Chapter III: Part II: Moths

ACHERONTIA ATROPOS.

PLATE IV.--FIG. 1.

This is the largest moth found in the Canary Islands,
known as the Death’s Head, very rarely met with in
England.

It measures from five to six inches in expanse. The
ground-colour of the fore-wings is brown, varied with
zig-zag lines of whitish yellow and light brown. There
is a white dot in the centre of each, and they are
dusted all over with minute white dots. The hind-wings
are orange, with two black marginal bands on
the lower edge. The head is dark brown or black,
marked with a pale-brown skull. The body is orange,
with a longitudinal band of bluish grey down the centre,
increasing in width towards the base. Six bands of
black, broadest near the head, cross the body. The
antennæ are rather short and thick, tipped with white.
The caterpillar measures about four inches in length,
and is of a most gorgeous green and yellow colour,
alternate transverse bands of these colours running
along the sides. It has eight small eyes in a line
below the transverse bands, and a horn on its tail. It
feeds on the potato, the pupa making a cell for itself
underground, and appearing in the largest numbers
between May and July; but as a fresh crop of potatoes
is planted every three months in the Canaries, the
caterpillars are found in small numbers all the year
round.

When bred in captivity the pupa is delicate, quite
five out of ten dying in their cases.

SPHINX CONVOLVULI or BATATÆ.

This moth is found in England, and all over Europe.
It is a large moth, measuring about five inches across
the wings. All four wings are of a variegated grey-brown
colour, the body having a longitudinal grey
stripe, increasing in width at the base, and five stripes
of pink and black across it alternately. The antennæ
are somewhat longer and more slender than those of
the Death’s Head moth. They are feathered, and grey
in colour, terminating in a sharp point. The insect is
provided with a very long proboscis, which one sees it
inserting into the centre of the flowers at dusk. During
the winter months it is met with commonly in some
years. The caterpillar, which measures four inches in
length, feeds on the sweet potato in the fields, and on
the petunia and phlox in gardens. It is of a brown-grey
colour, shading to green on the back, having
black longitudinal stripes along the back, and transverse
black and white stripes surmounted by white
spots at the sides. It is a night-feeder, hiding itself
under the leaves or in the ground at day-time, and
constructing the pupa-case underground. It is delicate
and difficult to rear in captivity, like the Atropos.

DEILEPHILA TITHYMALI.

PLATE IV.--FIG. 4.

This beautiful moth is peculiar to the Canary Islands,
although allied species are found over the greater
part of Europe.[6] It expands from three to three and
a half inches. The fore-wings are silvery grey in
colour, having dark olive-grey markings, and a long
stripe of this colour, increasing in width towards the
body, from the apex to the base. The hind-wings are
a rich pink, having a marginal band of dark brown, and
a fine white line on the outer edge. The antennæ,
which are white, are thick and feathered. The head
and body, thickly feathered with white, are of an olive
brown colour. Two bands of black cross the top of
the abdomen, which tapers off to a point, with bands of
alternate white and olive brown slightly marked with
black. The caterpillar is easily found on the Euphorbia
where it feeds gregariously. It is a beautiful dark pink,
the horn being of this colour. The dark pink is interspersed
with dusky green and greyish black spots, and
the caterpillar, when at full size, attains a length of
about four inches. It is found from January till the
end of May, but in the greatest numbers in April,
whilst the Euphorbia is in its prime. The road-side
between Rambla and Icod is a particularly favoured
spot. About one or two inches of dried earth prepared
as already mentioned are required for the larva to
make its slight case in, though when in a natural state
it buries itself much deeper, and the pupa is difficult
to find. Some were fed and reared on a species of
milk-wort. They thrived, but eventually turned into
small moths of a paler colour than usual. The pupa
varies much in the time of turning to the moth stage,
according to the weather,--from six weeks, the usual
time, to three months. Some caterpillars obtained in
January did not become moths till the end of March;
others taken at full growth on March 15th effected
their last change to the moth during the last week in
April and first week in May. The pupa when it first
turns is of a beautiful shaded green colour with yellowish
markings, but it changes to a uniform brown in
a few days. The caterpillar is sometimes affected by
a disease which consists of a small red fungus growing
on the body, generally towards the tail. One small
brood was entirely lost from this disease, which seemed
to be contagious. As a rule, however, the larvæ are
easy to keep, and the chrysalides hatch well and strongly.
When numbers are kept, an old wine-case should be
substituted for the smaller breeding-cages already mentioned,
the mosquito-netting being used in the same
way. A little sun is beneficial to them every day in
the morning. When kept too long in the sun, however,
they cease to feed, although when in a natural
state sunny localities are most favoured. They are not
night-feeders only.

