Chapter XI: Conclusion (2)

Magyarorozag, 95, 96.

Maikop, 67.

Malta, 35, 44, 48, 52, 54, 60, 78.

Mannersdorf, 95.

Marathon bull, 106.

Marius, 165.

Marruvium, 151.

Marsi, 148, 149.

Marx, Karl, 62.

mastaba, 48, 54, 59.

Mauer sand-pit, 19.

Mawddach, 46.

Max-Müller, Prof. F., 133, 134, 138.

McDougall, W., 155.

Meare, 166.

Mecklenburg, 94.

Mediterranean coast, 22, 51.

Mediterranean race, 28, 29, 33, 56, 69, 84, 108-110, 112, 113, 135, 136, 154-156.

Mediterranean regions, 35, 42, 59, 85, 99, 107.

Mediterranean sea, 25, 35, 41, 42, 45, 60, 83, 108, 127.

megalithic monuments, 48-52, 54, 56, 59, 60, 77, 78.

Melanesian society, 176.

Melos, 34, 40.

Menelaus, 112.

Mentone, 23, 25.

Merneptah, 114.

Mernere, 39.

Mersey, 46.

Meryey, 114.

Mesopotamia, 38, 59, 60, 73, 74, 85, 127, 142, 158, 171, 172.

metal, discovery of, 36.

Meuse, 130, 165.

Meyer, Dr. E., 171.

Midas, 158.

Midi, 165.

Midland plain, 47, 161, 167.

Mihovo, 95.

Milpa culture, 72.

Minns, E., 72, 76.

Minoan age, 109, 111.

Minoan culture, 100, 161.

Minoan period, early, 65, 108.

Minoan period, middle, 73, 108, 109.

Minoan period, late, 108, 109, 114, 174.

Minos, 174.

Minutsinsk, 127.

Mitanni, 75, 158.

Mochlos, 108.

Moguer, 55.

Monaco, Prince of, 23.

Mongoloid race, 32, 33, 68, 126, 160.

Mongols, 163.

Monteracello, 44.

Morava, 121, 159.

Moravia, 119.

Moravian gate, 64, 120, 127, 129, 158, 161.

Moray Frith, 79.

Morbihan, bay of, 43, 51, 165, 166.

Morgan, J. de, 58.

Morimarusam, 165.

Morocco, 25.

Moscow, 156.

Moselle, 130, 165.

Moslems, 37.

Mosso, A., 65.

Motril, 55.

mountain zone, 63, 64, 66, 77, 81, 82, 88, 98, 102, 117, 125-128, 130, 131, 145, 146, 152, 159, 161, 162, 164, 169.

Mugem, 24, 25, 30.

Muliana, 96.

Mullerup, 31, 32.

Munkacs, 95.

Mur, 122.

Mycenæ, 96, 116.

Mycenean culture, 100, 129, 161.

Myres, Prof. J. L., 68.

Nagy-sap, 63.

Naples, 58, 124.

Narbonne, 51, 55.

Naue, Dr. J., 86, 93.

Neanderthal man, 20-22.

Neleids, 174.

Neleus, 109.

Neo-Celtic tongues, 29.

neolithic age, 33-35, 52, 63, 102, 125, 136, 140-142, 155, 171, 172.

Nera, 151.

Nestor, 106.

Neuchâtel, 62.

Newberry, Percy, 54.

Newbury, 45, 65.

Newquay, 55.

Nile valley, 22, 40, 48.

Nordic race, 57, 63, 64, 66, 70, 76-78, 81, 82, 85, 88, 106, 107, 109, 111-114, 125-128, 134-137, 140, 147, 153-156, 164.

Nordman, C. A., 32.

Normandy, 134.

Normandy, Duke of, 107.

Normans, 107.

Norsemen, 107.

North sea, 97.

Noutonic, 119.

Nubia, 39.

Oannes, 60.

Oban, 32.

Obercassel skulls, 25.

Obermaier, H., 20.

Obi, 72, 157.

obsidian, 34, 35, 40, 41.

Odessa, 64.

Odin, 160.

Ofnet, 24, 30, 61, 67.

Old England, 101, 130.

Old World, 85.

Ombri, 163.

Ombrice, 122.

Orchomenos, 96.

Orestes, 175.

Oreszka, 97.

Orezi, 93.

Oronsay, 32.

Orsi, P., 54.

Orviedo, 55.

Orvieto, 95.

Osco-Umbrian language, 148, 152.

Osiris, 38.

Ossetes, 161.

Oxus, 137.

P-peoples, 16.

Pæonia, 62, 160.

palæolithic period, lower, 19, 170.

ditto middle, 20, 170.
ditto upper, 25, 28, 33, 69, 141, 170.

Palatine hill, 122, 151, 163, 164.

Palatium, 151, 163.

Palestine, 59, 71.

Pallantids, 106.

Palmanova, 92.

Paphlagonia, 118.

Paris, 30, 99.

Parret, 167.

Patesi, 58.

Pausanias, 173.

_pax Romana_, 169.

Peak district, 46.

Peet, Prof. E., 114, 128.

Peisker, T., 72.

Peleus, 106.

Pelopids, 112, 175.

Peloponnese, 105, 175.

Pelops, 112.

Pembrokeshire, 55.

Pencaer, 55.

Penck, A., 171.

Penka, K., 131, 136, 137, 153.

Pen-maen-mawr, 35.

Pentheus, 175.

Periphates, 106.

Perry, 45.

Perry, W., 49, 50, 52.

Perseus, 106, 175.

Persia, 39, 141.

Persian gulf, 42, 59, 60, 109.

Persians, 133.

Petrie, Prof. W. M. F., _see_ Flinders Petrie.

Petronell, 94.

Pewsey, vale of, 164.

Phœnicia, 174.

Phœnicians, 52.

Phœnix, 174.

Phrygia, 73, 112.

Phrygian language, 147, 160.

Phrygians, 113, 115, 129, 147, 158.

Pictish language, 17.

Piètrement, C. A., 138.

Pillars of Hercules, 43.

Piltdown skull, 17, 20.

Plynlimmon, 28.

Plattensee, 95, 97; _see_ Lake Balaton.

Pliny, 162.

Po, 122, 131, 148, 163.

Podhering, 95, 96.

Podolia, 97, 100, 120, 129, 161.

Poland, 31, 64.

Poltava, 64.

Polydorus, 175.

Polynesia, 49.

Polymela, 106.

Polypoites, 106.

Pomerania, 93.

Pompeii, 58, 131, 164.

Pontus, 118.

Portugal, 25, 33, 53.

Poseidon, 106, 174.

Posidonius, 162.

Pott, F. A., 137.

Povegliano, 98.

Predil Pass, 122, 128, 131, 163.

Priam, 105.

Pripet marshes, 64.

prognathism, 23.

prognathism, alveolar, 24, 25, 28.

Prospector language, 60.

Prospectors, 56-60, 79, 108-111, 114, 131, 176.

Proto-Solutrean stations, 26.

Prussia, 93, 120.

Pumpelly, Raphael, 39, 71-73.

Punjab, 137, 158.

Pylos, 109, 174.

Pyrenees, 15, 17, 25, 27, 28, 69, 78.

Q-peoples, 16.

race-making period, 155.

Rastall, R. H., 37.

Reading, 99, 130.

Reatæ, 151, 160, 163.

Reche, Dr. O., 78.

red ochre, 23, 67, 69, 74, 140.

Regulini-Galassi tomb, 57.

Rhadamanthus, 174.

Rhine, 15, 17, 63, 64, 76, 79, 97, 119, 126, 127, 129, 161, 165, 166.

Rhodesia, 21, 22.

Rhone, 83, 99, 127, 152, 164, 165.

Rhys, Sir John, 144-147, 152, 153, 162, 165.

Richmond, 164.

Ridgeway, Sir W., 104-106, 112, 113, 147, 162, 174.

Rima-Szombat, 95, 96.

Ripley, W. Z., 55, 62.

Ripuarian Franks, 176.

Rivers, Dr. W. H. R., 176.

Riviera, the, 24.

Robenhausen, 63.

Rollo, 107.

Rome, 82, 95, 122, 131, 150, 151, 163.

Roman culture, 15.

Roman Empire, 107.

Romans, 40, 168.

Rose, Prof. H. J., 173.

Rostovtzeff, M. M., 67, 119, 162.

Rostro-carinate implements, 19.

Roumania, 64.

Roumanian plain, 64.

Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, 132.

Ruggeri, Prof. V. Giuffrida, 28.

rudernadln, 119.

Russia, 26, 31, 62, 64, 69, 72, 76, 81, 97, 107, 120, 126, 139, 140, 142, 153-155, 158, 159, 164.

