Chapter XIII: Introduction (7)

Embrun _Hautes-Alpes_ H. M.

Glandeves _Basses-Alpes_ (Bishopric transferred
to Entrevaux)

Grasse _Alpes-Maritimes_ (Bishopric in XIVth
century)

Laon _Aisne_ Notre Dame H. M.

Lavaur _Tarn_ (Bishopric in XIVth
century)

Lectours _Gers_ (Bishopric in Xth century)

Lescar _Basses-Pyrenees_ H. M.

Lisieux _Calvados_ St. Pierre

Lodeve _Herault_ St. Fulcran H. M.

Lombez _Gers_ H. M.

Macon _Saone-et-Loire_ St. Vincent H. M.

Mallezais _Vendee_

Mirepoix _Ariege_ (Bishopric in XIVth
century)

Noyon _Oise_ Notre Dame H. M.

Oloron _Basses-Pyrenees_ H. M.

Orange _Vaucluse_ Notre Dame

Perigueux _Dordogne_ St. Etienne

St. Bertrand _Haute-Garonne_ H. M. de Comminges

St. Die _Vosges_

St. Lizier _Ariege_ H. M.

St. Lo _Manche_ Notre Dame H. M.

St. Malo _Ille-et-Vilaine_

Ste. Marie _Basses-Pyrenees_

St. Omer _Pas-de-Calais_ Notre Dame H. M.

St. Papoul _Aude_ H. M.

St. Paul Trois _Drome_ H. M. Chateaux

St. Pol de Leon _Finisterre_ H. M.

St. Servan _Ille-et-Vilaine_ St. Pierre d'Aleth

Sarlat _Dordogne_ H. M.

Seez _Orne_ Notre Dame H. M.

Senez _Basses-Alpes_ H. M.

Senlis _Oise_ Notre Dame H. M.

Sisteron _Basses-Alpes_

Soissons _Aisne_ Notre Dame H. M.
St. Gervais
St. Protais

Tarbes _Hautes-Pyrenees_ Eglise de la Sede H. M.

Toul _Meurthe_ St. Etienne H. M.

Toulon _Var_ Ste. Marie-Majeur

Treguier _Cotes-du-Nord_ H. M.

Uzes _Gard_ St. Thierry

Vabres _Aveyron_

Vaiso _Vaucluse_ H. M.

Versailles _Seine-et-Oise_ St. Louis

Vence _Alpes-Maritimes_ H. M.

Vienne _Isere_ St. Maurice H. M.

V

_Chronology of the chief styles and examples of church building in the north of France from the Romano-Byzantine period to that of the Renaissance_

1050-1075 Nevers St. Etienne Distinct round-arch 1075-1100 Bayeux Notre Dame style Caen St. Etienne

1125-1150 Autun St. Lazare Pointed arch in
St. Denis (choir) vaulting and
1150-1175 Angers St. Maurice larger works, with
Paris Notre Dame the retaining of
Sens St. Etienne the round in the
smaller

1200-1225 Reims Notre Dame General adoption
Auxerre St. Etienne of the ogival
Troyes Sts. Peter and Paul style

1225-1250 Amiens Notre Dame The completed Dijon St. Benigne ogival style Bourges St. Etienne 1250-1275 Noyon Notre Dame (cloisters) 1300-1325 Rouen Notre Dame (lady-chapel) 1350-1375 Chartres Notre Dame

1425-1450 Auxerre St. Etienne (N. transept) Introduction of
Renaissance detail
1450-1475 Evreux Notre Dame (transepts in Italy and
and tower) elaboration of
Gothic in France

1475-1500 Rouen Notre Dame (S. W. Renaissance firmly
tower) grafted in Italy
Nevers St. Etienne (S. porch) and gradually
1500-1525 Beauvais St. Pierre (S. transept) appearing in the
Chartres Notre Dame (N. W. Gothic of France
spire)

1525-1550 Beauvais St. Pierre (N. transept)
Amiens Notre Dame (fleche)

1550-1575 Beauvais St. Pierre (central tower Renaissance firmly since destroyed) established 1600-1625 Orleans Ste. Croix

VI

_Dimensions and Chronology_

NOTRE DAME D'AMIENS

_Dimensions_

Length of nave and choir, 469 feet

Width including transepts, 214 feet

Width of nave, 59 feet

Width of aisles, 33-1/2 feet

Height of nave, 141 or 147 feet, estimated variously

Height of aisles, 65 feet

Length of choir, 135 feet

Width of nave including aisles, 150 feet

Length of transepts, 194 feet

Width of transepts, 36 feet, 6 inches

Height of spire, 422 feet

Superficial area, 70,000 square feet (approx.)

_Chronology_

Nave and choir, 1220-1288

Choir stalls, 1520

Western towers completed, 1533

Lateral chapels of nave, XVIth century

Choir chapels, XIIIth century

ST. MAURICE D'ANGERS

_Dimensions_

Length of nave and choir, 300 feet

Width of transepts, 40 feet

Height of transepts, 80 feet

Height of nave, 110 feet

Width of nave, 53 feet

Height of spires, 225 feet

_Chronology_

Lower walls, Romano-Byzantine

Main body completed, 1240

Choir, XIIth century

Bishop's Palace, XIIth century

Arras tapestries, XIVth century

Choir doorway, XIIIth century

(Recently restored by Viollet-le-Duc)

