Chapter XXX: Appendix: C (2)

[49] H. H. Ploss, _Das Kind in Brauch und Sitte der Völker_, vol. ii., p. 257.

[50] _Ibid._, vol. ii., p. 258.

[51] Dale, _Journal, Anthrop. Inst._, vol. xxv., p. 183.

[52] Godfrey Dale, _Journal of the Anthropological Institute_, vol. xxv., p. 182.

[53] Felix de Azara, _Voyages dans l’Amérique Méridionale_, vol. ii., pp. 93 and 115.

[54] Tutila, _Journal of the Polynesian Society_, vol. i., p. 267.

[55] Otto von Kotzebue, _A Voyage of Discovery into the South Sea and Bering Straits_, London, 1821, vol. iii., p. 173.

[56] Edward M. Curr, _The Australian Race_, vol. i., p. 70.

[57] H. B. Guppy, _The Solomon Islands_, p. 42.

[58] H. H. Romilly, _The Western Pacific_, p. 68.

[59] George Turner, _Samoa_, p. 284.

[60] R. L. Stevenson, _In the South Seas_, p. 38.

[61] Samuel Gason, “The Dieyerie Tribe,” in vol. ii. of Curr’s _Australia_.

[62] J. L. Krapf, _Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa_, p. 69.

[63] Brinton, _Religions of Primitive Peoples_, p. 17.

[64] Kotzebue, _A Voyage of Discovery into the South Sea and Bering’s Straits_, vol. iii., p. 173.

[65] Spencer and Gillen, _Central Australia_, p. 51.

[66] _Central Australia_, p. 264.

[67] Westermarck, _History of Human Marriage_, p. 484.

[68] Its secrecy is insured by its indecency.

[69] William Ellis, _Polynesian Researches_, p. 257.

[70] George Turner, _Nineteen Years in Polynesia_, p. 394.

[71] Charlevoix, _History of Paraguay_, vol. i., p. 405.

[72] Fison and Howitt, _The Kamilario and Kurnai_, p. 190.

[73] Darwin, _Descent of Man_, p. 46.

[74] John Moore Davis, “Aborigines of Australia,” in Brough Smyth, vol. ii., p. 311, _Aborigines of Victoria_.

[75] William Ellis, _Tour through Hawaii_, p. 300.

[76] Sir John Lubbock, _The Origin of Civilization_, p. 3.

[77] Stevenson, _In the South Seas_, p. 38.

[78] Lucien Young, U. S. N., _The Real Hawaii_, p. 78.

[79] John Foreman, _The Philippine Islands_, p. 206. Dean C. Worcester, _The Philippine Islands_, p. 208.

[80] _Mémoires sur les Chinois_, tome ii., p. 396.

[81] Ts’in Chi Hoang, Emperor of China, 220–210 B. C., was King of Ts’in, 246–221 B. C. Hirth, p. 334.

[82] Se Ma Ts’ien, _Traduits et Annotés_, par Edouard Chavannes, tome ii., p. 130.

[83] H. A. Giles, _Chinese Biographical Dictionary_.

[84] _Li-Ki_, chapter i.

[85] _She-King_, part iii., book ii., ode 1., verse 3, translated by James Legge.

[86] _She-King_, part i., book viii., ode 7, verse 3.

[87] _Chu’un Ts’ew_, book v., year xix., par. 4.

[88] _Ibid._, book x., year xii., par. 9.

[89] Demetrius Charles Boulger, _History of China_, vol. ii., p. 314. Palatre, p. 6.

[90] P. G. Palatre, _Annales de la Sainte-Enfance_, tome xii., p. 304.

[91] _Lettres Edif._, vol. x., p. 363.

[92] P. Gabriel Palatre, _L’Infanticide et l’Œuvre de la Sainte-Enfance en Chine_, p. 16.

[93] _Te-i-lou_, tome i., 2^e partie, _Tao-yng-hoei-Koei-taio_, p. 16.

[94] P. Gabriel Palatre, _L’Infanticide et l’Œuvre de la Sainte-Enfance en Chine_, p. 44, note No. 2, which reads: “Foochow—‘The Prefect and the local magistrates have within the last few days issued a stringent proclamation against the practice of female infanticide. It provides that all parents guilty of destroying a child shall be punished according to the law against the destruction of descendants, which, it seems, provides sixty blows and a year’s imprisonment, as the proper punishment. A midwife, who destroys a child, is to be punished by strangulation. Neighbours who know of the commission, and do not report it, are to be punished as accessories to murder; and the Tepo are to be punished in the same way. A vigorous execution of this proclamation would do much to remedy the evil; but it remains to be seen whether the proclamation is more than a periodical fulmination, with the probability that it is not.’ Foochow _Herald_.” Also note No. 1, p. 45, which reads:

“From the Foochow _Herald_. ‘The following proclamation was recently issued by the Prefect of Foochow, and is, we understand, extensively circulated throughout the city and suburban districts.

“‘“Weng, acting Prefect of Foochow, issues an emphatic proclamation.

“‘“It has been found that the drowning of newly-born female infants is of frequent occurrence in places under this prefectural jurisdiction. As a reason for this cruel and outrageous behaviour towards their children, the poor allege that they are without the means to support them; the rich that they dread the expense of providing them with dowries. The Acting Prefect has repeatedly issued prohibitory proclamations since assuming charge of this post, and has also instructed the magistrates to arrest delinquents. It has been reported of late that in the neighbourhood of Shang Kan, under the jurisdiction of the Min magistrate, the practice of female infanticide still exists; it is further reported that in one spot over ten infants have been found drowned, so that there is every reason to believe that this vicious practice extends to other places too. It is the Prefect’s duty to draw up the most stringent supervisory regulations in order to the reclaiming of people from this rooted habit. The Prefect has instructed the magistrates to act in this spirit, and has now to issue this proclamation peremptorily forbidding the practice.

“‘“Wherefore now know ye all, gentry, elders, scholars, civil and military, and all persons whatsoever in this prefecture, that it is your duty to act one and all of you in accordance with the spirit of the following Regulations, and exercise a watch upon each other. If any families are found drowning their female infants, it will assuredly be at once reported to the magistrates, who will severely punish the act in accordance (with law). If any persons favour or connive at this practice and do not act upon the instructions, on the discovery or report of a case the hundred-men, neighbours, and relatives will be held equally accountable. No leniency will be shown. Tremble at this! Obey this! Do not disobey! A special proclamation.”’

“Rules relating to midwives:

“‘Female infanticide must always be practiced immediately after birth, and is generally committed by the midwife, but even if the parents do it themselves, the midwife must know. The leading gentry and the hundred-men are hereby charged henceforward to take notice of midwives in their respective villages who may dare to assist in drowning female infants. The leading gentry, the hundred-men, members of families, and neighbours are authorized to ascertain and send in the names of such midwives, and apply for their punishment as accomplices.’

“Extract from _The Shanghai Courier and China Gazette_, number of the 24th of November, 1877.”

[95] Dr. Joseph Lauterer, _China. Das Reich der Mitte_, p. 130.

[96] Robert K. Douglas, _Society in China_, p. 253.

[97] Alexis Krausse, _China in Decay_, p. 38.

[98] Arthur Judson Brown, _New Forces in Old China_, chap. v.

[99] H. A. Giles, _Civilization of China_, p. 96.

[100] Brinkley, vol. i., p. 61.

[101] _Kojiki_, introduction, p. xl.

[102] Chamberlain, Introduction, p. xi.

[103] _Kojiki_, section xxv.

[104] Chamberlain, Introduction, p. xl.

[105] Captain F. Brinkley, _Japan_, p. 89.

[106] G. Underwood, _Religions of Eastern Asia_, p. 75.

[107] _Ibid._, p. 83.

[108] _Nihongi._ See _Transactions and Proceedings of the Japan Society, London_, vol. i., translated by W. G. Aston.

[109] _Nihongi._ See _Transactions and Proceedings of the Japan Society, London_, vol. i., p. 181, by W. G. Aston.

[110] Capt. F. Brinkley, _Japan_, vol. v., p. 194.

[111] _Id._, vol. v., p. 195.

[112] W. E. Griffis, _Japanese Nation in Evolution_, p. 268.

[113] Quoted by Garrett Droppers in “The Population of Japan in the Tokugawa Period,” extract from _Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan_, vol. xxi., p. 253.

[114] Brinkley, _Japan_, vol. iv., p. 56.

[115] Brinkley, _Japan_, vol. iv., p. 57.

[116] A. K. Faust, _Christianity as a Social Factor in Modern Japan_, p. 47.

[117] E. J. Harrison, _The Fighting Spirit of Japan_, p. 350.

