Chapter XVI: Appendix: A Classified Bibliography

Suggested collateral readings for further study in connection with the topics treated in each chapter of this book.

I. THE RURAL PROBLEM

_Its Development and Present Urgency_

Bailey, L. H., pp. 31-43 in "The Country Life Movement."

Butterfield, K. L., "The Rural Problem," chapter 1 in "The Country Church and the Rural Problem."

Butterfield, K. L., "Problems of Progress," chapter 2 in "Chapters in Rural Progress."

Anderson, W. L., "The Rural Partnership with Cities," chapter 2, in "The Country Town."

Anderson, W. L., "The Extent of Rural Depletion," chapter 3, in same.

Anderson, W. L., "Local Degeneracy," chapter 5, in same.

Roads, Charles, "Rural Christendom," chapters 3, 4 and 5.

Gillette, J. M., "Conditions and Needs of Country Life," pp. 3-11 in "Country Life."[46]

Hartman, E. T., "Village Problems and Characteristics," pp. 234-243 in same.[46]

Hibbard, B. H., "Farm Tenancy in the United States," pp. 29-39 in same.[46]

Cance, A. E., "Immigrant Rural Communities," pp. 69-80 in same.[46]

Plunkett, Sir Horace, "The Rural Life Problem in the United States." chapters 3-4.

II. COUNTRY LIFE OPTIMISM

_Rural Resources and the Country Life Movement_

Bailey, L. H., "Why Boys Leave the Farm" and "Why Persons Take to Farming," pp. 89-136 in "The Training of Farmers."

Bailey, L. H., "Country and City," chapter 2 in "The Outlook to Nature."

Butterfield, K. L., "The Solution of the Rural Problem," chapter 2 in "The Country Church and the Rural Problem."

Anderson, W. L., chapters 4, 6, 8, 11 and 12, in "The Country Town."

Carver, T. N., "Shall Rural People Set Their Own Standards?" pp. 370-4 in "Principles of Rural Economics."

Roads, Charles, "Present Relations of City and Country" and "A Great Future for Rural Districts," chapters 2 and 7 in "Rural Christendom."

Ogden, H., "Vital Statistics of Rural Life," chapter 1 in "Rural Hygiene."

Plunkett, Sir H., chapter 7 in "The Rural Life Problem of the United States."

Roosevelt, T., "Rural Life," in "The Outlook" for Aug. 27, 1910.

True, A. C., "The U. S. Dept. of Agriculture," pp. 100-109 in "Country Life."

Bailey, L. H., "The College of Agriculture and the State," pp. 219-263 in "The Training of Farmers."

Powell, E. P., "How to Live in the Country."

Washington, B. T., "How Denmark Has Taught Itself Prosperity and Happiness," in "The World's Work" for June, 1911.

III. THE NEW RURAL CIVILIZATION

_Factors That are Making a New World in the Country_

Kern, O. J., "The New Country Life," chapter 1 in "Among Country Schools."

Roads, Charles, "A Great Future for Country Districts," chapter 7, in "Rural Christendom."

Anderson, W. L., "New Factors," chapter 13 in "The Country Town."

Carver, T. N., "The Factors of Agricultural Production," chapter 3 in "Principles of Rural Economics," (also important paragraphs in chapter 2).

Langford, W., "What the Motor Vehicle is Doing for the Farmer," in "Scientific American," for Jan. 15, 1910.

Van Norman, H. E., "Rural Conveniences," pp. 163-7 in Mar. 1912 issue of the "Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science."

Dixon, S. G., "The Rural Home," pp. 168-174 in same.

Parker, Harold, "The Good Roads Movement," pp. 51-7 in same.

Hamilton, John, "Influence Exerted by Agricultural Fairs," pp. 200-10 in same.

Bailey, L. H., "Cyclopedia of American Agriculture," many fine articles in Volume IV on social conditions.

IV. TRIUMPHS OF SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURE

_The Oldest of the Arts Becomes a New Profession_

Carver, T. N., "Historical Sketch of Modern Agriculture," chapter 2 in "Principles of Rural Economics."

Carver, T. N., "The Factors of Agricultural Production," chapter 3 in the same.

Butterfield, K. L., "The New Farmer," chapter 4 in "Chapters in Rural Progress."

Bailey, L. H., "The Agricultural Shift," chapter 1 in "The State and the Farmer."

Davenport, Eugene, "Scientific Farming," pp. 45-50 in "Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science," March, 1912.

Hays, W. M., "Farm Development," especially "Irrigation," chapter 10.

