Chapter IV: Part 4

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Nests are placed about five feet high (ranging from 10 inches to 40 feet) in osage orange, elm, grape, rose, red cedar, coralberry, willow, cottonwood, gooseberry, oak, elderberry, box elder, arbor vitae, Lombardy poplar, Forsythia, pines, honeysuckle, wisteria, lilac, red haw, hickory, dogwood, and sycamore.

=Rose-breasted Grosbeak=: _Pheucticus ludovicianus_ (Linnaeus).--This is a local and at times common summer resident in eastern Kansas, in woodland, edge, and riparian timber. Specimens taken in the breeding season and actual records of breeding come from Clay, Riley, Doniphan, Leavenworth, and Douglas counties. This species meets and hybridizes with the Black-headed Grosbeak west of the Flint Hills. Temporal occurrence in the State is indicated in Table 19.

_Breeding schedule._--Eleven records of breeding span the period May 11 to July 10; the modal date for laying is probably June 5.

_Number of eggs._--Clutch-size is 3 or 4 eggs.

Nests are placed in deciduous trees, in forks and crotches six to 30 feet high.

=Black-headed Grosbeak=: _Pheucticus mehnocephalus melanocephalus_ (Swainson).--This summer resident is common in western Kansas, chiefly along streams. Individuals referable to this species by sight records alone breed in fair numbers as far east as Cloud and Sedgwick counties, but to the east of these stations numbers are reduced, partly as a result of presumed competition with the Rose-breasted Grosbeak. Hybrids between these two grosbeaks are regularly produced. The easternmost record of breeding by this species is at St. Mary's, Pottawatomie County, where a male was seen as probably mated with a female Rose-breasted Grosbeak. Temporal occurrence is indicated in Table 19.

_Breeding schedule._--Sixteen records of breeding span the period May 11 to July 10; the modal date for egg-laying is June 5.

_Number of eggs._--Clutch-size is about 4 eggs (3.7, 3-4; 4). Nests are placed about 12 feet high in a variety of deciduous trees.

=Blue Grosbeak=: _Guiraca caerulea_ (Linnaeus).--This is a common to uncommon summer resident in most of Kansas, in brushland and streamside thickets. _G. c. caerulea_ (Linnaeus) breeds in the east, east of stations in Douglas, Greenwood, and Cowley counties, and _G. c. interfusa_ Dwight and Griscom breeds in the west, west of stations in Cloud, Stafford, and Clark counties; a broad zone of intergradation exists between the two named populations. Temporal occurrence is indicated in Table 19.

_Breeding schedule._--Seven records of breeding span the period May 21 to June 30; the modal date of laying seems to be in late May or early June.

_Number of eggs._--Clutch-size is about 4 eggs.

Nests are placed from three to 30 feet high in a variety of deciduous plants.

TABLE 19.--OCCURRENCE IN TIME OF SUMMER RESIDENT CARDINAL
GROSBEAKS IN KANSAS

=Indigo Bunting=: _Passerina cyanea_ (Linnaeus).--This summer resident is common in mixed-field and heavy brushland habitats. The species extends westerly, in riparian situations, in reduced numbers, ultimately meeting and hybridizing with the Lazuli Bunting. Specimens referrable to the Indigo Bunting have been taken as far west as Finney County, but most specimens from that far west show evidence of interbreeding with Lazuli Buntings. Temporal occurrence is indicated in Table 19.

_Breeding schedule._--Twenty-four records of breeding span the period May 11 to August 20 (Fig. 8); the modal date for egg-laying is June 15.

_Number of eggs._--Clutch-size is 3 eggs (3.1, 2-4; 17).

Nests are placed about three feet high (ranging from one to nine feet) in coralberry, sumac, thistle, sycamore sprouts, hickory sprouts, grape, elderberry, cottonwood, dogwood, ragweed, and grasses.

=Lazuli Bunting=: _Passerina amoena_ (Say).--This uncommon summer resident of western Kansas occurs in edge habitats and streamside thickets. The one breeding record is from Morton County, and there is a breeding specimen taken at Sharon Springs, Wallace County. The species hybridizes with the Indigo Bunting in the western half of the State. Temporal occurrence in spring is indicated in Table 19.

_Breeding schedule._--Eggs are laid in June and July.

_Number of eggs._--Clutch-size is about 4 eggs (Davie, 1898).

Nests are placed a few feet from the ground, probably much as are nests of the Indigo Bunting.

=Painted Bunting=: _Passerina ciris pallidior_ Mearns.--This is an uncommon summer resident in the southeastern third of Kansas, in edge habitats and streamside brush. Specimens taken in the breeding season and actual nesting records come from Douglas, Shawnee, Geary, Barber, and Crawford counties. Temporal occurrence in spring is indicated in Table 19.

