Chapter IV: Prosperity and Expansion: 1901-1920 (2)

The year 1918 was remarkable for the weather. There were three severe gales, the first occurring on February 14th, the next on March 18th, and the last on June 20th. In the latter the wind blew at the rate of 440 miles in 24 hours; in the two former the velocity reached 520 miles. The temperature during July was extremely low, and in the last week of the month it dropped to 30 degrees, which was the lowest temperature recorded for over thirty years. The severe frost which covered the ground was an unusual sight for Aucklanders. June, 1920, was another cold month, and on July 1st the thermometer at Albert Park registered 29 degrees.

The event which opened this section of Auckland's annals was the visit of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York, who are now the reigning sovereigns. It is fitting, therefore, to close it with the visit of their son and heir, H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, in 1920. The visit was the outcome of a promise made by His Majesty the King that the Prince would visit the Dominions as a token of appreciation of the spirit of loyalty and unity displayed by the whole Empire during the war. H.M.S. _Renown_ (26,500 tons) conveyed the Royal visitor on his tour, and arrived in the Waitemata Harbour on April 24th. The voyage from North Head was a wonderful water pageant, craft of every sort and size taking part in it. The Prince first set foot on New Zealand at Auckland, and was welcomed by the Governor-General (Admiral Lord Jellicoe), the Prime Minister (the Rt. Hon. W. F. Massey, P.C.), the Mayor (Mr. J. H. Gunson), and the Chairman of the Harbour Board (Mr. H. D. Heather). He then paid an official call on the Governor-General, and later made a triumphal journey along Queen Street to the Town Hall, where the Mayor and citizens formally welcomed His Royal Highness to the city and delivered to him a loyal address. In the afternoon a military review was held in the Domain in the presence of the Prince. The following day was Anzac Day, and the 1920 commemoration will be long remembered on account of the Prince joining in the service to honour the heroes of the Gallipoli expedition.

On Monday His Royal Highness attended the Auckland Domain, where the school children of the city were marshalled into groups, forming the word "Welcome" and a living Union Jack, and as the Prince passed among the children the enthusiasm was unprecedented. In the afternoon the Royal visitor attended a race meeting at Ellerslie, specially arranged in honour of his visit, and at night he was present at an "At Home" in the Town Hall, where he was again received with enthusiasm. Thus ended the official part of the Prince's visit, but owing to the railwaymen's strike he spent a few days privately in the city.

_Postscript_

The task which the writer undertook has now been accomplished. Its imperfections are such as inevitably accompany a first attempt to write a local history. Other hands, he hopes, will repair what omissions he has made. In spite of its shortcomings, he feels some little satisfaction in having had the opportunity of contributing a stone to the building of Auckland's history.

Looking back over the brief period which comprehends the city's career, no citizen of Auckland but should be proud of the progress--social, economic and commercial, which has been made; it is a record of difficulties successfully overcome, and of advancement, despite many handicaps.

Appendix I

_The Name of Auckland_

The City of Auckland is generally stated to have been named after Lord Auckland by Governor Hobson, but, as a rule, no authority for the statement appears in any of the books relating to the subject. As already shown from Hobson's despatch, dated 10th November, 1840, the Governor chose the name himself. So far, so good. What was his reason for doing so? I exhausted every possible source of information at my command, and failed to obtain any satisfaction. Learning from Mr. Horace Fildes, of Wellington, that Dr. Guy H. Scholefield had, while in England, been given access by the Hobson family to the late Governor's papers, and from these had written a biography (which, unfortunately, is still in manuscript), I communicated with him on the question of the naming of the city, and specifically inquired if he had seen any document or paper giving in Hobson's own words his reasons for the name which he bestowed upon the capital. Dr. Scholefield courteously looked through his MS. and replied as follows:--

"I have come across the volume and looked carefully through it for what you want. Here it is, roughly. Having been idle for some years after returning from the West Indies, Hobson applied to the First Lord (Sir James Graham), recounting his services and asking for employment. This was shelved, but in June, 1834, Lord Auckland came to the Admiralty, and in December he gave Hobson command of the _Rattlesnake_, with orders to proceed to the East Indies (the cruise which brought him first to New Zealand). Hobson wrote thanking Auckland for his patronage, and Auckland replied a few days later:--

"'I am glad to know from you that your appointment to the _Rattlesnake_ is so satisfactory to you, and can assure you that it was highly pleasing to me to give the service the advantage of having you again in active employment.' (_Private letter in possession of Hobson's family_).

"While Hobson was on the East Indies station Auckland was himself appointed Governor-General of India. Troubles with Burma for months, and even for years, made it seem that an expedition would be necessary, and both before and after the Australian cruise, Hobson had been instructed to be ready for this, as he would be senior naval officer on the station. Finally, Hobson's time came to return to England, and the instructions were handed over to another captain. In his letters to his wife at this period, which I have copied, but cannot find just now, Hobson frequently refers in terms of gratitude to Auckland's kindly interest. At one time he expected a naval appointment at Bombay worth £2000 a year, which he compared with a 'factorship' in New Zealand or a governorship of Port Philip, which he surveyed. His conclusion was rather in favour of the latter.

