Chapter XX: To Petersburg

Comments of the Rebel Newspapers. -- Opinions of the Soldiers.
-- Discussion of Plans. -- General Hunter's Advance to
Lynchburg. -- Sheridan's Raid. -- Butler and Gillmore. --
Movement to James River. -- Gillmore's Failure. -- Grant's
Instructions to Smith. -- Lee surprised. -- General Hinks's
Division of Colored Troops. -- Their First Engagement. --
Smith's Advance. -- First Battle in Front of Petersburg. --
Capture of Rebel Intrenchments. -- General Terry's Movement. --
Lost Opportunities. -- Sentiments of the People. -- President
Lincoln. -- Heroism of the Colored Soldiers. -- Arrival of the
Ninth Corps. -- Second Battle in Front of Petersburg. --
General Potter's Division. -- Fifty-Seventh Massachusetts. --
Edward M. Schneider. -- Third Battle in Front of Petersburg. --
Barbarism of Slavery. -- Prejudice against Colored Troops. --
The Christian Commission. -- Hardships of the Campaign. --
Religion in the Army. 351

CHAPTER XXI.

SIEGE OPERATIONS.

Lieutenant-Colonel Pleasants. -- His Plan for a Mine to destroy
the Works before Petersburg. -- Difficulties he encountered in
constructing it. -- Battle at Deep Bottom. -- Completion of the
Mine. -- Preparations for springing it. -- Fuse goes out. --
Delay. -- Relighted. -- The Explosion. -- Consternation of the
Rebels. -- Confusion of Union Troops. -- Rebels return to their
Guns. -- Terrible Slaughter in the Crater. -- Reasons for the
Failure. -- The Rebel Press. -- The Fortunes of the Confederacy. 376

CHAPTER XXII.

THIRD INVASION OF MARYLAND.

General Situation of Affairs. -- Early's Movement down the
Valley. -- Breckenridge sent to reinforce him. -- The Sixth
Corps. -- Excitement in Washington. -- Early's Force. --
Massachusetts Sixteenth Regiment. -- Arrival of Nineteenth
Corps. -- Enthusiastic Reception. -- Confidence restored. --
Battle of Monocacy. -- Alarming Reports. -- Advance of Rebels
upon Washington. -- Their hasty Retreat. 384

CHAPTER XXIII.

SHERMAN'S ARMY.

Review of Sherman's Campaign. -- Jeff Davis's dislike of
Johnston. -- Appointment of Hood. -- Davis's Speech to Hood's
Army. -- Sherman contemplates a Movement to Savannah. -- Grant
authorizes it. -- Organization of Sherman's Army. -- Comments
of Rebel Press on his March to the Sea. -- Complaints of
Sherman's Inhumanity. -- He is compared to Attila. -- His
Vindication of Himself. -- The Bummers. -- Their Humanity to
Union Refugees. 391

CHAPTER XXIV.

CHRISTIANITY AND BARBARISM.

Sherman in Savannah. -- Destitution of the People. -- Humanity
of the People of the North. -- Steamer Greyhound. -- Belle
Boyd. -- Voyage of the Greyhound. -- Thunderbolt Battery. --
Fifty-Fifth Massachusetts. -- Distribution of Supplies. --
Rebel Prisons. -- Responsibility of Rebel Officials. --
Amiability of General Lee. -- Andersonville. 402

CHAPTER XXV.

SCENES IN SAVANNAH.

Aunt Nellie and her Sister. -- Inhumanity of Slavery. --
Whittier's Lines. -- Burning of the Arsenal. -- General
Sherman's Order No. 15. -- Abandoned Lands. -- General Saxton.
-- Meeting of Freedmen. -- Address of Rev. Mr. French. --
Appearance of the Congregation. -- Rev. Mr. Houston. -- The
Slave Market. -- Commencing a Colony. -- Plans of the Freedmen.
-- The Sexton. -- The Dead from Manassas. -- The Gospel of
Slavery. -- Breaking up of Society. -- Ladies of Savannah. --
Poor Whites of Georgia. -- Negro Dialect. -- Freedmen in
Council in the Slave Market. -- Their Battle-Hymn. --
Civilization. -- Christianity at Work. 414

CHAPTER XXVI.

SHERMAN IN SOUTH CAROLINA.

Instructions of General Grant. -- Sherman's Plan. --
Expectation of the Rebels. -- Grover's Division. -- His Army in
Motion. -- Howard's Advance to the Salkehatchie. -- Crossing
the River. -- Hardee retires to Branchville. -- Kilpatrick's
Movement towards Augusta. -- Consternation of the Rebels. --
Sherman moves to Orangeburg. -- General Potter's Division. --
Hampton's and Wheeler's Cavalry. -- Hampton's Home. --
Columbia. -- Burning of the City. -- Sherman charges Hampton
with kindling the Fire. -- Bitterness of South-Carolinians
against General Sherman. -- Responsibility of the Rebel
Government for Outrages. 436

CHAPTER XXVII.

SOUTH CAROLINA BEFORE THE WAR.

The Part taken by the State in the Political Affairs of the
Nation. -- Basis of Representation. -- Classes of People. --
Lowlanders and Uplanders. -- Climate. -- Cotton. -- Parish
System. -- Assembling of the Legislature in 1860. -- Remarks
of W. D. Porter. -- Secession Principles. -- Adjournment to
Charleston. -- Hibernia Hall. -- Rev. Dr. Thornwell's
Preaching. -- The Teachings of the Bible. -- The Province of
History. -- Negroes for Sale. -- Women of South Carolina in
Favor of Secession. -- The Charleston _Mercury_. -- The
"Patriarchal Institution". 444

CHAPTER XXVIII.

SUMTER.

Governor Pickens's Letter to President Buchanan. -- Major
Anderson In Sumter. -- Construction of Rebel Batteries. --
Negotiations for the Surrender of the Fort. -- The Bombardment.
-- Scenes in Charleston after the Surrender. -- Visit to the
Fort. -- Captured Blockade-Runners. -- Condition of the Fort.
-- Scenes of the Morning. 454