[118] Karbara Ekken, _Wisdom and Women of Japan_, p. 45.

[119] S. L. Gulick, _Institutions of the Japanese_, p. 100.

[120] J. K. Goodrich, _Our Neighbours: The Japanese_, p. 32.

[121] Leonard W. King, _History of Sumer and Akkad_, p.1.

[122] Hall.

[123] L. W. King, _History of Sumer and Akkad_, preface, p. ix.

[124] A. H. Sayce, _Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia_, p. 253.

[125] Sayce, _The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia_, pp. 466–469.

[126] E. de Srazec, _Découvertes en Chaldée_, plates 48, and 48 _bis._

[127] Sayce, _The Religions of Egypt and Babylonia_, p. 466.

[128] R. W. Rogers, _Religion of Babylonia and Assyria_, p. 162.

[129] H. de Genouillac, _Tablettes Sumériennes Archaïques_, p. xxii.

[130] _Ibid._, p. xxxii., Tablet 12.

[131] H. de Genouillac, _Revue Assyriologie_, vol. viii., p. 18.

[132] P. Dhorme, _Revue d’Assyriologie_, tome vii., p. 2.

[133] Robt. Wm. Rogers, _Cuneiform Parallels to the Old Testament_, p. 395.

[134] C. H. W. Johns, _Babylonian and Assyrian Laws, Contracts and Letters_.

[135] L. W. King, _Letters and Inscriptions of Hammurabi_.

[136] M. E. Rivellout, “La Femme dans l’Antiquité,” _Jour. Asiatique_, tome vii., p. 1.

[137] David Gordon Lyon, _Studies in the History of Religions_, article on “The Consecrated Women of the Hammurabi Code,” p. 342.

[138] C. H. W. Johns, _Babylonian and Assyrian Laws, Contracts and Letters_, pp. 41 and 42. _Laws of Hammurabi_, Col. III., i. 22 to Col. IV., i. 22.

[139] M. E. Rivellout, “La Femme dans l’Antiquité,” _Jour. Asiatique_, tome viii., p. 74.

[140] _The Code of Hammurabi, King of Babylon about_ 2250 B. C., trans. by Robt. F. Harper, p. 71.

[141] C. H. W. Johns, _Assyrian Doomsday Book_, pp. 26, 27, 28.

[142] Dr. Robt. Wm. Rogers, _Cuneiform Parallels to the Old Testament_, p. 393.

[143] William Hays Ward, _Seal Cylinders of Western Asia_, p. 154.

[144] René Dussaud, _Les Sacrifices Humaines chez les Canaanéens_.

[145] A. H. Keane, _Man, Past and Present_, p. 479.

[146] A. H. Keane, _Man, Past and Present_, p. 484.

[147] G. Maspero, _Dawn of Civilization_, pp. 311–314.

[148] G. Maspero, _Dawn of Civilization_, p. 52.

[149] Harris Papyrus, No. 500, British Museum; Maspero, Études Égyptiennes.

[150] F. Chabas, _Œuvres Divers_, tome i., pp. 183–214.

[151] A. Erman, _Life in Ancient Egypt_, p. 150.

[152] J. H. Breasted, _History of Egypt_, p. 86.

[153] W. M. Flinders Petrie, _Egyptian Tales_.

[154] L. W. King and H. R. Hall, _Egypt and Western Asia in the Light of Recent Discoveries_, p. 71.

[155] Porphyry, _De Abstin._, book ii., chapter lv.

[156] King and Hall, _Egypt and Western Asia in the Light of Recent Discoveries_, p. 73.

[157] _The Historical Library of Diodorus, the Sicilian_, vol. i., par. 6, p. 79, trans. by G. Booth.

[158] _The Historical Library of Diodorus_, trans. by G. Booth, vol. i., p. 82.

[159] _Terme et Malfalcon_, p. 34.

[160] Maspero, p. 215.

[161] Diodorus Siculus, i., 90; E. A. W. Budge, _The Mummy_, p. 180.

[162] Maspero, p. 216.

[163] Adolf Erman, _Egyptian Religion_, p. 139.

[164] _Oxyrhynchus Papyri_, Grenfell & Hunt, vol. iv., p. 244; Adolf Deissman, _Light from the Ancient East_, p. 154.

[165] Isaac Taylor, _The Origin of the Aryans_, p. 182.

[166] M. M. Kunte, _Aryan Civilization_, p. 124.

[167] F. A. Steel, _India Through the Ages_, p. 15.

[168] Sankhayana-Grihya-Sutra, Khanda 20.

[169] Manu, ix., 96.

[170] Sir Monier-Williams, _Brahmanism and Hinduism_, p. 387.

[171] Anaryan, _Early Ideas_, p. 11.

[172] _Journal of the Asiatic Society_, vol. xiii., p. 104.

[173] Monier-Williams, _Brahmanism and Hinduism_, p. 24.

[174] Satapatha-Brahmana, intro. xxxvi.

[175] Manava-dharma-castra, Lect. iv., Nos. 184 and 185.

[176] A. C. Burnell, intro. to the Ordinances of Manu, p. xxiv.

[177] Q. Curtius Rufus, book 9, chapter i.

[178] _Ibid._

[179] Diodorus Siculus, book 17, chapter xci.

[180] Strabo, book xv., c. i. par. 30.

[181] _Asiatic Researches_, vol. iv., p. 342.

[182] _Selections from the Records of the Bombay Government_, No. xxxix., part 2, p. 318.

[183] _Selections from the Records of the Bombay Government_, No. xxxviii., part 1, p. 323.

[184] _Ibid._, No. xxxix., part 2, p. 324. Letter of Colonel Walker to Governor Duncan, dated March 15, 1808.

[185] _Selections from the Records of the Bombay Government_, No. xxxix., part 2, p. 327. Letter of Colonel Walker to Governor Duncan, dated March 15, 1808.

[186] _Ibid._, No. xxxix., part 2, p. 328, par. 66. Letter of Colonel Walker to Governor Duncan, dated March 15, 1808.

[187] _Selections from the Records of the Bombay Government_, No. xxxix., part 2, p. 329, par. 72. Letter of Colonel Walker to Governor Duncan, dated March 15, 1808.

[188] _Ibid._, No. xxxix., part 2, p. 340, par. 171. Extract from the letter of Colonel Walker to Governor Duncan, dated March 15, 1808.

[189] _Selections from the Records of the Bombay Government_, No. xxxix., part 2, pp. 361–362. Extract from the letter of Colonel Walker to Governor Duncan, dated March 15, 1808.

[190] _Selections from the Records of the Bombay Government_, No. xxxix., part 2, p. 374. Letter from Futteh Mahommed Jemadar to Lieut.-Col. A. Walker, received on the 21st of October, 1807.

[191] _Records of Government_, Allahabad, 1871, vol. v., no. 2, p. 116.

[192] Keane, _Man Past and Present_, p. 499.

[193] George Aaron Barton, _A Sketch of Semitic Origins_, p. 269.

[194] Archibald Duff, _The Theology and Ethics of the Hebrews_, p. 17.

[195] D. Chwolson, _The Semitic Nations_, p. 25.

[196] Grimm, _Teutonic Mythology_, vol. i., p. 43.

[197] Tylor, _Primitive Culture_, vol. ii., p. 362.

[198] M. L. Milloue, _Le Sacrifice, Conférences faites au Musée Guimet_, p. 3.

[199] Lord Avebury, _Marriage, Totemism, and Religion_, preface, p. vi.

[200] R. Campbell Thompson, _Semitic Magic_, p. xiii.

[201] Wm. Mariner, _The Natives of the Tonga Islands_, vol. ii., p. 220.

[202] Mariner, _The Natives of the Tonga Islands_, vol. i., p. 229.

[203] Father Joseph de Acosta, _The Natural and Moral History of the Indies_, vol. ii., p. 344.

[204] Francisco de Jerez, _Conquista del Peru_, under cover of _Biblioteca ed Aurores Españoles_, vol. xxvi., part 2, p. 327.

[205] P. Lafaitau, quoting Le Moyne in _Mœurs des Sauvages Américains_, vol. i., p. 181.

[206] _Narrative of Le Moyne_, transl. from the Latin of De Bry, p. 13, Boston, 1875.

[207] Antonio de Herrera, _The General History of the Vast Continent and Islands of America, commonly called the West Indies_, vol. ii., pp. 347–348.

[208] Wm. Strachey, _The History of Travaile into Virginia Britannia_, p. 84.

[209] R. Brough Smyth, _The Aborigines of Victoria_, vol. ii., p. 311

[210] W. Crooke, _The Popular Religion and Folk-Lore of Northern India_, vol. ii., p. 169.