_Breeding schedule._--Eggs are laid in June and July.

_Number of eggs._--Clutch-size is about 4 eggs (Davie, 1898).

Nests are placed in deciduous shrubs and trees.

=Dickcissel=: _Spiza americana_ (Gmelin).--This species is a common summer resident in eastern Kansas and is local and irregular in the west, in grassland habitats. Temporal occurrence is indicated in Table 19.

_Breeding schedule._--Forty-one records of breeding span the period May 1 to July 10 (Fig. 8); the modal date for egg-laying seems to be May 5, but the curiously abrupt inception of breeding described by this sample suggests that more records are needed to document fully the breeding schedule of this species. Breeding in April almost certainly will be found.

_Number of eggs._--Clutch-size is about 4 eggs (4.1, 3-5; 14).

Nests are placed about two feet high (ranging from ground level to 12 feet) in grasses, osage orange, sedge, box elder, honey locust, clover, thistle, and blackberry.

=Pine Siskin=: _Spinus pinus pinus_ (Wilson).--This irregular summer resident occurs locally north of the 38th parallel, chiefly around planted conifers. Known stations of breeding are in Hays, Ellis County, Concordia, Cloud County, and Onaga and St. Marys, Pottawatomie County.

_Breeding schedule._--Twelve records of breeding span the period March 11 to May 20 (Fig. 9); most nests have been established in late April or by early May.

_Number of eggs._--Clutch-size is about 4 eggs. Of ten nests examined for eggs, five had at least one egg of the Brown-headed Cowbird; if it is assumed that each cowbird egg replaced one of the siskins, mean clutch-size is 3.7 eggs.

Nests are placed about seven feet high (ranging from 3.5 to 13 feet) in red cedar, exotic conifers, and Lombardy poplar.

=American Goldfinch=: _Spinus tristis tristis_ (Linnaeus).--This resident is common in woodland edge, scrubby second-growth, old fields, and riparian thickets. Occurrence tends to be local and at low density in the southwestern sector.

_Breeding schedule._--Twelve records of breeding span the period June 20 to September 10 (Fig. 9); the modal date for laying is August 5.

_Number of eggs._--Clutch-size is 4 eggs (4.4, 3-6; 8).

Nests are placed from two to eight feet high in woody or herbaceous vegetation.

=Red Crossbill=: _Loxia curvirostra_ Linnaeus.--This is an uncommon and irregular winter visitant to Kansas, but it nested once in Shawnee County. _L. c. minor_ (Brehm), on geographic grounds, probably nested here, but five other subspecies have been recorded in the State and any one of these might have undertaken the aberrant breeding.

_Breeding record._--Three eggs, set completed March 24, 1917, Shawnee County; successfully fledged (Hyde, 1917:166). The species usually lays 4 eggs and places its nests in conifers.

=Rufous-sided Towhee=: _Pipilo erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus_ (Linnaeus).--This is an uncommon summer resident in eastern Kansas, in understory of woodland and streamside timber. Specimens taken in the breeding season and actual records of nesting come from east of stations in Cloud, Marion, and Cherokee counties. Temporal occurrence is indicated in Table 20; records of _P. e. arcticus_ (Swainson) have been eliminated from the sample as far as has been possible.

_Breeding schedule._--Nineteen records of breeding span the period April 21 to August 10 (Fig. 9); the modal date for egg-laying is May 5.

_Number of eggs._--Clutch-size is 4 eggs (4.0, 3-7; 14).

Nests are placed on the ground, in heavy cover.

=Lark Bunting=: _Calamospiza melanocorys_ Stejneger.--This species is ordinarily a common summer resident in western Kansas, in grassland and open scrub. Specimens taken in the breeding season and all breeding records except one for western Franklin County come from west of stations in Decatur, Ellis, and Comanche counties. Irregular fluctuations in breeding density have been recorded from Decatur County (Wolfe, 1961). Temporal occurrence is indicated in Table 20.

_Breeding schedule._--Fourteen records of breeding span the period May 21 to June 20; the modal date of egg-laying cannot be determined from the present sample.

_Number of eggs._--Clutch-size is 4 eggs (4.1, 3-5; 7).

Nests are placed on the ground, at bases of clumps of grasses.

=Grasshopper Sparrow=: _Ammodramus savannarum perpallidus_ (Coues).--This species is a local and at times common summer resident throughout Kansas, in grassland. Temporal occurrence is indicated in Table 20.

_Breeding schedule._--Seven records of breeding fall in the period May 1 to June 30; the modal date of laying seems to be about May 21.

_Number of eggs._--Clutch-size is 5 eggs (4.8, 4-5; 5).