Moorehead, F. G., "Efficiency on the Farm," in "Technical World," Aug., 1911.

Plunkett, Sir Horace, chapter 6 in "The Rural Life Problem of the United States."

V. RURAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTION

_Country Life Deficiencies, and the New Cooperation_

Bailey, L. H., "Community Life in the Open Country," pp. 97-133 in "The Country Life Movement."

Bailey, L. H., "Redirecting of Rural Institutions," pp. 111-135 in "The State and the Farmer."

Carver, T. N., "Principles of Rural Economics," chapter 6 on "Problems of Rural Social Life," and part of chapter 4.

Wilson, W. H., "Rural Decay and Repair" and "Cooperation and Federation," also "Rural Morality and Recreation," chapters 1, 4 and 5 in "The Church in the Open Country."

Butterfield, K. L., "Federation for Rural Progress," chapter 17 in "Chapters in Rural Progress," also chapter 10 in same, on "The Grange."

Eyerly, E. R., "Cooperative Movements Among Farmers," pp. 58-68, in March 1912 issue of "The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science."

Scudder, M. T., "Rural Recreation a Socializing Factor," pp. 175-190 in the same.

Johnson, G. E., "Education by Plays and Games," especially chapters 1 and 2.

Stern, R. B., "Neighborhood Entertainments."

Bancroft, "Games for the Playground, Home, School and Gymnasium."

Heatherington, C. W., "Play for the Country Boy," in "Rural Manhood" for May, 1911.

VI. EDUCATION FOR COUNTRY LIFE

_How Efficient Rural Citizenship is Developed_

Foght, H. W., "The American Rural School," entire; especially chapter 15 on "Consolidation of Schools."

Kern, O. J., "The Rights of the Country Child," chapter 2 in "Among Country Schools."

Butterfield, K. L., "The Rural School and the Community," chapter 9 in "Chapters in Rural Progress."

Zellar, J. W., "Education in the Country for the Country," in the 1910 Report of the National Education Association.

Bailey, L. H., "The School of the Future," chapter 3 in "The Outlook to Nature"; also "The Nature Study Idea."

Bailey, L. H., "The Developing of Applicable Education," pp. 135-172 in "The State and the Farmer."

Wilson, W. H., "Schools for Country Life," chapter 3 in "Church in the Open Country."

Foght, H. W., "The Library and Rural Communities," chapter 13, in "The American Rural School."

Miller, L. K., "Children's Gardens."

"Rural Manhood," rural education number, Sept., 1912.

Gold, G. D., "The Psychology of the Country Boy," in "Rural Manhood" for April, 1911, and April, 1912.

VII. RURAL CHRISTIAN FORCES

_The Community-Serving Church and Its Allies_

Anderson, W. L., "The Preservation of the Church" and "The Church as a Social Center," chapters 16 and 17 in "The Country Town."

Butterfield, K. L., "The Task of the Country Church" and "Difficulties and Suggestions," chapters 3 and 4 in "The Country Church and the Rural Problem."

Fiske, G. W., "The Function of the Country Church," chapter 5 in "The Rural Church and Community Betterment."

Wilson, W. H., "Church and Community," chapter 2 in "The Church in the Open Country."

Wells, G. F., "The Rural Church," pp. 131-9 in March, 1912, "Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science."

Wells, G. F., "The Country Church and Social Service," in Nov. 1910 issue of "The Gospel of the Kingdom."

Roads, Charles, "Rural Christendom."

Ashenhurst, J. O., "The Day of the Country Church."

Beard, A. F., "The Story of John Frederick Oberlin."

Tipple, E. S., "Some Famous Country Parishes."

Roberts, A. E. and Israel, Henry, "The Rural Work of the Y. M. C. A.," pp. 140-8 in March, 1912, "Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science."

VIII. COUNTRY LIFE LEADERSHIP

_The Challenge to College Men and Women_

Butterfield, K. L., "The Call of the Country Parish," chapter 5 in "The Country Church and the Rural Problem."

Foght, H. W., "The Rural School Teacher," pp. 69-115 in "The American Rural School."

Educational Review, October issue 1910, on "Ways in Which the Higher Institutions May Serve Rural Communities."

Roberts, A. E., "Leadership," pp. 133-143 in "The Country Church and Rural Welfare."

Bailey, L. H., "Woman's Contribution to the Country Life Movement," pp. 85-96 in "The Country Life Movement."

Butterfield, K. L., "Opportunities for Farm Women," chapter 11 in "Chapters in Rural Progress."

