Chapter I: Part 1

[Every attempt has been made to replicate the original as printed. Some typographical errors have been corrected; a list follows the text. (note of etext transcriber.)]

THE

CHRONICLES OF CRIME.

_The Man with the Carpet Bag._

"In an instant the smile of the hostess turned to a frown, and, without further explanation, she exclaimed, looking over the bar at the same time at my unfortunate carpet-bag, 'No, sir; we have no room; it won't do here'."]

CHRONICLES OF CRIME

_Edited by Camden Pelham_

OF THE INNER TEMPLE BARRISTER-AT LAW
with
ILLUSTRATIONS FROM ORIGINAL DRAWINGS
BY PHIZ

"His worship, seeing me, said, 'For God's sake, young man, assist me
up.' I stooped down & helped his worship up, the female servants
assisting him behind."]

THE
CHRONICLES OF CRIME;

OR,

The New Newgate Calendar.

BEING

A SERIES OF MEMOIRS AND ANECDOTES

OF

NOTORIOUS CHARACTERS

WHO HAVE OUTRAGED THE LAWS OF GREAT BRITAIN FROM THE EARLIEST
PERIOD TO 1841.

COMPRISING

COINERS.
EXTORTIONERS.
FORGERS.
FRAUDULENT BANKRUPTS.
FOOTPADS.
HIGHWAYMEN.
HOUSEBREAKERS.
INCENDIARIES.
IMPOSTORS.
MURDERERS.
MUTINEERS.
MONEY-DROPPERS.
PIRATES.
PICKPOCKETS.
RIOTERS.
SHARPERS.
TRAITORS.
&c., &c.

INCLUDING

A NUMBER OF CURIOUS CASES NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.

EMBELLISHED WITH FIFTY-TWO ENGRAVINGS,

FROM ORIGINAL DRAWINGS BY "PHIZ."

BY CAMDEN PELHAM, ESQ.,

OF THE INNER TEMPLE, BARRISTER-AT-LAW.

VOL. I.

LONDON:
T. MILES & CO., 95, UPPER STREET.
1887.

PREFACE

Few words are necessary to introduce to our readers a work, the character and the object of which are so legibly written upon its title-page. "Chronicles of Crime" must comprise details, not only interesting to every person concerned for the welfare of society, but useful to the world in pointing out the consequences of guilt to be equally dreadful and inevitable. It is to be regretted that in most of the works of the present day, little attention is paid to the ultimate moral or beneficial effects to be produced by them upon the public mind; and that while every effort is made to afford amusement, no care is taken to produce those general impressions, so necessary to the maintenance of virtue and good order. The advantages of precept are everywhere admitted and extolled; but still more effectual are the lessons which are taught through the influence of example, whose results are but too frequently fatal. The representation of guilt with its painful and degrading consequences, has been universally considered to be the best means of warning youth against the danger of temptation;--the benefits to be expected from example are too plainly exhibited by the infliction of punishment to need repetition; and the more generally the effects of crime are shown, and the more the horrors which precede detection and the deplorable fate of the guilty are made known, the greater is the probability that the atrocity of vice may be abated and the security of the public promoted.

Having said thus much in recommendation of the object of this work, a few words as to its precise character may be added. Amusement and instruction are alike the results which are hoped to be secured. It is admitted by men, whose desire it is to make themselves acquainted with human nature, that jails and other places of confinement afford them a wide field for contemplation. The study of life, in all its varieties, is one no less interesting than useful. The ingenuity of thieves, depicted in their crimes, is a theme upon which all have opportunities to remark, in their passage through a life of communication with the world; and no less worthy of observation are the offences of men, whose outrages or cruelties have rendered them amenable to the laws, framed for the protection of society. All afford matter of contemplation to the mind, most likely to be attended with useful results. It may be observed that to persons of vicious inclination, effects the opposite to those which are suggested may be produced; but an answer as conclusive as it is just may be given to any such remark. The consequences of crime are as clearly exhibited as its motives and its supposed advantages, and few are hardy enough to declare or to exhibit a carelessness for punishment, or a contempt for the bitter fruits of their misdeeds. Presenting an example, therefore, of peculiar usefulness, it is trusted that the work will be found no less interesting than instructive. Combining these two most important qualities to secure its success, it is hoped that the patronage afforded it will be at least commensurate with the pains which have been bestowed upon its production.

It will be observed that in the preparation of these pages much care has been taken to preserve those features only which are likely to be acceptable to society. The most scrupulous attention has been paid to the rejection of such instances of guilt, the circumstances of which might be deemed unfit for general perusal. In a compass so circumscribed as that to which the work is confined, it would be impossible to give the history of every criminal who has undergone punishment for his offences, during the period to which our Chronicles extend: neither is that the object of the work. It is intended to embrace within its limits all those cases which from their details present outlines of attraction. The earlier pages are derived from sources of information peculiarly within the reach of the Editor, while those of a later period are compiled from known authorities as accurate as they are complete.

The comparison of the offences, and of the punishments of the last century, with those of more recent date, will exhibit a marked distinction between the two periods, both as to the atrocity of the one, and the severity of the other. Those dreadful and frequent crimes, which would disgrace the more savage tribes, and which characterised the lives of the early objects of our criminal proceedings, are now no longer heard of; and those characters of blood, in which the pages of our Statute-book were formerly written, have been wiped away by improved civilisation and the milder feelings of the people. It is but just to say that the provisions of a wise Parliament have not been unattended with proper results. Humanity has been permitted to temper the stern demands of justice; and however atrocious, it must be admitted, some of the crimes may be which have been recently perpetrated, and however numerous the offenders-it cannot be denied that the general aspect of the state of crime in this country is now infinitely less alarming than formerly.

The necessity for punishment as the consequence of crime, can neither be doubted nor denied. Without it the bonds of society must be broken--government in no form could be upheld. If, then, example be the object of punishment, and peace and good order, nay, the binding together of the community, be its effects, how useful must be a work, whose intention is to hold out that example which must be presumed to be the foundation of a well-ordered society.

The cases will be found to be arranged chronologically, which, it is presumed, will afford the most satisfactory and the most easy mode of reference. This advantage is, however, increased by the addition of copious indices.