Nests are placed on the ground or in low vegetation, with cover of grasses or forbs.

=Henslow Sparrow=: _Passerherbulus henslowii henslowii_ (Audubon).--This is an uncommon and local summer resident in eastern Kansas, in grassland. Breeding records are from Cloud, Shawnee, Douglas, Morris, and Anderson counties. Temporal occurrence is indicated in Table 20.

_Breeding schedule._--Eggs are laid in May and June.

_Number of eggs._--Clutch-size is about 5 eggs.

Nests are placed on the ground, usually in bluestem pasture, but in any case grasses.

=Lark Sparrow=: _Chondestes grammacus_ (Say).--This is a common summer resident in grassland edge habitats. _C. g. grammacus_ (Say) breeds east of the Flint Hills, east of stations in Pottawatomie, Anderson, and Montgomery counties, and _C. g. strigatus_ Swainson breeds west of stations in Clay, Dickinson, Harvey, and Sedgwick counties; specimens from the intervening area are of intermediate subspecific character. Temporal occurrence is indicated in Table 20.

_Breeding schedule._--Thirty-nine records of breeding span the period May 1 to July 20 (Fig. 9); the modal date for egg-laying is probably May 25, but the sample may not be reliable in this respect.

_Number of eggs._--Clutch-size is 4 eggs (4.1, 3-5; 28).

Nests are usually placed on the ground, in cover of pasture grasses, clover, thistle, milo maize, and soybean; there is one record of a nest one and one-half feet high in a small pine.

=Cassin Sparrow=: _Aimophila cassinii_ (Woodhouse).--This is a common summer resident in open scrub and grassland edge, to the south and west of Wallace and Comanche counties. Specimens taken in the breeding season and actual nesting records are from Wallace, Hamilton, Kearny, Finney, Morton, and Comanche counties; the A. O. U. Check-list (1957) cites Hays, Ellis County, as a breeding locality, but it is doubtful that the species now occurs there. _Breeding schedule._--Eggs are laid in May and June.

_Number of eggs._--Clutch-size is about 4 eggs.

Nests are placed on the ground, at bases of small bushes.

TABLE 20.--OCCURRENCE IN TIME OF SUMMER RESIDENT AMERICAN
BUNTINGS IN KANSAS

=Chipping Sparrow=: _Spizella passerina passerina_ (Bechstein).--This is an uncommon summer resident in open woodland, second-growth, and edge. _S. p. passerina_ is found east of stations in Barber and Shawnee counties; Chipping Sparrows are not known to breed farther to the west, but records for north-central Kansas are likely to be found. The subspecific affinities of our Chipping Sparrows are entirely with the nominate subspecies, and there is no basis for earlier reports (Long, 1940; Tordoff, 1956; Johnston, 1960) that _S. p. arizonae_ Coues (= _S. p. boreophila_ Oberholser) occurs in Kansas.

_Breeding schedule._--Nine records of breeding fall in the period May 1 to May 10, in no way indicating the whole span of the breeding season; the species probably lays eggs in May and July, as well as in June.

_Number of eggs._--Clutch-size is 4 eggs.

Nests are placed four to 40 feet high in evergreens of a variety of kinds.

=Field Sparrow=: _Spizella pusilla_ (Wilson).--This species is a common summer resident in grassland and edge habitats. _S. p. pusilla_ (Wilson) breeds in eastern Kansas chiefly east of the Flint Hills; _S. p. arenacea_ Chadbourne breeds in central and western Kansas, intergrading easterly with _S. p. pusilla_.

_Breeding schedule._--Twenty-nine records of breeding span the period April 21 to September 10 (Fig. 9); the modal date for first clutches is May 5.

_Number of eggs._--Clutch-size is 4 eggs (4.1, 3-5; 21).

Nests are placed about 10 inches high (ranging from ground level to three feet) in or among coralberry, osage orange, elm, oak, rose, and, once, peony.

=Chestnut-collared Longspur=: _Calcarius ornatus_ (Townsend).--This was formerly a summer resident in western Kansas, in short-grass habitat. The only known nesting area was in the vicinity of Ft. Hays, Ellis County. The species is to be looked for in prairie with short grass type of vegetation.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Many persons have contributed field observations such as dates of arrival and departure for migrants, and the various activities of the breeding cycle for most of the species here discussed. An alphabetic listing of their names follows.