ST. VAAST D'ARRAS

_Dimensions_

Length of nave and choir, 302 feet

Height of nave, 66-1/2 feet

Width of nave, 49 feet

Height of tower, 154 feet

_Chronology_

Former Cathedral of Notre Dame begun, end of XIIth century

Former Cathedral of Notre Dame completed, 1499

Present Cathedral of St. Vaast, 1755-1833

Triptych of Bellegambe in present Cathedral, 1528

Former Abbey of St. Vaast, now Episcopal Palace since 1754

ST. LAZARE D'AUTUN

_Dimensions_

Height of spire, 325 feet

_Chronology_

Transition portion constructed by Robert I., Duke of Burgundy, 1031-1076

Spire, XVth century

Sculpture of choir, XVIth century

Flamboyant chapels, XVIth century

AUXERRE

_Chronology_

Crypt (remains of early work), XIth century

Choir and glass, 1215-1234

Western portals, XIIIth century

Nave, 1334-1373

North transept, 1415-1513

N. W. tower, 1525-1530

Iron _grille_ of choir, XVIIIth century

NOTRE DAME DE BAYEUX

_Dimensions_

Central belfry, 300 feet

Length interior, 335 feet

Height interior, 74 feet, 9 inches

Height of western towers, 252 feet

_Chronology_

Odo's crypt, XIth century

Circular arches of nave, late XIth or early XIIth century

Portals of west facade, XIIIth century

Chasuble of St. Regnobert, gift of St. Louis, 1226

Date of tapestry (in inventory of church property), 1476

ST. PIERRE DE BEAUVAIS

_Dimensions_

Height of nave, 150 feet

Height of original spire, which fell in 1573, 486 feet

Area of choir, about 28,000 square feet

_Chronology_

The Basse OEuvre, VIth to VIIIth centuries

Present building begun, 1225

Dedicated, 1272

Roof fell, 1284

South transept begun, 1500

North transept begun, 1530

North transept finished, 1537

Central spire fell, 1573

Ancient Bishop's Palace, now Palais de Justice, XIVth to XVIth centuries

ST. ETIENNE DE BOURGES

_Dimensions_

Length, 405 feet

Width, 135-1/2 feet

Height of nave, 124-1/2 feet

Height of inner aisle, 66 feet

Height of outer aisle, 28 feet

Height north tower, 217-1/2 feet

Height south tower, 176 feet

Superficial area, 73,170 square feet (approx.)

_Chronology_

Dedicated, 1324

Sepulchre, 1336

Crypts, XIIth century

North tower, 1508-1538

Tower St. Etienne completed, 1490

Tower St. Etienne fell, 1506

Choir stalls, 1760

ST. ETIENNE DE CHALONS-SUR-MARNE

_Chronology_

Tower next north door, Romano-Byzantine

Part of nave and choir, Ogival primaire

Aisle and chapels of apse, XIVth century

Apse restored, after fire, in 1672

NOTRE DAME DE CHARTRES

_Dimensions_

Length nave and choir, 430 feet

Width, 110 feet

Length nave only, 121 feet

Width nave, 46 feet

Width nave aisles, 19 feet

Height nave, 106 feet

Length transepts, 202 feet

Width transepts, 70 feet

Height of north spire, 403 feet

Height of south spire, 365 feet

Rose window, diameter, 40 to 43 feet

Area, 65,000 square feet (approx.)

_Chronology_

Wooden church burned, 1020

Crypt under chevet of choir, 1029 (only remains of original church)

Work of rebuilding stopped, 1048

South portal erected, 1060

Work aided by Matilda, queen of William I., 1083

Lower portion of main body built, 1100-1150

Western towers, 1145

Fire damaged greater part, 1194

Vaulting completed, 1220

Porches of transepts added, 1250

Building consecrated, October 17, 1260

Sacristy and screen in crypt, XIIIth century

North spire burned, 1506

Texier's spire erected, 1507-1515

Texier's spire repaired, 1629

South spire repaired, 1754

Belfry and roof burned (vaulting unharmed), 1836

NOTRE DAME D'EVREUX

_Dimensions_

Length, 368 feet, 6 inches

Transept, length, 112 feet

Transept, width, 23 feet

_Chronology_

Church consecrated, 1076

Church burnt, 1119

Northwest tower foundations laid, 1352

Northwest tower completed, 1417

North transept, XVIth century

Nave, early XIIth to late XVth century

Choir, XIVth century

Lady-chapel, XIIIth century

NOTRE DAME DE LAON

_Dimensions_

Length of nave and choir, 351 feet

Height of nave, 80 feet

Width of nave, 67 feet, 7 inches

Length of transepts, 174 feet

Width of transepts, 35 feet, 9 inches

Height of western towers, 173 feet

Height of southwest tower and spire (formerly), 328 feet

Western circular window, 26 feet

Superficial area, 44,000 square feet (approx.)

_Chronology_

Original church burned, 1112

New edifice begun, 1114

Entirely rebuilt, 1190

General restoration, 1851

ST. JULIEN, LE MANS

_Dimensions_

Length of nave and choir, 369 feet

Width of nave and aisles, 78 feet

Width of choir, 123 feet

Height of choir, 108 feet

Area of choir, 30,000 square feet (approx.)

Length of transept, 178 feet

Width of transept, 32 feet

_Chronology_

West facade, XIth century

Transition, south portal, XIIth century

Nave and transepts reconstructed, XIIth century

Church extended beyond city walls, XIIIth century

Choir rebuilt, 1200

Choir restored, 1858

Coloured glass, XIIIth, XIVth, XVth centuries

Rose window, south transept, XVth century

Former Bishop's Palace destroyed by Germans, 1871

ST. ETIENNE DE MEAUX

_Dimensions_

Height of nave, 109 feet

Length of nave, 275 feet

Length of transepts, 120 feet

_Chronology_

Bishopric founded, 375 A.D.

Choir in part, XIIth century

Restored, 1852

ST. PIERRE DE NANTES

_Dimensions_

Height of western towers, 270 feet

Height of nave, 130 feet

_Chronology_

Remains of choir contains, XIIth century

Romanesque church rebuilt, XVth century

West front, 1434-1500

North transept and choir only completed in XIXth century

Tomb of Francois II. and Marguerite de Foix, 1507

Later restoration, 1852

NOTRE DAME DE NOYON

_Dimensions_

Length, 338 feet

Width of nave and aisles, 64 feet, 10 inches

Height of nave, 74 feet, 6 inches

Height of aisles, 28 feet, 9 inches

Height of choir, 26 feet, 3 inches

Height of towers, 200 feet

Superficial area, 30,000 square feet (approx.)

_Chronology_

First constructed, 989

Burnt, 1131

Rebuilding undertaken, 1137-1150

Choir, transepts, and nave completed, 1167-1200

Timber work burnt, 1293

Chapter-house built, XIIIth century

Five bays of cloister built, XIVth century

Restored under governmental supervision, 1840

ST. CROIX D'ORLEANS

_Dimensions_

Height of towers, 280 feet

Height of nave, 100 feet

_Chronology_

First bishops sent from Rome, IIIrd century

Cathedral destroyed by Huguenots, 1567

Chapels of nave which still remain, XIVth century

Late Gothic mainly of XVIIth century

Western towers completed, 1789

NOTRE DAME DE PARIS

_Dimensions_

Length, 390 feet

Width, 144 feet

Height of nave, 102 feet

Diameter of rose windows in transept, 36 feet

Superficial area, 64,100 square feet

_Chronology_

Founded by Bishop de Sully, 1160-1170

High altar dedicated, 1182

Interior completed (approx.), 1208

West front, 1223-1230

Western towers, 1235

Transept portals, 1257

NOTRE DAME DE REIMS

_Dimensions_

Western towers, 267 feet

Area, 65,000 feet (approx.)

