See GERANIUM GRANDIFLORUM, Pl. XII. Vol. I.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Geranium foliis inciso-lobatis, reniformibus; lobis cuneiformibus, præmorsis; floribus subsolitariis, heptaudris; caule flexuoso, subcarnoso.

Geranium with leaves deeply cut into lobes and kidney-shaped; lobes wedge-shaped, and bitten at the ends; flowers generally solitary, with seven fertile tips; stem grows zig-zag, rather fleshy.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The Empalement cut open, to shew its tubular structure.

2. The Chives and Pointal.

3. The Chives spread open.

4. The Pointal and Seed bud.

The Geranium præmorsum offers a most beautiful addition to this already very extensive genus, but is without doubt a true species. It is a native of the Cape of Good Hope, and was introduced to us, from thence, in the year 1798, by Captain Quarrel; brought in seed, and communicated to Mr. J. Colville of the King’s Road, Chelsea; who informs us, that it flowers from March, till November, that he keeps it in rich dungy earth, and that it is raised, pretty freely, by cuttings; requiring the heat of a dry stove in the winter months. Our figure was made at the nursery, Chelsea, about the beginning of March this year.

PLATE CLI.

PITTOSPORUM CORIACEUM

_Thick-leaved Pittosporum._

CLASS V. ORDER I.

_PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Five Chives. One Pointal.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

CALYX. Perianthium pentaphyllum, inserum, deciduum.

COROLLA. Petala quinque; ungues concavi, in tubum urceolatum conniventes; laminæ ovato-oblongæ, patentes.

STAMINA. Filamenta quinque, subulata, receptaculo inserta. Antheræ sagittatæ, erectæ, filamentis dorso affixæ.

PISTILLUM. Germen ovatum, superum, compressum. Stylus brevissimus, cylindricus. Stigma capitatum, planum.

PERICARPIUM. Bacca subglobosa, 2-5 locularis, 2-5 valvis; loculamentis pulpa resinosa scatentibus; dissepimenta valvulis contraria.

SEMINA, tria seu quatuor, angulata, oblonga, obtusa, ossea.

EMPALEMENT. Cup five-leaved, beneath, and falling off.

BLOSSOM. Five petals; claws concave, closing into a tube pitcher-shaped; the borders oblong egg shaped, spreading.

CHIVES. Threads five, awl-shaped, inserted into the receptacle. Tips arrow shaped, upright, fixed by the back to the threads.

POINTAL. Seed-bud egg-shaped, above, flattened. Shaft very short, cylindrical. Summit headed, flat.

SEED VESSEL. A roundish berry 2-5 cells, 2-5 valves; the cells filled with a resinous pulp; partitions contrary to the valves.

SEEDS, three or four, angulated, oblong, obtuse, and bony.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Pittosporum foliis ovalibus, obtusis, glaberrimis, coriaceis, integerrimis.

Pittosporum with oval leaves, blunt ended, very smooth, leathery, and quite entire.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The Empalement.

2. A Petal of the Blossom.

3. The Chives and Pointal.

4. The Pointal separated from the Chives.

5. A Berry of the size when ripe.

About the year 1763, this plant was first raised in Britain, from seeds which had been received from the Island of Madeira, by Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, Hammersmith. It forms one of the most decorative and conspicuous plants, either in the Conservatory, or Green-house; and if encouraged in its growth, by being planted in the border of the one; or kept in rich earth, in a large pot in the other, will attain the height of from 6 to 8 feet. The finest specimen we believe, in England, of this plant is to be found in the elegant Conservatory of the Right Honourable Lord R. Spencer, Woolbedding, Sussex. The flowers, which grow in clusters from the ends of the branches in May, have the flavour of Jasmine; but are rather transitory. It is propagated but slowly and with difficulty, as it does not perfect its seeds with us, and it is not to be increased by laying: the only method is cuttings, which should be taken whilst very young and tender from the plant, about April, and put from 6 to 8 in a pot, fixed very tight, in stiffish loam; they must remain under a hand-glass on a shady border till Autumn, when they may be removed into the hot-house and plunged into the bark bed, where they will begin to grow the ensuing spring.

PLATE CLII.

GERANIUM SPATHULATUM.

_Spatula-leaved Geranium._

CLASS XVI. ORDER IV. _of Suppl. Syst. Veg. 1781._

_MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Threads united. Ten Chives.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

MONOGYNA. Stigmata quinque. Fructus rostratus, penta-coccus.

One Pointal. Five summits. Fruit furnished with long awns, five dry berries.

See GERANIUM GRANDIFLORUM, Pl. XII. Vol. I.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

GERANIUM foliis integerrimis, spathulatis, glabris, obtusis, radicalibus; calycibus monophyllis; staminibus quinque fertilibus; radice tuberosa.

GERANIUM with quite entire leaves, spatula-shaped, smooth, blunt, and growing from the root; cups one-leaved; five fertile chives; root tuberous.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The Empalement cut open, to shew its hollow structure.

2. The Chives and Pointal natural size.

3. The Chives spread open, to shew the number and situation of the fertile ones, which are alternate.

4. The Pointal magnified.

The greater number of Geraniums which have been introduced of late, are of the tuberous herbaceous kind; drawings of 14 we have, independent of those already figured; constituting a distinguished, and distinct natural branch of this extensive family. For the most part, they have only five fertile chives with tubular empalements, some only two, and others seven, with the footstalk of the flower solid up to the bottom of the cup. This species is as yet, we believe, only in the Hibbertian Collection, Clapham, where our drawing was taken in April this year. The roots had been received in the autumn of 1800 from the Cape. It appears to require the same management as G. punctatum, and like it, may be increased by the root.

PLATE CLIII.

VIOLA PEDATA.

_Bird’s-foot-leaved Violet._

CLASS XIX. ORDER VI.

_SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA MONOGAMIA._ Tips united. Flowers simple.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

CALYX. Perianthium pentaphyllum, breve, persistens; foliolis ovato-oblongis, erectis, apice acutioribus, basi obtusis, supra basin affixis, æqualibus, sed dispositione variis: quorum duo fulciunt petalum α; singula singulum petalum β. γ.; unicum duo petala δ. ε. simùl.

COROLLA pentapetala, irregularis, petalis inæqualibus; quorum.

_Petalum_ α. _supremum_ rectum, deorsum spectans, latius, obtusius, emarginatum, desinens basi in nectarium corniculatum, obtusum, inter calycis foliola prominens.

β. γ. _Lateralia_ paria, obtusa, opposita, recta.

δ. ε. _Insima_ paria, majora, sursum reflexa.

STAMINA. Filamenta quinque, minima, quorum duo petalo α. proxima appendicibus annexis intrant nectarium. Antheræ sæpius connexæ, obtusæ, membranis ad apicem auctæ.

PISTILLUM. Germen subrotundum. Stylus filiformis, extra antheras prominens. Stigma obliquum.

PERICARPIUM. Capsula ovata, trigona, obtusa, unilocularis, trivalvis.

SEMINA plura, ovata, appendiculata, valvis affixa. Receptaculum lineare, per singulam valvulam lineæ instar excurrens.

_Obs. Stigma vel in hamum simplicem reflectitur, vel capitulum est concavum apice perforato._

CUP five-leaved, short, permanent; leaflets oblong-egg-shaped, erect, sharpish at the point, blunt at the bottom, joined together above the base, equal, but variously disposed; of which, two support petal α. one each petal β. γ. and one the two petals δ. ε. together.

BLOSSOM five petals, irregular, unequal petals, of which

_The upper petal_ α. is upright, bent back, broader, and blunter than the rest, notched at the end, terminating at the base in a blunt horn-shaped honey-cup, protruding between the leaflets of the cup.

_The lateral petals_ β. γ. grow in pairs, obtuse, opposite, upright.

_The lower petals_ δ. ε. grow in pairs, larger, and reflexed upwards.

CHIVES. Five threads, very small; of which the two nearest to the petal α. have small appendages which enter the honey-cup, Tips generally united, blunt, enlarged by skinny substances at the end.

POINTAL. Seed-bud roundish. Shaft thread-shaped, projecting beyond the tips. Summit oblique.

SEED-VESSEL. Capsule egg-shaped, three-sided, blunt, one cell and three valves.

SEEDS many, egg-shaped, having appendages, fixed to the valves. Receptacle linear, running like a line along each valve.

_Obs. The summit is either reflexed into a simple hook, or a concave small head perforated at the end._

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

VIOLA acaulis; foliis pedatis, septempartitis; laciniis dentatis.

VIOLET without a stem, leaves formed like a bird’s foot, with seven divisions; segments toothed.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The Empalement.

2. One of the upper Petals of the Blossom.

3. One of the lateral Petals.

4. The lower Petal, with its Honey-cup.

5. The Chives and Pointal with the Appendages that fall into the Honey-cup from the two hinder threads.

6. The Pointal magnified.

The Bird’s-foot-leaved Violet is a native of North America near Philadelphia; and (according to the Kew Catalogue) was cultivated by Mr. P. Miller, in 1759, at the Physic Gardens, Chelsea. It is a hardy herbaceous plant, but is sometimes destroyed by the wetness of our autumnal months: the flowers, if kept in the open air, expand about May, or the beginning of June; but if kept in pots they, with a slight protection from the Spring frosts, will be produced in April. Peat earth is the soil it approves most, and it should not be exposed to too much wet, whether planted in the borders or in pots. The roots may be parted in March.

PLATE CLIV.

ECHIUM ARGENTEUM.

_Silvery-leaved Viper’s-Bugloss._

CLASS V. ORDER I.

_PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Five Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

COROLLA irregularis, fauce nudâ.

BLOSSOM irregular, mouth naked.

See ECHIUM GRANDIFLORUM, Pl. XX. Vol. I.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Echium foliis lanceolatis, acutis, sericeo-villosis; spicis terminalibus; corolla violacea, subæqualia.

Viper’s-bugloss with lance-shaped leaves, sharp-pointed and silkily-hairy; spikes terminate the branches; blossom violet colour, nearly equal.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The Empalement.

2. A Flower cut open, with the Chives remaining attached.

3. The Seed-buds, Shaft, and Summit.

This fine species of Echium, was raised from seeds received from the Cape of Good Hope in the year 1789, at the nursery, Hammersmith; where our drawing was made, last year, from a plant which had been planted in the open ground, for the summer months; and where it had grown to the height of four feet. It is a hardy green-house plant, and grows best in light earth, either peat, or leaf mould; and flowers about July. It is as difficult to propagate as either, the E. grandiflorum, or E. ferocissimum; but only to be increased, like them, by cuttings.

PLATE CLV.

IXIA POLYSTACHIA.

_Many-spiked Ixia._

CLASS III. ORDER I.

_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

COROLLA 6-partita, patens, equalis. Stigmata 3, erectiusculo-patula.

BLOSSOM 6-divisions, spreading, equal. Summits three, nearly upright and spreading.

See IXIA REFLEXA, Vol. I. Plate XIV.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Ixa foliis linearibus; scapo spicis pluribus; floribus oppositis, spicatis; corollis albidis.

Ixia with linear leaves; flower-stem with many spikes; flowers grow opposite and spiked; blossoms white.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The two sheaths of the Empalement.

2. A flower cut open to shew the situation of the Chives.

3. The Pointal natural size.

This is the plant which is figured by Miller, in the coloured plates which correspond with the dictionary, 104, t. 155. fig. 2. under the specific title it here bears; and, says the Kew Catalogue, was cultivated by him 1757. Since this is the first which bore the title of Polystachia, and being of the colour we think is mostly primitive in flowers, we have given it the preference; and shall confider all the other 18, (of which we have drawings and decidedly of this species) as varieties from this. The flowers of this species are more lasting than most of the others; and are in general, especially this sort, very hardy. It propagates freely by the root and by seed. Our drawing was made at the nursery, Hammersmith, last year, in the month of May.