Galen Abbot, Ruth Abbot, Ted Anderson, Ted F. Andrews, Jon Barlow, Amelia Betts, Grace Thompson Bigelow, L. C. Binford, Bessie Boso, William J. Brecheisen, J. Walker Butin, L. B. Carson, Mrs. Eunice Dingus, Charles S. Edwards, A. S. Gaunt, Sue Griffith, Mrs. Mary F. Hall, J. W. Hardy, Stanley Hunter, Katherine Kelley, E. E. Klaas, W. C. Kerfoot, John A. Knouse, Eugene Lewis, Eulalia Lewis, John Lenz, Nathan H. McDonald, Marno McKaughan, Merrill McHenry, Robert M. Mengel, Robert Merz, Jim Myers, Mary Louise Myers, Mrs. Kathryn Nelson, T. W. Nelson, Steven Norris, Dan Michener, P. W. Ogilvie, Gary C. Packard, Mrs. Marion J. Mengel, Dwight Platt, William Reynolds, Frank Robl, S. D. Roth, Jr., Nancy Saunders, Richard H. Schmidt, Marvin D. Schwilling, T. M. Sperry, Steve Stephens, Max Thompson, Fr. Matthew Turk, Emil Urban, J. W. Wallace, H. E. Warfel, A. W. Wiens, Mrs. Joyce Wildenthal, George Young, and Richard Zenger.

LITERATURE CITED

ALDOUS, S. E.

1942. The white-necked raven in relation to agriculture. U. S.
Fish and Wildlife Serv., Research Rep. 5:1-56.

AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION, CHECK-LIST COMMITTEE

1957. Check-list of North American Birds (Lord Baltimore Press,
Baltimore), xiii + 691 Pp.

BAKER, J. R.

1938. The relation between latitude and breeding season in birds.
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 108 (A):557-582.

BROWN, F. A., JR.

1960. Response to pervasive geophysical factors and the
biological clock problem. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant.
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COCKRUM, E. L., JR.

1952. Mammals of Kansas. Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
7:1-303.

DAVIE, O.

1898. Nests and eggs of North American birds (David McKay,
Philadelphia). (vi) + 509 Pp.

DAVIS, T. A. W.

1953. An outline of the ecology and breeding seasons of birds of
the lowland forest region of British Guiana.
Ibis, 95:450-467.

FITCH, H. S.

1958. Home ranges, territories, and seasonal movements of
vertebrates of the Natural History Reservation. Univ.
Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 11:63-326.

GOODRICH, A. L., JR.

1946. Birds in Kansas. Rept. Kansas State Brd. Agric, 44(267):
1-340.

GOSS, N. S.

1891. History of the birds of Kansas (G. W. Crane Co., Topeka).
692 Pp.

GRABER, R., AND GRABER, J.

1951. Notes on the birds of southwestern Kansas. Trans. Kansas
Acad. Sci., 54:145-174.

HARDY, J. W.

1961. Purple martins nesting in city buildings. Wilson Bull.,
73:281.

HOPKINS, A. D.

1938. Bioclimatics, ... U. S. Dept. Agric., Misc. Publ.
280:iv + 188 Pp.

JOHNSTON, R. F.

1954. Variation in breeding season and clutch-size in song
sparrows of the Pacific coast. Condor, 56:268-273.

1956. Population structure in salt marsh song sparrows,
I. Condor, 58:24-44.

1960. Directory to the bird-life of Kansas. Univ. Kansas Publ.
Mus. Nat. Hist., Misc. Publ. 23:1-69.

LACK, D.

1947. The significance of clutch-size, I, II. Ibis, 89:302-352.

LONG, W. S.

1940. Check-list of Kansas birds. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci.,
43:433-456.

LEHRMAN, D. S.

1958. Induction of broodiness by participation in courtship and
nestbuilding in the ring dove (_Streptopelia risoria_).
Jour. Comp. Physiol. Psychol., 51:32-36.

LEHRMAN, D. S., BRODY, P. N., and WORTIS, R. P.

1961. The presence of the mate and of nesting material as stimuli
for the development of incubation behavior and for
gonadotropin in the ring dove (_Streptopelia risoria_).
Endocrinol., 68:507-516.

LINSDALE, J. M.

1926. The magpie nesting in Kansas. Condor, 28:179-180.

1928. Birds of a limited area in eastern Kansas. Univ. Kansas
Sci. Bull., 18:517-626.

1937. The natural history of magpies. Pac. Coast Avif.,
25:1-234.

MARSHALL, A. J., and DISNEY, H. J. de S.

1957. Experimental induction of the breeding season in a
xerophilous bird. Nature, 177:143-144.

MAYR, E.

1946. History of the North American bird fauna. Wilson Bull.,
38:3-41.

MCCABE, T. T., and MCCABE, E. B.

1933. Notes on the anatomy and breeding habits of crossbills.
Condor, 35:136-147.

MILLER, A. H.

1955_a_. The expression of innate reproductive rhythm under
conditions of winter lighting. Auk, 72:260-264.