LONDON, JULY 1, 1840.

CONTENTS.

NOTE.--_The offence mentioned opposite to each name is that alleged against the person charged._

PAGE

ADAMS, Agnes. Forgery, 505

ALDEN, Martha. Murder, 445

ALLEN, George. Murder, 444

ALLEN, William. Returned Transport, 330

ARMITAGE, Richard. Forgery, 506

ASLETT, Robert. Embezzlement, 410

ATKINS, James, _alias_ Hill, _alias_ Jack the Painter. Arson, 269

ATTAWAY, James. Burglary, 226

ARAM, Eugene. Murder, 168

AVERSHAW, Lewis Jeremiah. Murder, 347

BAILEY, Richard. Burglary, 226

BALFOUR, Alexander. Murder, 3

BALMERINO, Lord. Treason, 107

BALTIMORE, Lord. Rape, 213

BARRINGTON, George, _alias_ Waldron. Pickpocket, 363

BATEMAN, Mary. Murder, 458

BELLINGHAM, John. Murder, 527

BENSON, Mary, _alias_ Phipoe. Murder, 358

BIRMINGHAM RIOTS (1780), 326

BLACKBURN, Joseph. Forgery, 575

BLAKE, Joseph, _alias_ Blueskin. Burglary, 35

BLANDY, Mary. Parricide, 148

BODKIN, John, and Dominick. Murder, 105

BOLLAND, James. Forgery, 229

BOUNTY, Mutiny of, 328

BOURNE, John. Conspiracy, 332

BRADFORD, Jonathan. Murder, 107

BRIANT, Mary. Returned Transport, 330

BRISTOL, Countess of, _alias_ Duchess of Kingston. Bigamy, 250

BROADRIC, Ann. Murder, 343

BROWN, Nicol. Murder, 157

BROWN, Joseph. Murder, 456

BROWNRIGG, Elizabeth. Murder, 204

BURT, Samuel. Forgery, 316

BURGH, Rev. Richard. Conspiracy, 332

BUTCHER, John. Returned Transport, 330

BUTTERWORTH, William. Murder, 342

BUXTON, James. Murder, 202

CADDELL, George. Murder, 7

CAMERON, Dr. Archibald. Treason, 154

CAMPBELL, Alexander. Murder, 452

CAMPBELL, Mungo. Murder, 227

CARR, John. Forgery, 124

CARROLL, Barney. Cutting and Maiming, 197

CARSON, Thomas. Murder, 590

CAULFIELD, Frederick. Murder, 141

CHANDLER, William. Perjury, 145

CHARTERIS, Col. Francis. Rape, 76

CLAYTON, John. Burglary, 522

COBBY, John. Murder, 127

COLLEY, Thomas. Murder, 138

COOK, Thomas. Murder, 8

COOKE, Arundel. Cutting and Maiming, 31

COOPER, James. Murder, 454

COUCHMAN, Samuel. Mutiny, 131

COYLE, Richard. Piracy, 84

COX, Jane. Murder, 507

CUMMINGS, John. Conspiracy, 332

CROSSWELL, John. Conspiracy, 49

DAGOE, Hannah. Robbery, 197

DAVIS, James. Conspiracy, 332

DAWSON, Daniel. Poisoning Race-horses, 524

DAWSON, James. Treason, 122

DE BUTTE, Louis, _alias_ Mercier. Murder, 272

DE LA MOTTE, Francis Henry. Treason, 301

DERWENTWATER, Earl Of. Treason, 19

DESPARD, Col. Edward Marcus. Treason, 389

DIGNUM, David Brown. Fraud, 268

DIVER, Jenny, _alias_ Mary Young. Pickpocket, 96

DIXON, Margaret. Murder, 71

DODD, Dr. William. Forgery, 274

DONALLY, James. Robbery, 292

DOWNIE, David. Treason, 335

DRAMATTI, John Peter. Murder, 9

DREW, Charles. Parricide, 102

DUNCAN, William. Murder, 436

DURNFORD, Abraham. Robbery, 292

ELBY, William. Murder, 10

EMMET, Robert. Treason, 382

FARMERY, William. Murder, 236

FARRELL, James, _alias_ Buck. Murder, 202

FAVEY, James, _alias_ O'Coigley. Treason, 360

FENNING, Elizabeth. Murder, 569

FERGUSON, Richard, _alias_ Galloping Dick. Robbery, 371

FERRERS., Earl. Murder, 181

FLEET MARRIAGES, 159

FOSTER, George. Murder, 380

FRANCIS, John. Treason, 389

FRYER, James. Burglary, 288

GADESBY, William. Robbery, 325

GALLOPING DICK, _alias_ Richard Ferguson. Robbery, 371

GARDELLE, Theodore. Murder, 188

GENTLEMAN HARRY, _alias_ Henry Sterne. Robbery, 315

GIDLEY, George. Murder, 199

GOODERE, Capt. Samuel. Murder, 103

GORDON, Thomas. Murder, 318

GOW, John. Piracy, 72

GRANT, Jeremiah. Burglary, 588

GREGG, William. Treason, 12

GRIERSON, Rev. Jno., unlawful performance of the Marriage Ceremony, 159

GRIFFENBURG, Elizabeth. Accessory to a Rape, 213

GRIFFITHS, William. Robbery, 234

GUEST, William. Diminishing the Coin of the Realm, 203

HACKMAN, the Rev. James. Murder, 289

HADFIELD, James. Treason, 370

HATFIELD, John. Forgery, 394

HAGGERTY, Owen. Murder, 437

HAMILTON, Col. John. Manslaughter, 16

HAMMOND, John. Murder, 127

HARDWICK, James. Conspiracy, 349

HARRIS, Samuel. Murder, 311

HARVEY, Anne. Accessory To a Rape, 213

HAWDEN, John. Conspiracy, 349

HAWES, Nathaniel. Robbery, 28

HAYDEN, James. Conspiracy, 349

HAYES, Catherine. Murder, 65