_Chronology_

First stone laid, 1212

First portion dedicated, 1215

Chapter takes possession of choir, 1244

Nave commenced, 1250

Transept and abside ornamented, 1295

South tower begun and completed, 1380-1391

Coronation of Charles VII., 1427

Southwest tower completed by Philastre, 1430

Tapestries added to choir, 1444

Belfry of the Angel built, 1497

Gable of the Assumption and Zodiac, 1408

Reestablishment of grand altar, 1547

Repairs to portals and vaulting, 1610

Cathedral becomes national property, 1790

Exterior repairs and restoration, 1811

General restorations, 1840

2,083,411 francs voted by Chamber for restorations, 1875

Gifts of Gobelin tapestries, 1848

NOTRE DAME DE ROUEN

_Dimensions_

Length of nave and choir, 450 feet

Width, including transepts, 177 feet

Width of nave and aisles, 105 feet

Length of choir only, 118 feet

Height of nave, 92 feet

Height of central spire, 480 feet

Height of Tour de Beurre, 252 feet

Height of Tour St. Romain, 246 feet

Area (originally), 53,000 square feet

_Chronology_

First church founded on site of cathedral by St. Mellar, VIIth century

Cathedral enlarged under Rollo, who was buried therein in 930

Consecrated and dedicated, 1063

Tour St. Romain, remains of, XIth century

Destroyed by fire, 1200

New building completed, XIIIth century

Portail de la Calende, XIVth century

Tour de Beurre laid, 1487

Tour de Beurre completed, 1507

Flamboyant west front, XVIth century

Altar of St. Romain, XVIIth century

Tomb of the Cardinals, 1556

Central spire, 1823

Restoration of west front, 1897

ST. ETIENNE DE SENS

_Dimensions_

Length, 384 feet

Width, 124 feet

Height, 98 feet

Area, 44,000 square feet

_Chronology_

Relique of True Cross given by Charlemagne, 800 A. D.

Early church destroyed by fire, 970

New church dedicated, 997

Present building completed, 1168

Choir rebuilt, 1174

Present transept and nave, XIIth and XIIIth centuries

Glass in chapel of St. Savinien, XIIIth century

Glass of rose windows, XVIth century

Mausoleum of the Dauphin, XVIIIth century

BASILIQUE DE ST. DENIS

_Dimensions_

Length of nave and choir, 354 feet

Width, 133 feet

Clerestory windows (height), 33 feet

_Chronology_

Chapel first built above grave of St. Dionysius the martyr, 275 A. D.

Benedictine abbey first founded here in reign of Dagobert, 628

Pope Stephen took refuge here, 754

Romanesque facade, 1140

Consecration of the building, 1144

Nave, XIIIth century

Abbot Suger died, 1151

General restoration by Suger's successors, XIIIth century

Crenelated battlement added to facade, XIVth century

Spire burned by lightning, XIXth century

General restoration by Viollet-le-Duc, 1860

Louis XVI. and Marie Antoinette reinterred here (removed from the Madeleine), 1817

NOTRE DAME DE ST. OMER

_Dimensions_

The great bell of tower weighs 8,500 kilos.

_Chronology_

Bishopric founded, 1533

Astronomical clock, XVIth century

Tomb of St. Erkembode, VIIIth century

Tomb of St. Omer restored, XIIIth century

Former Episcopal Palace, now Palais de Justice, 1680

ST. GATIEN DE TOURS

_Dimensions_

Length of nave and choir, 256 feet

Width, 95 feet

_Chronology_

Choir begun, 1170

Tour Charlemagne, XIth century

Tour St. Martin, XIIth century

Transepts, 1316

West facade, 1430-1500

Southwest tower, 1507

Tomb of children of Charles VIII., 1483

ST. PIERRE DE TROYES

_Dimensions_

Length, 394 feet

Width, 168 feet

Height, 96 feet

Height northwest tower, 202 feet

_Chronology_

Apse and chapels, 1206-1223

Choir and transepts, 1314-1315

Iron _grille_ of choir, XIIIth century

Church consecrated, 1430

West facade, XVth century

Nave constructed during XIVth, XVth, XVIth centuries

North gable, XVth century

Tower St. Pierre, 1559-1568

Northwest tower demolished by lightning, 1700

Vaulting of transepts fell, 1840

Restoration of choir and transepts, 1840

VII

_The French Kings from Charlemagne Onward_

A. D.

Charlemagne 768

Louis le Debonnaire 814

Charles le Chauve 840

Louis II., le Begue 877

Louis III. 879

Carloman 879

Charles le Gros 884

Eudes 887

Charles III., the Simple 893

Robert I. 922

Rodolf of Burgundy 923

Louis IV., the Stranger 936

Lothaire 954

Louis V., le Faineant 986

Hugh Capet 987

Robert II., the Wise 996

Henry I. 1031

Philip I., l'Amoureux 1060

Louis VI., le Gros 1108

Louis VII., le Jeune 1137

Philip Augustus 1180

Louis VIII., the Lion 1223

Louis IX., the Saint 1226

Philip III., the Hardy 1270

Philip IV., the Fair 1285

Louis X., Hutin 1314

John I. 1316

Philip V. 1316

Charles IV., le Bel 1322

Philip VI., de Valois 1328

John II., the Good 1350

Charles V., le Sage 1364

Charles VI., the Beloved 1380

Charles VII., the Victorious 1422

Louis XI. 1461

Charles VIII. 1483

Louis XII., of Orleans 1498

Francis I. 1515

Henry II. 1547

Francis II. 1559

Charles IX. 1560

Henry III. 1574

Henry IV., the Great 1589

Louis XIII., the Just 1610

Louis XIV., le Grand 1643

Louis XV. 1715

Louis XVI. 1774

Revolutionary Tribunal 1793

Directory 1795

Napoleon, Consul 1799

Napoleon I., Emperor 1804

Louis XVIII. 1814

Charles X. 1824

Louis Philippe 1830

Republic 1848

Napoleon III., Emperor 1852

Republic 1870

VIII

_Measurements of the Cathedrals at Amiens and Salisbury_

(_Whittington_)

_Amiens_ _Salisbury_
_French feet_ _English feet_

Length east to west 415 452 Length west door to choir 220 246 Length behind choir, including lady-chapel 63 65 Length transepts north to south 182 210 Width nave 42.9 34.5 Width transept 42.9 Width side aisles 18 17.5 Width windows 41 48 Width nave and side aisles 78.9 102 Width west front 150 115 Height vault, nave 132 84 Height vault, choir 129 Height west towers 210 Height chapels 60 Height side aisles, nave 60.8 Height side aisles, choir 57.8 38 Distance between pillars 16 Height grand arches 78 78 Number of pillars 46 Number of chapels 25 Length of choir 130 140

(The old French foot is the equal of 1.06576 English feet.)