1955_b_. Breeding cycles in a constant equatorial environment in
Columbia, South America. Proc. XI Congr. Internat.
Ornithol., Basel, 1954: 495-503.

1960. Adaptation of breeding schedule to latitude. Proc. XII
Congr. Internat. Ornithol., Helsinki, 1958:513-522.

MOREAU, R. E.

1950. The breeding seasons of African birds, I. Land birds.
Ibis, 92:223-267.

NICE, M. M.

1937. Studies in the life history of the song sparrow, I. Trans.
Linnean Soc. New York, 4:1-247.

NOSSAMAN, L. O.

1952. [Photograph] _in_ "Kansas Fish and Game," 9(3):7.

PARMELEE, D.

1961. A nesting colony of black terns in Kansas. Bull. Kansas
Ornith. Soc., 12:25-27.

PAYNTER, R. A., JR.

1954. Interrelations between clutch-size, brood-size, prefledging
survival and weight in Kent Island tree swallows,
I. Bird-Banding, 25:35-58.

SCHMIDT-KOENIG, K.

1960. The sun azimuth compass: one factor in the orientation of
homing pigeons. Science, 131:826-828.

SNOW, D. W.

1955. The breeding of blackbird, song thrush, and mistle thrush
in Great Britain. I. Clutch-size. Bird Study, 2:72-84.

TORDOFF, H. B.

1956. Check-list of the birds of Kansas. Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus.
Nat. Hist, 8:307-359.

UDVARDY, M. D. F.

1958. Ecological and distributional analysis of North American
birds. Condor, 60:50-66.

WELTER, W. A.

1935. The natural history of the long-billed marsh wren. Wilson
Bull., 97:1-34.

WIENER, N.

1958. Nonlinear problems in random theory. (Technology Press,
Cambridge, England.)

WILLIAMSON, F. S. L.

1956. The molt and testis cycle of the Anna hummingbird.
Condor, 58:342-366.

WOLFE, L. R.

1961. The breeding birds of Decatur County, Kansas: 1908-1915.
Bull. Kansas Ornith. Soc., 12:27-30.

ZUVANICH, J. R.

1963. Forster terns breeding in Kansas. Bull. Kansas Ornith.
Soc., 14:1-3.

_Transmitted November 21, 1963._

UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS

MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

Institutional libraries interested in publications exchange may obtain this series by addressing the Exchange Librarian, University of Kansas Library, Lawrence, Kansas. Copies for individuals, persons working in a particular field of study, may be obtained by addressing instead the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. There is no provision for sale of this series by the University Library, which meets institutional requests, or by the Museum of Natural History, which meets the requests of individuals. Nevertheless, when individuals request copies from the Museum, 25 cents should be included, for each separate number that is 100 pages or more in length, for the purpose of defraying the costs of wrapping and mailing.

* An asterisk designates those numbers of which the Museum's supply (not the Library's supply) is exhausted. Numbers published to date, in this series, are as follows:

Vol. 1. Nos. 1-26 and index. Pp. 1-638, 1946-1950.

*Vol. 2. (Complete) Mammals of Washington. By Walter W. Dalquest.
Pp. 1-444, 140 figures in text. April 9, 1948.

Vol. 3. Nos. 1-4 and index. Pp. 1-681. 1951.

*Vol. 4. (Complete) American weasels. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 1-466,
41 plates, 31 figures in text. December 27, 1951.

Vol. 5. Nos. 1-37 and index. Pp. 1-676, 1951-1953.

*Vol. 6. (Complete) Mammals of Utah, _taxonomy and distribution_. By
Stephen D. Durrant. Pp. 1-549, 91 figures in text, 30 tables.
August 10, 1952.

Vol. 7. Nos. 1-15 and index. Pp. 1-651, 1952-1955.

Vol. 8. Nos. 1-10 and index. Pp. 1-675, 1954-1956.

Vol. 9. *1. Speciation of the wandering shrew. By James S. Findley.
Pp. 1-68, 18 figures in text. December 10, 1955.

2. Additional records and extension of ranges of mammals
from Utah. By Stephen D. Durrant, M. Raymond Lee, and
Richard M. Hansen. Pp. 69-80. December 10, 1955.

3. A new long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis) from northeastern
Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker and Howard J. Stains.
Pp. 81-84. December 10, 1955.

4. Subspeciation in the meadow mouse, Microtus pennsylvanicus,
in Wyoming. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 85-104, 2 figures in
text. May 10, 1956.

5. The condylarth genus Ellipsodon. By Robert W. Wilson.
Pp. 105-116, 6 figures in text. May 19, 1956.

6. Additional remains of the multituberculate genus
Eucosmodon. By Robert W. Wilson. Pp. 117-123, 10 figures
in text. May 19, 1956.