HAYWOOD, Richard. Robbery, 417

HEALD, Joseph. Murder, 378

HEBBERFIELD, William. Forgery, 521

HENDERSON, Matthew. Murder, 116

HENLEY, John. Conspiracy, 349

HILL, James, _alias_ Jack the Painter, 269

HODGES, Joseph. Cross-dropping, 351

HOLLOWAY, John. Murder, 437

HOLMES, John. Body-stealing, 273

HORNE, William Andrew. Murder, 179

HORNER, Thomas. Burglary, 288

HOUSDEN, Jane. Murder, 18

HUNTER, the Rev. Thomas. Murder, 1

HUTCHINSON, Amy. Murder, 133

JACKSON, the Rev. Mr. Treason, 346

JACK THE PAINTER, _alias_ Hill. Arson, 269

JACOBS, Simon. Conspiracy, 349

JEFFRIES, Elizabeth. Murder, 152

JENKINS, William. Burglary, 522

JENNISON, Francis. Murder, 342

JOBBINS, William. Arson, 324

JOHNSON, William. Murder, 18

JONES, Laurence. Robbery, 333

KEARINGE, Matthew. Arson & Murder, 453

KEELE, Richard. Murder, 18

KENDALL, Richard. Robbery, 552

KENMURE, Lord. Treason, 19

KIDD, Capt. John. Piracy, 4

KILMARNOCK, Earl Of. Treason, 107

KING, William. Cutting and Maiming, 197

KINGSTON, Duchess of, _alias_ Countess of Bristol. Bigamy., 250

KNIGHT, Thomas. Mutiny, 131

LANCEY, Capt. John. Arson, 156

LAYER, Christopher. Treason, 32

LAZARUS, Jacob. Murder, 227

LE MAITRE, Peter. Stealing, 267

LEONARD, John. Rape, 235

LILLY, Nathaniel. Returned Transport, 330

LISLE, _alias_ Major J. G. Semple. Swindling, 564

LONDON, Riots of, 295

LOVAT, Lord. Treason, 118

LOWE, Edward. Arson, 324

LOWTHER, William. Murder, 18

LUDDITES, The, 549

MAGNIS, Harriet. Child-stealing, 510

MAHONY, Matthew. Murder, 103

MALCOLM, Sarah. Murder, 79

MALE, Samuel. Robbery, 236

MARRS, Murder of the, 513

MARTIN, James. Returned Transport, 330

MASSEY, Capt. John. Piracy, 30

MATHISON, James. Forgery, 295

MAYNE, Robert. Mutiny, 196

M'CAN, Townley. Conspiracy, 332

M'CANELLY, John. Burglary, 151

MERRITT, Amos. Burglary, 237

MERCIER, Francis, _alias_ De Butte. Murder, 272

METYARD, Sarah, and Sarah Morgan. Murder, 210

MILLS, John. Murder, 132

MILLS, Richard. Murder, 127

M'ILVENA, Michael. Unlawfully performing the Marriage Ceremony, 560

MITCHELL, Samuel Wild. Murder, 415

MITCHELL, James. Murder, 562

M'KINLIE, Peter. Murder, 199

M'NAUGHTON, John. Murder, 191

MORGAN, Edward. Murder and Arson, 158

MORGAN, John. Mutiny, 131

MORGAN, Luke. Burglary, 151

MUTINY OF THE BOUNTY, 328

MUTINY AT THE NORE, 353

NEWTON, William. Robbery, 300

NICHOLSON, Philip. Murder, 555

NORE, Mutiny at, 353

NORTH, John. Murder, 311

O'COIGLEY, James, _alias_ Favey. Treason, 360

PAGE, William. Robbery, 165

PALEOTTI, Marquis de. Murder, 25

PALMER, John. Burglary, 448

PARKER, Richard. Mutiny, 353

PARSONS, William. Returned Transport, 142

PATCH, Richard. Murder, 430

PERFECT, Henry. Fraud, 419

PERREAU, Robert and Daniel. Forgery, 244

PHILLIPS, Thomas. Robbery, 27

PHILLIPS, Morgan. Murder and Arson, 294

PHILLIPS, John. Conspiracy, 349

PHIPOE, Maria Theresa, _alias_ Mary Benson. Murder, 358

PHIPPS, Thomas, Sen. and Jun. Forgery, 319

PICTON, Thomas. Unlawfully Applying The Torture, 423

PORTEOUS, Captain John. Murder, 81

PORTER, Solomon. Murder, 227

PRICE, John. Murder, 26

PRICE, George. Murder, 87

PRICE, Charles. Forgery, 312

PROBIN, Richard. Cross-dropping, 351

QUINTIN, ST., Richard. Murder, 199

RANN, John, _alias_ Sixteen-stringed Jack. Robbery, 242

RATCLIFFE, Charles. Treason, 118

RICHARDSON, John. Piracy, 84

RIOTS, BIRMINGHAM (1780), 326

RIOTS OF LONDON, 295

ROACH, Philip. Piracy, 34

ROSS, Norman. Murder, 136

ROWAN, Archibald Hamilton. Sedition, 340

RUDD, Margaret Caroline. Forgery, 249

RYAN, John. Arson and Murder, 453

RYLAND, William Wynne. Forgery, 308

SAWYER, William. Murder, 566

SCOLDWELL, Charles. Stealing, 350

SEMPLE, Major J. G. Swindling, 564

SHEEBY, Father. Murder, 202

SHEPPARD, James. Treason, 24

SHEPPARD, John. Burglary, 38

SIMMONS, Thomas. Murder, 450

SIXTEEN-STRINGED JACK. Robbery, 242

SLIGO, the Marquis of. Enticing Seamen from H.M. Navy, 526

SMITH, John. Robbery, 11

SMITH, John. Mutiny, 196

SMITH, Robert. Robbery, 379

SMITH, Francis. Murder, 399

SOLOMONS, John. Conspiracy, 349

SPENCER, Barbara. Coining, 27

SPIGGOT, William. Robbery ib.