Woolley, M. E., "The College Woman as a Home Maker," article in "The Ladies' Home Journal," Oct. 1, 1910.

Bailey, Butterfield, et al., "Report of the Country Life Commission."

Israel, Henry, "The Basis of Appeal for County Work," in "Rural Manhood" for January, 1912.

Fiske, G. W., "Religious Teaching in the Country," in "Rural Manhood" for March, 1911.

Pontius, J. W., "College Men and Rural Evangelism," in "Rural Manhood" for February, 1912.

Footnotes:

[1] This loss however was in the early half of the decade, as the state census shows.

[2] For the year ending March 31, 1910, 103,798 immigrants from the United States settled in western Canada, while only 59,790 came from Great Britain and Ireland. The wealth of the immigrants settling in western Canada during the five years previous to that date was estimated as follows. British, cash, $37,546,000; effects, $18,773,000. From United States, cash, $157,260,000; effects, $110,982,000.--_The Toronto Globe_, July 27, 1912.

[3] "The Country Town," p. 76.

[4] Principles of Sociology, Giddings, p. 348.

[5] "The Church in the Open Country," p. 9.

[6] _The Survey_, March 2, 1912. "The Nams; the Feeble-minded as Country Dwellers." Charles B. Davenport. Ph.D.

[7]

New England Towns Losing Population 1890 1910 Total towns
(in 1910)
Maine 348 291 523
New Hampshire 152 163 224
Vermont 187 156 229
Massachusetts 154 123 321
Rhode Island 12 8 32
Connecticut 79 48 152
--- --- ----
932 789 1481

[8] The writer wishes to make it quite clear that he is thinking, in this discussion, merely of the boys and girls who _ought_ to stay on the farm. Unquestionably many of them must and should go to the city. This book pleads merely for a _fair share_ of the farm boys and girls to stay in the country,--those best fitted to maintain country life and rural institutions. Country life must be made so attractive and so worth-while that it will be to the advantage of more of the finest young people to invest their lives there. Every effort should be made to prevent a boy's going from the farm to the city, provided he is likely to make only a meager success in the city or possibly a failure.

[9] Yet in a class of 115 college men at the Lake Geneva Student conference in June, 1912, a surprising number stated that they had suffered a similar experience as boys at home, though usually at times when the farm work was particularly pressing. One claimed that he had driven a riding cultivator by moonlight at 2 A. M.

[10] Quoted by M. Jules Meline (Premier of France) in "The Return to the Land."

[11] "The Rural Life Problem of the United States," p. 47.

[12] By Edwin Osgood Grover, the son of a country minister.

[13] Some allowance should be made for the possibility of students enrolling from a small city who actually live on a suburban farm.

[14] "The Country Town," p. 185.

[15] "Rural Christendom." Roads. p. 84.

[16] H. W. Quaintance. in Cyc. of Am. Agric. IV; p. 109.

[17] Publication of the Amer. Econ. Assn. V; pp. 817-821.

[18] The financial results of these improvements in farm machinery will not at all surprise us. It follows as a matter of course that machinery has greatly reduced the cost of production. A leading agricultural engineer at Washington is authority for this comparison. In 1830 a bushel of wheat represented over three hours of labor; while in 1896 only ten minutes; making a saving in the labor cost of producing wheat equal to the difference between 17 3-4 and 33 1-2 cents. In 1850 it required 4 1-2 hours labor to produce a bushel of corn; while in 1894 it was reduced to 41 minutes. Likewise the labor represented in a ton of baled hay has been reduced from 35 1-2 hours in 1860 to 11 1-2 in 1894; reducing the labor cost of a ton of hay from $3 to $1.29.

It has been estimated that the use of agricultural machinery saved in human labor in this country alone, in the year 1899, the vast sum of about seven hundred million dollars, with doubtless a great increase the past decade. No wonder American farmers are spending a hundred million dollars a year for their implements, and for this very reason have outstripped the farmers of the world, not only in the vast amount of production, but also in the increased comforts and satisfactions of farm life.

[19] George Manikowske, Mooreton, N. D.

[20] See Genesis 3:17-19.

[21] Report of the U. S. Sec. of Agric. for 1910. p. 11.

[22] "Brains that Make Billions." W. M. Hays, in _Saturday Evening Post_, Aug. 29, 1908.

[23] However, let us not jump to the conclusion that general farming to-day is highly profitable. Inflation of farm values in many sections has resulted in serious over-capitalization. The general farmers making big dividends bought their farms some years ago, or inherited them.