PLATE CLVI.

BANKSIA ERICÆFOLIA.

_Heath-leaved Banksia._

CLASS IV. ORDER I.

_TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Four Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

_Receptaculum commune_ elongatum, squamosum. Corolla tetra-petala. Stamina limbo inserta. Capsula bivalvis, disperma, interjecto seminibus dissepimento mobili. Semina alata.

Common receptacle elongated, scaly. Blossom of four petals. Chives inserted into the limb of the blossom. Capsule with two valves, two seeds, and a moveable partition between them. Seeds winged.

See BANKSIA SERRATA, Pl. LXXXII. Vol. II.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Banksia foliis linearibus, margine revolutis, truncato-emarginatis, supra glabris.

Banksia with linear leaves, rolled back at the edge, appearing cut off at the ends, which are notched and smooth on the upper side.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. A Blossom complete.

2. The same spread open.

3. The Petals of a flower, with their chives magnified.

4. The Pointal natural size, with the Summit detached, magnified.

5. The rudiments of a cone, cleared from the flowers.

The seeds of this species of Banksia were amongst the first which arrived from New Holland, and plants were raised at the nursery, Hammersmith, in the same year as the B. serrata. To the directions in the management and increase of which plant, we refer our readers for the treatment of this, as it requires no other. It grows to the height of five, or six feet, very bushy from the bottom, and the leaves, which are harsh and numerous, are not very subject to decay. Although it has flowered in many collections, where we have seen it, we have had no opportunity of making an accurate drawing until last month, March 1801, from a fine plant in the collection of G. Hibbert Esq. Clapham.

PLATE CLVII.

CORDIA SEBESTENA.

_Rough-leaved Cordia._

CLASS V. ORDER I.

_PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Five Chives. One Pointal.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

CALYX. Perianthium monophyllum, tubulatum, apice dentatum, persistens.

COROLLA monopetala, infundibuliformis: tubus patulus, longitudine calycis; limbus erecto-patens, sectus in quinque (quatuor vel sex), lacinias obtusas.

STAMINA. Filamenta quinque, subulata. Antheræ oblongæ, longitudine tubi.

PISTILLUM. Germen subrotundum, acuminatum. Stylus simplex, longitudine staminum, superne bifidus, laciniis bifidis. Stigmata obtusa.

PERICARPIUM. Drupa globosa, acuminata, calyce accreta.

SEMEN. Nux sulcata, quadrilocularis.

EMPALEMENT. Cup one leaf, tubular, toothed at the upper part, remaining.

BLOSSOM one petal, funnel-shaped; tube widening, the length of the cup; border upright and spreading, cut into five (four or six) obtuse segments.

CHIVES. Five threads, awl-shaped. Tips oblong, the length of the tube.

POINTAL. Seed-bud roundish, tapered. Shaft simple, the length of the chives, two-cleft at the upper part, segments two-cleft. Summits blunt.

SEED-VESSEL, pulpy, globular, tapered, growing to the cup.

SEED. A furrowed, four-celled nut.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Cordia foliis oblongo-ovatis, scabris; floribus miniatis, crispis, hexandris.

Cordia with oblong egg-shaped rough leaves; flowers deep orange colour, crumpled, and with six chives.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The Empalement.

2. A Blossom spread open, with the Chives in their place.

6. The Pointal and Seed-bud.

As it should seem a determined principle in the inscrutable arrangement of nature’s productions, to the greater humiliation of our very limited understandings; that no effort as emanating solely from thence, shall be perfect; so must we be content to pursue our Botanical travel, under the guidance of a system decidedly defective; yet certainly, the best we have to boast. Scarce a genus, comprehending a number of species, but must be strained in its class or order, for the introduction of one, or more species, evidently of the same family. So convinced was our great master of the science, of the impossibility of forming such certain data, that to prevent the confusion and difficulty, which must have arisen, from such an accumulation of Genera, if every sexual character was attended to, that, where certain other characters (called by him essential, and adopted as a substitute for such occasional hiatus) are formed, the plant is retained under the Genus so characterised. This disquisition is the natural result of our examination of the present plant, which, although the chives are six, is placed in the fifth class!

The Rough-leaved Cordia is a native of the Weft India Islands and was cultivated, says Martyn’s Dictionary, from Dillenius, in the year 1728, by Dr. Sherard. It is a tender hot-house plant, may be increased by cuttings made about the month of April, if kept from too much moisture, in a pot of sandy loam, under a small striking glass in the bark-bed. At present it is rather a scarce plant in our collections, and as it is rather difficult to propagate, is likely to continue so, at least for some years. From an imported plant, received by Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, Hammersmith, from the island of Barbadoes, our figure was taken in the year 1789, about the month of July. It is grown to the greatest perfection by keeping it in a mixture of rotten dung and loam.

PLATE CLVIII.

GERANIUM ECHINATUM. _Var. flore rubro-purpureo._

_Prickly-stalked Geranium. Red-purple flowered Var._

CLASS XVI. ORDER IV. _of Suppl. Syst. Veg. 1781._

_MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Threads united. Ten Chives.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

MONOGYNA. Stigmata 5. Fructus rostratus, penta-coccus.

ONE POINTAL. Five Summits. Fruit furnished with long awns, five dry berries.

See GERANIUM GRANDIFLORUM. Pl. XII. Vol. I.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Geranium foliis sericeis, cordatis, inequaliter dentatis; caule spinoso, subcarnoso, spinis retrofractis; floribus hexandris, rubro-purpureis; calycibus pilosis.