7. Mammals of Coahuila, Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker.
Pp. 125-335, 75 figures in text. June 15, 1956.

8. Comments on the taxonomic status of Apodemus peninsulae,
with description of a new subspecies from North China.
By J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 337-346, 1 figure in text,
1 table. August 15, 1956.

9. Extensions of known ranges of Mexican bats. By Sydney
Anderson. Pp. 347-351. August 15, 1956.

10. A new bat (Genus Leptonycteris) from Coahuila. By Howard
J. Stains. Pp. 353-356. January 21, 1957.

11. A new species of pocket gopher (Genus Pappogeomys) from
Jalisco, Mexico. By Robert J. Russell. Pp. 357-361.
January 21, 1957.

12. Geographic variation in the pocket gopher, Thomomys
bottae, in Colorado. By Phillip M. Youngman. Pp. 363-387,
7 figures in text. February 21, 1958.

13. New bog lemming (genus Synaptomys) from Nebraska. By J.
Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 385-388. May 12, 1958.

14. Pleistocene bats from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon,
Mexico. By J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 389-396. December 19,
1958.

15. New subspecies of the rodent Baiomys from Central America.
By Robert L. Packard. Pp. 397-404. December 19, 1958.

16. Mammals of the Grand Mesa, Colorado. By Sydney Anderson.
Pp. 405-414, 1 figure in text. May 20, 1959.

17. Distribution, variation, and relationships of the montane
vole, Microtus montanus. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 415-511,
12 figures in text, 2 tables. August 1, 1959.

18. Conspecificity of two pocket mice, Perognathus goldmani
and P. artus. By E. Raymond Hall and Marilyn Bailey
Ogilvie. Pp. 513-518, 1 map. January 14, 1960.

19. Records of harvest mice, Reithrodontomys, from Central
America, with description of a new subspecies from
Nicaragua. By Sydney Anderson and J. Knox Jones, Jr.
Pp. 519-529. January 14, 1960.

20. Small carnivores from San Josecito Cave (Pleistocene),
Nuevo Leon, Mexico. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 531-538,
1 figure in text. January 14, 1960.

21. Pleistocene pocket gophers from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo
Leon, Mexico. By Robert J. Russell. Pp. 539-548, 1 figure
in text. January 14, 1960.

22. Review of the insectivores of Korea. By J. Knox Jones,
Jr., and David H. Johnson. Pp. 549-578. February 23, 1960.

23. Speciation and evolution of the pygmy mice, genus Baiomys.
By Robert L. Packard. Pp. 579-670, 4 plates, 12 figures
in text. June 16, 1960.

Index. Pp. 671-690.

Vol. 10. 1. Studies of birds killed in nocturnal migration. By
Harrison B. Tordoff and Robert M. Mengel. Pp. 1-44,
6 figures in text, 2 tables. September 12, 1956.

2. Comparative breeding behavior of Ammospiza caudacuta and
A. maritima. By Glen E. Woolfenden. Pp. 45-75, 6 plates,
1 figure. December 20, 1956.

3. The forest habitat of the University of Kansas Natural
History Reservation. By Henry S. Fitch and Ronald R.
McGregor. Pp. 77-127, 2 plates, 7 figures in text,
4 tables. December 31, 1956.

4. Aspects of reproduction and development in the prairie
vole (Microtus ochrogaster). By Henry S. Fitch.
Pp. 129-161, 8 figures in text, 4 tables.
December 19, 1957.

5. Birds found on the Arctic slope of northern Alaska. By
James W. Bee. Pp. 163-211, plates 9-10, 1 figure in text.
March 12, 1958.

*6. The wood rats of Colorado: distribution and ecology. By
Robert B. Finley, Jr. Pp. 213-552, 34 plates, 8 figures
in text, 35 tables. November 7, 1958.

7. Home ranges and movements of the eastern cottontail in
Kansas. By Donald W. Janes. Pp. 553-572, 4 plates,
3 figures in text. May 4, 1959.

8. Natural history of the salamander, Aneides hardyi. By
Richard F. Johnston and Gerhard A. Schad. Pp. 573-585.
October 8, 1959.

9. A new subspecies of lizard, Cnemidophorus sacki, from
Michoacan, Mexico. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 587-598,
2 figures in text. May 2, 1960.

10. A taxonomic study of the middle American snake, Pituophis
deppei. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 599-610, 1 plate,
1 figure in text. May 2, 1960.

Index. Pp. 611-626.

Vol. 11. Nos. 1-10 and index. Pp. 1-703, 1958-1960.

Vol. 12. 1. Functional morphology of three bats: Eumops, Myotis,
Macrotus. By Terry A. Vaughan. Pp. 1-153, 4 plates,
24 figures in text. July 8, 1959.