STERNE, HENRY, _alias_ Gentleman Harry. Robbery, 315

SWAN, John. Murder, 152

TAPNER, Benjamin. Murder, 127

TERRY, John. Murder, 378

THOMAS, Charles. Forgery, 506

THORNHILL, Richard. Manslaughter, 15

TILLEY, William. Conspiracy, 349

TOWNLEY, Francis. Treason, 122

TRUSTY, Christopher. Returned Transport, 310

TURPIN, Richard. Robbery, 89

TYRIE, David. Treason, 307

UNDERWOOD, Thomas. Robbery, 325

VAUX, James Hardy. Privately Stealing, 481

WALDRON, George, _alias_ Barrington. Pickpocket, 363

WALL, Joseph. Murder, 374

WALSH, Benjamin. Felony, 511

WATT, Robert. Treason, 335

WEIL, Levi and Asher. Murder, 227

WHITE, Huffey. Robbery, 552

WHITE, Charles. Murder, 103

WHITING, Michael. Murder, 509

WHITMORE, John, _alias_ Old Dash. Rape, 504

WILD, Jonathan. Receiving Stolen Goods, 51

WILKINSON, the Rev. Mr. Unlawfully performing the Marriage Ceremony, 208

WILKES, John. Sedition, 220

WILLIAMSON, John. Murder, 208

WILLIAMSONS, Murder of the, 513

WILLIAMS, Peter. Body-stealing, 273

WILLIAMS, Renwick. Cutting and Maiming, 320

WINTON, Earl of. Treason, 19

WOODBURNE, John. Cutting and Maiming, 31

WOOD, Joseph. Robbery, 325

WOOD, John. Treason, 389

YORK, William. Murder, 127

YOUNG, Mary, _alias_ Jenny Diver. Pickpocket, 96

ZEKERMAN, Andrew. Murder, 199

THE CHRONICLES OF CRIME,

OR,

THE NEW NEWGATE CALENDAR.

THE REV. THOMAS HUNTER.

EXECUTED FOR THE MURDER OF HIS PUPILS.

The case of this criminal, who was executed in the year 1700, for the barbarous murder of his two pupils, the children of a gentleman named Gordon, an eminent merchant, and a baillie, or alderman of the City of Edinburgh, is the first on our record; and, certainly, for its atrocity, deserves to be placed at the head of the list of offences which follows its melancholy recital. From the title of the offender, it will be seen that he was a preacher of the word of God; and that a person in his situation in life should suffer so ignominious an end for such a crime, is indeed extraordinary; but how much more horrible is the fact which is related to us, that on the scaffold, when all hope of life and of repentance was past, he expressed his disbelief in that God whom it was his profession to uphold, and whose omnipotence it had been his duty to teach!

The malefactor, it would appear, was born of most respectable parents, his father being a rich farmer in the county of Fife, and at an early age he was sent to the University of St. Andrew's for his education. His success in the pursuit of classical knowledge soon enabled him to take the degree of Master of Arts, and his subsequent study of divinity was attended with as favourable results. Upon his quitting college, in accordance with the practice of the time he entered the service of Mr. Gordon in the capacity of chaplain, in which situation it became his duty to instruct the sons of his employer, children respectively of the ages of eight and ten years. The family consisted of Mr. and Mrs. Gordon, the two boys, their sister (a girl younger than themselves), Mr. Hunter, a young woman who attended upon Mrs. Gordon, and the usual menial servants. The attention of Hunter was attracted by the comeliness of the lady's-maid, and a connexion of a criminal nature was soon commenced between them. The accidental discovery of this intrigue by the three children, was the ultimate cause of the deliberate murder of two of them by their tutor.

The young woman and Hunter had retired to the apartment of the latter, but, having omitted to fasten the door, the children entered and saw enough to excite surprise in their young minds. In their conversation subsequently at meal-time, they said so much as convinced their parents of what had taken place, and the servant-girl was instantly dismissed; while the chaplain, who had always been considered to be a person of mild and amiable disposition and of great genius, was permitted to remain, upon his making such amends to the family as were in his power, by apologising for his indiscretion. From this moment, however, an inveterate hatred for the children arose in his breast, and he determined to satisfy his revenge upon them by murdering them all. Chance for some time marred his plans, but he was at length enabled to put them into execution as regarded the two boys. It appears that he was in the habit of taking them to walk in the fields before dinner, and the girl on such occasions usually accompanied them, but at the time at which the murder of her brothers was perpetrated she was prevented from going with them. They were at the country-seat of Mr. Gordon, situated at a short distance only from Edinburgh, and an invitation having been received for the whole family to dine in that city, Mrs. Gordon desired that all the children might accompany her and her husband. The latter, however, opposed the execution of this plan, and the little girl only was permitted to go with her parents. The intention of the murderer to destroy all the children was by this means frustrated; but he still persevered in his bloody purpose with regard to the sons of his benefactor, whom he determined to murder while they were yet in his power. Proceeding with them in their customary walks, they all sat down together to rest; but the boys soon quitted their tutor to catch butterflies, and to gather the wild flowers which grew in abundance around them. Their murderer was at that moment engaged in preparing the weapon for their slaughter, and presently calling them to him, he reprimanded them for disclosing to their parents the particulars of the scene which they had witnessed, and declared his intention to put them to death. Terrified by this threat, they ran from him; but he pursued and overtook them, and then throwing one of them on the ground and placing his knee on his chest, he soon despatched his brother by cutting his throat with a penknife. This first victim disposed of, he speedily completed his fell purpose, with regard to the child whose person he had already secured. The deed, it will be observed, was perpetrated in open day; and it would have been remarkable, indeed, if, within half a mile of the chief city of Scotland, there had been no human eye to see so horrible an act. A gentleman who was walking on the Castle Hill had a tolerable view of what passed, and immediately ran to the spot where the deceased children were lying; giving the alarm as he went along, in order that the murderer might be secured. The latter, having accomplished his object, proceeded towards the river to drown himself, but was prevented from fulfilling his intention; and having been seized, he was soon placed in safe custody, intelligence of the frightful event being meanwhile conveyed to the parents of the unhappy children.