"In my chapter on Hobson's character, I refer to his frequent acknowledgments of the kindly interest of three men, Sir Lawrence Halsted, Lord Auckland and the Duke of Clarence. He has commemorated them and others in the nomenclature of Australia and New Zealand, wherever he had a chance. 'Believe me,' he writes to his wife in 1836, regarding the kindly interest of Lord Auckland, 'many a valuable officer pines in obscurity merely because he has no friends to bring his merits into notice.' The friendship of Lord Auckland was well recognised, for an acquaintance once asked him to exert his influence on behalf of his own son-in-law. 'It would gratify me beyond measure,' he writes to Mrs. Hobson in reply 'to be the means of pushing his son-in-law forward, but to write to Lord Auckland, as ---- wishes me to do, to ask his Lordship's interest on behalf of another, merely because he befriended me, is so absurd a thing that I cannot help wondering how any rational man could propose it.'

"I hope that this may be sufficient to fix the responsibility for the name of Auckland. There can be no historical doubt as to its origin, and the reason for it."

Appendix II

_Population of the City of Auckland_

YEAR. POPULATION.
1840 --
1841 1,500 (estimated)
1842 2,895
1843 2,522
1844 2,754
1858 6,283
1861 7,989
1864 12,423
1867 11,153
1871 12,937
1874 12,775
1878 13,758
1881 16,664
1886 33,161
1891 28,613
1896 31,424
1901 34,213
1906 37,736
1911 40,536
1916 64,951
1921 83,467

The population of the City and suburbs in 1921 was 158,000.

Appendix III

_Table Showing Imports and Exports at the Port of Auckland: 1853-1920_

YEAR. IMPORTS. EXPORTS.
£ s. d. £ s. d.
1853 253,926 12 8 148,724 19 0
1854 336,697 19 4 156,645 3 11
1855 358,540 13 11 146,593 19 6
1856 259,294 9 5 100,380 2 4
1857 314,327 6 2 81,052 18 4
1858 334,386 2 1 74,382 2 4¼
1859 399,972 0 0 72,012 0 0
1860 454,311 0 0 78,164 0 0
1861 591,468 0 0 57,673 0 0
1862 815,205 0 0 72,354 0 0
1863 959,219 0 0 195,228 0 0
1864 2,219,287 0 0 329,243 0 0
1865 1,842,416 0 0 292,802 0 0
1866 1,092,399 0 0 215,393 0 0
1867 777,667 0 0 291,557 0 0
1868 799,926 0 0 398,974 0 0
1869 1,357,326 0 0 736,086 0 0
1870 1,296,940 0 0 861,675 0 0
1871 937,655 0 0 1,601,763 0 0
1872 1,190,008 0 0 740,234 0 0
1873 1,422,395 0 0 832,997 0 0
1874 1,546,438 0 0 633,656 0 0
1875 1,558,355 0 0 695,418 0 0
1876 1,232,881 0 0 674,003 0 0
1877 1,136,316 0 0 734,336 0 0
1878 1,408,823 0 0 544,112 0 0
1879 1,476,325 0 0 551,849 0 0
1880 1,242,871 0 0 758,271 0 0
1881 1,490,124 0 0 813,113 0 0
1882 1,911,606 0 0 975,301 0 0
1883 1,916,241 0 0 1,067,326 0 0
1884 1,978,945 0 0 835,424 0 0
1885 1,857,655 0 0 1,035,125 0 0
1886 1,720,898 0 0 581,881 0 0
1887 1,401,379 0 0 986,712 0 0
1888 1,403,664 0 0 933,958 0 0
1889 1,363,131 0 0 1,042,087 0 0
1890 1,385,959 0 0 1,237,600 0 0
1891 1,595,036 0 0 1,218,321 0 0
1892 1,642,686 0 0 1,214,878 0 0
1893 1,487,827 0 0 1,256,450 0 0
1894 1,562,434 0 0 1,174,920 0 0
1895 1,592,558 0 0 1,302,075 0 0
1896 1,960,570 0 0 1,276,035 0 0
1897 2,132,477 0 0 1,365,040 0 0
1872 1,190,008 0 0 740,234 0 0
1898 2,187,128 0 0 1,676,152 0 0
1899 2,211,719 0 0 1,860,604 0 0
1900 2,617,329 0 0 2,068,361 0 0
1901 3,023,566 0 0 1,922,792 0 0
1902 3,087,460 0 0 2,091,016 0 0
1903 3,167,185 0 0 2,501,605 0 0
1904 3,248,163 0 0 2,512,938 0 0
1905 3,156,470 0 0 2,643,495 0 0
1906 3,591,342 0 0 3,168,927 0 0
1907 4,533,999 0 0 3,472,405 0 0
1908 4,671,295 0 0 2,900,551 0 0
1909 4,333,857 0 0 3,371,407 0 0
1910 4,741,326 0 0 3,960,655 0 0
1911 5,650,734 0 0 3,280,878 0 0
1912 6,398,533 0 0 3,381,938 0 0
1913 6,610,745 0 0 4,024,740 0 0
1914 6,548,880 0 0 4,062,530 0 0
1915 6,494,462 0 0 5,407,074 0 0
1916 7,362,778 0 0 5,894,787 0 0
1917 6,413,477 0 0 5,712,467 0 0
1918 7,217,732 0 0 6,022,514 0 0
1919 9,567,409 0 0 9,847,296 0 0
1920 18,732,082 0 0 9,383,603 0 0

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Known also as Toi-Kai-rakau.