*2. The ancestry of modern Amphibia: a review of the evidence.
By Theodore H. Eaton, Jr. Pp. 155-180, 10 figures in text.
July 10, 1959.

3. The baculum in microtine rodents. By Sydney Anderson.
Pp. 181-216, 49 figures in text. February 19, 1960.

*4. A new order of fishlike Amphibia from the Pennsylvanian
of Kansas. By Theodore H. Eaton, Jr., and Peggy Lou
Stewart. Pp. 217-240, 12 figures in text. May 2, 1960.

5. Natural history of the bell vireo. By Jon C. Barlow.
Pp. 241-296, 6 figures in text. March 7, 1962.

6. Two new pelycosaurs from the lower Permian of Oklahoma.
By Richard C. Fox. Pp. 297-307, 6 figures in text.
May 21, 1962.

7. Vertebrates from the barrier island of Tamaulipas, Mexico.
By Robert K. Selander, Richard F. Johnston, B. J. Wilks,
and Gerald G. Raun. Pp. 309-345, pls. 5-8. June 18, 1962.

8. Teeth of Edestid sharks. By Theodore H. Eaton, Jr.
Pp. 347-362, 10 figures in text. October 1, 1962.

9. Variation in the muscles and nerves of the leg in two
genera of grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes). By E.
Bruce Holmes. Pp. 363-474, 20 figures. October 25, 1962.

10. A new genus of Pennsylvanian Fish (Crossopterygii,
Coelacanthiformes) from Kansas. By Joan Echols.
Pp. 475-501, 7 figures. October 25, 1963.

11. Observations on the Mississippi Kite in southwestern
Kansas. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 503-519. October 25, 1963.

12. Jaw musculature of the Mourning and White-winged doves.
By Robert L. Merz. Pp. 521-551, 22 figures.
October 25, 1963.

13. Thoracic and coracoid arteries in two families of birds,
Columbidae and Hirundinidae. By Marion Anne Jenkinson.
Pp. 553-573, 7 figures. March 2, 1964.

14. The breeding birds of Kansas. By Richard F. Johnston.
Pp. 575-655, 10 figures. May 18, 1964.

Index to come.

Vol. 13. 1. Five natural hybrid combinations in minnows (Cyprinidae).
By Frank B. Cross and W. L. Minckley. Pp. 1-18.
June 1, 1960.

2. A distributional study of the amphibians of the Isthmus
of Tehuantepec, Mexico. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 19-72,
pls. 1-8, 3 figures in text. August 16, 1960.

3. A new subspecies of the slider turtle (Pseudemys scripta)
from Coahuila, Mexico. By John M. Legler. Pp. 73-84,
pls. 9-12, 3 figures in text. August 16, 1960.

4. Autecology of the copperhead. By Henry S. Fitch.
Pp. 85-288, pls. 13-20, 26 figures in text.
November 30, 1960.

5. Occurrence of the garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis, in
the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains. By Henry S. Fitch
and T. Paul Maslin. Pp. 289-308, 4 figures in text.
February 10, 1961.

6. Fishes of the Wakarusa river in Kansas. By James E. Deacon
and Artie L. Metcalf. Pp. 309-322, 1 figure in text.
February 10, 1961.

7. Geographic variation in the North American cyprinid fish,
Hybopsis gracilis. By Leonard J. Olund and Frank B. Cross.
Pp. 323-348, pls. 21-24, 2 figures in text.
February 10, 1961.

8. Descriptions of two species of frogs, genus Ptychohyla;
studies of American hylid frogs, V. By William E. Duellman.
Pp. 349-357, pl. 25, 2 figures in text. April 27, 1961.

9. Fish populations, following a drought, in the Neosho and
Marais des Cygnes rivers of Kansas. By James Everett
Deacon. Pp. 359-427, pls. 26-30, 3 figures.
August 11, 1961.

10. Recent soft-shelled turtles of North America (family
Trionychidae). By Robert G. Webb. Pp. 429-611, pls. 31-54,
24 figures in text. February 16, 1962.

Index. Pp. 613-624.

Vol. 14. 1. Neotropical bats from western Mexico. By Sydney Anderson.
Pp. 1-8. October 24, 1960.

2. Geographic variation in the harvest mouse. Reithrodontomys
megalotis, on the central Great Plains and in adjacent
regions. By J. Knox Jones, Jr., and B. Mursaloglu.
Pp. 9-27, 1 figure in text. July 24, 1961.

3. Mammals of Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado. By Sydney
Anderson. Pp. 29-67, pls. 1 and 2, 3 figures in text.
July 24, 1961.

4. A new subspecies of the black myotis (bat) from eastern
Mexico. By E. Raymond Hall and Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 69-72,
1 figure in text. December 29, 1961.