Geranium with silky heart-shaped leaves, unequally toothed; stem spiny, rather fleshy, spines turned downwards; flowers with six fertile tips and red-purple; cups hairy.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The Empalement.

2. An upper Petal of the Blossom.

3. An under Petal of the Blossom.

4. The Chives and Pointal.

5. The Chives spread open.

6. The Pointal, magnified.

This fine variety of the Prickly-stalked Geranium, was introduced, at the same time with the white variety, by Mr. Francis Masson, to the Royal Gardens, Kew, in the year 1795. It is a tender plant, and requires the heat of the hot-house, through the winter months to preserve it, being a native of that part of Africa near the Namaqua land, which is in most parts a barren, arid sand, extremely hot and parched, experiencing little change through the whole year. The propagation is either produced by cuttings, or from the roots, which are tuberous, in most instances, if the plant is kept in light sandy peat earth. The drawing was made, in March this year, at the Nursery of Mr. J. Colville, King’s Road, Chelsea.

PLATE CLIX.

IXIA CAPITATA. _Var. flore albo, fundo nigro._

_Bunch flowering Ixia._ _Var. white flowered, black bottom._

CLASS III. ORDER I.

_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

COROLLA 6-petala, patens, æqualis. Stigmata tria, erectiusculo-patula.

BLOSSOM six petals, spreading, equal. Summits three, nearly upright, spreading.

See IXIA REFLEXA, Vol. I. Plate XIV.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Ixia, foliis ensiformibus; floribus capitatis, consertis, albidis, petalis basi nigrissime notatis.

Ixia, with sword-shaped leaves; flowers grow in close bunches, whitish, the petals very dark, marked at the base.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The two sheaths of the Empalement.

2. A Blossom spread open, with the Chives remaining.

3. The Seed-bud and Pointal, one Summit detached, magnified.

As no difference, either in culture or increase, is necessary for this plant, more than is required for the other varieties of this species of Ixia; we shall refer our readers to the directions for the treatment of them, for the management of this. Our figure is from a drawing taken at the Hammersmith nursery in the year 1799, about the month of May. It is one of those introduced to the Royal Gardens at Kew by Mr. F. Masson about the year 1774, although lost to us for some years, but since received from the collections in Holland.

PLATE CLX.

ARISTEA MAJOR.

_Spike-flowered Aristea._

CLASS III. ORDER I.

_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

PETALA 6. Stigma concavum. Capsula triloba, trilocularis, loculis compressis. Semina in singulo loculo bina, compressa truncata.

PETALS 6. Summit concave. Capsule three-lobed, three-celled; cells flattened. Seeds two in each cell, flattened and appearing cut off at the end.

See ARISTEA CYANEA, Pl. X. Vol. I.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Aristea foliis ensiformibus longissimis; floribus spicatis, cæruleis.

Aristea with very long leaves; flowers grow in spikes, and blue.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The two sheaths of the Empalement.

2. A Blossom with the Seed-bud, both cut open and remaining attached, the Shaft removed.

3. The Pointal natural size, with the summit detached magnified.

4. A ripe seed-vessel, natural size.

5. The same with the cells laid open to shew the situation of the seeds.

The Genus Aristea, having certainly been formed from a dried specimen of the plant, the alterations we have made in our Generic and Essential characters, will, upon inspecting the dissections, appear absolutely necessary; as the shaft is not bent, in either species we have examined, whilst the flower is perfect; but assumes that appearance on its decay, as it becomes involved with the petals, which twist up in the manner of Morœa, Iris, &c. The Summit likewise, is not funnel-shaped, but merely a little concave, with a border; other small variations have been made, in the character of the seed-vessel and seed. In the year 1794, this fine plant was raised by Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, from seeds received by them from the Cape of Good Hope, where it is native. It is one of the very hardiest inhabitants of the greenhouse, and is propagated, either from the seed, which ripens with us; or by the offsets made from the root. The plant is persistent, but does not acquire a stem; the leaves growing to the length of from two, to three feet, the flower-stem sometimes to the height of four feet; which was nearly that of the plant in the Collection of G. Hibbert, Esq. Clapham, from which our drawing was taken in the month of July 1800. It should be planted in sandy peat.

PLATE CLXI.

HERMANNIA PULVERATA.

_Powdered Hermannia._

CLASS XVI. ORDER II.

_MONADELPHIA PENTANDRIA._ Threads united. Five Pointals.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

CALYX. Perianthium monophyllum, quinquefidum, subrotundum, inflatum; lacinulis inflexis; persistens.

COROLLA pentapetala, spiralis; ungues longitudine calycis, utrinque aucti membranula connivente in tubum cucullatum nectariferum; limbus patens, latiusculus, obtusus.

STAMINA. Filamenta quinque, latiuscula, inferne levissime in unum corpus coalita. Antheræ erectæ, acuminatæ, conniventes.

PISTILLUM. Germen subrotundum, pentagonum, quinquangulare. Styli quinque, filiformes, approximati, subulati, staminibus longiores. Stigmata simplicia.

PERICARPIUM. Capsula subrotunda, pentagona, quinque-locularis, apice dehiscens.

SEMINA plurima, parva.

EMPALEMENT. Cup one leaf, five-cleft, roundish and swelled out; segments turned inwards; remaining.

BLOSSOM, five petals, spiral; claws the length of the cup, widened on both sides by a small skinny substance forming a honey-bearing, cowl-shaped tube; border spreading, broadish, blunt.

CHIVES. Five threads, broadish, slightly joined at the base into one body. Tips upright, tapered, and approaching each other.

POINTAL. Seed-bud roundish, five-sided, five-angled. Shafts five, thread-shaped, close together, awl shaped, longer than the Chives. Summits simple.

SEED VESSEL. Capsula roundish, five-sided, five-celled, splitting at top.

SEEDS, many, small.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Hermannia foliis bipinnatifidis, scabriusculis, albicantibus; pedunculis bifloris, longissimis; corollis sordidé luteis.