The prisoner was within a few days brought to trial, under the old Scottish law, by which it was provided that a murderer, being found with the blood of his victim on his clothes, should be prosecuted in the Sheriff's Court, and executed within three days. The frightful nature of the case rendered it scarcely uncharitable to pursue a law so vigorous according to its letter, and a jury having been accordingly impanelled, the prisoner was brought to trial, and pleaded guilty, adding the horrible announcement of his regret that Miss Gordon had escaped from his revenge. The sentence of death was passed upon the culprit by the sheriff, but it was directed to be carried into effect with the additional terms, that the prisoner should first have his right hand struck off; that he should then be drawn up to the gibbet, erected near the locality of the murder, by a rope; and that after execution, he should be hanged in chains, between Edinburgh and Leith, the weapon of destruction being passed through his hand, which should be advanced over his head, and fixed to the top of the gibbet. The sentence, barbarous as it may now appear, was carried into full execution on the 22nd of August, 1700; and frightful to relate, he, who in life had professed to be a teacher of the Gospel, on his scaffold declared himself to be an Atheist. His words were, "There is no God--or if there be, I hold him in defiance." The body of the executed man, having been at first suspended in chains according to the precise terms of his sentence, was subsequently, at the desire of Mr. Gordon, removed to the outskirts of the village of Broughton, near Edinburgh.

ALEXANDER BALFOUR.

CONVICTED OF MURDER.

The case of this criminal is worthy of some attention, from the very remarkable circumstances by which it was attended. The subject of this sketch was born in 1687, at the seat of his father, Lord Burley, near Kinross; and having studied successively at Orwell, near the place of his birth, and at St. Andrews, so successfully as to obtain considerable credit, he returned home, being intended by his father to join the army of the Duke of Marlborough, then in Flanders. Here he became enamoured of Miss Robertson, the governess of his sisters, however; and in order to break off the connexion he was sent to make the tour through France and Italy, the young lady being dismissed from the house of her patron. Balfour, before his quitting Scotland, declared his intention, if ever the young lady should marry, to murder her husband; but deeming this to be merely an empty threat, she was, during his absence, united to a Mr. Syme, with whom she went to live at Inverkeithing. On his return to his father's house, he learned this fact, and immediately proceeded to put his threat into execution. Mrs. Syme, on seeing him, remembering his expressed determination, screamed with affright; but her husband, unconscious of offence, advanced to her aid, and in the interim, Balfour entering the room, shot him through the heart. The offender escaped, but was soon afterwards apprehended near Edinburgh; and being tried, was convicted and sentenced to be beheaded by the _maiden_[1], on account of the nobility of his family.

The subsequent escape of the criminal from an ignominious end is not the least remarkable part of his case. The scaffold was actually erected for the purpose of his execution; but on the day before it was to take place his sister went to visit him, and, being very like him in face and stature, they changed clothes, and he escaped from prison. His friends having provided horses for him, he proceeded to a distant village, where he lay concealed until an opportunity was eventually offered him of quitting the kingdom. His father died in the reign of Queen Anne, but he had first obtained a pardon for his son, who succeeded to the title and honours of the family, and died in the year 1752, sincerely penitent for his crime.

CAPTAIN JOHN KIDD,

SURNAMED THE WIZARD OF THE SEAS, AND DARBY MULLINS.

HANGED FOR PIRACY.

The first-named subject of this memoir was born at Greenock, in Scotland, and was bred to the sea; and quitting his native land at an early age, he resided at New York, where he eventually became possessed of a small vessel, with which he traded among the pirates, and obtained a complete knowledge of their haunts. His ruling passion was avarice, although he was not destitute of that courage which became necessary in the profession in which he eventually embarked. His frequent remarks upon the subject of piracy, and the facility with which it might be checked, having attracted the attention of some considerable planters, who had recently suffered from the depredations of the marauders who infested the seas of the West Indies, obtained for him a name which eventually proved of great service to him. The constant and daring interruptions offered to trading ships, encouraged as they were by the inhabitants of North America, who were not loath to profit by the irregularities of the pirates, having attracted the attention of the Government, the Earl of Bellamont, an Irish nobleman of distinguished character and abilities, was sent out to take charge of the government of New England and New York, with special instructions upon the subject of these marine depredators. Colonel Livingston, a gentleman of property and consideration, was consulted upon the subject by the governor; and Kidd, who was then possessed of a sloop of his own, was recommended as a fit person to be employed against the pirates. The suggestion met the approbation of Lord Bellamont; but the unsettled state of public affairs rendered the further intervention of Government impossible; and a private company, consisting of the Duke of Shrewsbury, the Lord Chancellor Somers, the Earls of Romney and Oxford, Colonel Livingston, and other persons of rank, agreed to raise 6000_l._ to pay the expenses of a voyage, the purpose of which was to be directed to the removal of the existing evil; and it was agreed that the Colonel and Capt. Kidd, who was to have charge of the expedition, should receive one-fifth of the profits. A commission was then prepared for Kidd, directing him to seize and take pirates, and to bring them to justice; but the further proceedings of the Captain, and of his officers, were left unprovided for.

A vessel was purchased and manned, and she sailed under the name of the "Adventure," from London for New York, at the end of the year 1695. A French ship was seized as a prize during the voyage; and the vessel subsequently proceeded to the Madeira Islands, to Buonavista, and St. Jago, and thence to Madagascar, in search of further spoil. A second prize was subsequently made at Calicut, of a vessel of 150 tons burden, which was sold at Madagascar; and, at the termination of a few weeks, the "Adventure" made prize of the "Quedah Merchant," a vessel of 400 tons burden, commanded by an Englishman named Wright, and officered by two Dutch mates and a French gunner, and whose crew consisted of Moors. The captain having carried this vessel into Madagascar, he burned the "Adventure," and then proceeded to divide the lading of the prize with his crew, taking forty shares for himself.