[24] Cyc. of Am. Agri., Vol. IV.

[25] Doubtless this single fact would account for the loss in population in many townships. There are just as many families as ever but a lower birthrate.

[26] "The Church of the Open Country," p. 79.

[27] Rural Manhood, Vol. I, p. 22.

[28] "Rural Recreation, a Socializing Factor." Annals of the Am. Acad. of Pol. and Soc. Sci., March, 1912; p. 189.

[29] "Rural Recreation, a Socializing Factor," p. 190.

[30] Annals of the Am. Acad. of Pol. and Soc. Sci., March, 1912, p. 61.

[31] Of course country children should also be taught much about city life; city children should be taught about country life, and in the main the standard curriculum will be the same. The point to be made here is the exceedingly important one that rural schools must be made to fit the boys and girls for happy and efficient life in rural communities. This is the specific task of the country school.

[32] "The American Rural School," p. 323.

[33] "The Country Town," p. 299.

[34] In several of the stronger denominations, and, in general, east of the Allegheny Mountains, the proportion is much higher.

[35] Yet an earnest young college student in an Indiana college asked my advice recently on this significant personal problem. He is anxious to consecrate his life to the ministry of the country church, but his particular sect does not believe it right to pay salaries to their ministers; so he asked advice as to whether he should earn his living by farming or school teaching,--while _giving_ his services as pastor and preacher! Quite possibly in such a church a salary of $1000 might actually handicap a pastor's influence; but mainly with the conservative older people.

[36] For an authoritative statement of the County Work program and principles written by International Secretaries Roberts and Israel, see "Annals of the Amer. Acad. of Polit. and Soc. Sci." for March, 1912, pp. 140-8.

[37] "The Country Church and the Rural Problem," p. 146.

[38] "The Annals of the Am. Acad. of Pol. and Soc. Sci.," March, 1912, p. 177.

[39] "Country Life," p. 155.

[40] "The Country Church and the Rural Problem," p. 131.

[41] Forty-six out of 166 medical colleges have been closed in very recent years and the entrance requirements of many others raised, with a strong tendency to make a college course prerequisite.

[42] Also a few of the _third_ generation. For eighty years Oberlin has offered women, equally with men, its privileges of higher education; and in 1908 conferred the honorary degree of doctor of divinity upon a distinguished woman-minister, an alumna both in arts and theology a half century before.

[43] Disciples, Congregational, Methodist Episcopal, Unitarian, Baptist, Universalist, Free Baptist, Free Methodist, Evangelical Association, Christian Brethren, Methodist Protestant, Christian, Evangelical Lutheran, Seventh Day Baptist, Wesleyan Methodist, Dunkard, United Brethren, Methodist Episcopal South, Presbyterian and African Methodist Episcopal.

[44] Ninety-five and two-tenths per cent. of the 300,000 rural homes in Ohio last year had no bathtub.

[45] From "The Religion Worth Having," Thomas Nixon Carver, p. 137.

[46] Issue of the "Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science," March, 1912.

INDEX

INDEX

Abandoned farms, 6

Adelbert College, 227

Agriculture, scientific, 95, 98-109
government patronage of, 246-8
triumphs of scientific, 91-113
teaching of, 163, 241-8, 251
U. S. Department of, 96-8

Agricultural colleges, 37, 51, 167-9, 231, 246-8, 251
professions, opportunities in, 246-8
societies, 50

Allies of the country church, 203-220

Anderson, W. L., 11, 43, 174

Animals and plants, breeding of, 100-4

Automobiles in the country, 72-4

Bailey, L. H., 22, 41, 42, 56

Bible study in the country, 206

Birth rate and rural depletion, 127

Boardman, J. R., 134

Boston University Law School, 242

Bowdoin College, 226

Boys and girls and the farm, 22

Breeding, achievements in scientific, 100-4

Burbank, L., 102

Business cooperation, 122, 139-145

Butterfield, K. L., 117, 120, 218-9, 237

California Fruit Growers' Exchange, 143

Canada, 10, 101, 102, 157-8, 164, 253, 256

Carver, T. N., 76, 98, 122, 187, 263

Cazenovia church, 214

Challenge to college men, 227-49
to college women, 249-63
to faith, 27
of the difficult, 45-7

Christian forces, rural, 173-223

Church in the country, necessity for, 173-4
opportunity and function of, 173-183
elements of weakness, 183-5
factors which determine its efficiency, 185-203
types of success, 213-19
must serve its community, 189-91