Hermannia with doubly wing-cleft leaves, rather rough and whitish; flower-stems two-flowered, very long; blossoms of a dirty yellow.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The Empalement.

2. A leaf of the Blossom, to shew its incurved character at the base.

3. The Chives, magnified, with the pointals remaining, to shew their length with regard to the Chives.

4. The Seed-bud, Shafts, Summits, magnified.

This plant appears to stand an intermediate character, between Mahernia and Hermannia: the general habit affines most to the former, and indeed, the shape of the threads, on which the essential generical distinction rests, approaches very near to those in Mahernia; for, although they have not absolutely foot-stalks, they are much larger, above the middle, than is usual in Hermannia, as may be seen on the plate; where these parts are shewn, magnified. It has likewise that singularly curious character, seen in Mahernia, of the two blossoms which terminate the flower-stems, each taking a contrary direction, in its spiral twist, to the other. As a greenhouse plant, it is rather tender in regard to damp, though not to cold; therefore, should be kept in the most airy part of the house. It is a native of the Cape, from whence it was introduced in the year 1796, to the Royal Gardens, Kew. By cuttings made in the month of April, it may be preserved, and increased, as it is not a long-lived plant. Loam, with a small portion of old rotten dung, it thrives in most. Our drawing was taken, at the Nursery, Hammersmith, in June 1800.

PLATE CLXII.

VERBASCUM FERRUGINEUM.

_Rusty-flowered Mullein._

CLASS V. ORDER I.

_PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Five Chives. One Pointal.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

CALYX. Perianthium monophyllum, quinquepartitum, parvum, persistens; laciniis erectis, acutis.

COROLLA monopetala, rotata, sub-inæqualis; tubus cylindraceus, brevissimus; limbus patens, quinque-partitus; laciniis ovatis, obtusis.

STAMINA. Filaments quinque, subulata, corolla breviora. Antheræ subrotundæ, compressæ, erectæ.

PISTILLUM. Germen subrotundum. Stylus filiformis, longitudine staminum, inclinatus. Stigma crassiusculum, obtusum.

PERICARPIUM. Capsula subrotunda, bilocularis, bivalvis, superne dehiscens. Receptacula dimidiato-ovata, dissepimento affixa.

SEMINA numerosa, angulata.

_Obs._ In plerisque stamina inclinata sunt, villisque coloratis interne vestita.

EMPALEMENT. Cup of one leaf, with five divisions, small, remaining; segments upright, sharp pointed.

BLOSSOM one petal, wheel-shaped, rather unequal; tube cylindrical, very short; border spreading, five divisions; segments egg-shaped, blunt.

CHIVES. Threads five, awl-shaped, shorter than the blossom. Tips roundish, flattened, upright.

POINTAL. Seed-bud roundish. Shaft thread-shaped, the length of the chives, bent downward. Summit rather thick and blunt.

SEED-VESSEL. Capsule roundish, with two cells, two valves, splitting at the top. Receptacles the form of half an egg, fixed to the partition.

SEEDS numerous, angular.

_Obs._ In the greatest number of species the chives are bent downward, and clothed with soft, coloured hairs on the lower part.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Verbascum foliis subvillosis, rugosis; caulinis subsessilibus, æqualiter crenatis, radicalibus oblongis, cordatis, duplicato crenatis.

Mullein with leaves a little hairy and rough: stem leaves almost without foot stalks, equally scolloped; leaves from the root oblong, heart-shaped, and doubly scolloped.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. A Leaf of the plant, from the lower part.

2. The Empalement.

3. A Blossom, shewn from the front.

4. The same cut open from the side, to shew the insertion of the chives.

5. One Chive magnified.

6. The Pointal and Seed-bud, magnified.

The rusty-flowered Mullein of the Kew Catalogue, collated from Sutherland’s Hortus Medicus Edinburghensis, is undoubtedly our plant; but, though it stands a name in the book, we much question its having graced the garden, at the time of its publication. It certainly has been lost to us above a century, and but recently introduced to the Oxford Botanic Garden by the late Dr. Sibthorpe. Being a hardy biennial, it will perfect its seeds about July, which may be sown in August the same year. It will grow in any soil, but a sandy compost of light peat and loam suits it most. The flowers on the spikes, which grow sometimes to the length of four feet, continue to expand, upwards, for above two months; that is to say, from April, till June. Our figure was taken from a specimen sent by the Hon. W. H. Irby, from his garden at the Parsonage, Farnham Royal, Bucks.

PLATE CLXIII.

AMARYLLIS FOTHERGILLIA.

_Fothergillian Lily Daffodil._

CLASS VI. ORDER I.

_HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Six Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

COROLLA 6-petala, campanulata. Stigma trifidum.

BLOSSOM 6-petalled, bell shaped. Summit three-cleft.

See AMARYLLIS RADIATA, Pl. XCV. Vol. II.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Amaryllis spatha multiflora; petalis lanceolatis, apice revolutis; genetalibus erectis; foliis linearibus, sub-canaliculatis, obtusis, glaucis.

Lily Daffodil with many flowers in the sheath; petals lance-shaped, rolled back at the point; parts of fructification upright; leaves linear, rather channelled, obtuse, and of a sea-green colour.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. A Petal, with its Chive attached.

2. The Seed bud, and Pointal.

3. A ripe Seed-vessel, with the Seeds.

Even amidst this splendid family, Amaryllis Fothergillia stands conspicuously preeminent; the flowers have the same vivid character of refulgence, when exposed to the sun’s rays, which is perceived in A. Sarniensis, or the Guernsey Lily, to which it is nigh affined. The late Dr. Fothergill (to whom the botanical world is so much indebted, for the zeal and extraordinary liberality he constantly manifested, in advancing the science) received this plant from China at the same time with A. aurea, A. radiata, &c. about the year 1777. It is rather a scarce and tender bulb, as it is subject to rot by overmuch wet. It has hitherto been kept, as are most plants on their first arrival from China, in the hot-house; but, from every appearance, we should be led to suppose, it would not perish if kept in the Green-house, as we question much, whether it is not equally hardy with the Guernsey Lily, and a native, originally, as well as the latter, of Japan.

