Chapter II: Introduction: xi

A SHORT BIBLIOGRAPHY xxi

I. THE ‘WEEK’ ADOPTED FROM THE JEWS. The Lord’s Day: early
notices. The Sabbath (Saturday) perhaps not observed by
Christians before the fourth century: varieties in the
character of its observance. The word _feria_ applied
to ordinary week days: conjectures as to its origin.
Wednesdays and Fridays observed as ‘stations,’ or days
of fasting 1

II. DAYS OF THE MARTYRS. Local observances at the burial places
of Martyrs. Early Kalendars: the Bucherian; the Syrian
(Arian) Kalendar; the Kalendar of Polemius Silvius; the
Carthaginian. The Sacramentary of Leo; the Gregorian
Sacramentary. All Saints’ Day; All Souls’ Day. The days
of Martyrs the dominant feature in early Kalendars: the
Maccabees 12

III. ORIGINS OF THE FEASTS OF THE LORD’S NATIVITY AND THE
EPIPHANY. Festivals associated with the Nativity in
early Kalendars 27

IV. OTHER COMMEMORATIONS OF THE LORD. The Circumcision;
Passiontide, Holy Week; mimetic character of
observances. The Ascension. The Transfiguration.
Pentecost 37

V. FESTIVALS OF THE VIRGIN MARY. Hypapante (the Purification),
originally a festival of the Lord. The same true of the
Annunciation. The Nativity and the Sleep (_Dormitio_)
of the Virgin. The Presentation. The Conception. The
epithet ‘Immaculate’ prefixed to the title in 1854.
Festivals of the Theotokos in the East 47

VI. FESTIVALS OF APOSTLES, EVANGELISTS, AND OTHER PERSONS
NAMED IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. St Peter and St Paul.
St Peter’s Chair,—the Chair at Antioch. St Peter’s
Chains. St Andrew. St James the Great. St John: St John
before the Latin gate, a Western festival. St Matthew.
St Luke. St Mark. St Philip and St James. St Simon
and St Jude. St Thomas. St Bartholomew. St John the
Baptist; his Nativity, his Decollation. The Conversion
of St Paul. St Mary Magdalene. St Barnabas. Eastern
commemorations of the Seventy disciples (_apostles_).
Octaves. Vigils 58

VII. SEASONS OF PREPARATION AND PENITENCE. Advent: varieties
in its observance. Lent: its historical development;
varieties as to its commencement and its length. Other
special times of fasting: the three fasts known in the
West as _Quadragesima_. Rogation days. The Four Seasons
(Ember Days). Fasts of Eastern Churches 76

VIII. WESTERN KALENDARS AND MARTYROLOGIES: Bede, Florus, Ado,
Usuard. Old Irish Martyrologies. Value of Kalendars
towards ascertaining the dates and origins of
liturgical manuscripts. _Claves Festorum._ The modern
Roman Martyrology 93

IX. EASTER AND THE MOVEABLE COMMEMORATIONS. Early Paschal
controversies. Rule as to the full moon after the
vernal equinox. Hippolytus and his cycle: the so-called
Cyprianic cycle; Dionysius of Alexandria. Anatolius.
The Council of Nicaea and the Easter controversy.
Later differences between the computations of Rome and
Alexandria. Festal (or Paschal) Letters of the Bishops
of Alexandria. _Supputatio Romana._ Victorius of
Aquitaine. Dionysius Exiguus. The Nineteen-year Cycle.
The Paschal Limits. The Gregorian Reform. The adoption
of the New Style 104

X. THE KALENDAR OF THE ORTHODOX CHURCH OF THE EAST. The
Menologies. I. Immoveable Commemorations. The twelve
great primary festivals; the four great secondary
festivals. The middle class, greater and lesser
festivals. The minor festivals, and subdivisions.
Explanation of terms used in the Greek Kalendar. II.
The Cycle of Sundays, or Dominical Kalendar 133

APPENDIX I. The Paschal Question in the Celtic Churches 146

APPENDIX II. Note on the Kalendars of the separated Churches of
the East 147

APPENDIX III. Note on the history of the Kalendar of the Church
of England since the Reformation 149

PLATES

1. KALENDAR OF THE PETERBOROUGH PSALTER _to face Title_

2. THE SYRIAC MARTYROLOGY ” _p. 15_

3. KALENDAR OF THE WORCESTER BOOK ” _p. 93_

4. KALENDAR OF THE DURHAM PSALTER ” _p. 99_