He seems now to have determined to act entirely apart from his owners, and he accordingly sailed in the "Quedah Merchant" to the West Indies. At Anguilla and St. Thomas's, he was refused refreshments; but he eventually succeeded in obtaining supplies at Mona, between Porto Rico and Hispaniola, through the instrumentality of an Englishman named Button. This man, who thus at first affected to be friendly to the pirate, soon showed the extent to which his friendship was to be relied upon. He sold a sloop to Kidd, in which the latter sailed, leaving the "Quedah Merchant" in his care; but on proceeding to Boston, New England, he found his friend there before him, having disposed of the "Quedah Merchant" to the Spaniards, and having besides given information of his piratical expedition. He was now immediately seized by order of Lord Bellamont, before whom he endeavoured to justify his proceedings, by contending that he had taken none but lawful prizes; but his lordship transmitted an account of the whole transaction to England, requiring that a ship might be sent to convey Kidd home, in order that he might be punished. A great clamour arose upon this, and attempts were made to show that the proceedings of the pirate had been connived at by the projectors of the undertaking, and a motion was made in the House of Commons, that "The letters-patent granted to the Earl of Bellamont and others, respecting the goods taken from pirates, were dishonourable to the king, against the law of nations, contrary to the laws and statutes of this realm, an invasion of property, and destructive to commerce." Though a negative was put on this motion, yet the enemies of Lord Somers and the Earl of Oxford continued to charge those noblemen with giving countenance to pirates; and it was even insinuated that the Earl of Bellamont was not less culpable than the actual offenders. Another motion was in consequence made to address his Majesty, that "Kidd might not be tried till the next session of parliament; and that the Earl of Bellamont might be directed to send home all examinations and other papers relative to the affair." This was carried, and the king complied with the request which was made. As soon as Kidd arrived in England, he was sent for, and examined at the bar of the house, with a view to show the guilt of the parties who had been concerned in sending him on the expedition; but nothing arose to criminate any of those distinguished persons. Kidd, who was in some degree intoxicated, made a contemptible appearance at the bar of the house; and a member, who had been one of the most earnest to have him examined, violently exclaimed, "I thought the fellow had been only a knave, but unfortunately he happens to be a fool likewise." Kidd was at length tried at the Old Bailey, and was convicted on the clearest evidence; but neither at that time, nor afterwards, did he charge any of his employers with being privy to his infamous proceedings.

He was executed with one of his companions, at Execution Dock, on the 23d of May, 1701. After he had been tied up to the gallows, the rope broke, and he fell to the ground; but being immediately tied up again, the Ordinary, who had before exhorted him, desired to speak with him once more; and, on this second application, entreated him to make the most careful use of the few further moments thus providentially allotted to him for the final preparation of his soul to meet its important change. These exhortations appeared to have the wished-for effect; and he died, professing his charity to all the world, and his hopes of salvation through the merits of his Redeemer.

The companion in crime of this malefactor, and his companion also at the gallows, was named Darby Mullins. He was born in a village in the north of Ireland, about sixteen miles from Londonderry; and having resided with his father, and followed the business of husbandry till he was about eighteen, the old man then died, and the young one went to Dublin: but he had not been long there before he was enticed to go to the West Indies, where he was sold to a planter, with whom he resided four years. At the expiration of that term he became his own master, and followed the business of a waterman, in which he saved money enough to purchase a small vessel, in which he traded from one island to another, till the time of the earthquake at Jamaica in the year 1691, from the effects of which he was preserved in a miraculous manner. He afterwards went to Kingston, where he kept a punch-house, and then proceeding to New York, he married; but at the end of two years his wife dying, he unfortunately fell into company with Kidd, and joined him in his piratical practices. He was apprehended, with his commander, and, as we have already stated, suffered the extreme penalty of the law with him.

GEORGE CADDELL.

EXECUTED FOR THE MURDER OF MISS PRICE, WHOM HE HAD SEDUCED.

This delinquent was a native of Bromsgrove, in Worcestershire, where he was articled to an apothecary. Having served his time, he proceeded to London to complete his studies in surgery, and he then entered the service of Mr. Randall, a surgeon at Worcester, as an assistant. He was here admired for his extremely amiable character, as well as for the abilities which he possessed; and he married the daughter of his employer, who, however, died in giving birth to her first child. He subsequently resided with Mr. Dean, a surgeon at Lichfield; and during his employment by that gentleman he became enamoured of his daughter, and would have been married to her, but for the commission of the crime which cost him his life.

It would appear that he had become acquainted with a young woman named Elizabeth Price, who had been seduced by an officer in the army, and who supported herself by her skill in needle-work, residing near Mr. Caddell's abode. An intimacy subsisted between them, the result of which was the pregnancy of Miss Price; and she repeatedly urged her paramour to marry her. Mr. Caddell resisted her importunities for a considerable time, until at last Miss Price, hearing of his paying his addresses to Miss Dean, became more importunate than ever, and threatened, in case of his non-compliance with her wishes, to put an end to all his prospects with that young lady, by discovering everything that had passed between them. Hereupon Caddell formed the horrid resolution of murdering Miss Price. He accordingly called on her on a Saturday evening, and requested that she would walk in the fields with him on the afternoon of the following; day, in order to adjust the plan of their intended marriage. Thus deluded, she met him at the time appointed, on the road leading towards Burton-upon-Trent, at the Nag's Head public-house, and accompanied her supposed lover into the fields. They walked about till towards evening, when they sat down under the hedge, and after a little conversation, Caddell suddenly pulled out a knife, cut the wretched woman's throat, and made his escape. In the distraction of his mind, he left behind him the knife with which he had perpetrated the deed, together with his case of instruments. On his returning home it was observed that he appeared exceedingly confused, though the reason of the perturbation of his mind could not be guessed at; but, on the following morning, Miss Price being found murdered in the field, great numbers of people went to see the body. Among them was the woman of the house where she lodged, who recollected that she had said she was going to walk with Mr. Caddell; and then the instruments were examined, and were known to have belonged to him. He was in consequence taken into custody, and committed to the gaol of Stafford; and, being soon afterward tried, was found guilty, condemned, and executed at Stafford on the 21st of July, 1701.

THOMAS COOK.

EXECUTED FOR MURDER.

The death of this person exhibits the singular fatality which attends some men who have been guilty of crime. Cook was the son of a butcher, who was considered a person of respectability, residing at Gloucester. He was apprenticed to a barber-surgeon in London; but running away before his time had expired, he entered the service of one of the pages of honour to William III.; but he soon after quitted this situation to set up at Gloucester as a butcher, upon the recommendation of his mother.