[6] See Appendix D.

CHŒROCAMPA CELERIO.

PLATE IV.--FIG. 2.

(_Sharp Winged Hawk-Moth._)

This beautiful moth is somewhat allied to the last described,
the colour being similar, but the body is longer
and more tapering. It is found in England, and in most
countries where the vine grows, on which it feeds. The
fore-wings are greyish brown with a silvery grey stripe
from the apex to the base; the outer lower margin is
bordered by a similar stripe. The hind-wings are of a
rosy pink colour, veined with, and having a marginal
band of brown. The body is feathered, and has a series
of five short silver streaks down each side. The antennæ
are greyish white, not so long as those of the Tithymali.
From three to four inches is the length of the beautiful
bright green caterpillar. This has two dark and two
light spots on its head, and a horn on its tail. A faint
yellow longitudinal line runs along each side. It is
rather liable to the attacks of the ichneumon fly, and
so it is as well to search for the eggs before putting it
aside for rearing. This year (1893) some were found in
April, this being unusually early, as it does not appear
generally till June, from which date until August it is
very commonly met with in the vineyards. The pupa
lies in a dormant state for four weeks, and then turns to
the moth freely and strongly.

MACROGLOSSA STELLATARUM.

(_Humming Bird Hawk-Moth._)

This moth is common in England and most parts of
Europe. Its fore-wings are brown, with faint longitudinal
lines of a darker shade; the hind-wings are orange
tawny, fringed with light brown. It measures in expanse
about two inches. The head and body are brown,
the abdomen spotted with black and white, rather
liberally feathered. The antennæ are brown, being
thinnest at the base, and gradually thickening to the
extremity. It is seen in the daytime, as well as evening
hovering, with an ever-restless motion of the wing, over
flowers. The caterpillar is green, with a longitudinal
white stripe, and a faint yellow one under the spiracles.
The time of its appearance is from March to September,
but it is seen about in greatest numbers in June.

RHYPARIOIDES RUFESCENS.

PLATE IV.--FIG. 5.

This pretty moth is peculiar to the Islands, measuring
rather more than two inches across the wings. It is
red in colour, the hind-wings being brighter than the
fore-wings. These latter are marked with longitudinal
dark stripes in the female, dark spots being substituted for
the stripes in the male. The head is dark red, shading off
to lighter red on the richly-feathered body. The antennæ
are red, being thicker and more feathered in the male than
the female. The caterpillars are brown, thickly covered
with long silky hairs, and are found mostly in barrancos,
feeding on the dock and sorrel singly. They are also
found in gardens, feeding somewhat indiscriminately on
cabbage or hollyhock. When kept in captivity they can
be reared on cabbage, and after attaining their full size
of about one and a half inches, they make a slight hairy
cocoon under a thin covering of earth. The caterpillar
stage lasts about twenty days. They are found in
January and hibernate in the pupa state till well on in
the summer, sometimes as late as October or November,
though some taken in January were brought to England
and turned to moths on the 24th of June following.
After being kept for a time the chrysalides become a
very dark brown, almost black, so that there is a temptation
to throw them away as dead, since they show
so little life; but on opening the hard, stick-like skin,
the creature is found to be quite fresh.

DASYCHIRA FORTUNATA.

PLATE IV.--Fig. 11.