The above comparative measurements are given as being of the contemporary types of English and French cathedrals, being nearly approximate to each other as to the date of their erection and measurements. The figures themselves are transcribed from a little-known but thoroughly conscientious work by G. D. Whittington, entitled "Contributions to an Ecclesiastical Survey of France."

IX

_French Metres Reduced to English Feet_

Metres English feet and Metres English feet and Metres English feet and
decimal parts decimal parts decimal parts

1 3.281 20 65.618 300 984.270

2 6.562 30 98.427 400 1312.360

3 9.843 40 131.236 500 1640.450

4 13.123 50 164.045 600 1968.539

5 16.404 60 196.854 700 2296.629

6 19.685 70 229.663 800 2624.719

7 22.966 80 262.472 900 2952.809

8 26.247 90 295.281 1000 3280.899

9 29.528 100 328.090

10 32.809 200 656.180

X

_A Brief Glossary of architectural terms, with popular definitions, as applied to the components which compose the principal features of a cathedral church_

A Lady-chapel The principal chapel, usually behind the
high altar, at the extremity or eastern end
of choir, dedicated to Our Lady (Notre
Dame)

B Transept The middle portion of a church, which projects
at right angles with the main body
of nave and choir

C Porch Usually the vestibule or receding doorway

D Lantern or crossing Where the transept crosses and joins choir
and nave, usually with windows, if a lantern
proper

E Choir That portion of the edifice in which are
stalls for the choristers, and chapter, also
containing the _Maitre d'Autel_

F Ambulatory The aisles or colonnade which surround
the choir

G Chapels Literally a small place of worship containing
an altar. In a great church, which
may contain several, they are usually
dedicated to male and female saints

H Nave The main body of a church, extending from
the choir to the principal facade; _i. e._
that part between the outer aisles

I Aisles The lateral passage on either side of the
nave and separated therefrom by piers
or pillars

J Portal Literally, the framework of a doorway

K Abside The domed easterly end of a church

L Sacristy The apartment in which is kept the church
plate and vestments

A Nave aisle vaulting The arched roof of stone

B Nave vaulting The arched roof of stone

C Flying buttress A supporting outside prop of the thrust
variety. Notably a distinguishing feature
of mediaeval Gothic architecture

D Side aisle The passage which flanks the nave

E Buttress pier The outer support of a flying buttress

F Pinnacle On towers, buttress piers, gables, etc.

G Gargoyle A projecting water-spout carved grotesquely

H Niche A recess in a wall, or surmounting a pier;
primarily to hold a statue

A Clerestory The upper range of windows of the nave;
rising above the adjoining portions

B Triforium Literally, a blind window--a range of
openings, or possibly an arcade-effect
only, coming below the clerestory and
above the lower arches of the nave

C Arch (between nave and ai
Joining the piers or pillars which separate
nave from aisles

D Pillars (of nave) Commonly called pillars, columns, and
piers, but more often are literally pillars,
being made up of blocks of stone one
upon another

E Vaulting The stone arched roof

F West wall Here, in the true Gothic church, is usually
found a rose window, though often obscured
by the organ case

G Arcaded gallery A feature frequently seen in the interior of
great churches, as distinct from the triforium.
Either decorative or of practical
value

H Pavement The floor, always of stone, and often of
marble or mosaic

A Flying buttresses A thrust support, or prop, extending from
the main fabric to an outer pier

B Timber roof The timber or scantling above the nave,
which supports the outer tiled or leaden
roofing

C Nave The main body of a church

D Aisle The passage which flanks the nave

E Outer aisle A second or outer passage flanking the nave

F Stairway to roof of aisle
Stairways from the interior pavement, leading
to triforium, belfry, or roof

G Crypt In reality a lower or subterranean church
or chapel; from _crypta_, to hide

H Buttress pier The outer support of a flying buttress, or
one lying directly against the wall which
it strengthens

INDEX

Abelard, 94.

Acquitaine, 176, 211.

Adela, mother of King Stephen of Blois, 121.

Agrippa, 134.

Aisne, Department of the, 134.

Alencon, Bishop of, 307.

Alencon, Notre Dame d', 296-298.

Amboise, Cardinal d', 84, 90.

Amboise, Georges d', 85, 90.

Amiens, 32, 35, 37, 61, 62, 117, 129, 133, 200, 267, 272, 278.

Amiens, Bishop of, 65.

Amiens, Cathedral at, 140, 141, 384.

Amiens, Flying buttresses at, 67.

Amiens, Notre Dame d', 64, 69, 72, 366, 367.

"Ampoule, Sainte," The, 25, 143.

Angers, 119, 149.

Angers, Bishop's Palace at, 181.

Angers, Castle at, 175.

Angers, David d', 235.

Angers, St. Maurice d', 147, 173-182, 367, 368.

Angevine Churches, The, 215.

Angevine details at Le Mans, 115.

Angevine style of architecture, The, 176, 180.

Angouleme, 15.

Anjou, 115.

Anjou, Counts of, 175.

Anjou, Dukes of, 173, 181.

Anjou, Margaret of, 173.

Anne of Brittany, 169, 184.

Anne, Duchess (_see also_ Anne of Brittany), 188.

Antwerp, 126.

Architectural divisions of France, 34.

Ardennes, Department of the, 134.

Arles, 33.

Arras, 15, 184, 226.

Arras, Belfry at, 245;
Citadel of, 244;
Hotel de Ville, 245.

Arras, St. Vaast d', 242-246, 368.

Artois, 237, 242.

Assisi, St. Francis of, 188.

Attila, 132.

Attila, Attack on Aurelianum, 150.

Attila, Defeat at Chalons, 251.

Augustus, 134.

Aurelian, 150, 226.

Autun, 33, 257, 258.

Autun, St. Lazare d', 257-261, 368.

Auvergne, 151.

Auvergnat Churches, The, 215.

Auxerre, 215.

Auxerre, Bishops of, 194.

Auxerre, Episcopal Palace at, 195.

Auxerre, St. Etienne d', 191-196, 369.

Auxonne, Notre Dame d', 220.

Avignon, 33.

Avranches, 321.

Avranches, Notre Dame de, 326-328.