Restless, however, in every station of life, he repaired to London, where he commenced prize-fighter at May-fair; which, at this time, was a place greatly frequented by prize-fighters, thieves, and women of bad character. Here puppet-shows were exhibited, and it was the favourite resort of all the profligate and abandoned, until at length the nuisance increased to such a degree, that Queen Anne issued her Proclamation for the Suppression of Vice and Immorality, with a particular view to this fair; in consequence of which the justices of peace issued their warrant to the high constable, who summoned all the inferior constables to his assistance. When they came to suppress the fair, Cook, with a mob of about thirty soldiers, and other persons, stood in defiance of the peace-officers, and threw brickbats at them, by which some of them were wounded. Cooper, a constable, being the most active, Cook drew his sword and stabbed him in the belly, and he died of the wound at the expiration of four days. Hereupon Cook fled to Ireland, and, as it was deposed upon his trial, while he was in a public house, he swore in a profane manner, for which the landlord censured him, and told him there were persons in the house who would take him in custody for it; to which he answered, "Are there any of the informing dogs in Ireland? we in London drive them; for at a fair called May-fair, there was a noise which I went out to see--six soldiers and myself--the constables played their parts with their staves, and I played mine; and, when the man dropped, I wiped my sword, put it up, and went away."

The fellow was, subsequently, taken into custody, and sent to Chester, whence being removed to London, he was tried at the Old Bailey, was convicted, and received sentence of death.

After conviction he solemnly denied the crime for which he had been condemned, declaring that he had no sword in his hand on the day the constable was killed, and was not in company with those who killed him. Having received the sacrament on the 21st of July, 1703, he was taken from Newgate to be carried to Tyburn; but, when he had got to High Holborn, opposite Bloomsbury, a respite arrived for him till the following Friday. On his return to Newgate he was visited by numbers of his acquaintance, who rejoiced on his narrow escape. On Friday he received another respite till the 11th of August, but on that day he was executed.

JOHN PETER DRAMATTI.

EXECUTED FOR THE MURDER OF HIS WIFE.

This unfortunate man was the son of Protestant parents, and was born at Saverdun, in the county of Foix, and province of Languedoc, in France. He received a religious education; but when he arrived at years of maturity, he left his own country, and went into Germany, where he served as a horse-grenadier under the Elector of Brandenburgh, who was afterwards King of Prussia. When he had been in this condition about a year, he came over to England, and entered into the service of Lord Haversham, and afterwards enlisted as a soldier in the regiment of Colonel de la Melonière. Having made two campaigns in Flanders, the regiment was ordered into Ireland, where it was dismissed from farther service; in consequence of which Dramatti obtained his discharge.

He now became acquainted with a widow, between fifty and sixty years of age, who pretended that she had a great fortune, and was allied to the royal family of France; and he soon married her, not only on account of her supposed wealth and rank, but also of her understanding English and Irish, thinking it prudent to have a wife who could speak the language of the country in which he proposed to spend the remainder of his life. As soon as he discovered that his wife had no fortune, he went to London and offered his services to Lord Haversham, and was again admitted as one of his domestics. His wife, unhappy on account of their separate residence, wished to live with him at Lord Haversham's, which he would not consent to, saying, that his lordship did not know he was married.

The wife now began to evince the jealousy of her disposition, and frequent quarrels took place between them, because he was unable to be with her so frequently as she desired.

At length, on the 9th of June, 1703, Dramatti was sent to London from his master's house at Kensington, and calling upon his wife at her lodgings near Soho-square, she endeavoured to prevail upon him to stay with her. This, however, he refused; and finding that he was going home, she went before him, and stationed herself at the Park-gate. On his coming up, she declared that he should go no further, unless she accompanied him; but he quitted her abruptly, and went onwards to Chelsea. She pursued him to the Bloody Bridge, and there seized him by the neckcloth, and would have strangled him, but that he beat her off with his cane. He then attacked her with his sword; and having wounded her in so many places as to conclude that he had killed her, his passion immediately began to subside, and, falling on his knees, he devoutly implored the pardon of God for the horrid sin of which he had been guilty. He went on to Kensington, where his fellow-servants observing that his clothes were bloody, he said he had been attacked by two men in Hyde Park, who would have robbed him of his clothes, but that he defended himself, and broke the head of one of them.

The real fact, however, was subsequently discovered; and Dramatti being taken before a magistrate, to whom he confessed his crime, the body of his wife was found in a ditch between Hyde Park and Chelsea, and a track of blood was seen to the distance of twenty yards; at the end of which a piece of a sword was found sticking in a bank, which fitted the other part of the sword in the prisoner's possession. The circumstances attending the murder being proved to the satisfaction of the jury, the culprit was found guilty, condemned, and, on the 21st of July, 1703, was executed at Tyburn.

WILLIAM ELBY.

EXECUTED FOR MURDER.

This young man was born in the year 1667, at Deptford, in Kent, and served his time with a blockmaker at Rotherhithe, during which he became acquainted with some women of ill fame. After the term of his apprenticeship had expired, he kept company with young fellows of such bad character, that he found it necessary to enter on board a ship to prevent worse consequences. Having returned from sea, he enlisted as a soldier; but while in this situation he committed many small thefts, in order to support the women with whom he was connected. At length he deserted from the army, assumed a new name, and prevailed on some of his companions to engage in housebreaking.

Detection soon terminated his career, and in September 1704, he was indicted for robbing the house of ---- Barry, Esq. of Fulham, and murdering his gardener. Elby, it seems, having determined on robbing the house, arrived at Fulham soon after midnight, and had wrenched open one of the windows, at which he was getting in, when the gardener, awaking, came down to prevent the intended robbery with a light in his hand. Elby, terrified lest he should be known, seized a knife and stabbed him to the heart, and the poor man immediately fell dead at his feet. This done, he broke open a chest of drawers, and stole about two hundred and fifty pounds, with which he repaired to his associates in London.

The murder soon became the subject of very general conversation, and Elby being at a public-house in the Strand, it was mentioned, and he became so alarmed on seeing one of the company rise and quit the house, that he suddenly ran away, without paying his reckoning. The landlord was enraged at his being cheated; and learning his address from one of his companions, he caused him to be apprehended, and he was eventually committed for trial on suspicion of being concerned in the robbery and murder.