Russo-Turkestan steppe, 141.

Sabine language, 149.

Sabine region, 149-151.

Sabines, 163, 164.

Sabini, 149, 151, 152.

Saint Barthelmä, 95.

Saint Brieuc, 55.

Saint Germain-en-Laye, 97, 98.

Saint Kanzian, 95.

Saint Margaret’s Isle, 94.

Sajo-Gömör, 94, 95.

Salerno, 55.

Salic Franks, 176.

Salisbury plain, 51.

Salonika, 62.

Salto, 151.

Salza-Bach, 97.

Sangarius, 73.

Sanskrit language, 132, 133, 137.

Santa Lucia Tolmino, 122, 131.

Santorin, 34, 35.

Saone, 99.

Sarawak, Raja of, 107.

Sardinia, 28, 52, 114.

Sardis, 163.

Sargon of Akkad, 41, 42.

Sarpedon, 174.

Save, 121, 122, 128, 130, 159, 163.

Savoy, 62, 164.

Saxons, 37, 168.

Sayce, Prof. A. H., 41, 42, 158.

Scandinavia, 52, 99, 116, 125, 131.

Scandinavian ice, 171.

Scandinavian legend, 160.

Schatze, 97.

Schleswig-Holstein, 88, 93, 94, 97, 99, 128, 159, 164.

Schliemann, H., 43, 96.

Schrader, Dr. O., 139-141, 153.

Sciron, 106.

Scotland, 15, 17, 28, 30, 32, 46, 79, 98, 144.

Scurgola, 44.

Scythians, 162.

Seine, 99, 125, 130, 131, 147, 152, 154, 164, 168.

Seistan, 59.

Seligman, Dr. C. G., 22.

Selve, 93.

Semele, 175.

Sequana, 152.

Sequani, 152, 164.

Serbia, 64, 163.

Sergi, Dr. G., 68, 155, 156.

Seti II., 96, 114, 115.

Severn, 45, 129, 161.

Shalmaneser, I., 117.

Shawiya, 29.

Shekelesh, 114.

Sherden, 114.

Shrewsbury, 45.

Shropshire, 45.

Siberia, 27, 33, 157.

Sicily, 35, 44, 60, 78, 107, 114.

Siculi, 150.

Siebenburgen, 97.

Sigmaringen, 99, 130, 163.

Sigovesus, 169.

Silesia, 78, 79, 127.

Sinaitic peninsula, 22, 36.

Sinis, 106.

Siret, 43.

Slavs, 122, 123.

Smid, Dr. W., 94.

Sollas, Prof. W. J., 171.

Solutré, 24.

Solutré culture, 27.

Solutré people, 26, 69, 157.

Solutré period, 25, 26, 140, 155.

Somogy, 93.

Souja, 68, 156.

Southampton, 45.

South Lodge Camp, 141.

Spain, 15, 17, 25, 27, 29, 41-44, 54, 60, 62, 77-79, 82, 127.

Sparta, 169.

Spercheus, 160.

Splieth, W., 93, 94.

St. Acheul implements, 19.

Stein, Sir Aurel, 71.

steppes, 64, 67-69, 71-74, 76, 81, 82, 117, 126, 138-142, 153-157, 159, 161, 169.

steppe conditions, 26, 69.

Steppe-folk, 67, 69, 71-77, 79, 82, 83, 88, 101, 106, 119, 120, 126-128, 139-141, 143, 155.

Sterjna, Dr. Knut, 51.

Strabo, 15.

Straits of Bab-el-Mandeb, 22.

Styria, 95, 97, 122, 130.

Sulmona, 95, 149.

Sumer, 58, 59.

Sumerian language, 60.

Sumerians, 58, 59, 108.

Susa, 58, 73.

Sværdborg, 31, 32.

Sweden, 26, 51, 54, 164.

Swedes, 156.

Swiss lake-dwellings, 30, 76, 101, 125, 127, 145, 146, 152.

Switzerland, 30, 62, 64, 83, 98, 119, 126, 141, 164.

Syracuse, 52-54.

Syria, 38, 42, 49, 55, 59.

Szombathy, J., 95.

Tacitus, 136.

Tagus, 30, 53.

Tantalus, 112.

Taranto, 52, 55, 78, 122, 131.

Tarentum, 52, 163.

Tardenoisian culture, 28.

Tatars, 72.

Taurus Mountains, 40.

Tehenu, 114.

Telebœans, 106.

Telephassa, 174.

Tell-el-’Obeid, 39.

Tell Firaun, 96.

Teresh, 114.

Tern, 45.

Terramara-folk, 122, 131, 163.

terramare, 122, 131, 163.

Teutonic languages, 132, 157, 160.

Teutonic tribes, 15.

Teutons, 132, 133, 165.

Thames, 45, 96-99, 129, 130, 164, 167.

Thatcham, 32.

Thebes, 174.

Thersites, 113.

Theseus, 106.

Thessaly, 64, 73, 75, 121, 127, 129, 158, 160.

Thor, 160.

Thrace, 64, 68, 73, 113, 114, 121, 127, 129, 147, 158, 160, 163.

Thracians, 112, 113, 161, 175.

Thraco-Phrygian language, 147, 148, 159.

Thraco-Phrygians, 114, 115.

Tiber, 128, 149, 151, 163.

Tigris, 42, 74.

Tiryns, 97.

tin, 41, 42, 44, 47, 49, 50, 59, 60.

tin-land, 41, 42; _see_ Ku-Ki.

Tobolsk, 68, 75, 157.

Tocharian language, 144.

Tökés, 119.

Tomaschek, Dr. W., 147.

Tommassin, 92.

Transylvania, 40, 65, 82, 121, 129.

Trebizonde, 42.

Trento, 128.

Treviso, 93, 159.

Trieste, 95, 122.

Tripolje culture, 64-66, 72-74, 77, 127, 158.

Tripolje people, 73, 77, 78, 80, 82, 126, 142, 156.

Tripolje region, 73, 75, 79, 127, 139, 157.

Trojan war, 105, 106.

Troy, 111.

Truentus, 160.

Tsountas, 96.

Tuaregs, 29.

Tubino, 62.

Turkestan, 26, 39, 67, 69, 71-73, 127, 142, 154, 158, 159.

Tuscany, 58, 131; _see_ Etruria.

Tyndareus, 175.

Tyrsenians, 114; _see_ Etruscans.

Udine, 92.

Ukraine, 74, 77, 80.

Ulm, 99, 130, 163.

Umbria, 148.

Umbrian dialects, 151, 164.

Umbrians, 163.

Upper sea, 41.

Ur, 39.

Ural Mountains, 138, 142.

Ure, Prof. P. N., 109, 110.

Ur, Nina, 39.

Ust Urt desert, 141, 142.

Utrecht, 79.

Vannes, 156.

Vardar, 121, 129, 160, 163.

Vedic hymns, 137, 158.

Vedic Indians, 133, 137.

Velino, 128, 131, 151, 160.

Veneti, 163, 166.

Veneto, 122, 128, 159.

Venetian language, 159.

Venice, 56, 93.

Verona, 98.

Versecz, 119.

Via Salaria, 128.

Vienna, 92-94, 122.

Vikings, 33, 113, 134.

Villa-nova culture, 57, 123, 131, 147, 152.

Villa-nova people, 57, 58, 131, 149, 162.

Visigoths, 82.

Volga, 68, 126, 154, 159.

Wace, Dr. A. J. B., 105, 107, 147.

Wadi Foakhir, 39.

Wales, 15, 17, 28, 30, 32, 33, 47, 51, 55, 79, 97, 129, 130, 144, 161, 162, 164, 167, 168.

Warrington, 46, 51.

Wash, the, 164.

Wells, H. G., 110.

Welsh language, 29.

Weser, 79, 127.

Wessex, 102, 129, 161, 164.

West Highlands, 17.

Wicklow Hills, 44, 55.

Wilburton, 97, 116.

Wiltshire, 51, 102, 130.

Wimpasting, 95.

Winchester, 45.

Winklarn, 94.

Winwick, 46.

Wiro, Wiros, 133-137, 139-144, 146, 147, 153-159, 161, 165, 168.

Wiro language, 145-147, 153, 164, 167.

Wodnian, 97.

Wollersdorf, 95, 97.

Worcester, 45.

Würm glaciation, 20, 22, 168, 171.

Wurtemberg, 119.

Yenesei River, 75, 127.

Yeshil Irmak, 118.

Yortan, 73.

Zaborowski, M., 76.

Zag-a-zig, 96.

Zavadyntse, 97, 120.

Zealand, 31.

Zemplen, 97.

Zend, 137.

Zeus, 113, 174.