Azon, 307.

Baldwin of Hainault, 237.

Balzac, 164.

Bayeux, 285.

Bayeux, Odo, Bishop of, 311, 312.

Bayeux, Notre Dame de, 310-314, 369.

Bayeux, Tapestry of, 310, 311.

Beauvais, 13, 19, 20, 32, 35, 37, 61, 69, 117-119, 133, 200, 267.

Beauvais, Bishop of, 52, 303.

Beauvais, Romano-Byzantine work at, 75.

Beauvais, Cathedral of St. Pierre, 28, 70-76, 140, 369.

Beaux Arts, Departement de, 23, 340.

Beaux Arts, Palais des, 96.

Becket, St. Thomas a, 54, 280, 282, 327.

Bedford, Duke of, 90.

Belgica, Secunda, 132.

Bellegambe, 244.

Bellene, Count of, 307.

Belmas, Bishop, 235.

Benedictine Abbey at St. Denis, 93.

Berengaria, Queen, 113, 120.

Bernard de Soissons, 138.

Berry, Duc de, 96, 108.

Besancon, 27, 32, 223, 225.

Bethleem, Bishop of, 31.

Bishop's Palace, The (Amiens), 67.

Bishop's Palace, The, at Beauvais, 76.

"Black Angers," 174 (_see_ Shakespeare on Angers).

Blanche of Castile, 66, 169.

Blois, 18, 149, 210, 215.

Blois, Chateau of, 157.

Blois, Counts of, 121.

Blois, King Stephen of, 121.

Blois, St. Louis de, 156.

Bonn, Minster at, 50.

Borgia, Caesar, 182.

Borromee, 244.

Boulogne-sur-Mer, 223, 225.

Boulogne-sur-Mer, Notre Dame de, 231-233.

Bourasse, Abbe, 108, 211, 260, 279, 303.

Bourges, 33, 37, 61, 215.

Bourges, St. Etienne de, 139, 199-208, 370.

Brest, 348.

Bretagne, Duc de, 187.

Briceius, 165.

Brittany, 12, 20, 27, 32.

Brittany, Chancellor of, 182.

Brittany, Duchy of, 184.

Bruges, 262.

Burgundy, 258, 259, 262.

Byzantine influences at Bourges, 202.

Byzantine tendencies, 13;
conception, 27.

Caen, 285.

Caesar, burned Orleans, 150.

Calixtus II., 133.

Calvin (John), 51.

Cambrai, 15, 226.

Cambrai, Notre Dame de, 234-236.

Capet, Hugh, 51.

Carcassonne, 33.

Carlovingian Dynasty, The, 94.

Carrier, 183.

Cathedrals, The Grand, 23.

Cathedrals of the North, 26.

"Caveau Imperial," The, at St. Denis, 95.

Chalons (sur Marne), 132, 133, 226.

Chalons-sur-Marne, St. Etienne de, 251-253, 371.

Chambidge, Martin, 276.

Chambord, 18, 210, 214.

Champagne, Counts of, 274.

Chancellor of Brittany, 182.

Chantilly, Chateau of, 50.

Charlemagne, 51, 133, 282.

Charlemagne, Tour de, 165.

Charles of Anjou, 120.

Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, 262-263.

Charles (King), 212.

Charles V., 240, 282.

Charles VII., 30, 138, 144.

Charles VIII., 17, 169, 184.

Charles X., 24, 144.

Chartres, 20, 30, 33, 35, 61, 62, 113, 210, 215, 278, 338.

Chartres, Celtic foundation of, 124.

Chartres, Counts of, 121.

Chartres, Details at, 87.

Chartres, Jean de, 187.

Chartres, Notre Dame de, 121, 139, 140, 141, 371.

Chartres, Spires of Cathedral at, 125, 267.

Chaste Susanne, Painting of, 220.

Chateau of the Italian Dukes (at Nevers), 210.

Chateaux of the Loire, 18, 32, 148.

Chaucer's "Temple of Mars," 86.

Chaumont, 18.

Chenonceau, 18, 210.

Childeric, 132, 133.

Cires-les-Mello, 35.

Clamecy, 31.

Clement, Eudes, 99.

Clotilda, wife of Clovis, 133.

Clovis, 22, 30, 138, 139, 143, 144, 224.

Clovis, Baptism of, 133.

Coligny, 151.

Cologne, Apse-sided transepts at, 50.

Cologne, Cathedral at, 20, 37, 135, 141.

Colomb, Michel, 187, 332.

Colombiers, 315.

Commercy, Jacquemin de, 250.

Commission des Monuments Historiques, 35, 170, 176, 213.

Compiegne, Chateau of, 50.

Condes, The, 153.

Constant, 282.

Cormier, Jean, 129.

Corroyer, 349.

Coucy, Chateau of, 50.

Coutances, 267, 285, 286, 321.

Coutances, Notre Dame de, 321-325.

Creil, 35.

Croixmore, Abp. Robert de, 84.

Crusaders, The, 14.

Dagobert I., 93.

D'Arc, Jeanne, 151, 303.

Dauphins of France, The, 170.

Da Vinci, 157.

De Breze, Louis, 89.

De Breze, Pierre, 89.

De Caumont, "Abecedaire'd Architecture," 33, 349.

De Sauteuil, 106.

Descartes, 164.

Descent from the Cross, The (by Rubens), 239.

Devils of Notre Dame, The, 106.

Dieppe, 285.

Dijon, 27, 223, 258.

Dijon, St. Benigne of, 225, 262-265.

Dinan, 335.

Dol-de-Bretagne, Facade at, 98.

Dol-de-Bretagne, St. Samson de, 329-332.

Domenichino, 272.

Domfront, 321.

Douai, 244.

Du Bellay Langey, 120.

Dufetre, Mgr., 211.

Duroctorum, 132.

East of Paris, 221.

Eastern influences at Bourges, 202.

Ebo, Bishop of Reims, 136.

Edict of Nantes, The, 183.

Edward III., 129.

English characteristics of Gothic, 45, 68.

Estonteville, Cardinal d', 88.

Evreux, 32.

Evreux, Notre Dame d', 288-295, 372.

Exeter, 114.

Falise, 321.

Fenelon, 235, 236.

Fergusson, quoted, 12, 56, 126, 139.

Fiesole, Jerome de, 187.

Flemish school of painting, 244.

Flemish wood-carving, 90.

Florence, 33.

Flying buttresses, Notre Dame de Paris, 28;
Notre Dame d'Amiens, 28;
Tours, 167.

Foix, Marguerite de, 187.