It should be planted in sandy loam, with a small quantity of rough peat, above the tiles in the pot, to make it flower. The propagation is from offsets, which are produced but rarely from the old bulbs. Our figure was taken from a plant in the Hammersmith nursery this year, 1801, in the month of May.

PLATE CLXIV.

GALAXIA GRANDIFLORA.

_Large-flowered Galaxia._

CLASS XVI. ORDER I.

_MONADELPHIA TRIANDRIA._ Threads united. Three Chives.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

SPATHA univalvis. Corolla monopetala, 6 fida, tubus filiformis. Stigma multipartita.

SHEATH of one valve. Blossom one petal, 6-cleft, tube thread-shaped. Summit many divisions.

See GALAXIA OVATA, Pl. XCIV. Vol. II.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Galaxia foliis canaliculatis, acuminatis, arcuatis; corolla magna, lutea, folia æquantia.

Galaxia with channelled leaves, tapered to the point, and arched; blossom large, yellow, and the length of the leaves.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The sheath of the blossom.

2. A Blossom spread open, with the Chives attached.

3. The Seed-bud, Shaft, and Summit, the summit detached, magnified.

The figure of this delicate little bulb was taken from a plant in the Hibbertian Collection, which had been imported in the last, and flowered in February this year 1801. It is a tender plant, and the roots are very subject to decay after flowering, for which reason, they should be removed from the pot before the leaves are quite decayed. Mr. Allen informs us he has kept it, in the greenhouse, with the other Cape bulbs, planted in light sandy peat earth.

PLATE CLXV.

ECHIUM GLAUCOPHYLLUM.

_Sea-green-leaved Viper’s-Bugloss._

CLASS V. ORDER I.

_PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Five Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

COROLLA irregularis, fauce nuda.

BLOSSOM irregular, mouth naked.

See ECHIUM GRANDIFLORUM, Pl. XX. Vol. I.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Echium caule fruticoso; ramis calycibusque glabris; foliis ovato-lanceolatis, glaucis, glabris, margine serrulatis; corollis subæqualibus.

Viper’s-Bugloss with a shrubby stem; branches very smooth; leaves between egg and lance-shaped, of a sea-green colour, smooth, and slightly sawed at the margin; blossoms nearly equal.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The Empalement.

2. A Blossom cut open, to shew the insertion of the chives.

3. The Seed-bud, Shaft, and Summit, magnified.

This shrubby species of Echium was introduced, to the Royal Gardens at Kew, by Mr. F. Masson, in the year 1792, from the Cape of Good Hope. It grows to the height of three feet, or more, rather bushy at the top, flowers about the month of May, and perfects its seeds with us; by which only method, it is to be propagated. It thrives best in a light loamy soil, with a small proportion of sandy peat, about one fourth.

Professor Martyn, in his Miller’s Dic. has collated two descriptions of Echiums under the titles of lævigatum, and glabrum; the first, No. 9, from Lin. Sp. Plant. 199; the second, No 19, from Vahl. Symb. 3. 22. Thunberg has likewise, in his Prodromus, 33. two names of plants, as E. lævigatum, and E. glabrum; from whom Willdenow, in his new Edition of Sp. Plant, p. 785, has copied them under the same titles; adding, the various synonyms, from Linnæus’s Sp. Plant, to the one; and to the latter, Prof. Jacquin’s specific of glaucophyllum, taken from his Ic. rar. 2. t. 312, and his Collect. 2. p. 325. Now, we have little hesitation in declaring our opinion, and we think, those who choose to compare our figure with the different descriptions here mentioned, will coincide with us, that this is the plant from which they must all have originated, except the E. glabrum of Vahl, which we take to be a different plant; as, the cup is described hairy, the length of the tube of the blossom; the chives longer, and the flower smaller. Wherefore, we have taken, for our plant, the specific title of Jacquin, as being, in our idea, the most appropriate.

PLATE CLXVI.

GLADIOLUS ABREVIATUS.

_Shortened-petalled Gladiolus._

CLASS III. ORDER I.

_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

COROLLA sexpartita, ringens. Stamina adscendentia.

BLOSSOM six divisions, gaping. Chives ascending.

See GLADIOLUS ROSEUS, Pl. XI. Vol. I.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Gladiolus foliis linearibus, cruciatis, scapo longioribus; corolla tubulosa, striata, ima angustata, lacinia summa magna, recta, ovata, reliquæ vero parvæ, abreviatæ.

Gladiolus with linear leaves, cross shaped, longer than the flower-stem; blossom tubular, streaked, and narrowed at the lower part, the upper petal is large, grows straight out, and egg-shaped, the others are small, and appear as if shortened.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The outer sheath of the Empalement.

2. The inner sheath of the Empalement.

3. A Blossom spread open, with the Chives attached.

4. The Seed-bud, Shaft, and Summits.

This most singular Gladiolus was received, amongst a variety of others, in the year 1799, from the Cape of Good Hope, by Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, Hammersmith; at whose nursery it flowered in March, this year 1801, for the first time. It is a hardy bulb, and propagates freely from the root; grows about two feet high, and, before flowering, has much the appearance of G. tristis.

PLATE CLXVII.

BRUNSFELSIA UNDULATA.

_Waved-flowered Brunsfelsia._

CLASS XIV. ORDER II.

_DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA._ Two Chives longer. Seeds covered.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

CALYX. Perianthium monophyllum, campanulatum, quinquedentatum, obtusum, minimum, persitens.

COROLLA monopetala, infundibuliformis; tubus longissimus, subincurvus; limbus planus, quinquefidus, obtusus.