Zimmer, H., 168.

Zuojuica, 97.

PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY HEADLEY BROTHERS,
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PLATES

PLATE I.

AXES FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN AND WEST EUROPE.

1 Cyprus. Pitt-Rivers Museum, Oxford.
1440. Cesnola Collection.
2 Cyprus. Pitt-Rivers Museum, Oxford.
J. W. Flower.
3 Cyprus. Pitt-Rivers Museum, Oxford.
1440. Cesnola Collection.
4 Cyprus; Dati. City Art Gallery, Leeds. John
Holmes Collection.
5 Cyprus; Nicosia. Ashmolean Museum, Oxford.
6 Cyprus. Pitt-Rivers Museum, Oxford.
1440. Cesnola Collection.
7 Greece; Eubœa. British School of Archæology,
Athens. Finlay Collection, 25.
8 Greece; Peloponnesus. British School of Archæology,
Athens. Finlay Collection, 538.
10 Spain; site unknown. Collection of Capt. J. H. Ball.
11 Spain; El Argar. Siret 21. Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. P.R.
200.
12 Malta; Hal-Tarxien. Valetta Museum.
13 Malta; Hal-Tarxien. Valetta Museum.
14 Malta; Hal-Tarxien. Valetta Museum.
15 Spain; El Argar. Siret 276. Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. P.R.
202.
16 Spain; El Argar. Siret 605. Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. P.R.
199.
17 Spain; El Argar. Siret 26. Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. P.R.
201.
18 Spain; El Argar. Siret 816. Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. P.R.
198.
19 England; Arreton Down, Isle of
Wight. Carisbrooke Museum.
20 England; Aldershot, Hants. Collection of Capt. J. H. Ball.
21 England; Battlefield, Shropshire. Shrewsbury Museum.
22 England; Yorkshire. Site unknown. Private Collection.
23 England; Beckhampton, Wilts. Devizes Museum.
24 England; Grappenhall, Cheshire. Warrington Museum.
25 England; Fordham, Cambridgeshire. Museum of Archæology and
Ethnology, Cambridge.
26 England; Banner Down, near Bath. Literary and Scientific
Institute, Bath.
27 England; Fordham, Cambridgeshire. Museum of Archæology and
Ethnology, Cambridge.

PLATE II.

DAGGERS FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN AND WEST EUROPE.

1 Crete. Candia Museum.

2 Crete. Candia Museum.

3 Crete; Gournia. Boyd & Hawes (1912) iv. 51.

4 Malta; Hal-Tarxien. Valetta Museum.

5 Malta; Hal-Tarxien. Valetta Museum.

6 Sicily; Monteracello. Syracuse Museum.
B.P. XXIV., xxii. 7.

8 England; Throwley, Staffordshire. Sheffield Museum. Bateman
Collection. J. 93. 450.

9 Ireland; Shannon, Glastonbury Museum.
Co. Limerick. Braxton Collection 359.

10 England; exact site unknown. Public Library, Brentford.

11 Ireland; site unknown. Private Collection.

12 Ireland; site unknown. Municipal Museum, Plymouth.

13 England; Fairoak, near Hereford Museum.
Hereford.

14 Ireland; site unknown. Museum of the Leeds Literary
and Philosophical Society.

15 England; Isleworth, Middlesex. Guildhall Museum, London.
From the Thames at Sion reach.

16 England; Bottisham lode, Museum of Archæology and
Cambridgeshire. Ethnology, Cambridge.

17 England; Hammersmith, The London Museum.
Middlesex. From the Thames.

PLATE III.

AN ETRUSCAN PROSPECTOR.

From the lid of a coffin in the British Museum.

_By kind permission of the Trustees._

PLATE IV.

FIVE HUNGARIAN DAGGERS.

A Komoron, Hungary. Ownership unknown.
Catalogue (1891) IX. 62.

B Komoron, Hungary. Ownership unknown.
Catalogue (1891) IX. 62.

C Szony, Hungary. Ownership unknown.
Catalogue (1891) IX. 58.

D Kassa, Hungary. Ownership unknown.
Catalogue (1891) IX. 61.

E Transylvania. Ownership unknown.
Catalogue (1891) IX. 60.

PLATE V.

SIX LARGER DAGGERS.

A Austria, Langen Wand. Ownership unknown.
Naue (1903) xix. 2.

B Germany; site unknown. Imperial Museum, Berlin.
Montelius (1900) xxxi. 75. Naue (1903) xix. 3.
Bastian & Voss, xiii. 1.

C Denmark; Island of Lolland. Ownership unknown.
Muller, Ordnugn, &c., xi. 157. Naue (1903) xix. 4.

D Italy; Cascina Ranza, near Milan. Brera Museum, Milan.
Montelius (1895-1904). I.B.,
xxviii. 2.

E Hungary; site unknown. Antiquaries’ Museum, Zurich.
Fehr Collection.
Hampel (1886) xix. 6. Arch. Ertesito, xii. 292.

F Hungary; site unknown. Antiquaries’ Museum, Zurich.
Fehr Collection.
Hampel (1886) lxxxv. 2. Arch. Ertesito, xii. 290.

PLATE VI.

THE SEVEN TYPES OF LEAF-SHAPED SWORDS.

A Hungary, site unknown. Hampel National Museum, Buda-Pest.
(1886) xx. 4. Naue (1903) ix. 3.

B Denmark, Norderhaide in the Isle Museum of National
of Sylt. Handelmann, Ausgrabungen Antiquities, Kiel.
auf Sylt (1873, 1875, 1880), fig.
4. Naue (1903) x. 1.

C Hungary, Buda-Pest. St. National Museum, Buda-Pest.
Margaret’s Isle. Dredged from Hampel (1886), cxcvii. 6.
the Danube.

D Hungary, Hajdu-böszörmény, National Museum, Buda-Pest.
Hajdu Co. Found May, 1883/131.
1858, with sword of Type C.

E Hungary, Magyarorszaz. National Museum, Buda-Pest.

F Switzerland, Morges. Déchelette Lausanne Museum. Album
(1908-14) ii. Fig. 64 (2). Musée Lausanne, xiv. 9.

G Austria, Hallstatt. Grave 299. Natural History Museum,
Sacken (1868) xix. 10. Vienna. 24,609.

PLATE VII.

SWORDS OF TYPE A, FROM HUNGARY.

1 Hungary, site unknown. Hampel National Museum, Buda-Pest.
(1886) xx. 4. Naue (1903) ix. 3.

2 Hungary, site unknown. University Museum of
Archæology and Ethnology,
Cambridge. Foster bequest.

3 Hungary. Dredged from the Ownership unknown.
Danube near Buda-Pest.
Catalogue (1891), viii. 45.

4 Schleswig-Holstein, site unknown. Ownership unknown.
From a tomb. Splieth (1900) i.9b.

5 Italy, Castions di Strada, near Archæological Museum,
Udine. B.P. xxxvii. (1912), 33. Cividale.

6 Italy, near Treviso. Montelius Treviso Museum.
(1895-1904) I.B. 39.

PLATE VIII.

SWORDS OF TYPE C, FROM HUNGARY.

1 Site unknown. Catalogue (1891) Ownership unknown. Naue (1903)
vii. 42. xi. 3.

2 Site unknown. Hampel (1886) National Museum, Buda-Pest.
xx. 7. Naue (1903) viii. 8.

3 Sajo-Gömör. Hampel (1886) National Museum, Buda-Pest.
xv. 3. Naue (1903) viii. 3.

4 Site unknown. Catalogue (1891) Ownership unknown. Naue (1903)
vii. 43. VIII. 6.

5 Buda-Pest, St. Margaret’s Isle. National Museum, Buda-Pest.
Dredged from the Danube.
Hampel (1886) cxcvii. 6.

6 Hajdu-böszörmény, Hajdu Co. National Museum, Buda-Pest.
found in May, 1858, with 1883/131 (6).
three others of Type D.

7 Kis-Koszey (Battina) Baranza Co. Natural History Museum,
Vienna. 37811.

PLATE IX.

SWORDS OF TYPE D, FROM HUNGARY.

1 Site unknown. Catalogue (1891) Ownership unknown. Hampel
viii. 44. Naue (1903) viii. 7. (1886) xx. 8.

2 Rima-Szombat, Gömör Co., found National Museum, Buda-Pest.
with 2 swords Type E. 1867/3.
Hampel (1886) cxiii.

3 Endröd, Békés Co. National Museum, Buda-Pest.
1888/33.

4 Magyarorszaz, with four others. National Museum, Buda-Pest.

5 {Hajdu-böszörmény, Hajdu Co., found} National Museum, Buda-Pest,
6 {in May, 1858, with a sword of } 1883/131.
7 {Type C. }

PLATE X.