[2] One-taunga (Mooring's beach)

[3] Subsequently the first Maori king.

[4] The marriage of Kati with Matere Toha, brought about in accordance with ancient Maori custom, was designed to perpetuate the peace made between the Northern and the local tribes. The high rank of both Kati and Matere Toha, and their personal influence and worth, made the union a great success from the diplomatic standpoint. The marriage was one of the epoch-making events of local Maori history, and was a happy consummation to all the events that had gone before. Kati and his wife lived and died at Mangere. At their death they were interred in the old cemetery near by the venerable church which was erected by the Maoris on the Mangere hillside in those far-off days as a token of the advent of Christianity among their people.

[5] He was made an archdeacon in September, 1844.

[6] See Appendix I _re_ name of city.

[7] Captain William Cornwallis Symonds;

[8] John Johnston, M.D.;

[9] Captain David Rough;

[10] William Mason;

[11] George Clarke, jun.;

[12] Felton Mathew. (Captain Rough states in his reminiscences--published in the Supplement to the _New Zealand Herald_ of January 11, 18 and 25, 1896, that Mr. E. Williams, Native Interpreter, was also of the company of officials).

[13] "Poenamo," p. 316.

[14] "Poenamo," pp. 337-40.

[15] This house, known as Acacia Cottage, was built by the late Sir John Logan Campbell with his own hands, and was occupied by him for many years. It has now been removed to Cornwall Park.

[16] P. 157.

[17] At the Old Colonists' Reunion, which takes place annually, the oldest survivor of the passengers by this ship is presented with a gift of five pounds.

[18] He was not made a knight until 1848.

[19] "Auckland, the Capital of New Zealand and the Country Adjacent," 1853. Pp. 28-30.

[20] The gaol was moved to the Mount Eden location in 1856.

[21] Albert Barracks occupied the area bounded by Kitchener Street as far as Victoria Street, then followed an irregular line to Symonds Street at the point where Grafton Road now intersects, thence along Symonds Street to O'Rorke Street, and back on a line bordering Wellesley Street to the starting point at Kitchener Street. In 1871 the Barracks were transferred from the Government to the City Corporation.

[22] The actual area was 21 acres 1 rood 27 perches.

[23] "Further Papers Relative to New Zealand," 1854. P. 243.

[24] Coromandel.

[25] "Auckland ... and the Country Adjacent" [Swainson], P. 87.

[26] _Ibid._ P. 89.

[27] I am indebted for much of the information in this section to Will Lawson's "Steam in the Southern Pacific." 1909.

[28] Originally The Auckland College and Grammar School.

[29] The National Efficiency Board consisted of Messrs. W. Ferguson (Wellington), Chairman, W. D. Hunt (Otago), James Frostick (Canterbury) and J. H. Gunson (Auckland).

Index

ABATTOIRS, 204

ACACIA Cottage, 51

ADELAIDE, Melbourne and Otago S.N. Co., 118

ADMIRALTY House built by Harbour Board, 189

ADMIRALTY House, old, used as University College 162

AFRICA, _Russian Cruiser_, visited Auckland, 157

AGRICULTURE, State of, in early '50s, 89;
Progress of, 183

AHURIRI, _steamer_, 116

ALAMEDA, _steamer_, 169-70

ALBERT Barracks, Description of, 82-3;
Used as Grammar School, 129

ALBERT Cars used for city and suburban travelling, 105

ALBERT Street Congregational Church, 138

ALDINGA, _steamer_, 119

ALEXANDRA Convalescent Home, 210

ALEXANDRA Street P.
Methodist Church, 138

ALFRED, Prince. _See_ Edinburgh, Duke of

ALHAMBRA, _steamer_, 119

ALL SAINTS Church, Ponsonby, 134

AMALGAMATION of suburban districts with city, 182

AMUSEMENTS in early 'fifties, 84-5

ANNA, proposed township of, 53

ANNA WATSON, _ship_, 38-9

ARAWA, _steamer_, 170

ARCHER, _H.M.S._, 189

ARCH HILL amalgamated with city, 144

ARMISTICE, 1918, 231

ARROWSMITH, W., bequeathed £23,000 to Orphan Home and Mrs. Cowie's
Women's Home 210

ART Gallery. _See_ Public Library, Art Gallery, etc.