Fouilloy, Evrard de, 65.

France, Architectural divisions of, 34.

France, Ecclesiastical capital of, 133.

France, Kings of, 24, 93, 383.

Francis I., 74.

Francis II., Tomb of, 187.

Franks, The, 22.

Franks, The Ripuarian, 133.

Franks, Invasion of, 132, 133, 224.

Frankish influence, 11.

Freeman, Prof. Aug., 113, 248, 311.

Frejus, 15.

French Flanders, 41.

French Gothic Architecture, 38.

French Mediaeval Architecture, 38.

French Revolution, The, 31, 43, 44, 52, 55, 96, 99, 103, 142, 184, 226.

Fulbert, Bishop of Chartres, 129.

"Gallery of Kings," at Amiens, 67.

Gallery of Kings, The (at Reims), 138, 178.

Gaucher, 138.

Geeraerts (of Antwerp), 235.

Genabum (of Gallia), 150.

Genoa, 157.

German manner of building, 27.

Ghent, 242, 262.

Gisors, 35.

Gobelin Tapestries, 76, 143.

Gonse, 349.

Good God of Amiens, The, 66.

Gothic, Development of, 14, 24;
Rudimentary, 16;
Anti, 18;
Non, 18.

Goujon, Jean, 89, 170.

Gourney, 35.

Grand Cathedrals, The, 12, 20, 35, 61-63.

Granville, 321.

Grouin, 345.

Guillaume of Sens, 225.

Guillaume Bras-de-Fer, 323.

Hachette, Jeanne, 76.

Haffreingue, Mgr., 233.

Henry I., 129, 133.

Henry II. (of France), 113, 166, 249.

Henry II. (of England), 282, 301, 325.

Henry IV., 30, 96, 133, 153, 183.

Henry of Navarre, 129.

House of the Kings, The, 144.

Hugh II., 215.

Hugo's "Notre Dame," 106.

Huguenots, The, 153, 195.

Humbert, Alberic de, 137.

Irene, Princess, 130.

Isle de la Cite, 105, 106.

Isle of France, 12, 27, 61.

Italian influences, 17.

Ivor (Bishop of Chartres), 212.

James (Henry), 163, 204.

Jean sans Peur, 265.

Jensen, Nicolas, 164.

Joannes, Abbe, 253.

John, Duke of Bedford, 90.

John the Baptist, 69.

Jovinus, Tomb of, 142.

Juste, 170.

"Kreisker," The (at St. Pol de Leon), 345.

La Hougue, 345.

Langres, 32.

Langres, La Montagne de, 218.

Langres, St. Mammes de, 218-220.

Laon, 20, 32, 41, 61, 325.

Laon, Notre Dame de, 43-46, 49, 139, 372-373.

Laon, Palais de Justice, 46.

Last Judgment, The (at Bourges), 204.

Le Mans, 32, 61, 62, 120, 121, 124, 168, 200, 210, 338.

Le Mans, German invasion of, 120.

Le Mans, Notre Dame de la Cloture, 180.

Le Mans, St. Julien, 113-120, 373, 374.

Leo III., 133.

Leo IX., 307.

Le Puy, 33.

Lescornel, 219.

Le Tellier, 144.

Le Veneur, Bishop, 292.

Libergier, 142.

Limoges, 151.

Lisieux, 285, 286, 301.

Lisieux, St. Pierre de, 301-304.

Loire, Cathedrals of the, 145.

Loire, Valley of the, 147, 148.

Loire, Chateaux of, 18, 32, 147.

Longsword, William, 89.

Lorraine, Abbe, 143.

Loudon, Geoffroy de, 118.

Louis le Debonnaire, 133.

Louis le Gros, 133.

Louis I., 136.

Louis VI., 94.

Louis XI., 208, 246.

Louis XII., 184.

Louis XII., Tomb of, at St. Denis, 19.

Louis XIV., 144.

Louis XVI., 96, 282.

Louis XVIII., 31, 96, 143.

Louis Philippe, 31.

Louviers, 127, 297.

Low Countries, The, 16, 20.

Lowell (James Russell), "A Day in Chartres," 126.

Lowell, Hon. E. J., 310.

Luitgarde, 165.

Luzarche, Robert de, 65.

Madeleine, The, 96.

Maid of Orleans, The, 81, 94, 144, 151.

Maine, 114.

Maine, Count of, 120.

Mainz, 214.

Mansard, 159, 240.

Margaret of Anjou, 173, 181.

Marie Antoinette, 96.

Marie de Medicis, 182.

Marie Louise, 95.

Marne, Department of, 132, 134.

Marne, River, 270.

Martel, Charles, 133.

Matilda, queen of William the Conqueror, 129, 310, 311.

Mazarin (Cardinal), 210.

Meaux, 270.

Meaux, St. Etienne de, 270-273, 374.

Medicis, Marie de, 182.

Mere de Dieu, 66.

Metz, 227, 248, 249.

Meyron, Etchings of, 106.

Montbray, Geoffroy de, 323.

Monthery, 89.

Mont St. Michel, 321, 337, 338;
Abbey of, 338.

Monuments, Historical, 23, 340.

Moorish type of architecture at Bourges, 201.

Moors of Spain, The, 202.

Moselle, Valley of the, 226.

Moulins, 36.

Musee des Petits Augustines, 96.

Nancy, 226.

Nancy, Cathedral at, 227.

Nantes, 20, 32, 148, 149.

Nantes, Edict of, 183.

Nantes, St. Pierre de, 183, 374, 375.

Naples, 157.

Napoleon I., 31, 103;
Marriage of, 95.

Napoleon III., 31, 99.

Narbonne, 151.

"Narthex, Burgundian," 258.

Netherlands, The, 14.

Neuss, Apse-sided transepts at, 50.

Nevers, 33, 277.

Nevers, St. Cyr and St. Juliette de, 209.

Nevers, St. Etienne de, 212, 216.

Nevers, The Pont du Loire, 209.

Nevers, Tour Gougin, 213;
Tour St. Eloi, 213.

Nicman, Archbishop, 136.

Nievre, Counts of, 210.

Nimes, 33.

Nivernais, The, 210.

Nogent-les-Vierges, 35.

Normandy, 115, 176.

Normandy, Duke of, 89.

Norsemen, The, 82.

Notre Dame d'Alencon, 296-298.

Notre Dame d'Amiens, 64-69, 72, 366, 367.

Notre Dame d'Auxonne, 220.

Notre Dame de Bayeux, 310-314, 369.

Notre Dame de Boulogne-sur-Mer, 231-233.