SWORDS OF TYPE E, FROM HUNGARY.

1} Podhering, Bereg Co. National Museum, Buda-Pest.
2} Hampel (1886) xc. Arch. Ertesito XIV. xxvi.
3} 229-230.

4 Magyarorszaz. National Museum, Buda-Pest.

5 Site unknown. Catalogue (1891) Ownership unknown. Formerly in
vii. 4. Naue (1903) ix. 2. Pfeffer collection.

6 Hajdú-böszörmény, Hajdu Co. Ownership unknown.
from the Schatze. Naue (1903) ix. 1.
Hampel (1886) xx. 2.

7 Oreszka, Zemplén Co. Hampel Collection of Count Antoine
(1886) xx. 1 and 3. Sztàray.

PLATE XI.

SWORDS OF TYPE G.

1 Austria, Hallstatt. Grave 126. Natural History Museum,
Sacken (1868). Vienna. 24091.

2 Austria, Hallstatt. Grave 299. Natural History Museum,
Sacken (1868). Vienna. 24609.

3 Schleswig-Holstein, Siems near Lübeck Museum. 729.
Lübeck. Splieth (1900) ix.
171.

4 France, Var, Flayosc. Antiquarian Museum, Marseilles.

5 Ireland, site unknown. Wild, National Museum, Dublin.
Cat. Antiq., 319, No. 2.

6 Sweden, Nilsson, Skand Nord.
Ur-inv. i. 7. Lubbock
(1865) fig. 15.

7 Finland, Nyland, Haapa Kylä Helsingfors Museum.
Heath. Crawford (1921) 136.
Vorgeschichtliche (1900)
xxxii. 4.

PLATE XII.

SWORDS FROM GREEK LANDS.

1 Greece: Mycenæ. Schliemann Athens Museum. No. 1017.
(1878) No. 221, p. 144.

2 Greece: Mycenæ. Tsountas, Athens Museum. No. 2539.
E. A. (1891) 25.

3 Greece: Levadeia. Athens Museum. No. 8017.

4 Crete: Muliana. Grave B. Έφ. Άρχ. (1904)
Pl. 11. p. 44.

5 Crete: Muliana. Grave B. Έφ. Άρχ. (1904)
Pl. 11. p. 44.

6 Egypt: Zagazig. Petrie (1917) Berlin Museum. No. 20447.
xxxii. 6. Z.f.Æ.S. L.Taf. v. Peet (1911. 2) 283.
p. 61.

7 Egypt: site unknown. Petrie Berlin Museum. Z.f.Æ.S.
(1917) xxxii. 5. L.Taf. v. p. 61.

8 Egypt: Tell Firaun. Petrie Berlin Museum. No. 20305.
(1917) xxxii. 7. Z.f.Æ.S. L.Taf. v. p. 61.

9 Greece: Tiryns. Athens Museum. No. 6228.

10 Greece: Tiryns. Athens Museum. No. 6228.

11 Cyprus: site unknown. Coll. Professor P. Geddes.

PLATE XIII.

SWORDS FROM ITALY.

1 Ascoli Piceno. Montelius Prehistoric Museum, Rome.
(1895-1904) II. ii. B. 131.

2 Lake Trasimene. Naue (1903) Collection Baron Franz von
vii. 4. Montelius (1895-1904) Lippenheide, at Schloss
II. ii. B. 126. Matzen.

3 At the bridge of Frassineto, on Museum of Arezzo. B.P. XXVI.
the banks of the Chiana. viii. 1.
Montelius (1895-1904) II. ii.
B. 126.

4 Lake Trasimene. Naue (1903) Formerly in the collection of
vii. 3. Montelius (1895-1904) M. Amilcare Ancona, at Milan.
II. ii. B. 126.

5 Lake Trasimene. Naue (1903) Ownership unknown.
vii. 2.

6 Alerona, com. de Ficuile, Province Prehistoric Museum, Rome.
of Orvieto. Montelius B.P. XXVI. viii. 4.
(1895-1904) II. ii. B. 126.

7 Rome. Naue (1903) vii. 5. Collection of M. Amilcare
Ancona, at Milan.

8 Near Lake Fucino. Montelius Prehistoric Museum, Rome.
(1895-1904) II. ii. B. 142. B.P. xii. 261; xxix. 84-86.

9 Near Lake Fucino. Montelius Prehistoric Museum, Rome.
(1895-1904) II. ii. B. 142. B.P. xii. 261; xxix. 84-86.

10 Near Lake Fucino. Montelius Prehistoric Museum, Rome.
(1895-1904) II. ii. B. 142. B.P. xii. 261; xxix. 84-86.

11 Sulmona. Naue (1903) vii. 1. Collection Baron Franz von
Lippenheide, at Schloss
Matzen.

12 Apulia, site unknown. Naue Ownership unknown.
(1903) vii. 6.

PLATE XIV.

SWORDS FROM ENGLAND.

1 Brentford, Middlesex. From the Public Library, Brentford.
bed of the Thames, above the Layton Collection.
G.W.R. dock.

2 Wetheringsett, Suffolk. Arch. Norwich Castle Museum.
Ass. Journ. iii. (1848) 254, Fitch collection, 785,
xv. (1859) pl. xxiii. 4. Evans 76, 94. Catalogue of
Anc. Br. Impl. fig. 345. p. Antiquities, 315.
282.

3 Wilburton, Cambridgeshire. Museum of Archæology and
Found in the peat. Arch. Ethnology, Cambridge. New
xlviii. 106. Cambridge, 17 May, 1919.

4 Amerside Law Farm, Chatton, Alnwick Castle Museum, No.
Northumberland. 228.

5 Brentford, Middlesex. From Public Library, Brentford.
the bed of the Thames, above Layton Collection.
the G.W.R. dock.

6 Richmond, Surrey. From the Public Library, Richmond.
bed of the Thames, at the Lloyd Collection. No. 816.
lock and weir.

7 Newcastle-upon-Tyne. From Black Gate Museum,
the Tyne. Newcastle-upon-Tyne. No. 88.

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 1: Beddoe (1885) 29; Holmes (1907) 434, 437, 440; Macalister (1921) 2. 41-49.]

[Footnote 2: Moir (1921) 390-411; Burkitt (1921) 2. 456, 7; Man xxii. 33.]

[Footnote 3: Macalister (1921) 1. 148-177.]

[Footnote 4: Keith (1915) 1. 228-244; Schötensack (1908).]

[Footnote 5: Keith (1915) 1. 293-452; Dawson, etc. (1913); Boule (1915).]

[Footnote 6: Keith (1915) 1. 178-193; Duckworth (1913); Macalister (1921) 1. 222, where other authorities are cited.]

[Footnote 7: _Nature_, 12th October, 1916.]

[Footnote 8: The question is well discussed by Macalister (1921) 1. 196-204, who gives numerous references.]

[Footnote 9: Osborn (1921) 585, 6.]

[Footnote 10: Obermaier (1906-7).]

[Footnote 11: Burkitt (1921) 1. 95-97; Macalister (1921) 1. 215-218, 255-259, 585-590.]

[Footnote 12: Obermaier (1906-7); Burkitt (1921) 1. 47; Macalister (1921) 1. 584, where other authorities are cited.]

[Footnote 13: _Vid. infr._ p. 6.]

[Footnote 14: Macalister (1921) 1. 285-314, where all authorities are fully cited; Keith (1915) 118.]

[Footnote 15: Macalister (1921) 1. 298-301; who cites Boule (1911-13).]

[Footnote 16: Keith (1915) 1. 122-124, 156.]

[Footnote 17: Keith (1915) 1. 102-136; Macalister (1921) 1. 285-314.]

[Footnote 18: Smith (1922) 464, 465; but a different view is held by Woodward (1922) 579.]

[Footnote 19: Burkitt (1921) 1. 72, 92, 97, 98.]

[Footnote 20: Macalister (1921) 1. 581, who cites Hrdlička.]

[Footnote 21: Macalister (1921) 1. 313; Keith (1915) 1. 135.]

[Footnote 22: Vid. Appendix I.]

[Footnote 23: From Capsa, the old name for Gafra in Tunisia; Morgan, etc. (1910-1).]

[Footnote 24: Macalister (1921) 1. 576-580.]

[Footnote 25: Burkitt (1921) 1. 95, 106.]

[Footnote 26: Seligman (1921).]

[Footnote 27: Seligman (1921) 128.]

[Footnote 28: Macalister (1921) 1. 581.]

[Footnote 29: Fleure (1920).]

[Footnote 30: Testut (1889).]

[Footnote 31: Keith (1915) 1. 62-68.]

[Footnote 32: Keith (1915) 1. 66.]