ATKINSON, H. W., presented park to city, 202

AUCKLAND Chronicle and N.Z. Colonist, _newspaper_, 62

AUCKLAND (city), Founded by Captain Hobson, 35-42;
Named by Captain Hobson, 37, 236-8;
Boundaries, 1840, 43;
1851, 80;
1871, 144;
1921, 145;
In 1842, 47-8;
First plan made by Felton Mathew, 50;
Its features, 51;
Threatened by Maoris, 57;
In early '50s, 80-90;
Threatened invasion by natives in 1851, 90-2;
Takes defensive measures at outbreak of Maori trouble, 98;
Adult male population conscripted, 100;
Blockhouses for defence erected during Maori wars, 101;
Militia ordered on active service, 101;
Amalgamated with adjacent districts, 144-5;
Population, 239.
_See also_ City Council.

AUCKLAND City Council. _See_ City Council; Municipal Government.

AUCKLAND-ONEHUNGA Railway line opened, 103

AUCKLAND Provincial Council, 96;
Library transferred to Public Library, 147

AUCKLAND Provincial Patriotic and War Relief Association, 223-4

AUCKLAND Railway Station, 103

AUCKLAND Standard, _newspaper_, 62

AUCKLAND Star, _newspaper_, 66-7

AUCKLAND Steam Packet Company, 117

AUCKLAND Timber Company's mill burned, 167

AUCKLAND Times, _newspaper_, 62-3

AUCKLAND Vaudeville Employee's Association equip Children's Hospital
as a War Memorial 73

AUCKLAND Weekly News, _newspaper_, 65

AUCKLAND-WELLINGTON railway inaugurated, 104

AUSTRALIAN Squadron, Visit of, 189

AUSTRALIA, _steamer_, 169

AZUMA, _Japanese warship_, Visit of, 191

BADEN-POWELL, Lt.-Gen., Sir R. S. S., Visit of, 187-8

BALCLUTHA, _steamer_, 117

BANK of Auckland, 109

BANK of Australasia, 110

BANK of New South Wales, 108

BANK of New Zealand 108-9, 143

BANKS, 70-1, 108-10, 174, 214

BAPTIST Church, 136-7

BATHS, 203

BERESFORD Street Congregational Church, 138

BIRDWOOD, Gen. Sir W. R., Visit of, 228

BLOCKHOUSES erected around Auckland for defence, 101

BOER War. _See_ South African War.

BONITE, _French warship_, crew of, assist at fire, 1865, 121-2

BOOM, 141

BOROUGH of Auckland incorporated, 77-8

BOUNDARIES of the city, 43, 80, 144-5

BOWEN, Sir G. F., welcomed Duke of Edinburgh to Auckland, 127

BOYS' Institute, 177

BREAKWATER, 152

BRETT, H. M. presented pipe organ to Town Hall, 207

BRITISH KING, _steamer_, 170

BRITOMART Barracks, 82-3

BRITOMART, _H.M. Brig_, visited the Waitemata, 43

BRITOMART Point, named after H.M. brig _Britomart_, 43;
Demolition of, 153

BUILDINGS, Early 44-5, 81-2, 120

BUSSES used for city and suburban travelling, 105

BUTCHERS' strike, 218

BYCROFT'S fire, 196

CALIFORNIA Line, 168

CALLIOPE Dock opened, 155;
Disaster in, 198

CALLIOPE, _H.M.S._, 155

CAMPBELL, Sir J. Logan settled on the Waitemata, 42;
His pioneering experiences, 44;
Describes the social and economic conditions of the '40s, 45-7;
Welcomed Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York, 183;
Presented Cornwall Park, 183;
Resumé of his life 184-6

CANADIAN Government Merchant Marine, 215

CANADIAN Raider, _steamer_ 215

CAPITAL, Auckland selected as site of, 35-42;
N.Z. Company's opposition, 38;
Removed to Wellington, 38, 107

CENSUS. _See_ Population.

CHALLENGER, _H.M.S._, 126

CHORAL Hall, 176;
Incorporated in University College, 161-2

CHURCHES, 67-9, 133-40

CHURCH of England 67-8, 133-4

CHURCH of S. Francis de Sales, 135

CHURCH of the Holy Sepulchre, 134

CIRCULAR Saw Line, 113-4

CITY Chambers burned, 193

CITY COUNCIL. Auckland made first borough in N.Z., 77-8;
Its history, 1851-70, 77-9;
Its history, continued, 1900-20, 199-207;
Constituted under Municipal Corporations Act, 144;
Finances and valuation, 207