[211] _Ibid._, vol. ii., p. 172.

[212] W. H. Sleeman, _Rambles and Recollections of an Indian Official_, vol. i., p. 133.

[213] R. Cain, “Bhadrachellam and Rekapalli Taluquas,” the _Indian Antiquary_, vol. viii., p. 219, Bombay, 1879.

[214] J. J. M. de Groote, _The Religious System of China_, vol. ii., book i., p. 679.

[215] R. A. S. MacAlister, _The Excavation of Gezer_, pp. 405–6, 432.

[216] Ernest Sellin, “Tell Ta’Annek,” _Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften_, vols. l.-li., 1904–1906.

[217] Driver, _Modern Research as Illustrating the Bible_, p. 68.

[218] W. K. S. Ralston, _Songs of the Russian People_, p. 128.

[219] H. C. Trumbull, _Threshold Covenant_, p. 49.

[220] Jacob Grimm, _Teutonic Mythology_, vol. iii., p. 1144.

[221] Tylor, _Primitive Culture_, vol. i., p. 96.

[222] Theodor Waitz, _Anthropologie der Naturvolker_, vol. ii., p. 197.

[223] H. C. Trumbull, _The Threshold Covenant_, p. 146.

[224] Tylor, _Primitive Culture_, vol. i., p. 96.

[225] Jacob Grimm, _Teutonic Mythology_, vol. iii., p. 1142.

[226] Jacob Grimm, _Teutonic Mythology_, vol. iii., p. 1142.

[227] W. Crooke, _The Religion, etc., Northern India_, vol. ii., p. 174.

[228] _The Journal of American Folk-Lore_, vol. vi., p. 51, Boston, New York, and London, 1893.

[229] E. Renan, _History of the People of Israel_, vol. i., preface, p. viii.

[230] J. F. McCurdy, _Jewish Encyclopædia_.

[231] A. Kuenen, _The Religion of Israel_, p. 102.

[232] Genesis xxii., 13.

[233] Renan, _History of the People of Israel_, p. 63.

[234] Genesis xvii., 10.

[235] P. C. Remondino, _History of Circumcision_, p. 31. Remondino cites Benjamin—David brought 200 prepuces to Saul to show the number of slain Philistines.

[236] Remondino, p. 32.

[237] Exodus, chap. xii.

[238] Joshua, chap. xxiv., v. 14.

[239] Renan, _History of the People of Israel_, vol. i., p. 149.

[240] Judges, chap. ix.

[241] Renan, _History of the People of Israel_, vol. i., p. 150.

[242] Judges, chap. xii., v. 38–39.

[243] Renan, _History of the People of Israel_, vol. i., p. 278.

[244] 2 Samuel, chap. xxi.

[245] Ewald, _History of Israel_, vol. iv., p. 90.

[246] 2 Kings, chap. xvi., v. 3; and 2 Chronicles, chap. xxviii., v. 3.

[247] 2 Kings, chap. xxi., v. 6.

[248] Hosea, chap. vi., v. 6.

[249] _Ibid._

[250] Jeremiah, chap. vii., v. 21 _et seq._

[251] Micah, chap. vi., v. 6 _et seq._

[252] R. A. Nicholson, _Literary History of the Arabs_, p. xvi.

[253] The Sabeans were inhabitants of the ancient kingdom of Sheba, located in south-western Arabia. According to the records of Mohammed Abu-Taleb Dimeshqi, the Sabeans’ sacrifices were made to the planets when they reached their point of culmination. They sacrificed either a man or a woman according to the divinity who was being worshipped. To the Sun, a selected girl was sacrificed; to the Moon, a man with full face. To Jupiter, a boy three days old, the child of the girl who was sacrificed to the Sun. To Mercury they sacrificed a young man of brownish colour who was a scribe and well educated; to Mars, a very red man with a red head; to Venus, a beautiful woman. These sacrifices were connected with various preparations and mysterious ceremonies.

The following passage, showing the extreme of horrible barbarism, describes one of their sacrificial ceremonies; it is from Dr. D. Chwolsohn’s _Die Ssabier und der Ssabismus_ (vol. ii., pp. 28–29).

“On the 8th of August the Sabeans pressed the wine for the gods and called it by many different names. On this day they sacrificed to the gods, in the middle of the forenoon, a new-born male child. First the child was slaughtered, then boiled until it became very soft, when the flesh was taken off (the bones). The flesh was then kneaded with fine flour, oil, saffron, spikenard and other spices, and, according to some, with raisins. It was then made into small cakes of the size of a fig, and baked in a new oven. This was used by the participants in the mystery of Shemal.... No woman, no slave or son of a slave, or no idiot was allowed to eat of it. To the killing and the preparation of the child only three priests were admitted. Everything remaining, such as the bones and other things not eatable, the priests offered as a burnt sacrifice to the gods.”

[Ab (August) Den 8. dieses Monats pressen sie neuen Wein für die Götter und legen ihm viele verschiedene Namen bei. An diesem Tage opfern sie in der Mitte des Vormittags den durch Standbilder dargestellten Göttern ein neugeborenes männliches Kind. Zuerst wird der Knabe geschlachtet und dann gesotten, bis er ganz weich wird, dann wird das Fleisch abgenommen und mit feinem Mehl, Safran, Spikenard, Gewürznelken und Oel (nach der andern Lesart: Rosinen) zusammengeknetet, daraus werden kleine Brode, von der Grösse einer Feige, gemacht (oder geknetet) und in einem neuen (oder eisernen) Ofen gebacken. Dies dient den Theilnehmern an dem Mysterion des Schemal (zur Speise) für das ganze Jahr. Es darf aber kein Weib, kein Sklave, kein Sohn einer Sklaven und kein Wahnsinniger etwas davon essen. Zu dem Schlachten und Zurichten dieses Kindes werden blos drei Priester zugelassen. Alles aber, was von seinen Knochen, Gliedmassen, Knorpeln, Arterien und Nerven übrig geblieben ist, verbrennen die Priester den Göttern zum Opfer.]

[254] R. A. Nicholson, _Literary History of the Arabs_, p. xxvii.

[255] George Sale, Introduction to the Koran, p. 93.

[256] George Sale, Introduction to the Koran, p. 93.

[257] Aghani, vii., 150, quoted by W. Robinson Smith, _Kinship and Marriage_, p. 222.

[258] Sale, Introduction to Koran.

[259] Koran, chapter 5, p. 86.

[260] Nicholson, _Literary History of the Arabs_, p. 243.

[261] E. W. Lane, _Selections from the Kur-an_, Introduction, p. xxi.-xix.

[262] Hamasa, quoted by W. Robinson Smith in _Kinship and Marriage_, p. 293.

[263] Porphyry, book 2, chap. lvi.

[264] Ammianus, book xxxi., chapter xvi.

[265] Procopius, _Bell. Pers._, part i., chap. xix.

[266] W. Robinson Smith, _Kinship and Marriage_, p. 296.

[267] Trans. by George Sale, Al Koran, chap. vi., p. 114.

[268] _Ibid._, chap. xvi., p. 218.

[269] _Ibid._, chap. lxxxi., pp. 480–481.

[270] “Al Hedaya Fil Foroo,” by Sheik Burhan-ad-deen Alee, trans. by Charles Hamilton, vol. i., p. xxxiii.

[271] _Id._, book x., vol. ii.

[272] “Al Hedaya Fil Foroo,” vol ii., book x., par. 3.

[273] _Id._, vol. ii., book x., par. 6.

[274] The commentary of Ahmed Ben Mohammed Khadooree, published A.H. 420 and an authoritative work on the duties of a magistrate.

[275] The Hidaya, trans. by Charles Hamilton, vol. ii., book ix., chap. ii.

[276] The Hidaya, trans. by Charles Hamilton, vol. i., book iv., chap. xiv., pp. 385, 386.

[277] J. P. Mahaffy, _Social Life of the Greeks_.

[278] Andrew Lang, _Homeric Studies_.

[279] Thomas D. Seymour, _Life in the Homeric Age_, p. 139.

[280] _Id._, p. 139.

[281] Hesiod, _Theogony_, 483–4; Daremberg and Saglio, art. Exposito.

[282] Pausanias, book 8, chap. viii.

[283] Apollodorus, _Bibliotheca_, book i., caput 3, par. 5.

[284] Pausanias, book 8, chap. xxviii.

[285] _Ibid._, book i., chap. xlvi.

[286] Apollodorus, book ii, caput 7, par. 4. Pausanias, book viii., chap, xlviii.

[287] Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography.

[288] Apollodorus, book iii., caput 5.