[Footnote 33: Keith (1915) 1. 65.]

[Footnote 34: Fleure (1920).]

[Footnote 35: Ripley (1900) 39, 173.]

[Footnote 36: Ripley (1900) 39, 40.]

[Footnote 37: Parkyn (1915); Burkitt (1921) 1. 192-272.]

[Footnote 38: Fleure (1920) 19-21.]

[Footnote 39: Corrêa (1919) 121, 122.]

[Footnote 40: Bourguignat (1868) 43, 48, 49, Pl. vii., viii.]

[Footnote 41: Ripley (1900) 165-179.]

[Footnote 42: Thus Burkitt (1921) 1. 42, 127, but Macalister (1921) 1. 373, 376, 582, states that the steppe conditions had passed before the beginning of the Solutrean period.]

[Footnote 43: Burkitt (1921) 1. 130-133.]

[Footnote 44: Burkitt (1921) 1. 132, 135.]

[Footnote 45: Burkitt (1921) 1. 129; Macalister (1921) 1. 434.]

[Footnote 46: Burkitt (1921) 1. 129.]

[Footnote 47: Montelius (1921).]

[Footnote 48: Nordmann (1922).]

[Footnote 49: Burkitt (1921) 1. 232.]

[Footnote 50: Fleure (1920) 21-25.]

[Footnote 51: Burkitt (1921) 1. 43.]

[Footnote 52: Testut (1889); Clark (1920) 288-291.]

[Footnote 53: Sollas (1911) 348-350, where all authorities are cited.]

[Footnote 54: Osborn (1918) 516-518.]

[Footnote 55: Burkitt (1921) 1. 273-285.]

[Footnote 56: Macalister (1921) 1. 525.]

[Footnote 57: Macalister (1921) 1. 537, 538.]

[Footnote 58: Sergi (1901).]

[Footnote 59: Brace (1863) 65, 66; Keane (1908) 360.]

[Footnote 60: Giuffrida-Ruggeri (1921).]

[Footnote 61: Jones, Morris (1900).]

[Footnote 62: Macalister (1921) 1. 541, 542.]

[Footnote 63: Macalister (1921) 1. 542.]

[Footnote 64: Macalister (1921) 1. 542.]

[Footnote 65: Corrêa (1919) 123.]

[Footnote 66: Osborn (1918) 481-485.]

[Footnote 67: Peake (1922) 1. 64, 65.]

[Footnote 68: Osborn (1918), 487, 488.]

[Footnote 69: Johansen (1918-19).]

[Footnote 70: Burkitt (1921) 1. 155.]

[Footnote 71: Burkitt (1921) 1. 156.]

[Footnote 72: Peake (1919).]

[Footnote 73: Nordmann (1922).]

[Footnote 74: Macalister (1921) 1. 533-535.]

[Footnote 75: Burkitt (1921) 1. 108, 155.]

[Footnote 76: Peake & Crawford (1922).]

[Footnote 77: Fleure & James (1916) 114; Beddoe (1885) 8-13.]

[Footnote 78: Bosanquet (1904) 216-233.]

[Footnote 79: Peet (1909) 150; Mosso (1910) 365-367.]

[Footnote 80: Déchelette (1908-14) 1. 355-661 _passim_.]

[Footnote 81: (Warren 1921).]

[Footnote 82: Smith, G. Elliot (1919) 143, 150-153.]

[Footnote 83: Smith, G. Elliot (1919) 221-225.]

[Footnote 84: Smith, G. Elliot (1911) 4.]

[Footnote 85: Macalister (1921) 1. 353.]

[Footnote 86: Mosso (1910) 205-209.]

[Footnote 87: Peake & Hooton (1915) 98, 117.]

[Footnote 88: Lubbock (1865) 201, 202.]

[Footnote 89: Breasted (1912) 28.]

[Footnote 90: Newberry (1920).]

[Footnote 91: Breasted (1912) 597.]

[Footnote 92: Hall (1920).]

[Footnote 93: Gowland (1912) 247; King (1910) 72, 360.]

[Footnote 94: Pumpelly (1908) 1. 32 _et seq._]

[Footnote 95: Breasted (1912) 28.]

[Footnote 96: Breasted (1912) 6, 94.]

[Footnote 97: Breasted (1912) 136.]

[Footnote 98: Breasted (1912) 94.]

[Footnote 99: Sayce (1921).]

[Footnote 100: Gowland (1912), 245, 252.]

[Footnote 101: Peake (1916) 2. 119, 120.]

[Footnote 102: Leeds (1922).]

[Footnote 103: Siret (1908, 1909, 1910).]

[Footnote 104: Hildburgh (1922).]

[Footnote 105: Schliemann (1880) 349, figs. 245, 246.]

[Footnote 106: Peake (1916) 1. 169.]

[Footnote 107: Peake (1916) 2. 119, 120.]

[Footnote 108: Peake (1916) 2. 119, 120.]

[Footnote 109: Peet (1909) 194, quoting B.P. xxiv. 208; 214, 260, fig. 142, quoting B.P. xxii. 305.]

[Footnote 110: Zammit (1917) Pl. xxi. fig. 2.]

[Footnote 111: Crawford (1912) 1. 194, where the literature on the subject is summarised.]

[Footnote 112: Armstrong (1920).]

[Footnote 113: Crawford (1912) 1. 195, 196, with map (fig. 8).]

[Footnote 114: Crawford (1912) 2. 42.]

[Footnote 115: cf. _inter alia_ M.A.N. (1908-9) 5, fig. 1, 11, fig. 5.]

[Footnote 116: Crawford (1912) 1. 186, fig. 2.]

[Footnote 117: Peake (1922) 2.]

[Footnote 118: Clark (1911).]

[Footnote 119: Peake (1911).]

[Footnote 120: Crawford (1912) 1. 196.]

[Footnote 121: Evans (1897) 212.]

[Footnote 122: Crawford (1912) 1. 196.]

[Footnote 123: Peake (1917).]

[Footnote 124: Peake (1922) 2.]

[Footnote 125: Crawford (1912) 1. 197, fig. 9.]

[Footnote 126: Fergusson (1872); Borlase (1897); Peet (1912).]

[Footnote 127: Peet (1912) 98-113; Ashby, etc.; Magri (1906); Zammit (1910).]

[Footnote 128: Peet (1912) 1-4; see also Giuffrida-Ruggeri (1916) 21, who quotes Patroni (1916).]

[Footnote 129: Smith (1913).]

[Footnote 130: Peake (1916) 2. 116, 117.]

[Footnote 131: Perry (1915); Smith (1915).]

[Footnote 132: Perry (1915).]

[Footnote 133: Fergusson (1872) map, p. 533.]

[Footnote 134: Lane-Fox (1869) 66.]

[Footnote 135: Aberg (1916) 22, 23, map ii.]

[Footnote 136: Déchelette (1908-1914) i. 384-386; Mortillet (1901) 32.]

[Footnote 137: Sterjna (1910).]

[Footnote 138: Lane-Fox (1869) 66.]

[Footnote 139: Déchelette (1908-14) ii. map facing p. 512.]

[Footnote 140: Sterjna (1910); Déchelette (1908-1914) i. 393.]

[Footnote 141: Zammit (1917) Pl. xxi. fig. 2.]

[Footnote 142: Joshua v. 2; cf. Exodus iv. 25.]

[Footnote 143: 1 Kings vi. 7.]

[Footnote 144: Leeds (1920) 229.]

[Footnote 145: Leeds (1922).]

[Footnote 146: Zammit (1920) Pl. xxxiv. fig. 3.]

[Footnote 147: Sergi (1901) 284, fig. 78.]

[Footnote 148: Peet (1909) 204, fig. 75; Déchelette (1908-1914) ii. 75.]

[Footnote 149: Peake (1916) 1. 169.]

[Footnote 150: The megalithic structures had passed through several stages before the arrival in Jutland of the single grave people, or beaker-folk. cf. Sterjna (1910).]

[Footnote 151: Smith (1913).]

[Footnote 152: Macalister (1912) 12-20.]

[Footnote 153: Fleure and James (1916).]

[Footnote 154: Fleure and James (1916) 117.]

[Footnote 155: Fleure and James (1916) 137.]

[Footnote 156: Fleure and James (1916) 138.]

[Footnote 157: Fleure and James (1916) 139; Fleure (1918) 1. 16; Fleure (1918) 2. 222, 223.]

[Footnote 158: Fleure and James (1916) 139; Fleure (1918) 1. 16; Fleure (1918) 2. 222, 223.]

[Footnote 159: Dennis (1883) i. 261; ii. 332; Taylor (1874) 94; Lovett-Cameron (1909) 188.]