In colour a dull grey moth. The fore-wings are ash-coloured,
variegated with whitish on the upper side. The
reniform spot is rust-coloured in the male and whitish
in the female. The transverse lines are black and
dentated, the submarginal line maculated. The hind-wings
are grey, with a slight lunule in the middle; the
underside uniform grey. The body is less stout than
the D. Fascelina (Linn.). The abdomen is long in the
male and longer in the female. The antennæ are pectinated
in the male, simple in the female. The legs are
thickly clothed with hair, the feet yellowish beneath.
Although the caterpillar has not been described, it presumably
has much the same characteristics as its allies,
and is probably greyish, with tufts of hair on its back;
it feeds on the Pinus Canariensis.

This moth is allied to the English, and European
species Dasychira Fascelina (Dark Tussock), but is
probably peculiar to the Islands. It has been described
as being found in the Islands of Palma and Hiero by
Rogenhofer in the “Verhandlungen des Kaiserlich-Königlichen
Zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in
Wien,” vol. 41 (for 1891), p. 566. The specimen
illustrated was drawn from one of two presented to the
South Kensington Museum by the Rev. O. E. Benthall,
who found the chrysalides on trunks of the Canary pine
near Guimar, Teneriffe, about 2,000 feet above the sea,
and as far as the author can ascertain it has not before
been recorded as occurring in Teneriffe.

DEIOPEIA PULCHELLA.

PLATE IV.--FIG. 9.

This beautiful little moth, expanding about one and
a half inches, is a very rare insect in Teneriffe at the
present time, though two or three years ago it was
found in great abundance near, and along, the coast
during the spring months.[7] It has yellowish white
fore-wings freely spotted with black, alternated with
oblong red spots, not so numerous. The hind-wings
are pearl-white, having a small blackish brown spot
towards the top, and a marginal indented border of
the same colour. The thorax and head are speckled
with black and yellow. The body is light pearl-grey.
The larva is dark grey with a broad white stripe on the
back and reddish streaks on the sides. This species is
abundant throughout Africa, the South of Asia and
Europe, but a very scarce insect in England. Don
Ramon Gomez kindly supplied the specimen illustrated.

[7] A single specimen was taken by the Rev. O. E. Benthall
at Guimar in 1893.

PSEUDOPHIA TIRHACA (Cram); wrongly called
TYRRHÆA.

PLATE IV.--FIG. 3.

This is not an English species, but is met with in
Europe and North Africa. It is not very commonly found
in Teneriffe. The fore-wings are green, with a central
reddish-brown spot, the outer margin having an indented
band of the same colour. The body and hind-wings,
richly feathered, are a beautiful straw yellow, the latter
having a dark brown graduated band near the lower
margin. It expands about two inches and a half. The
larva is grey, with a pale grey stripe on the sides, and
black spots on the lower surface between the pro-legs.

CALOCAMPA EXOLETA.

(_Sword-Grass Moth._)

This moth is an English species. It measures in
expanse between two and three inches, and is of a
soft violet grey tinge, the fore-wings having a variety
of brown markings. The caterpillar feeds on the
Euphorbia, and has been found gregariously with the
Tithymali on that plant. It is met with, however, on
peas and potatoes, and can be reared on the leaves of
any of these plants. The larva is bright green, with
two lines of black and white spots down each side of the
back. These are bordered by a yellow stripe (sometimes,
however, absent), and it has a broken red line on each
side. The caterpillar attains a length of about three
inches. Some were kept in the same breeding cage with
the Tithymali, but their habits were entirely different.
When the Exoleta caterpillar ceased to feed, it did not
immediately attain the pupa state, but was restless and
lively, remaining as a caterpillar from six to eight weeks,
gradually shrinking and losing its colour, until it turned
to the pupa. It made a fragile shell of fine earth, oval
in form, and buried itself a short distance under the
surface. Full-sized caterpillars, taken on the 20th of
March, ceased feeding and turned to the pupa state
from the 1st to the 20th of May, emerging to the moth
on the 15th of June. In some specimens the process
of turning to the pupa took place on the journey to
England in a box, the caterpillars being covered lightly
with cotton-wool.

TRIPHÆNA PRONUBA.