Notre Dame de Cambrai, 234-236.

Notre Dame de Chartres, 121, 139-141, 371.

Notre Dame de Coutances, 321-325.

Notre Dame d'Evreux, 288-295, 372.

Notre Dame de la Cloture (Le Mans), 180.

Notre Dame de Laon, 43-46, 372.

Notre Dame de l'Epine, 251.

Notre Dame de Noyon, 29, 49-53, 199, 375, 376.

Notre Dame de Paris, 28, 49, 101-107, 139, 140, 199, 376, 377.

Notre Dame de Reims, 132-144, 248, 249.

Notre Dame de Rouen, 37, 49, 79-90, 139, 338, 378, 379.

Notre Dame de St. Lo, 315-318.

Notre Dame de St. Omer, 237-241, 380.

Notre Dame de Senlis, 266-269.

Noviodunum, 51.

Noyades, The, 184.

Noyon, 20, 32, 41, 117, 127, 268.

Noyon, Notre Dame de, 29, 49-53, 199, 375, 376.

Odericus Vitalis, Bishop, 302.

Odon, 323.

Oise, The River, 50.

Onfroy, 323.

Orange, 184.

Oriflamme, The, 94.

Orleans, 33, 148, 149.

Orleans, Captured by Clovis, 151, 152.

Orleans Family, The, 169.

Orleans, German occupation of, 151.

Orleans, St. Croix d', 150-155, 376.

Orleans, The Maid of, 81, 94, 144, 151.

Palais de Justice, Beauvais, 76.

Parame, 335.

Paris, 20, 61, 267.

Paris, Documentary history of, 26.

Paris, East of, 221.

Paris, Notre Dame de, 28, 49, 101-107, 139, 140, 199, 217, 376, 377.

Paroissien, Poncelet, 142.

Pepersack Tapestries at Reims, The, 143.

Pepin, 94, 133.

Perigueux, 15, 33.

Perpetus, Bishop of Tours, 165.

Perreal, Jehan, 187.

Perrifonds, Chateau of, 50.

Philastre, Cardinal, 137.

Philippe Augustus, 24, 34, 117.

Philippe le Bon, 262.

Philippe le Hardi, 66, 265.

Picardy, 184.

Picardy, Patron Saint of, 69.

Plantagenets, Cradle of the, 173.

Poitiers, 33.

Poitiers, Diane de, 89.

Pont du Loire, Nevers, 209.

Pope Stephen, 94.

Portal de St. Honore (Amiens), 67.

Portal de la Vierge Doree (Amiens), 67.

Porte d'Arroux, Autun, 257.

Porte St. Andre, Autun, 257.

Provence, 211.

Quimper, 27, 32, 348.

Quimper, St. Corentin de, 348-350.

Rabelais, 164.

Rabida, "Bretagne" of, 338.

Raphael, Tapestry cartoons at S. Kensington, 76.

Reclus, 215.

Regnault, 187.

Regnier, Cardinal, 235.

Reims, 32, 35, 37, 128, 129, 224, 226, 278.

Reims, Baptism of Clovis at, 30.

Reims, Capture of, by Vandals, 132.

Reims, Cathedral at, 24.

Reims, Details at, 87.

Reims, Devastation at, 25.

Reims, Notre Dame de, 93, 132-144, 248, 249.

Reims, Portals of Cathedral, 66.

Reims, Roman remains at, 134.

Reims, St. Nicaise of, 82.

Remi, Capital of the, 132.

Renaissance, The, 16.

Renaissance Architecture at Bourges, 201.

Renaissance facade at Tours, 166, 167.

Renaissance wood-carving, 46.

Rene, King, 173, 175, 181.

Reni, Guido, 272.

Rennes, 15.

Revolution, The French, 31, 43, 44, 52, 55, 96, 99, 103, 142, 184, 226.

Rhine, The, 23, 27, 223.

Rhine Provinces, The, 14.

Rhone, The, 36.

Richard Coeur-de-Lion, 90, 113, 120.

Richard the Fearless, 83.

Rigobert, Bishop, 133.

Robert I., Duke of Burgundy, 258, 260.

Robert, son of Tancrede-de-Hauteville, 323.

Roger, son of Tancrede-de-Hauteville, 323.

Rohan, Cardinal de, 243.

Rollo, 82, 89.

Romanesque tendencies, 13, 27, 44;
types, 20, 21.

Roman power, Decline of, 26.

Roman remains at Reims, 134.

Romans, The, at Genabum (Orleans), 150.

Romano-Byzantine work at Beauvais, 75.

Romano-Byzantine nave at Le Mans, 115.

Rome, 33.

Rosary, Chapel of the (Soissons), 57.

Roscoff, 345.

Rouen, 19, 35, 37, 61, 62.

Rouen, Cathedral at, 37, 49, 79-90, 139, 338, 378, 379.

Rouen, Notre Dame de, 37, 49, 79-90, 139, 338, 378, 379.

Rouen, Tour de Beurre, 204.

Royal Domain, The, 223.

Royale, Rue (Tours), 163.

Royamont, 35.

Rubens, 235, 238.

Rubens, "Adoration" by (Soissons), 58.

Rumaldi, 136.

Ruskin on Rouen Cathedral, 85.

Ruskin, quoted, 72, 81, 128, 285, 302.

St. Aignan, 150.

St. Benigne (Monk of Dijon), 225.

St. Benigne (Cathedral), 262-265.

St. Bertin, Abbey of (St. Omer), 225, 240.

St. Brieuc, 339, 342.

St. Brieuc, Cathedral of, 342-344.

St. Corentin, Cathedral of, 27.

St. Corentin de Quimper, 348-350.

St. Croix, Abbey of, 318.

St. Croix d'Orleans, 150-155, 376.

St. Cyr and St. Juliette de Nevers, 209.

St. Denis, 19, 61.

St. Denis, Abbey of, 93.

St. Denis, Abbot of, 94.

St. Denis, Basilique de, 93-100, 379.

St. Denis, Church of (at St. Omer), 225.

St. Denis, Crypt of, 96.

St. Deodatus, 254.

St. Die, 226, 254-256.

St. Die (Cathedral), 255, 256.

St. Dionysius, 97, 98.

St. Etienne d'Auxerre, 191-196, 369.

St. Etienne de Bourges, 199-208, 370.

St. Etienne (Chalons-sur-Marne), 251-253, 371.

St. Etienne de Meaux, 270-273, 374.

St. Etienne du Mont (Paris), 15, 19.

St. Etienne de Nevers, 212, 216.