[289] Plato, B. Jowett, vol. iv., p. 216.

[290] _Ibid._, vol. i., p. 91.

[291] Gortyniorum Leges, Daremberg and Saglio.

[292] “Law Code of the Cretan Gortyna,” _American Journal of Archæology_, vol. i., p. 335.

[293] Euripides, transl. by Arthur S. Way, vol. iii., p. 345.

[294] Wm. Botsford, _Development of the Athenian Constitution_, p. 10.

[295] Plutarch, _Life of Alcibiades_.

[296] Heliodorus, _Ethiopica_.

[297] G. Glotz, Daremberg and Saglio, art. Exposito.

[298] Longus, _Daphnis and Chloë_, book iv.

[299] Hesiod, _Works and Days_.

[300] Terence, _Adelphi_, act v., scene iii.

[301] Musonius, quoted by Glotz.

[302] Longus, _Daphnis and Chloë_, book iv.

[303] Heaut., Terence., act iv., scene i.

[304] Aristophanes, _Thesmophor._, act v.

[305] Longus, _Daphnis and Chloë_, book i.

[306] Euripides, _Ion_, 1489.

[307] Plautus, _Cestellaria_.

[308] Plautus, _Casina_.

[309] Longus, _Daphnis_, book i.

[310] Plautus, _Cistellaria_, act i., scene i.

[311] _Poetarum Comicorum Græcorum Fragmenta._ Ed. Didot, p. 57; _Athenæus_, Trans. C. D. Yonge, vol. ii., p. 804.

[312] _Poet. Comic. Græc. Frag._, p. 687; _Athenæus_, vol. ii., p. 794.

[313] _Ibid._, p. 710; _Ibid._, p. 575.

[314] _Thesmophoriazusæ_, 502, 516.

[315] Euripides, _Ion_, line 144.

[316] Xenophon, _Œconomicus_, chapter iv., par. 5.

[317] _Ælian_, liber ii., caput vii.

[318] Plutarch, _Lycurgus_ (Dryden trans.), vol. i., p. 82.

[319] _Dionysius Halic_., bk. ii., par. vii.

[320] Livy, i., 4.

[321] Thos. Collett Sandars, _Institutes of Justinian_, p. 3.

[322] Sandars, p. 4.

[323] Gibbon, vol. iv., p. 341: “The law of nature instructs most animals to cherish and educate their youthful progeny. The law of reason inculcates to the human species the returns of filial piety. But the exclusive, absolute and perpetual dominion of the father over his children is peculiar to the Roman jurisprudence and seems to be coeval with the foundation of the city.”

[324] _Dionysius Halic._, bk. ii., par. 15.

[325] W. A. Hunter, _Roman Law_, p. 190, calls the conclave of neighbours a “humane and interesting exception.” John P. McLennon, in _Primitive Marriage_, says it is a “fine example of good old savage law.” According to Hunter, infanticide receives its first customary check when the destruction of males and the eldest female is forbidden: the ancient tribes preferring rather to steal their wives than to rear them.

[326] _Dionysius Halic._, bk., ii., par. 26.

[327] “Numa Pompilius,” Plutarch, Dryden’s Translations, vol. ix., p. 106: “He is also much to be commended for the repeal, or rather amendment, of that law which gives power to fathers to sell their children; he exempted such as were married, conditionally that it had been with the liking and the consent of their parents; for it seems a hard thing that a woman who had given herself in marriage to a man she judged free, should afterwards find herself living with a slave.”

[328] _Valerius Maximus_, edition of 1678, lib. v., cap. viii. According to Niebuhr, the story was disbelieved, and the historian himself says it is an invention by those who found it difficult to believe that after three consulships and as many triumphs, Cassius was still in his father’s _potestas_. _Hist. of Rome_, vol. ii., p. 167.

[329] Stephen, _Hist. of the Criminal Law of England_, p. 1.

[330] Ortolan.

[331] Madame Dacier observes upon this passage, that the ancients thought themselves guilty of a heinous offence if they suffered their children to die without having bestowed on them some of their property; it was consequently the custom of the women, before exposing children, to attach to them some jewel or trinket among their clothes, hoping thereby to avoid incurring the guilt above mentioned, and to ease their consciences.

[332] Madame Dacier says that the meaning of this passage is this: Chremes tells his wife that by having given this ring, she has done two good acts instead of one—she has both cleared her conscience and saved the child; for had there been no ring or token exposed with the infant, the finder would not have been at the trouble of taking care of it, but might have left it to perish, never suspecting it would be inquired after, or himself liberally rewarded for having preserved it. (Bohn trans.) See chapters xii. and xiii.

[333] This he says by way of palliating the cruelty he was guilty of in his orders to have the child put to death.

[334] Greenidge, _Roman Public Life_.

[335] Becker’s _Gallus_, p. 178.

[336] According to Festus (_De Verborum Significatione_), there was a celibate fine. Cicero, _De Leg._, iii., 3, and Val. Max., ii., 9, i.

[337] Becker’s _Gallus_, p. 179.

Apæcides—“I’ faith, money’s a handsome dowry.” Periphanes—“Indeed it is, when it isn’t encumbered with a wife.”—Plautus, _Epidicus_, act ii., scene i.

[338] Becker’s _Gallus_, pp. 42 to 46; Suetonius, _Claudius_, p. 25; Horace, Epistle, ii., 2, 27; Martial, xii., 57, 14; Plautus, _Merc._, iii., 4, 78; _Roman Life Under the Cæsars_, Emile Thomas, p. 59.

[339] M. Dezobry, _Rome au Siècle d’Auguste_, Plautus, _Hecyra_, Prologue.

[340] “Those funerals with their horns and trumpets meeting in the Forum” was Horace’s idea of the height of noise.

[341] Becker’s _Gallus_, p. 46; Martial, vii., 61.

[342] Gaius, ii., 286: “Unmarried persons who by the _lex Julia_ are debarred from taking inheritances and legacies were in olden times considered capable of taking _fideicommissa_. Likewise childless persons, who by the _lex Papia_ lose half their inheritance and legacies because they have no children, were in the olden time considered capable of taking _fideicommissa_ in full. But afterward by the _senatus consultum Pegasianum_ they were forbidden to take _fideicommissa_ as well as inheritances and legacies. And those were transferred to those persons named in the testament who had children, or if none of them had children, to the _populus_, just as the rule is regarding legacies and inheritances.”

[343] Tacitus, _Ann._, iii., p. 28.

[344] Suetonius, _Octavius_, par. 65.

[345] Suetonius, _Life of Claudius_, par. 27.

[346] Velia was a town in Liguria destroyed by a mountain slide. It was near the present town of Piacenza, about an hour’s railway ride from Milan. In 1747 the inscription was found, one of the longest that has come down to us, containing six hundred and thirty lines in seven columns.

[347] The usual rate in provinces was twelve per cent. Pliny, Epist., x., 62 (_duodenis assibus_). Later, Alex. Severus lent money to the poor to enable them to buy land at three per cent.

[348] Tacitus, _Ann._, iv., 27.

[349] _Pliny’s Letters_, Letter 72, vol. ii.

[350] Tertullian, _Epst._, 9.

[351] _Digest_, xlviii., 9, 5.

[352] _De Verborum Significatione_, p. 188, edition Lipsiæ, 1880. Line six reads: “_Lactaria columna in foro olitorio dicta, quod ibi infantes lacte alendos deferebant._”

[353] M. A. Seneca, _Opera_. Biponti, 1783.

[354] Hunter, _Spartianus_, part xvii., p. 67.

[355] Julianus, 611; Walker, p. 77.

[356] Gerardus Noodt, _Opera Omnia_, 1767. Cornelius Van Binkershoek, _Opera Omnia_, 1761.

[357] Abdy and Walker, _Institutes of Justinian_, Appendix A. Ortolan, p. 325.

[358] Duruy, vol. v., p. 175.

[359] Cambridge University Press, p. 122.

[360] Duruy, vol. v., p. 467. E. E. Bryant, _Life of Antoninus Pius_, p. 122, refers to the inscription at Aquileia of a “_præfectus alimentorum_” as indicative of what Pius had done.

[361] Hunter, p. 68.

[362] Gibbon, vol. i., p. 497.

[363] Zosimus, book ii., says parents were obliged to sell their children to pay the tax collectors.

[364] _Codex Theodosianus_, xi., 27, 1–2.

[365] Chapter xx., p. 407, vol. i.

[366] Justinian Code, viii., 52, 2. _Quod si exponendam putave it; animadversoni, quæ constituta est, subjacebit._

[367] Bryce, _Holy Roman Empire_, p. 1. E. A. Freeman, _Historical Studies_.