STAMINA. Filamenta quatuor, brevissima. Antheræ oblongæ, erectæ, filamentis dorso affixæ.

PISTILLUM. Germen subrotundum, parvum. Stylus filiformis, longitudine tubi. Stigma crassiusculum.

PERICARPIUM. Capsula extus baccata, globosa, unilocularis, bivalvis.

SEMINA plurima, compressa, hinc convexa, inde angulata, punctato-scabra.

RECEPTACULUM fundo capsulæ adnatum, paleaceum; paleis coadunatis, apice subulatis, semina distinguentibus.

EMPALEMENT. Cup one leaf, bell-shaped, five-toothed, blunt, very small, remaining.

BLOSSOM. One petal, funnel-shaped; tube very long, rather curved; border flat, five-cleft, obtuse.

CHIVES. Four threads, very short. Tips oblong, upright, fixed by the back to the threads.

POINTAL. Seed-bud roundish, small. Shaft thread-shaped, the length of the tube. Summit rather fleshy.

SEED-VESSEL. Capsule on the outside a berry, globular, one cell, two valves.

SEEDS many, flat, convex on one side, angular on the other, roughly punctured.

RECEPTACLE fixed to the bottom of the capsule, chaffy; chaffs joining at the base, awl shaped at the point, separating the seeds.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Brunsfelsia foliis lanceolato-obovatis, utrinque acuminatis, petiolis brevissimis; tubus parum incurvatus, laciniis limbi undulatis.

Brunsfelsia with leaves between lance and inversely egg-shaped, tapered to both ends, footstalks very short; tube a little incurved, the segments of the border waved.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The Empalement.

2. The tube of the blossom cut open, to shew the insertion and character of the Chives.

3. The Pointal and Seed-bud.

The Genus Brunsfelsia (by Plumier so named, in honour of Otho Brunsfels a monk, the first who edited in 1530 a Botanical work with good figures, it contained 238 plates) has undergone a very necessary revision since the days of Linnæus; indeed, it appears singular that Father Plumier, from whom Linnæus quotes his Generic character, should have committed so great an oversight, as to describe it with five chives; a feature scarcely to be expected, from a sport of nature, in plants of this Class. So however it is on record, and the fifth Class of the Gen. and Spe. Plant, and of the Syst. Nat. tom. ii. each includes this Genus; from which, we should be induced to think he had designed some other plant; if the figure, and the rest of the description, did not confirm it. Schreber, in his Gen. Plant, has likewise an observation, that the fruit should be named a capsule, rather than a berry; as given by Linnæus, Miller, and Swartz; his reason, that it splits determinately, by a suture, from the top to the base.

Our species, is the third now in Britain; they are all natives of the West India Islands. The 1st B. americana has been long an inhabitant of our hothouses; the 2d B. maculata is but little known to most, though long cultivated here; as it has been treated as a variety of the first species, notwithstanding the strong specific difference, in the shape of the leaves and blossoms; which in the B. maculata, are beautifully marked at the base, and as large as the undulata; the leaves inversely egg-shaped and more downy. The present plant seldom grows more than four feet high, flowers freely about March, is very sweet scented, and is easily propagated by cuttings. It was first sent to England in the year 1784 by Mr. Elcock from the Island of Barbadoes, to Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, Hammersmith. Our drawing was made from a plant in the Clapham Collection, in March 1800. It should be planted in rich earth.

PLATE CLXVIII.

GERANIUM PICTUM.

_Painted-flowered Geranium._

CLASS XVI. ORDER IV.

_MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Threads united. Ten Chives.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

MONOGYNA. Stigmata 5, Fructus rostratus, penta-coccus.

ONE POINTAL. Five Summits. Fruit furnished with long awns, five dry berries.

See GERANIUM GRANDIFLORUM. Pl. XII. Vol. I.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Geranium foliis cordato-oblongis, obtusis, inequaliter incisis, tomentosis, humi adpressis; corolla alba, petalis superioribus profundè supra medium rubro maculatis; staminibus septem fertilibus; radice tuberosa.

Geranium with oblong heart-shaped leaves, blunt, unequally gashed, downy, and lying close to the ground; blossom white; the upper petals deeply marked with red about the middle; seven fertile chives; root tuberous.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The Empalement.

2. The Chives and Pointal, magnified.

3. The Chives spread open, magnified.

4. The Seed-bud, Shaft and Summit, magnified.

No Genus of Plants claims our notice, for its beauty, more than Geranium, and this species, certainly, ranks amongst the foremost. It is a native of the Cape of Good Hope, and we believe only to be found in the Clapham Collection; where, our figure was taken in April this year, from a plant, the bulb or root of which had been received the preceding autumn. It is nearly the only one, amongst twenty-two species of the tuberous kind, all having irregular petalled blossoms and tubular cups, of which we possess drawings, that has seven fertile chives; the greater number have two, four, or five. It appears to flourish under the treatment given it by Mr. Allen, which is, by keeping it in sandy peat, on a shelf, very dry, in the green-house. The propagation appears to be the same for this, as the other tuberous kinds, that is, by the root.

PLATE CLXIX.

CRINUM GIGANTEUM.

_Gigantic Asphodel-Lily._

CLASS VI. ORDER I.

_HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Six Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

COROLLA supra, infundibuliformis, sexpartita, æqualis; filamenta tubi fauci inserta; semina ad basin corollarum, vivipara.

BLOSSOM above, funnel-shaped, six-parted, equal; threads inserted into the mouth of the tube; seeds at the base of the blossoms, viviparous.

See CRINUM SPIRALE, Pl. XCII. Vol. II.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Crinum foliis flaccidis, undulatis; floribus sessilibus, umbellatis; petalis concavis, subalbidis.

Asphodel-Lily with flaccid, waved leaves; flowers sitting close to the flower stem in umbels; petals concave, nearly white.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. A miniature representation of the whole plant.