Church efficiency, 178
equipment, 200
finances, 198-200
ideals, old and new, 176
unity and federation, 193-5

City, the, xii, 46, 152-4, 230-1
and country, 4, 18, 25, 46, 63-5
and its boys, 33, 37

City life drawbacks, 39

Cities, growth of, 4

Clark, F. E., 47

College graduates in the country:
men, 227-249
women, 249-264

Colleges, xiii
agricultural, 37, 51, 167-9, 231, 246-8
relation of to rural problem, 227
neglect of rural needs, 228
and rural leadership, 227-264

Columbia University Law School, 242, 243

Comenius, 165

Commission on country life, the, 51-56

Community building, 248
festivals, 136

Communities, classification of, 2

Conservation, 109

Consolidation of schools, 157-61

Cooperation in country communities, 84, 130-148, 218-30, 248, 249
in rural Denmark, 144-5
failures in, 121-5, 184

Cornell University, 227
agricultural department, 36, 38, 41, 245
law school, 242

Country boy, the, xii, 20, 22-25, 42, 154, 234

Country Boy's Creed, 35

Country life leadership, 223-266
movement, 18, 48-63, 86-7, 111, 233
attractiveness, 41, 86
deficiencies, 117-130
optimism, 33-59

Country, privilege of living in, 39

Country church evolution, stages in, 175

County work of the Y. M. C. A., 132, 167, 207-11

County secretary's opportunity:
men, 249-51
women, 261-3

Curriculum for rural high school, 162

Davenport, C. B., 16

Deaconess work, 256

Decadence, rural, 7
stages of, 13

Degeneracy, in city and country, 12, 14-17

Denmark, cooperation in, 144

Depletion, rural, 7, 11, 17

District nurse association, 252

District school system, 155

Doctors, need of country, 241, 251-3

Drudgery, emancipation from, 74-82

Dryden, John, 101

Dry farming possibilities, 107-8

Economics, household, 234
and country church, 187

Education for country life, 151-170
rural, 20, 82-3, 151-68, 231-4, 250

Educators, the call for rural, 232-4
women, 250

Efficiency, urban and rural, 91

Electricity on the farm, 79-81

Evergreen Sporting Association, 133

Eyerly, E. K., 142

Farm development, 92-3
life, 45-7
machinery, evolution of, 75-80

Farmers' Alliance, 50, 121

Farmers, conservatism of, 93-4, 118
needs of, 52
difficulty of organizing, 120
political ineffectiveness of, 121

Farmers' Institutes, 167

Farmers' National Congress, 50

Farmer's wife, neglect of the, 257

Foght, H. W., 156, 160, 234

Franklin, B., 49

Fruit growers, cooperation among, 141

Gardens, rural school, 163-5

Giddings, 12, 18

Girls in country, 20, 23, 24, 28, 261

Government cooperation, 167

Grange, the, 50, 137-8

Grinnell College, 237

Grover, E. O., 35

Gulick, L. H., 128

Hartt, R. L., 12

Harvard Medical School, 239

Hatch Act, the, 96-7

Hays, W. M., 100

Hill, J. J., 109

Hillsdale College, 227

Homes, remodeling rural, 259

Household economics, 257

Hutchins, H. L., 13

Illinois, University of, 227
agricultural department, 37-8

Immigrants and cooperation, 143

Indiana school law, 160

Individualism, rural, 117-120

Interdenominational commissions, 194-5

Irrigation, 104-8

Irvine, Dean, 242

Irving, W., 43

Isolation, triumph over, 65-74

Israel, Henry, 211

Kansas, University of, 226

Kern, O. J., 161

Law faculties quoted, 244-5

Lawyers, country, 244-6

Librarian, opportunity of the village, 256

Libraries, public, 134, 166, 256

Leadership, city, xi, 1, 230
country, 120-1, 227-265, 231
woman's, in the country, 249-64

Literature, rural, 166-7, 264-75

Machinery, agricultural, 74-81
power, 79

Maclaren, Ian, 243

Manikowski, G., 79-81

Mann, Horace, 155

Mann, A. R., 245

Marietta College, 226

Marshall county churches, 125

Masculine church leadership, 201

Massachusetts Agricultural College, 37, 38, 168

McElfresh, F., 207

Means, Dean, 242

Medical faculties, quoted, 241-4
rural practice 241-4

Meyer, Dean, 248

Michigan University Law School, 242

Minimum wage for rural ministers, 198

Ministry, the rural, 196-9
the call to, 235-40
the modern type of, 237
women in the, 253