CITY, of, Melbourne, _steamer_, 118, 169

CITY of New York, _steamer_ 169

CITY of San Francisco, _steamer_, 169

CITY of Sydney, _steamer_, 169

CLARK, A., elected first Mayor of Auckland, 78

CLAUD Hamilton, _steamer_ 118

CLAYMORE, _steamer_, rams _Kapanui_, 198

COACHES, Travel by, 104

COAL discovered in the Waikato and Kawakawa, 102

COASTAL Steamer Service, 115-7

COLIMA, _steamer_, 169

COLONIAL Bank of Issue, 70

COMMERCE, 70, 89, 174-6, 183

COMMERCE Street Fire, 1901, 192

COMMERCIAL Bank of Australia, 214

COMPULSORY, military service of adult male population of Auckland, 100

CONGREGATIONAL Church, 138

CONSTITUTION Act passed, 95

CORIO, _steamer_, 116

CORNWALL and York, Visit of Duke and Duchess of, 183-4

CORNWALL Park, 184, 186

COROMANDEL Goldfields 93-5

COROMANDEL Steamship Co., 171

COSTLEY, E., Bequest of, 177

COSTLEY Home, 74, 177

COST of Living, 1841, 48-49;
1851, 86-7

COURT, J., equipped children's playground, 201

CRAIG, J. J. (Ltd.), Stables burned, 195

CUSTOMS Street Fire, 1901, 192

CYPHRENES, _steamer_, 169

DACOTAH, _steamer_, 168

DAVIS Cup Contest, 1920, 231

DEVONPORT Steam Ferry Co., 105

DIAMOND, _H.M.S._, 155-6

DILWORTH, J., Bequest of 177

DISTRICT Court utilised by Grammar School, 129;
Used as University College, 162

DOMAIN improvements made from Exhibition funds, 213-4

DRAINAGE, 203

DRIVER, _H.M.S._, first steamer to arrive at Auckland, 75

DUCHESS of Argyle, _ship_ 53-4

DUKE of Edinburgh, _steamer_, 116

EASTERN Outlet Scheme, 200

ECONOMIC Conditions of the '40s described by Dr. J. Logan
Campbell, 45-7;
In the early '50s, 87-90

EDEN Terrace amalgamated with city, 144

EDINBURGH, Visit of Duke of, 125-9

EDUCATION, 157-164

EIGHT Hours' Demonstration, 176

18TH (ROYAL IRISH) Regiment leaves Auckland for England, 107;
Formed Guard of Honour to Duke of Edinburgh, 127

ELAM, J. E., Bequest of, 150

ELECTRICITY for lighting and power, 204

ELINGAMITE, _steamer_, wrecked, 196-7

ELLIOTT Street Fire, 1911, 194

ENDEAN'S Buildings burned, 194

ENTERPRISE, _ferry steamer_, 105

ENTERPRISE No. 2, _ferry steamer_, 106

EPSOM, Cultivation at, 48;
Proposed township of, 52-3;
First race meeting held at, 71;
Amalgamated with city, 144;
Military training camp located at, 221

EPSOM Girls' Grammar School, 131

EUROPEAN War, 1914-9, 219-26

EVENING News, _newspaper_, 66

EXECUTION, First, 72

EXHIBITIONS, 1873, 159;
1898-9, 175-6;
1913, 211-4

FAIRFIELD Shipbuilding Co., 169

FAVOURITE, _steamer_, 117

FERRIES, 105

58TH REGIMENT, 96;
Assisted at fire, 122

FINANCES of City, 207

FINANCIAL Crisis, 141-3

FIRES, 75; 120-4; 135; 164-7; 192-6

FISHER, A., Visit of, 189

FITZROY, Governor R., absorbs unemployed on road making, 55;
Visited Maori Festival, 59;
Recalled, 57

FLAGSTAFF Hill, original name of Point Britomart, 43

FLEET Week, 189-90

FLY, _H.M.S._, 92

FORT Street Fire, 164-5

FRANKLIN Road P. Methodist Church, 138

FRENCH Mission, Visit of, 227

GALATEA, _H.M.S._, 126

GALES, 1866, 124;
1874, 167-8;
1918, 232

GAOL, 82

GAS Lighting introduced, 124-5

GILLIES, Judge T. B., endowed two scholarships at University
College, 164

GIRLS' College united with Grammar School, 130

GIRLS' Grammar School, 130-1

GLEESON'S Buildings, Fire in, 195

GOLD discovered in Auckland Province, 89, 93;
First sale of, 94

GOLDEN Crown, _steamer_, 117

GORE-BROWN, Sir T., makes arrangements for defence of Auckland at
outbreak of Maori dispute, 98

GORE Street Wharf 152, 154

GOVERNMENT Buildings destroyed by fire, 165

GOVERNMENT House burned, 76

GOVERNMENT Officers, First, 40-1

GOVERNMENT Records lost by wreck of _White Swan_, 118

GOVERNOR Wynyard, first steamer built in New Zealand, 112

GRAFTON Bridge, 200-1

GRAFTON district amalgamated with city, 144

GRAFTON Road Wesleyan Church, 137

GRAHAM, Robert, his description of Auckland in 1842, 47-8

GRAMMAR School, 129-31

GRAND Hotel Fire, 193

GREY, Sir G., Resumé of his life, 58;
Statue unveiled by Lord Plunket, 59;
Suppressed threatened invasion of Auckland, 90;
Opened new Grammar School, 130;
Presented his collection of books, etc., to citizens, 145-6, 147;
Introduced denominational schools, 158