2. A Petal with its chive.

3. The Seed-bud, Shaft, and Summit.

The coast of Africa bordering on our settlement at Sierra Leone, has furnished us with a number of beautiful plants; but none more so, than those of the natural order of Lily; witness our present figure, which was taken from a plant in the Hammersmith collection, in the month of August 1800. The bulbs of this grand species of Crinum, were received by her Ladyship, the Right Honourable the Marchioness of Rockingham, about the year 1792, from Sierra Leone; they may be considered as hardy hothouse plants, and may be kept in any part of it; will flower, freely, about the month of August, the flower-stems rising, sometimes, to the height of three feet. A mixture, of leaf mould, or sandy peat one half, and light loam the other, is the best compost to make them flourish. It is propagated from the seed, or offsets.--Having made a small alteration, in the Essential Character of the Genus; and as it is likely we may figure some other species of Crinums shortly; we think it necessary to add a few words, to that point. The most ostensible difference, we have been able to trace, in comparing above 40 species of Crinums and Amaryllis’s, and on which to rest, with certainty, for generical distinction; can, unquestionably, be taken only, from the seeds; as these in most species of Pancratium, Hæmanthus, and all of this Genus, are viviparous or formed like fleshy bulbs, producing plants, like offsets taken from the original bulbs. From Pancratium it is distinct, in being destitute of the Honey-cup; and equally so from Hæmanthus, which has its sheath of many leaves, the flowers and chives upright, and the chives, twice the length of the blossoms.

PLATE CLXX.

IXIA BULBOCODIUM. _Var. flore speciosissimo._

_Crocus-leaved Ixia._ _Var. with most beautiful flower._

CLASS III. ORDER I.

_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

COROLLA 6-petala, patens, æqualis. Stamina tria, erectiusculo-patula.

BLOSSOM 6-petals, spreading, equal. Chives three, upright, spreading.

See IXIA REFLEXA, Pl. XIV. Vol. I.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Ixia scapo unifloro; foliis linearibus, canaliculatis, scapo æquantibus; corolla declinata, tubo brevi; stigmatibus sextuplicibus.

Ixia with one flower on the stem; leaves linear, and channelled, the length of the flower-stem; blossom declined, with a short tube; summits sextuple.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The two sheaths of the Empalement.

2. A Blossom cut and spread open, with the Chives, shewn from the inside.

3. The same, shewn from the back or outside.

4. The Pointal, with the Summits, magnified.

This extremely delicate, and beautiful little Ixia, flowered, for the first time, in March this year, 1801, in the collection of G. Hibbert, Esq. Clapham Common; the bulbs having been received the preceding autumn from the Cape of Good Hope. It appears to be one of those plants, which seldom survive the second season, in this climate; and we much fear, without a fresh supply, it will be soon lost to this country; as it does not ripen its seeds, and the roots do not seem as if inclined to increase by offsets.

PLATE CLXXI.

HYPOXIS LINEARIS.

_Linear-leaved Hypoxis._

CLASS VI. ORDER I.

_HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Six Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

COROLLA 6-partita, persistens, supera. Capsula basi angustior. Spatha 2-valvis.

BLOSSOM 6-parted, remaining, above. Capsule narrower at the base. Sheath 2-valved.

See HYPOXIS STELLATA, Pl. CI. Vol. II.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Hypoxis foliis linearibus, glabris, canaliculatis, longiore scapo unifloro; corolla intus aurea, extus viridis.

Hypoxis with linear leaves, smooth, channelled, and longer than the flower-stem, which has but one flower; blossom orange within, green without.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. Chives and Seed-bud.

2. Pointal and Seed-bud, magnified.

3. The Seed-bud cut transversely.

At first, we had some doubts whether this plant should not be considered as a variety of Hypoxis stellata, to which it undoubtedly affines; but, upon due examination, find it a distinct and new species; as well, from the shape and length of the leaves, as the shape, character, and colour of the blossom, and figure of the root.

Like Hypoxis stellata it is a native of the Cape of Good Hope, and was introduced, from thence, by Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, in the year 1792. For its treatment, &c. we must refer our readers to the above species, Pl. 101. Vol. 2. Our drawing was taken in March 1801 from a plant in the Hibbertian Collection, Clapham Common. The flower of this plant, like many of the Ixias, &c. is expanded but a few hours each day, and that only, whilst under the influence of a strong morning sun; as, if the weather is gloomy, it keeps close shut, but does not speedily decay, for it will continue to open, with equal brilliancy, for eight or ten days.

PLATE CLXXII.

ANEMONE PALMATA.

_Cyclamen-leaved Portugal Anemone._

CLASS XIII. ORDER VII.

_POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA._ Many Chives. Many Pointals.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

CALYX nullus.

COROLLA. Petala duorum triumve ordinum, in singula serie tria, oblongiuscula.

STAMINA. Filamenta numerosa, capillaria, corolla dimidio breviora. Antheræ didymæ, erectæ.

PISTILLA. Germina numerosa, in capitulum collecta. Styli acuminati. Stigmata obtusa.

PERICARPIUM nullum. Receptaculum globosum, sive oblongum, excavato-punctatum.

SEMINA plurima, acuminata, stylum retinentia.

EMPALEMENT none.

BLOSSOM. Petals in two or three rows, three in a row, rather oblong.

CHIVES. Threads numerous, hair-like, half the length of the blossom. Tips doubled, erect.

POINTALS. Seed-buds numerous, collected into a small head. Shafts tapered. Summits blunt.

SEED-VESSEL none. Receptacle globular or oblong, hollowed and dotted.

SEEDS many, tapered, retaining the shaft.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Anemone foliis reniformibus, sub-lobatis crenatis; involucro multifido; petalis exterioribus villosis, majoribus.

Anemone with kidney-shaped leaves, a little lobed, scolloped; fence many-cleft; the outer petals hairy and larger.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.