(_Common Yellow Underwing._)

This is a common moth in England and Europe, but is
rather a scarce species in Teneriffe. It expands a little
more than two inches. The fore-wings are dark brown,
having a few irregular markings of a lighter shade.
The hind-wings are bright yellow, with a dark brown
marginal band on the lower edge. The body is a somewhat
lighter brown, and the antennæ are long and fine.
The caterpillar is brown, and it feeds on a variety of
low-growing plants in the barrancos, and may also be found
on the potato. It commences to appear in the early
spring.

PLUSIA AURIFERA.

PLATE IV.--FIG. 6.

This moth is closely allied to the Chrysitis, which is
found in England, differing, however, in the shape of
the gold markings.[8] The fore-wings have a bright
golden marginal band of varying width across them,
from the apex to the base. It is found in rough places,
and can be easily netted when hovering over clover-flowers
or similar low-growing herbage at dusk. The
hind-wings are grey-brown, shading off to a lighter tint
towards the body. The antennæ are long and fine.
The caterpillar feeds on the tobacco-plant, and is found
in barrancos, but it is most usually met with on potato-plants;
it envelops itself in a leaf, drawing it together
with silk-like threads, and so forming a case in which it
turns to the chrysalis. It is found very nearly all the
year round, but is met with in greatest numbers during
the spring months.

[8] Alpheraky describes the Indian variety Chrysitina as a
Teneriffe moth.

PLUSIA TRIPARTITA (Hufn.) URTICÆ (Hübn).

Known in England as the Spectacle Moth. It is met
with in the day-time as well as at dusk, like many
others of the genus Plusia. Its fore-wings are dark
grey, varied with greenish-white in the basal and marginal
areas; the sub-terminal line is marked below the
costa with black arrow-heads in front, and is bordered
with deep black behind. It is common in the greater
part of Europe and Northern Asia. The larva, which
is greenish brown, has two white lines on the back, and
slender white and green lines along each side above the
feet. It feeds on nettle.

PLUSIA CIRCUMFLEXA.

Similar somewhat to the English Gamma, or silver Y
moth, but a distinct variety, and found largely in Europe.
The fore-wings are dark ashy-grey, with bronze
markings, and have a pale golden mark in the middle
resembling the letter r. The hind-wings are brown, of
a lighter shade towards the base. It measures in expanse
about two inches; the antennæ are long and fine.
The larva, which is green with a yellowish stripe at the
sides, feeds on the potato and other low-growing plants,
and is found during the early spring months, and well
on into the summer.

PLUSIA ERIOSOMA.

This is the fourth species described here of the large
genus Plusia. It is a much brighter golden-brown
colour than the last described specimen, measuring about
one and a half inches across the wings. The fore-wings
are golden-brown, having two distinct gold spots about
the centre. The hind are of the same tint as the fore-wings,
darker at the margin, and shading off lighter
towards the base. It is found in India, but is not a
European species.

HELIOTHIS ARMIGERA.

This is a very rare moth in England, but is found
over the greater part of the world. It expands about
one and a half inches.

The fore-wings are a brownish yellow, with darker
indistinct markings. The hind-wings are lighter yellow
in colour, with a dark semi-lunar spot in the middle,
and have a dark marginal border. The antennæ are long
and fine. The caterpillar was found on the potato-plant
and proved to be one of the cannibal species. It fed
occasionally on the food provided, but seemed generally
to prefer its companions in captivity, feeding at night,
and so had to be separated from them. The larva is
reddish brown in colour, with a yellowish stripe on the
sides, and it is very commonly found in Teneriffe during
the early spring months.

HELIOTHIS DIPSACEA.

This is a small moth, about one to one and a half inches
in expanse, and found throughout the greater part of
Europe, Northern and Western Asia, and North Africa.
It frequents high ground in the spring and summer,
living in rough places and in clover-fields. The fore-wings
are of light olive-brown shade, with dark markings
across them. The hind-wings are dark olive-brown,
fringed with yellow, and having two large yellow uneven
spots about the centre, with a similar one on the brown
margin. The body is stout, the antennæ long and fine.
The larva is green or rust-colour, with white lines on
the back and sides.

PRODENIA LITTORALIS.