GREYHOUND Hotel burned, 1863, 122

GREY Lynn amalgamated with city, 144

GUNSON, J. H., opened additions to Art Gallery building and Old
Colonists' Museum, 150;
Received O.B.E. and C.B.E. 224

GUNSON, Mrs. received O.B.E., 224

HALL, Mr., runs steamer service, 169

HAMILTON, Sir Ian, Visit of, 189

HARBOUR Board 143, 151-5, 207

HARRIER, _H.M.S._, 120

HEKE, Hone, proposes to attack Auckland, 60

HEKE'S Rebellion, 57

HELPING Hand Mission 137

HENDERSON and McFarlane's Fires, 1865, 123;
1873, 166

HIGH Street Fires, 1858, 121;
1904, 193

HOBSON, Captain W., founded City of Auckland, 35-42;
Gave name to Auckland City, 37 and 236-8;
Took up official residence in Auckland, 41;
Became Governor, 41;
Died and buried at Auckland, 41;
Laid foundation stone of St. Paul's Church, 67

HOBSON Street Wharf, 154

HOLMAN, W. A., Visit of 189

HOSPITAL, 72-4, 177, 187

HOUSE, First wooden, built in Auckland, 51

HOUSE of Representatives. _See_ Parliament.

HOUSING, Municipal, 205

HUDDART Parker Company, 215

IMMIGRANTS and Immigration, 53, 54, 55, 142

IMPERIAL Regiments leave Auckland, 107

INDUSTRIAL Disputes, 216-9

INFLUENZA Epidemic, 1918, 229-31

INSTITUTE and Museum. _See_ Museum and Institute.

INTER-COLONIAL R.M.S. Co., 117-8

INTER-COLONIAL Steamer Services, 117

INTER-PROVINCIAL Steamer Service, 118

IRIS, _H.M.S._, 99

IROQUOIS, _ship_, Crew of, render help at fire, 167

ISLINGTON, Baron, opened Town Hall, 206

IWATE, _Japanese warship_, Visit of, 191

JACOB'S Ladder, 151

JANE Gifford, _barque_, 53-4

JELLICOE, Lord, 191

JERVOIS, Sir W. F. D., opened Savings Bank's new premises, 71;
Opened Calliope Dock, 155;
Opened University College, 162

JOCKEYS' Strike, 218

JUBILEE Institute for the Blind, 177-8

JUNO, first merchant _steamer_ to reach Auckland, 75

KAPANUI, _steamer_, wrecked 198

KARANGAHAPE Highway District amalgamated with the city, 144

KARRAKATTA, _H.M.S._, 189

KENNY, Lieut.-Col., mentioned in Governor's despatch in connection
with Maori invasion, 1851, 92;
Placed in command of settlement at Onehunga, 99

KIA-ORA, _steamer_, wrecked, 198

KITCHENER, Earl, Visit of 187

KNOX, Mrs., bequeathed £70,000 to charities, 210, 211

KOHIMARAMA Conference, 1860, 98

KORORAREKA, Destruction of, 57

LABOUR, 176

LABOUR Day Demonstration, 176

LAND Sales, 50-2, 88

LAND, Speculation in, 142-3

LEGISLATIVE Council. _See_ Parliament.

LESLIE Presbyterian Orphanage, 211

LEYS, T. W., and University College, 163;
LL.D. conferred by McGill University, Toronto, 163-4

LEYS Institute, 208-9

LIVERPOOL, Earl of, opened new Grammar School, 131;
Opened Myers Kindergarten, 202;
Opened Exhibition, 1913, 212

LIZARD, _H.M.S._., 189

LUCKIE, D.M., printed a fictitious report describing the capture of
Auckland by a Russian man-of-war, 156

LUCKNER, Commander von, and other German prisoners escaped from
Motuihi, 221-2

MACDONALD, Sir Hector, Visit of, 186-7

MACEDONIA, _steamer_, 215

McKECHNIE, E. A., bequeathed books to Public Library, 148

McKECHNIE, Mrs. E. A., Bequest of, 207

MACKELVIE, J. T., presented books to Public Library, 148;
Bequeathed his art collection and funds to establish a Museum of
Fine Art, 149

MACKY, Logan, Caldwell and Co.'s Fire, 194

McLACHLAN, J. M., bequeathed Cornwallis Park to the city, 202

MAKETU Hanged, 72

MAKURA, _steamer_, 215

MALCOLM, Messrs., Fire starts in premises of, 1866, 123-4

MAMARI, _steamer_, Accident to, 198

MANUKAU Steamship Co., 171

MAORI Battalion welcomed home, 226-7

MAORI Chapel utilised by Grammar School, 129

MAORI Festival, Remuera, 59

MAORI Police, 92

MAORI Traders, 86, 89, 115

MAORI Wars, 1860-64, 97-101

MARAMA, _steamer_, 214-5

MARAROA, _steamer_, 169

MARIPOSA, _steamer_ 169, 170

MARITIME Strike, 1890, 176

MARKETS, 146, 204

MASON, W., Bequest of, 178

MATHEW, F., Surveyor-General favoured Tamaki for site of capital, 35-6;
Selected site for settlement on the Waitemata, 39;
Made first plan of city, 50