[368] Charles Loring Brace, _Gesta Christi_, p. 111.

[369] W. E. H. Lecky, _History of European Morals_, vol. ii., p. 27.

[370] Barnabas, Epistle, chapter xix.

[371] Justin, _Apol._, i., chapter xxvii., p. 30.

[372] Justin, _Apol._, i., chapter xxix., p. 31.

[373] Athanagoras, _Plea_, chapter xxxv., p. 419.

[374] A. J. Dogour, _Recherches sur les Enfants Trouvés_, p. 61.

[375] Tertullian, _Apologeticus_, par. 90.

[376] Tertullian, _Ad Nationes_, chapter xv.

[377] Clement of Alexandria, _Pædagogus_, chapter iii., p. 3.

[378] Minucius Felix, _Oct._, chapters xxx. and xxxi.

[379] Vision of Paul, par. 40.

[380] _Codex Theodosianus_, xi., xxvii., 1.

[381] _Ibid._, lib. ii., tit. 27.

[382] _Ibid._, lib. v., tit. 7 and 8.

[383] _Codex Theodosianus_, chapter iii., title 3.

[384] _Codex Theodosianus._

[385] Terme et Monfalcon, p. 79.

[386] _Acta Conciliorum Parisiis_, 1715. Tome i., p. 1789. Chapters Concilium Vasense, Anno Christi 442, chapters 9 and 10.

[387] Terme et Monfalcon, p. 80.

[388] S. A. Dunham, _Europe in the Middle Ages_, p. 8.

[389] Matthew xxviii., 19, 20.

[390] Eusebius, _Ecclesiastical History_, book iii., chapter i.

[391] Theodoretius, _History of the Church_, book iv., chapter xxx.

[392] Smith and Chetam, _Dict. of Ch. Antiq. Missions_ (see also Socrates, _Ecc. Hist._, vii., 30; Ozanam, _Civilisation chez les Francs_, p. 51).

[393] Thomas Moore, _History of Ireland_, vol. i., p. 49.

[394] Guizot, _Civilization_, vol. i., p. 429.

[395] La Boulaye, _Recherches sur la condition de la femme depuis les Romains jusque au nos jours_.

[396] Ammian. Marcell., xvii., 8.

[397] Codex, second edition of Hessels and Kern, xxviii., section 4, and the Wolfenbuttel edition as quoted by Garabed Artin Davoud-Oghlou, _Histoire de la législation des Anciens Germains_, vol. i., p. 496.

[398] A sou was worth about 1000 grains of silver and the denier had a weight of about 25 grains of silver. Davoud-Oghlou, vol. i., p. 465.

[399] _Leys Salica_, column 491.

[400] J. F. A. Payre, _Lois des Francs_, pp. 82 and 83. The kings and the nobles wore their hair long, while the plain people wore their hair short, as did the Romans for whom these barbarians had a great contempt.

[401] Dugour, p. 93; Davoud-Oghlou, vol. i., p. 613; Lallemand, p. 91.

[402] “_Parentes qui cogente necessitate filios suos alimentorum gratia vendiderint ingenuiati eorum non pare juicant. Homo enim liber pretio nullo æstimatur._” Edictum Theodorici, art. 94.

[403] Thomas Hodgkin, _The Letters of Cassiodorus_, book viii., letter 33.

[404] Terme et Monfalcon, _Hist. des Enfants Trouvés_, p. 28.

[405] Terme et Monfalcon, p. 84.

[406] Lerousse, _Bathilde_.

[407] Lebeau, _Hist. du Bas Empire_, vol. vi., p. 179.

[408] _The History of England under the Anglo-Saxon Kings_, vol. i., p. 414, translated by Benj. Thorpe.

[409] Laws of Hloth. and Ead., vi. Ine, vii. Æthels., v. i. By the Salic law also (tit. xxvi., art. 6) twelve was fixed as the age of responsibility.

[410] See Laws of Cnut, lxxvii.

[411] Thorpe, p. 414.

[412] Gaillard, p. 83.

[413] Muratori, _Antiquates italicæ medii ævi_, Mediolani, 1740, vol. iii., p. 587.

[414] Pontani, _Opera_, Basil, 1566, t. i., chapter xix.

[415] Gaillard, vol. i., p. 85.

[416] _Histoire de Languedoc._

[417] Ramcle, p. 34.

[418] Ramcle, p. 360.

[419] Gaillard, vol. i., p. 85. _Bulletin Ferussac, pact de la Geog._, t. xvi., p. 66.

[420] Ramcle, p. 34. _Bullarium Romanorum_, t. i., p. 74.

[421] See Bull of Innocent III., 28th of April, 1198.

[422] Beckmann, _Histoire des Inventions et Découvertes_, tome iv.

[423] _Dictionnaire des Sciences Medicales_, “Enfans Trouvés.”

[424] Ramcle, 38. _Bullarium Romanorum_, Nicholas IV.

[425] Ramcle, p. 40.

[426] Cited by de Breuil.

[427] _Histoire de Languedoc_, tome iii., p. 43.

[428] Ramcle, p. 63.

[429] _Rapport fait à l’Académie Royale des Sciences_. Par MM. Dumeril et Coquebert-Monbret. Paris, 1825, p. x.

[430] _Considérations sur les Enfants Trouvés_, Benoiston de Chateauneuf, p. x.

[431] Gaillard, p. 90.

[432] Gaillard, p. 90.

[433] _Id._, p. 90. Chateauneuf.

[434] At that time Louis was at war with Germany in the Pays-Bas and in Cologne, and the conspiracy of Cinq-Mars had just been discovered.

[435] Terme et Monfalcon, p. 100.

[436] Gaillard, p. 92.

[437] Curzon, p. 11.

[438] L. F. Salzman, _English Industries of the Middle Ages_, p. 229.

[439] _Memorials of London and London Life_, ed. by H. T. Riley, p. 549.

[440] W. J. Ashley, _The English Economic History_, p. 9.

[441] O. J. Dunlop and R. D. Denman, _English Apprenticeship and Child Labour_, p. 29.

[442] _Id._, p. 56.

[443] H. T. Riley, _Memorials of London and London Life_, p. 278.

[444] Act of Henry VIII., passed by the Common Council of London, September 27, 1556. See _A Transcript of the Registers of the Company of Stationers of London_, vol. i., ed. by Ed. Arber, introduction, p. xli.

[445] H. de B. Gibbins, _Industry in England_, p. 341.

[446] Rep., 7 and 8 Vict. c. 101, s. 13.

[447] Macaulay, _History of England_, vol. i., pp. 389 and 390.

[448] Chamberlayne’s _State of England_; Petty’s _Political Arithmetic_, chapter viii.; Dunning’s _Plain and Easy Method_; Firmin’s _Proposition for the Employing of the Poor_. “It ought to be observed that Firmin was an eminent philanthropist,” Macaulay observes.

[449] H. de B. Gibbins, _Industry in England_, p. 388.

[450] _The Quarterly Review_, vol. lxvii., 1841, pp. 175 and 176.

[451] Alfred, _History of the Factory Movement_, vol. i., pp. 21, 22.

[452] Quoted in Alfred’s _History of the Factory Movement_, i., 43.

[453] H. de B. Gibbins, _Industry in England_, par. 226, p. 393.

[454] H. de B. Gibbins, _Industry in England_, p. 398.

[455] W. Cooke Taylor, _Factories and the Factory System_, pp. 20 and 21.

[456] H. de B. Gibbins, _Industry in England_, p. 402.

[457] Edith Abbott, _Journal of American Society_, 14, 37.

[458] Edith Abbott, _Journal of American Society_, 14, 21.

[459] _Id._, 14, 32.

[460] Duprat, p. 200, and Steinmetz, “Das Verhaltniss zwischen Eltern und Kindern bei den Naturvolken,” _Zeitschrift für Socialwissenschaft_, vol. i.

[461] Copy of triplicate report, as above indicated.

INDEX

The names of authors from whose works quotations have been made are printed in heavy-faced type.