[Footnote 160: Dennis (1883) i. xxxv.; Herodotus i. 94.]

[Footnote 161: Dennis (1883) i. xxviii., who quotes various Latin writers.]

[Footnote 162: Dennis (1883) i. 37, 264-269, 388, 413, 414, 455.]

[Footnote 163: Dennis (1883) ii. 458; but see Peet (1912) 76.]

[Footnote 164: Dennis (1883) ii. 275.]

[Footnote 165: Dennis (1883) ii. 116.]

[Footnote 166: Jastrow (1911) 147-206, but specially 192; see also Modestov (1907) 388ff., who quotes Cara (1894-1902) iii. 338.]

[Footnote 167: King (1910) figs. 20, 23, 24, 39, 40, 44, 45; Langdon (1920). Pl. xi. fig. 1; Pl. xii. fig. 9.]

[Footnote 168: Dennis (1883) i. 261, ii. 332.]

[Footnote 169: Morgan (1905) Pl. xv., xvi., xxiii.]

[Footnote 170: Peet (1912) 115-118; Macalister (1912) 17, 18; Fergusson (1872) 438-445.]

[Footnote 171: Peet (1912) 114; Morgan (1894) i. 261-266.]

[Footnote 172: Pumpelly (1905) 114.]

[Footnote 173: King (1910) 53.]

[Footnote 174: Schenk (1912) 188.]

[Footnote 175: Keller (1866) 57, 297.]

[Footnote 176: Keller (1866); Munro (1890); Schenk (1912).]

[Footnote 177: Šmid (1908), (1909) 117-126; other authorities are cited in fn. p. 118.]

[Footnote 178: Herodotus v. 16.]

[Footnote 179: Hippocrates xxxvii.]

[Footnote 180: Ripley (1900) 549, 550.]

[Footnote 181: In this connection compare the thrifty Pæonian maiden mentioned by Herodotus v. 12, 13.]

[Footnote 182: Peake (1922) 1. 30, 31, 54, 55, and for a late survival of communal marriage, Kovalevsky (1891).]

[Footnote 183: Schenk (1912) 191, 544.]

[Footnote 184: Schenk (1912) 460, 461, 544.]

[Footnote 185: Keith (1915) 2. 18.]

[Footnote 186: Vidal de la Blache in Lavisse (1896) I. i. 30-39, map facing p. 54.]

[Footnote 187: Minns (1913) 133-140.]

[Footnote 188: Stern (1906).]

[Footnote 189: Mosso (1910) 112, fig. 67.]

[Footnote 190: Chvojka (1904) 223, quoted by Minns (1913) 140.]

[Footnote 191: Keith (1915) 2. 21.]

[Footnote 192: Peake (1916) 1. 165, 166.]

[Footnote 193: Keith (1915) 2. 13.]

[Footnote 194: Minns (1913) 142-145; Zaborowski (1895) 125-130, 134-135; Rostovtzeff (1920) 60, 109-111.]

[Footnote 195: Myres (1906) 541.]

[Footnote 196: Minns (1913) 142.]

[Footnote 197: Peake (1916) 1. 163 fn.]

[Footnote 198: Rostovtzeff (1920) 110.]

[Footnote 199: Zaborowski (1895) 310.]

[Footnote 200: Myres (1906) 542.]

[Footnote 201: Bogdanov (1892).]

[Footnote 202: Sergi (1908) 309-316.]

[Footnote 203: Peake (1919) 197.]

[Footnote 204: Bogdanov (1892) 4.]

[Footnote 205: Minns (1913) 142, 143; Zaborowski (1895) 126; Rostovtzeff (1920) 60, 110.]

[Footnote 206: Osborn (1918) 337.]

[Footnote 207: Peake (1916) 1. 162, 163; (1922) 1. 51.]

[Footnote 208: Huntington (1907).]

[Footnote 209: Huntington (1911).]

[Footnote 210: Peisker (1911) 325-328.]

[Footnote 211: Brooks (1921).]

[Footnote 212: Pumpelly (1908) i. 32.]

[Footnote 213: Cook (1921) 321-323.]

[Footnote 214: Myres (1911) 104-119.]

[Footnote 215: Peake (1916) _1_. 172.]

[Footnote 216: Minns (1913) 142.]

[Footnote 217: Wace & Thompson (1912).]

[Footnote 218: Peake (1916) _1_.]

[Footnote 219: Minns (1913) 133-140.]

[Footnote 220: Myres (1906) 542.]

[Footnote 221: Pumpelly (1908) i. 43.]

[Footnote 222: Boyd & Hawes (1912) 33.]

[Footnote 223: Pumpelly (1908) i. 48.]

[Footnote 224: Pumpelly (1908) i. 50.]

[Footnote 225: Peake (1916) _1_. 171.]

[Footnote 226: Lacouperie (1887) 113-119; (1894) ch. iv., v.]

[Footnote 227: Douglas (1899) 3.]

[Footnote 228: Cordier (1920) i. 27, 28.]

[Footnote 229: King (1915) 215.]

[Footnote 230: King (1915) 320.]

[Footnote 231: King (1915) 215.]

[Footnote 232: Myres (1906) 541.]

[Footnote 233: Lapouge (1899) 245-249.]

[Footnote 234: Peake (1916) 1.]

[Footnote 235: Myres (1906) 542.]

[Footnote 236: Schliemann (1880) 507-512; Virchow (1882).]

[Footnote 237: Hall (1913) 337-338.]

[Footnote 238: Hall (1913) 199.]

[Footnote 239: Minns (1913) 132.]

[Footnote 240: Zaborowski (1895) 125.]

[Footnote 241: Peake (1916) _1_. 163.]

[Footnote 242: Taylor (1889) 118, 119.]

[Footnote 243: Peake (1919) 201, 202.]

[Footnote 244: Nordman (1922).]

[Footnote 245: Peake (1916) 1. 166.]

[Footnote 246: Abercromby (1912) i. 15.]

[Footnote 247: Leeds (1922); see also Abercromby (1912) i. 10.]

[Footnote 248: In the discussion following Crawford (1912) 1. 198; see also Abercromby (1912) i. 11.]

[Footnote 249: Schliemann (1880) figs. 254, 255, 300, pp. 357-367; fig. 781, p. 468; see also Abercromby (1912) i. 10, where he quotes Montelius (1900) 119.]

[Footnote 250: Reche (1908) 220.]

[Footnote 251: Abercromby (1912) i. 16, 66; Crawford (1912) 1. 190.]

[Footnote 252: Aberg (1916) map 1.]

[Footnote 253: Abercromby (1912) i. 67, 68.]

[Footnote 254: Lowe (1902-1904).]

[Footnote 255: Grey & Tocher (1900).]

[Footnote 256: Crawford (1912) 1. 188, 189; Abercromby (1912) i. 38, 39.]

[Footnote 257: Loth (1920) 259-288.]

[Footnote 258: Holmes (1907) 195, 428-440.]

[Footnote 259: Abercromby (1912) i. 54.]

[Footnote 260: Schenk (1912) 191, 536-539, 544.]

[Footnote 261: Peake (1922) 1. 70.]

[Footnote 262: Peake (1922) 1. 70-72.]

[Footnote 263: Deuteronomy vii. 3.]

[Footnote 264: Lissauer (1904) map.]

[Footnote 265: Mackenzie (1907-8) 351.]

[Footnote 266: Peake (1914).]

[Footnote 267: B.P. Pl. VII.a. fig. 13 in Trento Museum.]

[Footnote 268: Naue (1903) 43-75.]

[Footnote 269: Naue (1903) 12-25.]

[Footnote 270: Peet (1909) 348.]

[Footnote 271: For details see next chapter.]

[Footnote 272: Hampel (1886) Pl. xx. 4, 6; Naue (1903) Pl. ix. 3.]

[Footnote 273: Catalogue (1891) 8, Pl. viii. 45.]

[Footnote 274: B.P. xxxvi. (1912) 22, fig. c.p. 33.]

[Footnote 275: Montelius (1895-1904) I.B. Pl. 34.]

[Footnote 276: Splieth (1900) 12, Pl. i. 9b.]

[Footnote 277: Hampel (1886) Pl. cxvii. 21.]

[Footnote 278: Montelius (1895-1904) II. ii. B. Pl. 131.]

[Footnote 279: Naue (1903) 17 fn. 3, Pl. viii. 1.]

[Footnote 280: Naue (1903) ix. 8; x. 4; xi. 2.]

[Footnote 281: Splieth (1900) 60.]

[Footnote 282: Naue (1903) xi. 3; viii. 6; viii. 8.]

[Footnote 283: These are in the Vienna Museum, Nos. 37811, 39807.]