MAYOR--A. Clark elected first, 73

MECHANICS' Institute and Library, 75, 146;
Conducted courses of lectures and classes, 159;
Promoted an exhibition, 159

MEREDITH, Mr., and his son murdered, 100

METHODIST Church of New Zealand, 138

MIKADO, _steamer_, 169

MILITIA, Auckland, ordered on active service, 101

MOA, _scow_, 222

MOA, _ship_, 112

MOANA, _steamer_, 170

MONGOL, _steamer_, 169

MONGOLIA, _steamer_, 215

MONOWAI, _steamer_, 170

MOORE, J., printer of early newspapers, 62

MORNING News, _newspaper_, 66

MORRIN & Co.'s fire, 1858, 122

MORRIN, T. & S., Warehouse of, burned, 193

MOSES Taylor, _steamer_, 168

MUNICIPAL Government.
Auckland made first borough in New Zealand, 77-8;
Urgency of, 145.
_See also_ City Council.

MUSEUM and Institute 132-3, 208

MYERS, Hon. A. M. presented park and kindergarten, 201-2;
Presented clock to Town Hall, 207

NATIONAL Bank of N.Z., 174

NATIONAL Efficiency Board, 224

NEBRASKA, _steamer_, 168

NELSON, _steamer_, 118

NEVADA, _steamer_, 168

NEWSPAPERS, 61-7

NEWTON Congregational Church, 138

NEW Ulster, Province of, abolished, 95

NEW Zealand Banking Co., 70

NEW Zealand Company oppose choice of Auckland as capital, 38

NEW Zealander, _newspaper_ 64

NEW Zealand Herald, _newspaper_, 64-6

NEW Zealand Herald and Auckland Gazette, _newspaper_, 61-2

NEW ZEALAND, _H.M.S._, 190-1

NEW Zealand Insurance Company, 110-1

NEW Zealand proclaimed independent of New South Wales, 41

NEW Zealand Shipping Company, 170-1

NEW Zealand Steam Navigation Company, 118

NGAKAPA, Threatened invasion of Auckland led by, 90

NGAWIKI apprehended for theft, 90

NIAGARA, _steamer_, 229

NIGER, _H.M. steam frigate_ 99

NIHOTUPU Dam, 203

NIXON, Lieut.-Col., placed in command, Otahuhu, 99

NORTHERN Steamship Co. 171

NOVELTY, _barque_, built by Mr. Niccol, 113

OCEANIC Company, 169

OLD Colonists' Association 54

OLD Colonists' Museum. _See_ Public Library, Art Gallery and Old
Colonists' Museum.

ONSLOW, Earl of, opened Costley Home, 74

ORIENTAL Bank Corporation, 108

O'RORKE, Sir G. M., and University College, 162

ORPHAN Home bequeathed £12,150 by E. Costley, 177;
Bequeathed £11,000 by W. Arrowsmith, 210

ORPHEUS, _H.M.S._, wrecked on Manukau Bar, 119-20

OSPREY Inn burned, 1858 121

P. & O. Company, 215

PACIFIC Mail Company, 169

PALOONA, _steamer_, 215

PANAMA, N.Z. and Australian Line, 114, 117

PANMURE recommended as site of capital by Felton Mathew, 35

PARKS, 201-2

PARLIAMENT Building, 97;
Acquired by University College, 162

PARLIAMENT opens its maiden session at Auckland, 96

PARNELL originally designed for suburban allotments, 51-2;
Laid out as township, 52-3;
Amalgamated with city, 144

PARNELL Hill pierced by railway tunnel, 103

PARTRIDGE, H. E., presented Lindauer Collection to Art Gallery, 223

PAU, General, Visit of, 227

PEACE Celebrations, 1919, 224-5

PENGUIN, _H.M.S._, 189

PENNY Savings Bank inaugurated, 71

PENSIONERS, 91

PHILSON, Dr. F. M., first medical officer of Auckland, 72

PHOEBE, _H.M.S._, 189

PHOENIX Foundry burned, 167

PITT Street Wesleyan Church, 137

PLATINA, _barque_, 39

PLUNKET, Lord, unveiled statue of Sir Geo. Grey, 59;
Laid foundation stone of Technical College, 160;
Opened Jubilee Institute for the Blind, 178;
Unveiled statue of Sir J. Logan Campbell, 186

POINT Britomart. _See_ Britomart Point.