5. North American yellow bats, "Dasypterus," and a list of
the named kinds of the genus Lasiurus Gray. By E. Raymond
Hall and J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 73-98, 4 figures in text.
December 29, 1961.

6. Natural history of the brush mouse (Peromyscus boylii)
in Kansas with description of a new subspecies. By Charles
A. Long. Pp. 99-111, 1 figure in text. December 29, 1961.

7. Taxonomic status of some mice of the Peromyscus boylii
group in eastern Mexico, with description of a new
subspecies. By Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 113-120, 1 figure in
text. December 29, 1961.

8. A new subspecies of ground squirrel (Spermophilus
spilosoma) from Tamaulipas, Mexico. By Ticul Alvarez.
Pp. 121-124. March 7, 1962.

9. Taxonomic status of the free-tailed bat, Tadarida
yucatanica Miller. By J. Knox Jones, Jr., and Ticul
Alvarez. Pp. 125-133, 1 figure in text. March 7, 1962.

10. A new doglike carnivore, genus Cynaretus, from the
Clarendonian Pliocene, of Texas. By E. Raymond Hall and
Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 135-138, 2 figures in text.
April 30, 1962.

11. A new subspecies of wood rat (Neotoma) from northeastern
Mexico. By Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 139-143. April 30, 1962.

12. Noteworthy mammals from Sinaloa, Mexico. By J. Knox Jones,
Jr., Ticul Alvarez, and M. Raymond Lee. Pp. 145-159,
1 figure in text. May 18, 1962.

13. A new bat (Myotis) from Mexico. By E. Raymond Hall.
Pp. 161-164, 1 figure in text. May 21, 1962.

14. The mammals of Veracruz. By E. Raymond Hall and Walter W.
Dalquest. Pp. 165-362, 2 figures. May 20, 1963.

15. The recent mammals of Tamaulipas, Mexico. By Ticul
Alvarez. Pp. 363-473, 5 figures in text. May 20, 1963.

16. A new subspecies of the fruit-eating bat, Sturnira
ludovici, from western Mexico. By J. Knox Jones, Jr. and
Gary L. Phillips. Pp. 475-481, March 2, 1964.

17. Records of the fossil mammal Sinclairella, Family
Apatemyidae, from the Chadronian and Orellan. By William
C. Clemens. Pp. 483-491. March 2, 1964.

More numbers will appear in volume 14.

Vol. 15. 1. The amphibians and reptiles of Michoacan, Mexico. By
William E. Duellman. Pp. 1-148, pls. 1-6, 11 figures in
text. December 20, 1961.

2. Some reptiles and amphibians from Korea. By Robert G.
Webb, J. Knox Jones, Jr., and George W. Byers.
Pp. 149-173. January 31, 1962.

3. A new species of frog (Genus Tomodactylus) from western
Mexico. By Robert G. Webb. Pp. 175-181, 1 figure in text.
March 7, 1962.

4. Type specimens of amphibians and reptiles in the Museum
of Natural History, the University of Kansas. By William
E. Duellman and Barbara Berg. Pp. 183-204.
October 26, 1962.

5. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Rainforests of Southern
El Peten, Guatemala. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 205-249,
pls. 7-10, 6 figures in text. October 4, 1963.

6. A revision of snakes of the genus Conophis (Family
Colubridae, from Middle America). By John Wellman.
Pp. 251-295, 9 figures in text. October 4, 1963.

7. A review of the Middle American tree frogs of the genus
Ptychohyla. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 297-349,
pls. 11-18, 7 figures in text. October 18, 1963.

8. Natural history of the racer Coluber constrictor. By
Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 351-468, pls. 19-22, 20 figures in
text. December 30, 1963.

9. A review of the frogs of the Hyla bistincta group. By
William E. Duellman. Pp. 469-491, 4 figures in text.
March 2, 1964.

More numbers will appear in volume 15.

TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES

With the exception of six typographical errors that were corrected,
converting the 6 occurrences of "pp." to "Pp." to match the 95 in
the Publication listing and moving the list of Publications to the
end of the document, the original text and illustrations are
presented as they appeared in the printed version. Although it is
common practice to convert text that appears in small caps in the
original into all caps in the text version, it was decided that it
looked better not to convert all of the text. For example, the Table
titles.

Emphasis Notation

_Text_ - Italic
=Text= - Bold

Typographical Corrections

Page Correction
==== ===========================
585: Myiarchis => Myiarchus
590: insectivorus => insectivorous
611: Vieillot was incorrectly italicized.
619: Oberholser was incorrectly italicized.
624: trailii => traillii
642: in => is

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The Breeding Birds of KansasChapter IV: Part 4

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