Missouri, University of, agri. dept., 37, 199

Morality and the play spirit, 129

Mormon irrigation work, 106

Nam's Hollow case, 15

Nature, partnership with, 43

Neighborhood house, 133, 257

New England, 8, 9, 17

New rural civilization, the, 117-145

Newspapers, 72

New York State College of Agriculture, 36, 45, 168, 245

North Carolina Agricultural College, 37

Nurses, need of, in country, 252

Oberlin College and Seminary, 230, 237, 254

Oberlin, J. F., 68, 188, 216-18

Ohio Medical School, 240

Ohio State University, 227

Pacific University, 226

Pastors, few resident in country, 253

Patrons of industry, 50

Pepin County Cooperative Co., 139

Physicians, call for country, men, 240-4
women, 251-3

Physicians and Surgeons, College of, 240

Plainfield church, 214-5

Play, the gospel of, 134, 233

Playground Association of America, 135

Plow, evolution of the, 77-9

Plunkett, Sir H., 26, 144, 152

Political ineffectiveness of farmers, 121

Power of machinery on the farm, 79-81

Princeton University, 226

Quaintance, H. W., 74

Railroads, steam and electric, 69

Reading courses for farmers' wives, 257

Recreation and organized play, 128, 233-4

Religious cooperation, lack of, 123
plans for, 193-5

Right Relationship League, 141

Roads, C., 70

Roads, country, 13, 68-70

Roberts, A. E., 211

Robertson, J. W., 157

Roosevelt, T., 40, 51-3, 135

_Rural Manhood_, 135, 167

Rural problem, the, 2, 19, 1-32, 51-4
losses, 5, 7, 8, 11
gains, 5, 8
degeneracy, 12, 14-17
contentment, 35-36, 65
sincerity and neighborliness, 44
self-respect, 63-5
individualism, 117-120
progress, 54, 63, 86-7, 134, 110-1
culture centers, 258
agencies for betterment, 56-8, 84-6
postal service, 71
opportunities for social reconstruction, 117-145
morals and recreation, 125

Rural progress associations, 133

Saunders, W., 102

School, rural problems of the, 156-8
inferior equipment and support, 154
building, 156-7, 161-2
centralization, 157-61
a social center, 137

School improvement leagues, 165

School teachers, men, 231-3, 250
women, 250

Scientific agriculture, 91-117

Scudder, M. T., 136, 230

Secretary, County Work, 249-59, 263

Sectarian divisions, 192, 193, 196

Smythe, W. E., 105

Social reconstruction, 117-145

Social consciousness, the new rural, 83

Social life, lack of, 125-7
plans for, 134-7

Socialization, community, 130-2, 189
initiative in, 132
plan for, 133

South, country life in the, 64, 204

Stone, H. F., 243

Strong, Josiah, 13, 17, 229

Student recruits for the ministry, 237

Student volunteer bands, 237

Stanford University, 226

Sunday-schools, rural, 203-7

Surveys, community, 202

Swaney School, the, 161-2

Teachers in country schools, 152-4, 232-4, 250

Telephones, rural, 66-8

Text-books, 152-3

Theological study for women, 255

Trolleys, rural, 70

United Christian forces, 191

Unsocial streak, rural, 118-9

Urbanizing of rural life, 20, 152-4

Washington, George, 49

Washington State College of Agriculture, 244

Whitman College, 226

Williams College, 226

Wilson, W. H., 14, 128, 163, 198, 202, 253

Woman's opportunity in rural leadership, 249-263
responsibility in rural education, 250

Women, nurses and physicians, 251
in the service of the church, 253-5
college graduates, 254-64

Young Men's Christian Associations, 132, 167, 207-211, 248-251

Young Women's Christian Associations, 212, 261-3

Transcriber's Notes:

Passages in italics are indicated by _underscore_.

The following misprints have been corrected:
"and and" corrected to "and" (page 14)
"diffierent" corrected to "different" (page 49)
"Institions" corrected to "Institutions" (page 62)
"superstitution" corrected to "superstition" (page 71)
"progessive" corrected to "progressive" (page 81)
"rang" corrected to "range" (page 102)
"cooperation" standardized to "cooperation" (page 119)
"Univercity" corrected to "University" (page 246)
"cooperatoin" corrected to "cooperation" (Index)
"Kearn" corrected to "Kern" (index)

Other than the corrections listed above, printer's inconsistencies in spelling and hyphenation have been retained.

Punctuation has been corrected without note.