On his trial he steadily denied the perpetration of the crimes with which he was charged; and his conviction would have been very doubtful, had not a woman with whom he cohabited become an evidence, and sworn that he came from Fulham with the money the morning after the commission of the fact. Some other persons also deposed that they saw him come out of Mr. Barry's house on the morning the murder was committed; and he was found guilty, and having received sentence of death, was executed at Fulham, on the 13th September, 1704, and was hung in chains near the same place.

JOHN SMITH.

CONVICTED OF ROBBERY.

Though the crimes committed by this man were not particularly atrocious, nor his life sufficiently remarkable for a place in this work, yet the circumstances attending his fate at the place of execution are perhaps more singular than any we may have to record. He was the son of a farmer at Malton, about fifteen miles from the city of York, who bound him apprentice to a packer in London, with whom he served his time, and afterwards worked as a journeyman. He then went to sea on board a man-of-war, and was at the expedition against Vigo; but on his return from that service he was discharged. He afterwards enlisted as a soldier in the regiment of Guards commanded by Lord Cutts; but in this station he soon made bad connexions, and engaged with some of his dissolute companions as a housebreaker. On the 5th of December, 1705, he was arraigned on four different indictments, on two of which he was convicted. While he lay under sentence of death, he seemed very little affected with his situation, absolutely depending on a reprieve, through the interest of his friends. An order, however, came for his execution on the 24th day of the same month, in consequence of which he was carried to Tyburn, where he performed his devotions, and was turned off in the usual manner; but when he had hung near fifteen minutes, the people present cried out, "A reprieve!" Hereupon the malefactor was cut down, and, being conveyed to a house in the neighbourhood, he soon revived, upon his being bled, and other proper remedies applied.

When he perfectly recovered his senses, he was asked what were his feelings at the time of execution; to which he repeatedly replied, in substance, as follows:--"That when he was turned off, he, for some time, was sensible of very great pain, occasioned by the weight of his body, and felt his spirits in a strange commotion, violently pressing upwards; that having forced their way to his head, he, as it were, saw a great blaze, or glaring light, which seemed to go out at his eyes with a flash, and then he lost all sense of pain. That after he was cut down, and began to come to himself, the blood and spirits, forcing themselves into their former channels, put him, by a sort of pricking or shooting, to such intolerable pain, that he could have wished those hanged who had cut him down." From this circumstance he was called "Half-hanged Smith." After this narrow escape from the grave, Smith pleaded to his pardon on the 20th of February, and was discharged; yet such was his propensity to evil deeds, that he returned to his former practices, and, being apprehended, was again tried at the Old Bailey, for housebreaking; but some difficulties arising in the case, the affair was left to the opinion of the twelve judges, who determined in favour of the prisoner. After this second extraordinary escape, he was a third time indicted; but the prosecutor happening to die before the day of trial, he once more obtained that liberty which his conduct showed had not deserved.

We have no account of what became of this man after this third remarkable incident in his favour; but Christian charity inclines us to hope that he made a proper use of the singular dispensation of Providence evidenced in his own person.

It was not infrequently the case, that, in Dublin, men were formerly seen walking about who, it was known, had been sentenced to suffer the extreme penalty of the law, and upon whom, strange as it may appear to unenlightened eyes, the sentence had been carried out. The custom until lately was, that the body should hang only half an hour; and, in a mistaken lenity, the sheriff, in whose hands was entrusted the execution of the law, would look away, after the prisoner had been turned off, while the friends of the culprit would hold up their companion by the waistband of his breeches, so that the rope should not press upon his throat. They would, at the expiration of the usual time, thrust their "deceased" friend into a cart, in which they would gallop him over all the stones and rough ground they came near, which was supposed to be a never-failing recipe, in order to revive him, professedly, and indeed in reality, with the intention of "waking" him. An anecdote is related of a fellow named Mahony, who had been convicted of the murder of a Connaught-man, in one of the numerous Munster and Connaught wars, and whose execution had been managed in the manner above described; who, being put into the cart in a coffin by his Munster friends, on his way home was so revived, and so overjoyed at finding himself still alive, that he sat upright and gave three hearty cheers, by way of assuring his friends of his safety. A "jontleman" who was shocked at this indecent conduct in his defunct companion, and who was, besides, afraid of their scheme being discovered and thwarted, immediately, with the sapling which he carried, hit him a thump on the head, which effectually silenced his self-congratulations. On their arrival at home, they found that the "friendly" warning which had been given to the poor wretch, had been more effectual than the hangman's rope; and the wailings and lamentations which had been employed at the place of execution to drown the encouraging cries of the aiders of the criminal's escape, were called forth in reality at his wake on the same night. It was afterwards a matter of doubt whether the fellow who dealt the unfortunate blow ought not to have been charged with the murder of his half-hanged companion; but "a justice" being consulted, it was thought no one could be successfully charged with the murder of a man who was already dead in law.

WILLIAM GREGG.

EXECUTED FOR HIGH TREASON.

The treason of which this offender was convicted was that of "adhering to the Queen's enemies, and giving them aid, without the realm," which was made a capital offence by the statute of Edward III.

It appears that Gregg was a native of Montrose, in Scotland, and having received such instruction as the grammar-schools of the place afforded, he

completed his education at Aberdeen university, where he pursued these studies which were calculated to fit him for the profession of the church, for which he was intended. London, however, held forth so many attractions to his youthful eye, that the wishes of his relatives were soon overruled; and having visited that city, with good introductions, he was, after some time, appointed secretary to the ambassador at the court of Sweden. But while performing the duties of his office, he was guilty of so many and so great excesses, that he was at length compelled to retire, and London once more became his residence. His good fortune placed him in a situation alike honourable and profitable, but his dishonest and traitorous conduct in his employment, was such as to cost him his life, and to involve his employers in political difficulties of no ordinary kind. Having been engaged by Mr. Secretary Harley, minister of the reigning sovereign, Queen Anne, to write despatches, he took advantage of the knowledge which he thus gained, and voluntarily opened a communication with the enemies of his country. England, it will be remembered, was at this time in a situation of no ordinary difficulty; and the position of her Majesty's ministers, harassed as they were by the opposition of their political antagonists, was rendered even more difficult by the disclosures of their traitorous servant.