A moth, expanding about one inch and a half, found
in Africa, but not in England. It has brown-grey fore-wings,
with opalescent markings. The hind-wings are
of a shining opalescent white. The larva is brown, feeds
on the potato-plant, and appears during the early spring.
The moths are seen a month or six weeks later; those
bred in captivity appear simultaneously with those out
of doors.

PERIDROMA SAUCIA.

Rather a fine moth, inhabiting Europe, though not
found in England. It expands about two inches or
more. The fore-wings are dark brown, sometimes
suffused with a reddish tinge at the upper margin.
The hind-wings are of a greyish pearl-white colour,
veined with brown, with a brown shade fringing the
margins. The larva is greyish-brown, and feeds on the
potato-plant, where it is found during the late winter
and early spring. The average time for turning from
the larva to the moth stage is from six to eight weeks.

TARACHE LUCIDA.

PLATE IV.--FIG. 8.

This is a small moth, not very commonly found in
Teneriffe. It is met with by day along the coast, and
up to an altitude of 2000 feet or more in rough rocky
places, in April and up to June or July. The prevailing
colour is a blue-grey. The fore-wings have a large
square patch of white on the upper margin, and a
smaller dot of the same colour towards the middle. The
hind-wings are fringed with white, and have two or
three patches of the same colour along their margins.
In the male, the white on both wings is increased
towards the base. It is not an English species, but is
found in Europe and along the Mediterranean. The
larva is a green or brownish grey, with three dark
double lines on the thoracic segments; tufted, and with
a white line on the back on segments 5 to 7, and with a
dark stripe on the back, and a whitish line on the sides
of the remaining segments.

STERRHA SACRARIA.

A pretty little moth, about one inch in expanse, commonly
found in the Canary Islands. It is widely
dispersed over Europe and Asia, and is a rare inhabitant
of England. The fore-wings are sulphur-yellow, tinged
with bright red at the apex, and having a red line
running from the tip to the middle of the inner margin.
The hind-wings are pale yellowish white. It frequents
rough places among short herbage, and is found on
and near the coast in the early spring and during the
summer. The larva is green, with a paler line on the
back, and a yellowish line on the sides. Spiracles red.
It feeds on low-growing plants.

OMMOTOSTOLA SACCHARI.

A pale buff moth, measuring in expanse about two
inches. The specimen described was netted at Guimar,
Teneriffe, in May. It is somewhat common. The fore-wings
and body are buff, the latter being rather richly
feathered. The hind-wings are cream-white; the
antennæ are rather thick, of a medium length. It is
not an inhabitant of Europe. The larva has not been
observed.

HYPENA OBSITALIS.

Not an English moth, but an inhabitant of South
Europe, North Africa, and Asia. It measures in expanse
about one inch. The fore-wings are brown, varied with
pale yellow and black markings. The hind-wings are
grey, shading lighter at the base. It makes its appearance
in the spring, and is very commonly found in
dwelling-houses or surrounding out-houses in the evening.
The larva is green, with a white stripe on the sides.

HYPENA LIVIDALIS.

A smaller moth than the last specimen described.
The fore-wings are olive-brown, violet-grey towards the
margins. The two colours are separated by an oblique
whitish line from the apex to the middle of the inner
margin. The hind-wings are grey, shading off lighter to
the base, and are veined with brown. It is not an
English species, but is very commonly found in Teneriffe,
on rough ground, among cactus, &c., in the early
spring, at no great distance from the coast. It inhabits
South Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia.

OMPHACODES DIVINCTA.

PLATE IV.--FIG. 7.

A pretty little sea-green moth (geometra) found in
South Africa, but very rarely met with in Teneriffe. It
was netted in a rough place among cactus-plants in
April at dusk, about 500 feet above the sea level. It
measures about one inch in expanse; the fore-wings and
upper part of the body are of a beautiful bright sea-green
colour when first netted, but the insect quickly
fades. The hind-wings are paler green, and all four
wings are fringed with white. The antennæ are short
and slightly feathered.

This moth had not figured in any collection of
Teneriffe moths as far as the author could ascertain.
No observations have been made on the larvæ and pupæ.

ASPILATES COLLINARIA. (Holt-White.)

PLATE IV.--FIG. 10 (Female).