A

Aaron, 162

Ab-ba-gi-na, 98

Abbott, Edith, 332

_Abgal_, 94

Abipones, 42

Abortion, 26, 259, 260, 279

Abraham, 158

Abu Tamman, 177

Abyssinians, 17

Accouchements, god of, 98

Achilles, 186

Acts of Parliament, 1802, 1833, 324, 329

_Adelphi_, 196

Adoption, 102, 288, 289;
among the Greeks, 204;
enjoined by Mohammed, 180;
of orphans, China, 49

_Adventures of Sanehat_, 112

Ægean culture, 91

=Ælian=, 9, 207

Æsculapius, 187

Æthelstan, laws of, 292

Æthiopia, 274

Africa, 17, 23, 34, 106, 262

Agathocles, 8

=Aghani=, 173, 174, 175

Agis, 193

Agnew, Frederick A., 334

Agrarian Law, 215

Aha, island of, 74

Ahaz, 166

Aidan, 275

Ainu race, 71

Aix, 303

Akkado-Sumerians, 90, 92, 107

Albanian Scots, 275

Alexander the Great, 127–8

Al-Farazdac, 174, 175

Alfred, King, 283

Al Hidaya, 180

Allahabad, 137

Al Mostatraf, 172

Alsace, 276

Al Siyar, 182

Altar, infants buried at, 151

Ambrosius, 258, 263

Amenemhat I., 112

Ammianus Marcellinus, 177, 279

Ammonites, 164

Amosis, 113

Amphidromia, 193

Amphion, 187

Amraphael, 100

Amsterdam provides for children, 300

Amulius, 210

Amva, 124

Anacharsis, 196

Andromache, 185

Andromeda, 193

Angora (Ancyra), 268

Animal, care of young, 20;
marriage, 3, 23;
protection of child, 52, 186

_Annales de la Sainte Enfance_, 61

Antankarana tribes, 35

Antiphili, 197

Antiphon, 184

_Antiquates italicæ medii ævi_, 294

_Antiquity and Piety_, 113

Antoninus Pius, 236, 247, 248

_Antoninus Pius, Life of_, 248, 250

Apprentices, 315, 316, 317

Apulia, 284

Arabs, chapter xi.;
customs of pagan, 170, 171, 172

Aramean tribes, 138

Arcadia, 187

Archambault, 290

Arctopitheci, 23

Areoi society, 41

Argos, 187

=Aristophanes=, 191, 199, 205, 206

Aristotle, 7, 14

Arius, 20, 268

Arkwright, invention of, 318

Arles, Bishop of, 275

Armenia, 91

Arrian, 128

Artificers, statute of, 315

Arunta tribes, 32

_Aryan Civilization_, 123

Aryans, 90, 120, 121

=Ashley, W. J.=, 314

Assa Sahib, governor of Saugor, 148

Assyria, 91

Assyrians, 159

Astrolabe Bay, 24

Astrology and exposure, 265, 266

Astyanax, 185

Asylums, 65, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299

Athalaric, King, 283, 284

Athanagoras, 260

Athanasius, Bishop, 268

=Athenæus=, 205

Athens, 191, 216

Auge, 187

Augustine, 258

Augustus, 223, 226, 229, 247

Aurelianus, 279

_Australian Aborigines_, 33

Australian aborigines, 33, 34

Austria, child welfare movement in, 334

=Avebury, Lord=, 143

Aventine Hill, 242

Avignon, Bishop of, 275

Azara, Felix de, 36

B

Baal, 163, 164

Babylonia, 9, 91, 92, 93, 138

_Babylonian and Assyrian Laws_, 99

=Bain, Alexander=, 2

Banjarilu, Hindu caste, 149

Barnabas, 258, 259

Barnamtarra, 97

Baroda, 131

=Barton, G. A.=, 139

Basil the Great, 263

Bastards, 303

Basuto, 35

Bathilde, Saint, 290

Bathurst (N. S. W.), 43, 147

Bau, temple of, 96, 97

=Beckmann=, 297

Bel, temple of, 93

Benares, 129

Bengal, Royal Society, 130

Benin, 32

Bergh, Henry, 336

Bergliac, asylum at, 296

=Bergson, H.=, 3

Berins, 275

Berlin, child-welfare organization in, 334

Bernard de Montlaur, 295

Beverly, Mass., 333

Bhisma, 123, 124

Binkershoek, Cornelius van, 247

Birds, 4, 21, 53

Bithynia, 233, 274

Blood ceremonies, 144, 145, 146, 148, 154, 178, 261

Bombay, 129

Borneo, 23

Borromeo, Count, 334

Botterays, 301

=Boulger, D. C.=, 59

Boulton, invention by, 318

Bourgognes, asylum of, 295

=Brace, Charles Loring=, 258

Braelers, ordinances of, 315

_Brahmanism and Hinduism_, 125

Brahmin priests, 148

=Breasted, J. H.=, 112

Brehm, _Bird-Life_, 21, 22

Brehma Bywant Pooran, 130

Brephotrophia, asylums for children, 293, 297

Bretagne, 303

=Brinton, D. G.=, 19, 31, 39

British Museum, 80, 93, 110

=Brown, Arthur J.=, 69

Bruitii, 284

=Bryant, E. E.=, 248, 250

=Bryce, James=, 257

=Buckle, T. H.=, 16

Buddhism, 77, 81, 126, 127

=Budge, E. A. W.=, 117

Burgundians, 274, 276, 281

Burhan-ad-din-Ali, 180

Burial alive, 27, 36, 78, 149, 154, 172

=Burnell, A. C.=, 127

Burnt-offerings, 158, 168

Busiris, Egyptian deity, 262

C

Caduca, 228

Cæsar, 276, 277

=Cain, R.=, 149

Calabria, 284

Callich, or Gallus, 276

Camos, 165, 166

Campania, 283

Canaan, people of, 138, 140, 158

_Canis Brasiliensis_, 22

Cannibalism, 140, 141, 142, 143, 147, 149, 150;
among Arabs, 177;
Australia, 39, 43;
Britain, 121;
in Dahomey, 154;
in Japan, 83, 84, 85;
Papuan, 27

Canton, 65

Capitoline Hill, 210

Cappadocia, 274

Caracalla, constitution of, 229

Carinthia, 276

Carnivora, 22

=Carpenter, Edward=, 10

Carthaginian, 8, 237, 276

Cassiodorus, 283–4

Cassius, 239

Cassius Severus, 243

Cassius Viscellinus, 215

Castration, 160

Cathaia, 129

Catiline, 241

Catullus, 240

Celtic races, 120, 121, 258

Ceres, 215

_Cervus Campestris_, 22

=Chabas, M.=, 111

Chang-Chau, department of, 66, 68

Chanoines du Saint Esprit, 295

Ch’aou, 55

Charlevoix, 42

Château de Bicêtre, 308

=Chavannes, Edouard=, 50

_Chelonia_, 20

Chen, protest of, against infanticide, 62

Chikandini, 124

Child-labour, 282, 313, 314, 318, 325, 333

Child-slaves, 154, 213, 237, 266, 289, 290, 291, 319, 320–323

Child-welfare societies, beginnings of, 333, 334, 335

Childebert, 293

China, child-welfare movement in, 335

_China. Das Reich der Mitte_, 68

_China in Decay_, 69

Chinese, 9;
customs, 19, 149, 150;
influence in Japan, 77;
odes, 48;
philosophy, 157

Ch’ing, 53

Choentche, Chinese Emperor, 55, 59

Choo, people of, 54

Chou King, 47

Chow dynasty, 50

Chowkidar, 137

Chremes, 217–21

Christianity, 13, 14, 251, 252, 257, 271

Christian missionaries in Europe, 275, 276

Chronicles, II., 166

_Chronicles of Japan_, 72

Chun, Chinese Emperor, 47

Church, 268, 273, 287, 288, 289, 303

Chu’un Ts’ew, 54

Chwolsohn, D., 140

Cicero, 11, 234

Cimbrians, 240

Circumcision, 160

Cité de St.-Landry, Paris, 306, 307

Citharion, 187

_Civilisation ches les Francs_, 275

_Civilization of China_, 70

Claudius, Emperor, 230

Claudius, F., 243

Clay figures substituted in sacrifice, 79, 80

Clement XIV., Pope, 231

Clement of Alexandria, 259, 261

Clothing industry in United States, 332

Clovis II., King, 290

Cnut, laws of, 292

Coition, ceremonies over, 124

Columba, 275

Columbanus, 276

Commodus, 260

Confucius, 7, 87

_Conquista del Peru_, 145

Constantine, 222, 252, 264, 269, 273

Constantinople, 177, 273

Continence, 260

Copenhagen, sacrifices, 152, 153

Coquebert, 306

Coronis, 187

Cosilinum, city of, 285

Cotton factories, 325, 333

Council, of Agde, 270;
of Ancyra, 268;
of Arles, 270;
of Constantinople, 268;
of Elvira, 268;
of Marseilles approves charity, 296;
of Nicæa, 268;
of Nice, 293;
of Rouen, 289;
of Vaison, 269