[Footnote 284: Hampel (1886) cxv. 3; Naue (1903) viii. 3.]

[Footnote 285: In the Buda-Pest Museum 1883/131 (6).]

[Footnote 286: Hampel (1886) cxcvii. 6; Buda-Pest Museum 1893/18 (1).]

[Footnote 287: Naue (1903) viii. 5; Catalogue (1891) vii. 40; 7.]

[Footnote 288: Vienna Museum No. 9295; Heger (1903) 133, Fig. 3.]

[Footnote 289: [vS]mid (1909) Fig. 18; 119.]

[Footnote 290: Montelius (1895-1904) II. ii. B. Pl. 126; Naue (1903) vii. 4.]

[Footnote 291: Naue (1903) ix. 6, 7.]

[Footnote 292: Müller (1908-9) Figs. 48-50.]

[Footnote 293: Naue (1903) viii. 4; viii. 7.]

[Footnote 294: Buda-Pest Museum 1883/131.]

[Footnote 295: Hampel (1886) xc. 1, 5.]

[Footnote 296: Hampel (1886) cxv. 1, 2.]

[Footnote 297: Vienna Museum, Nos. 1928, 1929.]

[Footnote 298: Hampel (1886) cxiii.]

[Footnote 299: Buda-Pest Museum 1888/33.]

[Footnote 300: Buda-Pest Museum.]

[Footnote 301: Vienna Museum No. 18024.]

[Footnote 302: Vienna Museum No. 50506.]

[Footnote 303: Linz Museum No. A 691.]

[Footnote 304: Vienna Museum No. 33100.]

[Footnote 305: Linz Museum No. A 605.]

[Footnote 306: Vienna Museum Nos. 18020, 35617, 37584.]

[Footnote 307: In the Museum of Vienna Neüstadt.]

[Footnote 308: Vienna Museum No. 45721.]

[Footnote 309: [vS]mid (1909) Figs. 20, 19, p. 119.]

[Footnote 310: Szombathy (1913) Figs. 79, 92.]

[Footnote 311: Montelius (1895-1904), II. ii. B. Pl. 126.]

[Footnote 312: Naue (1903) vii. 2, 3.]

[Footnote 313: Montelius (1895-1904) II. ii. B. Pl. 126.]

[Footnote 314: Naue (1903) vii. 5.]

[Footnote 315: Montelius (1895-1904) II. ii. B. Pl. 142.]

[Footnote 316: B.P. xxxv. (1910) Pl. xiv. 1.]

[Footnote 317: Naue (1903) vii. 1.]

[Footnote 318: Naue (1903) vii. 6.]

[Footnote 319: Schliemann (1878) 144, No. 221.]

[Footnote 320: Tsountas Έφ. Άρχ. (1891) 25.]

[Footnote 321: Peet (1911-12) 282; Έφ. Άρχ. (1904) 21-50.]

[Footnote 322: In the possession of Professor Patrick Geddes.]

[Footnote 323: Petrie (1917) Pl. xxxii. 6, 7; Z.f.Æ.S. l 61, ff. Pl. v.; Peet (1911-12) 282.]

[Footnote 324: Catalogue (1891) 7. vii. 41; Naue (1903) ix. 1.]

[Footnote 325: Hampel (1886) xc. 3.]

[Footnote 326: Hampel (1886) cxiii.]

[Footnote 327: Buda-Pest Museum 1865/83.]

[Footnote 328: Buda-Pest Museum 1901/27.]

[Footnote 329: Hampel (1886) xx. 2; Naue (1903) ix. 1.]

[Footnote 330: Hampel (1886) xx. 1, 3.]

[Footnote 331: Vienna Museum No. 50505.]

[Footnote 332: Vienna Museum Nos. 4143, 37579, 34860.]

[Footnote 333: Vienna Museum No. 45721.]

[Footnote 334: In the Museum of Vienna Neüstadt.]

[Footnote 335: Vienna Museum Nos. 38951, 6284.]

[Footnote 336: Karo (1916) 143; Athens Museum No. 6228.]

[Footnote 337: C.I.A.P.A. 11th sess. Aug. 1892. I. ii. 343, fig. 2.]

[Footnote 338: Montelius (1895-1904) I.B. 37.]

[Footnote 339: Truhelka (1904).]

[Footnote 340: Déchelette (1908-1914) ii. 601-6; Sacken (1868).]

[Footnote 341: Tröltsch (1884) maps 1 and 2.]

[Footnote 342: Déchelette (1908-1914) ii. 724.]

[Footnote 343: Splieth (1900) Pl. ix. 171; p. 76.]

[Footnote 344: One from Sweden is figured by Lubbock (1865) 16i fig. 15.]

[Footnote 345: Vorgeschichtliche (1900) Pl. xxxii. fig. 4; Crawford (1921) 136 (b.).]

[Footnote 346: Déchelette (1908-1914) ii. 725.]

[Footnote 347: There is a broken hilt of a sword resembling this type in the museum at Florence; its provenance is unknown. Montelius (1895-1904) II. ii. B. Pl. 131.]

[Footnote 348: Crawford (1922).]

[Footnote 349: In a letter to Crawford; no description has yet been published.]

[Footnote 350: Cunnington (1922).]

[Footnote 351: Abercromby (1912) ii. 40-48, 107.]

[Footnote 352: Abercromby (1912) ii. 38-40, 47, 107.]

[Footnote 353: Dörpfeld (1902); Dussaud (1910 and 1914); Leaf (1912 and 1915).]

[Footnote 354: Ridgeway (1901).]

[Footnote 355: Wace (1916) 29, 30; (1920) 398.]

[Footnote 356: Hall (1913) 63; Mackenzie (1908-8).]

[Footnote 357: Harrison (1908) 312n, 318, 319; Hall (1913) 520 fn.]

[Footnote 358: Herodotus viii. 73.]

[Footnote 359: Ridgeway (1901) 339.]

[Footnote 360: Hall (1913) 520 fn.]

[Footnote 361: Ure (1922) 297-99.]

[Footnote 362: Peake (1916) 1, 158, 159.]

[Footnote 363: Hawes (1909) 23-25.]

[Footnote 364: Boyd and Hawes (1912).]

[Footnote 365: Seager (1912) 104-106.]

[Footnote 366: Gardiner (1909) 32; (1914) 32.]

[Footnote 367: Vid. supr. p. 22.]

[Footnote 368: Ure (1922).]

[Footnote 369: Ure (1922) 306.]

[Footnote 370: Wells (1902) 156, 157; (1909) 486.]

[Footnote 371: James (1902) 318, 319.]

[Footnote 372: App. II.]

[Footnote 373: Hall (1913) 67; Ridgeway (1901) 351.]

[Footnote 374: Giles, P., in a recent lecture.]

[Footnote 375: Æschylus _Agamemnon_, 1178-1245, 1468-1474.]

[Footnote 376: Ridgeway (1901) 400.]

[Footnote 377: Deniker (1900) 49, 50.]

[Footnote 378: Homer, _Iliad_ ii. 219.]

[Footnote 379: Chadwick (1912) ch. xv.]

[Footnote 380: Ridgeway (1901) ch. iv.]

[Footnote 381: Ridgeway (1901) 339, 380.]

[Footnote 382: Breasted (1912) 467; Hall (1913) 70, 377, he gives the date as 1230 /B.C./]

[Footnote 383: Peet (1911-12) 282.]

[Footnote 384: Peake (1916) 1. 170; Myres (1911) 117.]

[Footnote 385: Myres (1913) 534, 535.]

[Footnote 386: Chantre (1886) ii.]

[Footnote 387: Chantre (1886) ii. 101-8.]

[Footnote 388: Gowland (1912) 281.]

[Footnote 389: Æschylus. _Pr. vinc._ 734.]

[Footnote 390: Chantre (1886) ii. 107.]

[Footnote 391: Rostovtzeff (1920) 111.]

[Footnote 392: Lissauer (1904) 573-580.]

[Footnote 393: Chantre (1886) ii. Pl. xix. 1, 2.]

[Footnote 394: Lissauer (1904) 578-580; Chantre (1886) ii Pl. xix. 1, 2.]

[Footnote 395: Gowland (1899) 319; cf. J.I.S.I. (1897) lii. 205.]

[Footnote 396: Homer, _Il._ xiii. 576; xxiii. 808.]

[Footnote 397: Casson (1921) 1, 2.]

[Footnote 398: Déchelette (1908-14) ii. 591, 592, where all authorities are cited.]

[Footnote 399: Gowland (1899) 49, 50.]

[Footnote 400: Déchelette (1908-14) ii. 592, where all authorities are cited.]

[Footnote 401: B.P. 4th ser. v. (1910) 154; N.S. (1909) 75, 76.]