This moth is allied to the Aspilates Gilvaria, but is
probably an insect peculiar to the Canaries. It measures
in expanse about one inch. It is of a pale buff-colour,
the female being of a much intenser shade than
the male. The hind-wings in both sexes are much
lighter in colour than the fore-wings. The fore-wings
of the female have a slate-blue narrow band of colour,
extending from near the apex to the base of the
upper margin, forming a semicircle. Within the
semicircle, and near the upper margin, is a small
slate-blue dot. The hind-wings have also a band of
varying width and of the same colour extending across
them, and a slate-blue dot is seen near the top of the
upper margin above the slate band. The male has
similar markings, but they are much paler, and not
nearly so well defined. The antennæ of the male are
feathered, of medium length; those of the female are
longer and finer. At first sight this moth might be
deemed a variety of Sterrha Sacraria. The female was
taken at Guimar about 1000 feet above the sea.
Several male specimens were taken near Orotava, at a
somewhat higher altitude. This moth, being unknown
at South Kensington, has been named as above by the
author.

BRYOPHILA var. RAVULA (Hübn).

A small moth, about one inch in expanse, with a
slender body. The fore-wings are dark brown, with
the base, tip, and inner margin whitish. The centre of
the wings is suffused with red, and two transverse lines
of darker colour cross them. The larva is blue with a
black line on the back and a zigzag yellowish-red stripe
on the sides, bordered below with black. It feeds on
lichens growing on walls. It is not a British species,
but is met with in Southern Europe.

BRYOPHILA ALGÆ (Fabr.).

This is a small moth, with the same characteristics as
to size and form as the last described. The fore-wings
are green, varied with brown and blackish in the
position of the claviform stigma. It has dark transverse
lines, and the hind-wings are brownish grey.
The larva is bluish-grey, with a grey stripe on the back.
It feeds on lichen, and inhabits Central and Southern
Europe, and Western Asia, but is a great rarity in
England.

AGROTIS SPINIFERA (Hübn).

This is a moth somewhat larger than the last-described,
with rather a stout body. It is fawn-colour, the abdomen
pale-brown, and the margin of the fore-wings
has several black spots. The hind-wings are whitish.
It inhabits South-Western Europe, but is not met with
in England.

SESAMIA NONAGRIOIDES (Lef.).

The body of this moth is stout, the fore-wings are
nearly rectangular at the tips, without any distinct
pattern. The antennæ and tongue are short. The
fore-wings are greyish-yellow with a black discal spot,
and an outer row of black dots. The hind-wings are
white. It inhabits Spain, North Africa, and Madeira,
but is not a British species. The larva lives on the
stalks of maize, corn, and sugar-cane.

ACIDALIA CONSOLIDATA.

One of the large genus of Acidalia, a small and
delicate moth. The wings are yellowish-white, finely
dusted with black. The fore-wings have five and the
hind-wings four brownish yellow transverse bands. It
expands about one inch. It is not a British species.

ZONOSOMA PUPILLARIA (Hübn).

A small moth, with the tips of the fore-wings pointed.
The wings are greyish yellow, finely and indistinctly
speckled with purplish brown, with a small brown
central spot centred with white, a row of black dots
beyond the middle, and often a dull red, zigzag central
shade also. This is a very variable species, inhabiting
S. Europe, W. Asia, and N. Africa, but is not an inhabitant
of England. The larva is very variable in
colour, being dull green, brown, or reddish. It feeds on
the cistus, arbutus, myrtle, etc.

TEPHRONIA SEPIARIA (Hufn).

A small moth, with narrow fore-wings, expanding
about one inch. The fore-wings are ashy-grey, finely
dusted with a darker shade. The hind-wings are paler,
with two dark marginal bands. It is met with in
Central and Southern Europe, but is very rare in
Britain. The larva is brownish grey, with a paler
line and two rows of pale spots on the back.

EUPITHECIA PUMILATA (Hübn).

The fore-wings are pointed, reddish grey in colour,
and bordered by a brownish-red band. The larva is
pale yellowish-green, with dark green or reddish-violet
lines on the back, and a paler line on its sides. It
feeds on the flowers of a great variety of plants, such
as clematis, broom, convolvulus. It is widely distributed
in Central and Southern Europe and W. Asia,
but is not an inhabitant of Britain.