Court, children’s, 338

Courtesans, 26, 204, 205, 242

_Covenant, Threshold_, 152, 153, 154, 161

=Cratinus, the younger=, 205

_Creditur virgini_, 305

Crescentius, 259

=Crespigny, Lieut. de=, 23

Crete, 186, 189, 190

=Crobylus=, 205

Crom-Cruach, worship of, 276

=Crooke, W.=, 148, 155

Crotopos, 187

_Cuneiform Parallels to the Old Testament_, 99

Cuq, 95

=Curr, E. M.=, 37

=Curzon=, 311

D

Dacier, Madame, 220

Dahomey, 121, 154

Dale, Godfrey, 35

_Daphnis and Chloe_, 195, 200, 203

Daremberg and Saglio, 186

Darius Hystaspis, 91

Darwin, Charles, 4, 43

_Das Kind in Brauch und Sitte der Völker_, 35

Dasyas, 122

Datheus, Archbishop of Milan, 13, 293, 294, 299, 302

David, 165

=Davis, J. M.=, 43

=Davoud-Oughlou, G. A.=, 279, 282

_Dawn of Civilization_, 109

=Dawson, James=, 33

_Debilitans Expositos_, 242

De Breuil, 300

De Bry, 146

=de Chateauneuf, Benoiston=, 307

_Découvertes en Chaldée_, 94

Deformed children, 151, 306;
Australia, 38;
Greece, 186;
India, 129;
Rome, 212, 213

_De homine replegiando_, writ, 336

=Deissmann, Adolph=, 119

Deity of Eight Thousand Spears, 75

de la Crau, Olivier, 295

de Meulant, Bishop of Paris, 300

=Democritus=, 194

=de Morgan, J.=, 99

Demosthenes, 206

=Deneker, J.=, 19

=Denman, R. D.=, 315

_Descent of Man_, 43

Destruction, god of, 149

_De Verborum Significatione_, 223, 242

=D’Horme, P.=, 99

Dhurma Shastra, 134

Dietrich (Theodoric), 283

Diocletian, 272

Diodorus Siculus, 114, 116, 117, 128

Dion Cassius, 237

Dionysius Halicarnassus, 8

Dionysus, 187

Diphilus, 196

_Divine Institutes_, 254, 255

“Divine” origin of infanticide, 132

Divorce, 182, 223

Domitian, 225

Doomsday Book, Assyrian, 103

_Doqhutiya_, professional kidnappers, 155

Dorians, 186

Dosajee Jhareja, 136

=Douglas, Robert K.=, 69

Dreyerie tribe, 38

=Droppers, Garrett=, 83

Drowning of children, 55, 67, 123, 144, 261, 262

=Du Berry, Abbé=, 291

=Dubois, Dr. Eugene=, 15, 46

=du Chaillu, Paul=, 23

=Duff, Archibald=, 139

=Dugour, A. J.=, 217, 260, 282

=Dumeril=, 306

Duncan, Jonathan, 129

=Dunham, S. A.=, 273

=Dunlop, O. J.=, 315

_Durante matrimonio_, 246

Duruy, 238

Dussaud, René, 105

Dutch, in China, 57

Dyaks, sacrifices, 154

Dyetinet, named after child, 153

E

Eannatum, 94

_Early Ideas_, 125

East India Company, 130

Eastern Roman Empire, 287, 288

Ecclesiastes, 111

_Ecclesiastical History_, 274, 275

Edomites, 166

Edward the Martyr, 292

Egypt, 112, 113, 160;
3366 B. C., 111

Egyptian, civilization, 6;
conditions, 3000 B. C., 108;
deities of children, 110;
Hamites, 106;
philosophy, 157

Egyptians, 19, 91;
attitude toward death, castes, 107

_Egyptian Tales_, 112

Elamites, 91

=Ellis, William=, 41, 43

=Ellwood, Charles=, 4

Elohim, 158

Eloi, St., 291

Emperor, Joseph II., 257;
Julian, 278;
Theodosius, 263

Enfants-Dieu, House of, 301

_Enfants Trouvés_, 287

England, asylums in, 298;
child-welfare movement in, 334;
children sold, 290;
early attitude toward children, 292

_Épaves_, legal charge on nobles, 304

Epictetus, 236

Epidaurus, 187

=Erman, A.=, 112, 117

Ethiopia, 274

Etirtu, adoption of, 104

Etolians, 187

_Études Égyptiennes_, 110

Eunice, Saint, child slave, 291

Eunuchs, abolition of, 59

Euripides, 191, 201

Eusebius, Bishop of Vercelli, 274, 275

=Evans, Sir John=, 15

Excavations, Babylonian, 92;
at Gezer, 150, 151, 166, 200;
at Megiddo, 151;
at Tell Ta’Annek, 151, 166, 200;
at Thebes, 113

Exodus, 161

Exposed children, Visigoths, 282

Exposure, cause of, 192, 193;
Chinese, 52;
copper pots used in, 200;
Greeks, 199–208;
jewels for exposed children, 218;
Roman, 217, 258–262;
shame, cause of, 192

F

Factories, abuse in, 12, 319, 320

Fair, children sold at, 285

Family, labour contracted by, 314;
origin of, 18;
restricted, 37;
Sumerian, size of, 97

Famine, in China, 49, 57;
in Israel, 165;
in Japan, 82, 83;
cause of infanticide, 177

Fathers, power of, in Gaul, 276, 277;
saved by son’s sacrifice, 144, 146;
status dependent on children, Rome, 227;
teachings of Christian, 267

Faubourg, St. Lazare, 308;
St. Victor, 307

=Faust, A. K.=, 87

Faustina, 245

=Featherman, A.=, 16, 17

Female child, 118, 144, 210

Female sacrifice, Japan, 81

“Female-Who-Invite,” 74

Festus, 242

Field of slaughter (Magh-Sleacth), 276

Fines, for killing child, 279, 280;
for permitting child to live, 38;
for reselling children, 291

Fingen, 276

First-born, sacrifice of, 39, 93, 139, 140, 145, 149;
to the Ganges, 148;
child, eaten, 147;
male, sacrificed, in Florida, 147

_Fisc_, sale of children by, 263

Fishermen, find children in nets, 297

=Fison and Howitt=, 42

Fleinz, Enrad, 297

_Florilegium_, 198

_Folk-Lore, American_, 156

Folk-lore of Northern India, 148

Foochow, 66

Food, human, for deities, 81;
infants as food for swine, 262

=Foreman, John=, 44

Forum Boarium, 242

Fou Hi, Emperor of China, 19

Fou Kien, Province of, 55

Foundation sacrifices, 82, 149, 150–52, 161

Foundlings, Arab, 180, 181, 182;
liberty of, 270;
mutilating, 243–44;
property rights in, 269;
as slaves, 266;
substitution, 205;
Sumarian, 102;
treasury paid for, 181

France, 302, 303

François the First, 299

Frankish Bishops, 275

Franks, 274, 279, 290

=Freeman, E. A.=, 257

Freemen, Arab, 181

Fridolin, 276

Fuegians, 29

Fuhkien, _see_ Fou Kien

Fulvius, A., 240

Funerals, Roman, 225

Futteh Mahommed Jemadar, 136

G

Gaillard, Abbé, 293, 295, 296, 310

=Gaius=, 227

Galatia, 274

Galdinus, Cardinal, 299

Galli, 262

Gallio, 243

Gallus, or Callich, 276

_Gallus_ (Becker), 223, 224, 225

Ganga, 123

Ganga Jatra, 148

=Gason, Samuel=, 38

Gaul, missionary work in, 275;
power of father in, 276, 277;
selling children in, 291

Gauls, 92, 276

Gautama, 7

Gazelles, 22

Genesis, 100, 159

=Genouillac, H. de=, 97

Gephids, 274

Germanic races, 258

_Germanicus_, of Tacitus, 277

Germany, asylums in, 298;
children sold, 290;
sacrifices in, 152, 154

Gerry, Elbridge T., 336

_Gesta Christi_, 258

=Gibbon, Edward=, 212

Gibeonites, 165

Gilds, 314

Gilead, 164

=Giles, H. A.=, 50, 70

=Glotz, G.=, 192, 194

Gna, Saxon king, 296

God, of destruction, 149;
of the young, 98

Gohuls, 136

Golden calf, worship of, 161, 162

=Goodrich, J. K.=, 88

Gorillas, 23

Gortyna, 189, 190, 193

Goshen, 139

Gothic language, 275

Goths, 120, 177;
apostle of, 275

Gottheil, Professor, 125

Goulburn, 43, 147

Gowland collection, 80

Gratian, Emperor, 247, 266

Great Bassam, in Africa, 153

Great First Emperor, China, 51

Greece, 107

Greeks, 9, 19, 90, 92;
adoption among, 204;
exposure among, 199–208;
morality, 5, 6;
philosophy, 157