St. Etienne de Sens, 279-282, 379.

St. Etienne de Toul, 247-250.

St. Eustache, Church of, Paris, 196.

St. Fermin the Martyr, 67, 68.

St. Francis of Assisi, 188.

St. Gatien de Tours, 147, 163, 206, 381.

St. Gengoult, Church of (Toul), 248.

St. Germain, Church of (at Auxerre), 195.

St. Jean the Evangel, 218.

St. Jean des Vignes, Abbey of, 54.

St. John, 69.

St. Julien, Church of (at Tours), 169.

St. Julien, Le Mans, 113-120, 373, 374.

St. Laud, Bishop, 315.

St. Lazare d'Autun, 257-261, 368.

St. Lo, 285, 321.

St. Lo, Notre Dame de, 315-318.

St. Louis, 34, 66, 188, 314.

St. Louis, Arms of, 169.

St. Louis de Blois, 156.

St. Louis de Versailles, Cathedral of, 108.

St. Maclou, Church of (Rouen), 19, 81.

St. Malo, 335, 338.

St. Malo, Cathedral of, 336-338.

St. Mammes de Langres, 218-220.

Ste. Marguerite, 188.

St. Martin (of Tours), 165.

St. Martin, Tour de (at Tours), 165.

St. Maurice d'Angers, 147, 173-182, 367, 368.

St. Nazaire (Autun), 258.

St. Nicaise, 82, 136, 142.

St. Nicolas de Coutances, 325.

St. Mellor, 82.

St. Omer, 27, 223, 225.

St. Omer, Notre Dame de, 237 241, 380.

St. Ouen, Church of (Rouen), 15, 30, 80, 87, 241, 277.

St. Peter's, at Rome, 20.

"St. Peter's of the North," 71.

"St. Peter's of the South," 13.

St. Peter and Paul, Church of (at Tours), 165.

St. Pierre d'Aleth, 336.

St. Pierre de Beauvais, 28, 70-76, 140, 369.

St. Pierre de Coutances, 325.

St. Pierre de Lisieux, 301-304.

St. Pierre de Nantes, 183, 374, 375.

St. Pierre de Troyes, 274-278, 381, 382.

St. Pol de Leon, 255, 339, 345.

St. Pol de Leon, Cathedral of, 345-347.

St. Potentien, 279.

St. Quentin, Maze at, 131.

St. Remi, 31, 133, 134, 136.

St. Samson, 329-332.

St. Savinien, 279, 282.

St. Sepulchre, Church of (at St. Omer), 240.

St. Servan, 335, 338.

St. Sixte, 132.

St. Urbain, 275.

St. Vaast d'Arras, 242-246, 345, 368.

St. Yves, 341.

"Sainte Ampoule," The, 25, 143.

Salisbury, Cathedral at, 64, 384.

Salisbury, John of, 129.

Saracen type of architecture at Bourges, 201.

Seez, 61, 267, 277, 305.

Seez, Notre Dame de, 305-309.

Seine, The, 36, 106.

Seine and Loire (by J. M. W. Turner), 169.

Seine, Department of, 108.

Senlis, 266.

Senlis, Notre Dame de, 266-269.

Sens, 61, 279.

Sens, Guillaume of, 225, 280.

Sens, St. Etienne de, 279-282, 379.

Seville, Cathedral at, 20.

Shakespeare on Angers (in "King John"), 173.

Societe des Monuments Historiques, 35, 170, 176.

Soissons, 20, 32, 41, 117, 133, 268.

Soissons, Bombardment of, by the Germans, 56.

Soissons, Notre Dame de, 54-58.

South Kensington, 272.

Stephen, Pope, 136.

Stevenson (Robert Louis), 28, 42.

Strasbourg, 248.

Strasburg, Cathedral at, 126, 135, 227.

Suger, Abbot, The, 94, 97.

"Suisse, The," 80.

Tancrede-de-Hauteville, 323.

Tapestries at Angers, 181.

Tapestries at Bayeux, 310-311.

Tapestries at Le Mans, 120.

Tapestries at Reims, 142, 143.

Tapestries at Soissons, 58.

Tapestries from Raphael's cartoons (at Beauvais), 76.

Tapestry-making at Beauvais, 76;
at Paris; at Arras, 76, 242, 245, 246.

Tetricus, 226.

Texier, 126, 131.

"Therouanne, The Great God of," 240.

Torenai River, 258.

Torlonia, Prince Alex, 233.

Toul, 226, 247-250.

Toul, St. Etienne de, 247-250.

Toulouse, 151.

Tour d'Auvergne, Cardinal de la, 244.

Tour de Beurre (Rouen), 84, 89.

Tour de Charlemagne (at Tours), 165.

Tour de Hasting (at Treguier), 340.

Tour Gougin (at Nevers), 213.

Tour de l'Horloge (at Tours), 165.

Tour St. Eloi (at Nevers), 213.

Tour de St. Martin (at Tours), 165.

Touraine, Old, 163.

Tournai, 41.

Tours, 18, 33, 277.

Tours, Church of St. Peter and Paul, 165.

Tours, St. Gatien de, 147, 163, 206, 381.

Tours (St. Martin of), 165.

Tours, West front of St. Gatien, 74.

Transition examples, 39.

Transition Style of Architecture, The, 176.

Treguier, 32, 255, 339.

Treguier, Cathedral of, 339-341.

"Tresor," The, at Reims, 143.

"Tresor," The, at Troyes, 278.

"Tresor," The, at Sens, 282.

"Tresor," The, at Bayeux, 314.

Treves, 214.

Trianons, The, 108.

Troyes, 20, 61, 274, 275.

Troyes, St. Pierre de, 274-278, 381, 382.

Turner (J. M. W.), "Seine and Loire," 169.

Valence, 36.

Valois Branch of the Orleans Family, 169.

Vannes, 351.

Vannes, Cathedral of, 351, 352.

Vauban, 244.

Vaucluse, 184.

Vendome, Matthieu de, 99.

Versailles, Fountains at, 108.

Versailles, St. Louis de, 108.

Villeneuve, Bishop de, 193.

Villers-St.-Pol, 35.

Viollet-le-Duc, 83, 96, 99, 139, 181, 349.

Vire, River, 315.

Wellington, Duke of, 175.

Westphalia, Treaty of, 249.

William, Duke of Normandy, 323.

Winchester, Henry, Bishop of, 121.

Winchester, Prelate of, 303.

Wood-carving (at Amiens), 68.

Worms, 214.

Yonne, The River, 191.

Young, Arthur, 36, 209.