[Footnote 402: Déchelette (1908-14) ii. 536, 539, 540.]

[Footnote 403: Modestov (1907) 217.]

[Footnote 404: Modestov (1907) 224.]

[Footnote 405: Peet (1909) 421; N.S. (1900) 411; Modestov (1907) 219.]

[Footnote 406: Hooton (1913); see also Modestov (1907) 226.]

[Footnote 407: Herodotus i. 43; iv. 49.]

[Footnote 408: Livy v. 33; quoted by Dennis (1883) i. xxix.]

[Footnote 409: Déchelette (1908-14) ii. 536-539.]

[Footnote 410: Déchelette (1908-14) ii. 114.]

[Footnote 411: Déchelette (1908-14) ii. 114.]

[Footnote 412: Déchelette (1908-14) ii. 935-941.]

[Footnote 413: Crawford (1922) 33, 34.]

[Footnote 414: Déchelette (1908-14) map ii., in ii. pt. 2.]

[Footnote 415: Peake (1919) 200-202.]

[Footnote 416: See ch. vi.]

[Footnote 417: Peet (1909) 431.]

[Footnote 418: Herodotus vii. 73.]

[Footnote 419: Xenophanes, quoted by Clement of Alexandria: _Stromateis_ vii. 711b.]

[Footnote 420: Déchelette (1908-14) ii. 796.]

[Footnote 421: Modestov (1907) 217; Déchelette (1908-14) ii. 529-540.]

[Footnote 422: Hooton (1913).]

[Footnote 423: Déchelette (1908-14) ii. 529-540; Modestov (1907) ch. viii.]

[Footnote 424: Jones (1788).]

[Footnote 425: Bopp (1833), (1845-50), (1866-74).]

[Footnote 426: Klaproth (1823).]

[Footnote 427: Giles (1910-11); 1922, 66.]

[Footnote 428: Max-Müller (1855) 29.]

[Footnote 429: Penka (1883, 1886).]

[Footnote 430: Gobineau (1853-55).]

[Footnote 431: Grant (1916), (1921).]

[Footnote 432: Chamberlain (1911).]

[Footnote 433: Ripley (1900) 217, 218; Parsons (1919).]

[Footnote 434: Adelung (1806-17) ii. 6.]

[Footnote 435: Pott (1840) 19.]

[Footnote 436: Tylor (1881) 79-82.]

[Footnote 437: Hehn (1874) quoted by Taylor (1889) 23.]

[Footnote 438: Latham (1851) cxlii., (1854) 197, 198, (1859) ii. 503.]

[Footnote 439: Max-Müller (1888) 127.]

[Footnote 440: Fick (1868).]

[Footnote 441: Geiger (1871) 113-150.]

[Footnote 442: Piètrement (1879).]

[Footnote 443: Cuno (1871).]

[Footnote 444: Schrader (1890) 438.]

[Footnote 445: Giles (1922).]

[Footnote 446: Giles (1922) 67, 68.]

[Footnote 447: Schrader (1890) ch. v.]

[Footnote 448: Obermaier (1912) i. 439-464; Hoops (1904); (1911-19) ii. 354.]

[Footnote 449: Giles (1922) 66.]

[Footnote 450: Giles (1922) 69.]

[Footnote 451: Schrader (1890) 438.]

[Footnote 452: Giles (1922) 67.]

[Footnote 453: Fleure (1922) 13.]

[Footnote 454: Schenk (1912) 176.]

[Footnote 455: App. I.]

[Footnote 456: Giles (1922) 69, 70.]

[Footnote 457: Huntington (1907), (1911).]

[Footnote 458: Herodotus i. 203, 204; iv. 40; Casson (1918-19) 175-183.]

[Footnote 459: Casson (1918-19) 178.]

[Footnote 460: The best summaries up to this date are Taylor (1889) and Reinach (1892).]

[Footnote 461: Sieg and Siegling (1921).]

[Footnote 462: Hrozný (1917).]

[Footnote 463: Rhys (1894).]

[Footnote 464: Zimmer (1912); Meyer (1895-6) 55-86.]

[Footnote 465: Rhys (1894) 119.]

[Footnote 466: Rhys (1894) 122, 130.]

[Footnote 467: Zimmer (1912); Meyer (1895-6) 55-86.]

[Footnote 468: Schrader (1890) 225-228.]

[Footnote 469: Tomaschek (1894).]

[Footnote 470: Conway (1897).]

[Footnote 471: Conway (1897) i. 287.]

[Footnote 472: Conway (1897) i. 370.]

[Footnote 473: Kiepert (1882) Tab. viii.]

[Footnote 474: Dion. Halic. ix. xiv.]

[Footnote 475: Niebuhr (1827) i. 80.]

[Footnote 476: Dion. Halic. xiv.]

[Footnote 477: Dion. Halic. xvi.]

[Footnote 478: Rhys (1894) 112.]

[Footnote 479: Crawford (1922) 34, 35.]

[Footnote 480:

A. xxx. (1920) 575, 576; where there is an abstract of a paper read 19th May, 1920, before the Institut français d’Anthropologie, entitled L’établissement des Celtes dans les Isles Britanniques et de ses indices archéologiques à propos de la diffusion des épées de bronze à soie-plate rivetée.

M. Hubert informs me that his work on the Celts will be published shortly.]

[Footnote 481: King (1915) 215 fn.]

[Footnote 482: McDougall (1920) ch. xv.]

[Footnote 483: Sergi (1908) 309-16.]

[Footnote 484: Fleure (1922) 12, 13.]

[Footnote 485: Bogdanov (1892) 1.]

[Footnote 486: Giles (1922) 76, King (1915) 214.]

[Footnote 487: King (1915) 215 fn.]

[Footnote 488: Minns (1913) 36-39, 102, 115.]

[Footnote 489: Chadwick (1899).]

[Footnote 490: Nilsson (1868) 234-43.]

[Footnote 491: Vigfussen & Powell (1883) i. 234-242.]

[Footnote 492: Peake (1919) 186-192.]

[Footnote 493: Müller (1864) 524-539.]

[Footnote 494: Rostovtzeff (1920) 111.]

[Footnote 495: Diodorus Siculus v. 32; Niebuhr (1838) ii. 523.]

[Footnote 496: Ridgeway (1901) 369, 370.]

[Footnote 497: Hom. _Od._ ii. 14.]

[Footnote 498: Rhys (1884) 279.]

[Footnote 499: Pliny, _Hist. Nat._ III. ix.]

[Footnote 500: Holmes (1907) 438, says the term was used by Broca (1871) i. 395.]

[Footnote 501: Herodotus iv. 12.]

[Footnote 502: Déchelette (1908-14) ii. 593.]

[Footnote 503: Herodotus i. 6, 15, 16.]

[Footnote 504: Déchelette (1908-14) ii. 615, 616.]

[Footnote 505: Pliny iv. 95; Solinus xix. 2; quoted by Rhys and Brynmor-Jones (1900) 80.]

[Footnote 506: Rhys and Brynmor-Jones (1900) 80.]

[Footnote 507: Bulleid & Grey (1911, 1917).]

[Footnote 508: Macalister (1921) 2, 24, 50.]

[Footnote 509: Macalister (1921) 2, 256.]

[Footnote 510: Bushe-Fox (1915).]

[Footnote 511: Budgen, Rev. W., Hallstatt Pottery from Eastbourne. A.J. II. 354-360.]

[Footnote 512: Geoffrey of Monmouth, _Hist. Brit._ iii. 8-10.]

[Footnote 513: Jubainville (1904) 80.]

[Footnote 514: Liv. v. 34.]

[Footnote 515: Déchelette (1908-14) ii. 572, 573.]

[Footnote 516: Geer (1896). (1912).]

[Footnote 517: Sollas (1911) 395-397.]

[Footnote 518: Brooks (1921).]

[Footnote 519: Penck & Brückner (1909).]

[Footnote 520: Hall (1913) 15-30.]

[Footnote 521: Petrie (1906) ch. xii.]

[Footnote 522: Meyer (1904).]

[Footnote 523: Breasted (1912).]

[Footnote 524: Hall (1913) 25.]

[Footnote 525: Bachofen (1897).]

[Footnote 526: M’Lennan (1886) 195-246.]

[Footnote 527: Hartland (1921) 122-124.]

[Footnote 528: Rose (1911).]

[Footnote 529: Rose (1911) 279.]

[Footnote 530: Rose (1911) 283.]

[Footnote 531: Ridgeway (1901).]

[Footnote 532: Hartland (1921) 123.]

[Footnote 533: Murray (1907) 74.]

[Footnote 534: Rose (1920) 94.]