LIST OF MOTHS FOUND IN TENERIFFE.

NAME OF MOTH. REMARKS ON LOCALITIES, ETC.

_Sphinges._

*1 Acherontia Atropos England (Death’s Head).
2 Sphinx Convolvuli England (Convolvulus Hawk-moth).
*3 Deilephila Tithymali Peculiar to the Islands.
*4 Chœrocampa Celerio England (Sharp-winged Hawk-moth).
5 Macroglossa Stellatarum England (Humming-bird Hawk-moth).

_Bombyces._

*6 Deiopeia Pulchella European. England; rare.
*7 Rhyparioides Rufescens Peculiar to the Islands.
*8 Dasychira Fortunata Peculiar to the Islands.

_Noctuæ._

9 Bryophila Ravula Not in England.
10 Bryophila Algae England; rare.
11 Sesamia Nonagrioides Spain, N. Africa, Madeira.
12 Triphæna Pronuba England (Common Yellow Under-wing).
13 Agrotis Spinifera Not in England; S.W. Europe.
14 Peridroma Saucia Not in England; European.
15 Ommatostola Sacchari Not European.
16 Prodenia Littoralis Not in England; S. Asia and Madagascar.
17 Calocampa Exoleta England (Sword-grass moth).
18 Heliothis Armigera England; rare (cannibal).
19 Heliothis Dipsacea England.
20 Heliaca Tenebrata England (Small Yellow Under-wing).
21 Plusia Circumflexa Not in England; S. Europe.
22 Plusia Eriosoma Not in England; India.
*23 Plusia Aurifera Peculiar to the Islands.
24 Plusia Tripartita England (Spectacle Moth.)
*25 Tarache Lucida England, rare; S. Europe.
*26 Pseudophia Tirhaca Not in England; S. Europe, N. Africa.
27 Hypena Lividalis Not in England; S. Europe, N. Africa.
28 Hypena Obsitalis Not in England; S. Europe, N. Africa.

_Geometridæ._

*29 Aspilates Collinaria Probably peculiar to the Islands.
30 Sterrha Sacraria England; S. Europe, Africa, and S. Asia.
*31 Omphacodes Divincta Not in England; South Africa.
32 Acidalia Consolidata Not in England; Europe.
33 Zonosoma Pupillaria S. Europe, W. Asia, and N. Africa.
34 Tephronia Sepiaria England (rare); European.
35 Eupithecia Pumilata var.
Tempestivata European.

_Micro-Lepidoptera._

36 Botys Verbascalis England.
37 Botys Polygonalis England.
38 Botys Asinalis England.
39 Asopia Farinalis (dark form) England.
40 Centra Stregaria (Woll.) or
Coremia Cidaria (Staud) Probably peculiar to the Islands.
41 Calymnia Eerruginea (Woll.) Probably peculiar to the Islands.

* Marked thus are illustrated.

In addition to the specimens above described, a list of twenty-one more names of Teneriffe moths is appended, which have been written upon by S. Alpheraky in the memoirs of N. M. Romanoff, vol. v., 1889. Several of the insects in this list were collected by the author, but as they were mostly very small brown or grey moths, and of but little interest to the ordinary collector, a description of them has been omitted. The difficulty of identification without illustration also precludes their insertion in a work of the present character.

ALPHERAKY.

1 Plusia Chrisitina | 12 Crambus Tersellus
2 Cosmophila Erosa | 13 Cryptoblabes Gnidiella
3 Acidalia Guancharia | 14 Ephatia Ficulella
4 Scoparia Sudetica | 15 Ucetia Transversella
5 Hellula Undalis | 16 Ephestia Callidella
6 Aporodes Floralis | 17 Ephestia Elutella
7 Botys Aurata | 18 Plodia Interpunctella
8 Botys Meridionalis | 19 Setomorpha Bogotatella
9 Botys Ferrugalis | 20 Litha Solanella
10 Botys Dorcalis | 21 Pterophorus Monodactylus
11 Duponchelia Fovealis