=Greenidge=, 222

Gregorian codes, 270

Gregory, apostolic mission, 291

=Gregory I., Pope=, 291

=Grenfell and Hunt=, 119

=Griffis, W. E.=, 82, 83

=Grimm, Jacob=, 141, 153, 154, 155

=Groote, J. J. M. de=, 149, 150

=Guizot, François P. G.=, 277

=Gulick, S. L.=, 88

=Guppy, H. B.=, 37

Guy of Montpellier, 295, 296

H

Hachijo, island of, 72

Hadrian, 163, 236, 237, 245, 246

=Hall, G. Stanley=, 18

=Hall, H. R.=, 112

Halle, 154

Hamasa, 177

=Hamilton, Charles=, 180

Hamites, Egyptian, 106

Hammurabi, 92, 99, 100, 102

Hand, sign of law, 211

Hang Hoi, 55

Hani-wa (clay rings), 80

Hariskandra, 126

=Harper, R. F.=, 103

Harris papyrus, No. 500, 110

=Harrison, E. J.=, 87

Hastinapur, 123

Ha’tshepest, 112

Hawaii, 43

He, Duke, 54

_He Who Brings Buried Girls to Life_, 175

_Heautontimorumenos_, 197

Hebrews, 116, 142

Hector, 185

_Hecyra_, 193

Hegira, 170

Heliodorus, 193

Hellenes, 120

Henry II., edict of, 305

Hephaistos, 186, 187

Hera, 98

Hermaphrodites, 259

Hermogenian code, 270

Herodotus, 90, 121, 160

=Herrera, Antonio de=, 146, 147

Hesiod, 186, 195

Hestia, goddess of the hearth, 193

Hexateuch, 158

Hia, Emperor of China, 47

Hiao King, 52

Hibasuhime-no-Mikoto, 79

Hidana, infant education, Arab, 183

Hidaya, 180

Hide-no-are, compiler of _Kojiki_, 71

Hien Fong, Chinese Emperor, 65

Himyarite period, of Arabic history, 169

Hind, protects child, 187

Hippopotamus, 22

_Histoire du Bas Empire_, 291

_Histoire des Enfants Trouvés_, 287

_Histoire du Kamchatka_, 35

_Histoire de Languedoc_, 303

_Histoire de la Legislation des Anciens Germains_, 279

_History of the Church_, 275

_History of Circumcision_, 160

_History of the Criminal Law of England_, 216

_History of European Morals_, 258

_History of the Factory Movement_, 324

_History of Human Marriage_, 41

_History of Ireland_, 276

_History of Paraguay_, 42

_History of the People of Israel_, 158

_History of Sumer and Akkad_, 91, 92

Hloth, laws of, 292

Hobhouse, J., 326

=Hodgkin, Thomas=, 286

Ho Long Tou, 57

Holy men, liberated slaves, 290, 291

Homer, 11, 121, 185

_Homeric Studies_, 185

Honoratus, 275

Honorius, 266, 269

Horner, Mr., speech in Parliament, 324

Hosea, 167

Hospital, of Montpellier, 303;
of Saint Esprit, 295, 296

Hospitaliers, work of, 296

_Hôtel-Dieu_, of Lyons, 299

House of Pity, 61

How Tseih, legend of, 52

Humanitarianism, 163, 332

=Hunter, W. A.=, 213

Hurers, ordinances of, 313

Hurreebhyee, Jhareja, 136

Hydaspes, River, 128

_Hydromus coypus_, 22

Hyperboreans, 46

Hyphasis, River, 128

Hystaspis, Darius, 91

I

Iberians, 121

Ichneumon, 22

Idiots, sale of, 319

Idols, sacrificing children to, 145, 146;
in Israel, 161, 162;
-worship, Irish, 276

Idzumo, land of, 79

Iliad, 185

Illarion, letter from, 118

Illyricum, 274

_In the South Seas_, 38

Ina, king of Wessex, 282

=Ina-Uruk-rishat=, 104

India, 148, 149, 152, 155, 335

Indian philosophy, 157

Indians, of America, 18, 145, 146, 147;
of Asia, 120;
Peruvian, 144, 145, 146

Indo-European speech, 91

Indonesian races, 24

Industrial records, in Middle Ages, 313

Infant kings, Anglo-Saxon, 292

Infanticide, 9, 38, 63, 132, 147, 148, 213;
Arab, 174, 175, 176, 177;
Germanic and Frankish peoples, 279;
Japan, 78;
Papua, 26;
Proclamations against, 56, 61, 64;
Roman, 258, 259, 263;
checked by Mussulmans, 178, 179, 180

Infants, as food for swine, 262

Informers, 288

Inga, or Inca, 146

Inheritance, of childless person, Rome, 227;
of unmarried person, Rome, 227;
through daughters, 112

Innocent III., Pope, 296

Inscriptions, Arabic, 169, 170, 171

Inspection of children, 129

_Institutes of Justinian_, 210, 247

Investigation in factories, 320

Ion, 187, 191, 200

Iona, 275

Iranians, 91

Isaac, 158

Istar, 99

Italy, 264;
asylums in, 298;
children sold, 290, 291, 337;
first child-welfare movement in, 334

Iyenari, 83

Iyeyasu, 86

Izana-mi-no-kami, 74

Izani-gi-no-kami, 74

J

Jahilliya, 171

Jahvist, 158

Jami Saghir, 182

Japan, Aha, island of, 74;
Bronze age, 72;
Buddhist influence, 77;
building sacrifice, 82;
cannibalism, 83, 84;
Chinese influence, 77;
clay figures, 79, 80, 81;
Confucius, influence, 87;
early marriage, 74, 75;
famine, 83, 84;
first inhabitants, 71;
Hachijo, island of, 72;
heavenly deities, 74;
Izana-mi-no-kami, 74;
Izani-gi-no-kami, 74;
Jimmu, Emperor, 71, 75;
_Kojiki_, ancient records, 71;
Korean influence, 78;
_Nihongi_, chronicles, 72;
Nitobe, Inazo, 72;
Nomi-no-Sukune, 79, 80, 81;
Origin of present-day Japanese, 71;
parturition house, 72, 73, 74;
reforms under Yoshimune, 85, 86;
sacrifices 152;
sacrifice, human, abolished, 78, 79, 80;
sacrifice, to deity, of wild animals, 81;
Samurai, 82, 86, 87, 88;
Shintoism, 78;
slavery of children, 85, 86;
social evil, 87;
vicarious punishment, 85;
Yamato-hiko, 78

_Japanese Nation in Evolution_, 82, 83

Jasus, 187

Java, 46

Jehoram, 165

Jehosophat, 165

Jelibo (primitive courtesans), 26

Jephtha, 164

Jeremiah, 167

Jerez, Francisco de, 145

Jerusalem, 167, 274

Jesuits, 49

Jesus, 7

Jewish Prophets, 7

Jhallas, 136

Jharejas, 131, 132, 133

Jimmu, Emperor of Japan, 71, 75

=Johns, C. H. W.=, 99

=Johnson, Sir H. H.=, 17

Joseph II., Emperor, 237

Joshua, 161

Josiah, 167

Jove, 186

=Jowett, B.=, 188

Judaism, 14

Judges, period of, 162;
Book of, 164

Juju, sacrifice to, 154

Jukhima, 130

Julian, the Apostate, 278

Julianus Salvius, edict of, 245

Julius Firmicus, 265, 266

=Junius=, 191

Juno, 98

Jurisprudence, Mussulman, 180

_Jus Quirium_, 211

Justin Martyr, 249, 259, 275;
discourse of, 249, 250

Justinian, 210;
code of, 247, 289;
wars of, 178

K

=Keane, A. H.=, 15, 24

=Key, Ellen=, 5

=Kidd, Benjamin=, 5

_Kojiki_, ancient Japanese records, 71

Kotzebue, Otto von, 37, 40

_Kur-an_, Selections from, 176, 177

_Kutrai_ (copper pots), 200

L

La Boulaye, 278

=Labourt=, 268, 269

Lachlan, the, New South Wales, 43, 147

Lacita, daughter of Ozaim, 177

=Lactantius=, 254, 261, 263

Lactaria, 242

=Ladd, G. T.=, 3

_La Femme dans l’Antiquité_, 100

=Lafitau, P.=, 145

Lagash, 94, 96

_L’Allemand_, 282

Lame children, 212, 213

=Lane, E. W.=, 177

=Lang, Andrew=, 185

Languedoc, historians of, 295, 303

Larousse, Dictionnaire, 290

=Lauterer, Dr. Joseph=, 68