POINT Chevalier amalgamated with city, 145

PONSONBY amalgamated with city, 144

POPULATION, 1841-2, 53;
1851, 80;
1853, 87;
1861-67, 107-8;
1871-96, 141-2;
1901-21, 182;
Table of, 239

POST Office Fire, 165

POTATAU (Te Wherowhero) and other Maori chiefs decline to join Hone
Heke in attacking Auckland, 60-1

PRESBYTERIAN Church, 68-9, 135-6

PRESBYTERY of Auckland formed, 69

PRIMITIVE Methodist Church, 138

PRINCE Alfred, _steamer_ 116-7

PRINCESS Mary Hospital for Children, 73

PROVISIONS, 1841, 49;
1851, 86

PUBLIC Library, Art Gallery and Old Colonists' Museum, 115, 125;
Description of, 146-50, 177, 223

QUAY Street Jetty, 154

QUEEN Carnival, 223

QUEEN, _steamer_, 118

QUEEN Street Fires, 1866, 123-4;
1873, 165-6;
1876, 166-7

QUEEN Street Wharf 152, 153-4

QUEEN Victoria School for Maori Girls, Foundation stone of, laid, 184

RACE Meeting, First held in New Zealand, 71

RAILWAY Strike, 218

RAILWAYS, 103

RANFURLY, Earl of, opened Exhibition, 1898-9, 176;
Unveiled statue of Queen Victoria, 180;
Opened Veterans' Home, 181

RANGATIRA, _steamer_, 116, 117

RANGER, _revenue cutter_, 36

RECLAMATION of foreshores, 151, 152-3

REGATTA, First held at Auckland, 40

REMUERA, Maori Festival held at, 59;
Amalgamated with city, 144

RENOWN, _H.M.S._, 233

RENTS and Lodgings, 1841, 49;
1851, 86

RICHARDSON, Brig.-Gen. G. S., welcomed home 227-8

RING, C., discovers gold at Coromandel, 93-4

RINGAROOMA, _H.M.S._, 189

ROAD Making in the '40s 55-6

ROADS, 199

ROMAN Catholic Church 68, 134-5

ROUGH, Capt. D., appointed Harbour Master at Waitemata, 36;
Immigration Agent, 54;
Superintendent of Works, 55-6

ROYAL Albert, _steamer_, 116

ROYAL Arthur, H.M.S., 189

ROYAL Irish Regiment. _See_ 18th (Royal Irish) Regiment.

ROYAL Regiment of Artillery Band, 213

RUAPEKAPEKA, Capture of, 60

RUBY, _steamer_, wrecked, 173

SAILOR'S Home, 177

ST. ANDREW'S Presbyterian Church, 69

ST. ANDREW'S School used as Grammar School, 130

ST. BENEDICT'S Church, 135

ST. DAVID'S Presbyterian Church, 136

ST. GEORGE, _ship_, 54

ST. JAMES' Presbyterian Church, 136

ST. MARY'S Pro-Cathedral, 133-4

ST. MATTHEW'S Church, 133

ST. PATRICK'S Cathedral, 68

ST. PAUL'S Church, 67

SAVINGS Bank, 70-1;
Contributed £10,000 towards cost of Technical Col-building, 160

SCHOOL of Art established by will of Dr. J. E. Elam, 150

SCHOOLS, Primary, 158

SCOTTISH Element in Auckland traceable to the immigrants by the
_Duchess of Argyle_ and _Jane Gifford_, 54

SECCOMBE'S Well supplied city with water, 145

SEDDON Memorial Technical College. _See_ Technical College.

SELWYN, Bishop, arrived in Auckland, 67;
Consecrated St. Paul's Church, 67;
Dedicated St. Mary's Pro-Cathedral, 134

SEWERAGE, 203

SHAW, F., presented collection of books to Public Library, 148

SHAW, H., presented collection of books to Public Library, 148

SHAW, Savill and Albion Line, 171

SHIPBUILDING, 111-12

SHIPPING 75, 88, 113-9, 168-71 214-6

SHIPWRECKS and Disasters, 116, 118, 119, 120, 172-3, 196-9

SHORTLAND Street Fire, 1919, 196

SIERRA, _steamer_, 170

SIXTY-FIFTH Regiment, 99

SLUMP. _See_ Financial Crisis.

SMITH, S. Hague, commenced a steamer service 116

SMITH, Mr. and Mrs. W. H., presented Convalescent Home, 210

SOCIAL Conditions described by Dr. J. Logan Campbell, 45-7

SOCIAL Life in the early '50s, 84-5

SOCIETY of Arts, Mrs. McKechnie bequeathed £2500 to erect a
gallery, 207

SOLDIERS' Club, 228

SONOMA _steamer_, 170

SOUTH African War, 180-1

SOUTH British Insurance Co., 174

SOUTHERN CROSS, _newspaper_, 63-4;
Printed fictitious report describing the capture of Auckland by a
Russian man-of-war 156

SPARROW, _H.M.S._, 189

SPECULATION precipitated financial crisis, 142-3

SPENSER, _brig_, 114

SPORT. _See also_ Amusements.

SPRAGG, W., presented Kaiterakihe Park to the city, 202

STAR of the South, _steamer_, 171

STOCKS for petty criminals, 45

STORMBIRD, _steamer_, 118

STRAND Arcade Burned, 194

STRIKES, 176, 216-9

SUBMARINE Minefield discovered between North Cape and Cape Maria van
Diemen, 222;
Wrecked steamer _Wimmera_, 199

SUPREME Court, 72

SWIMMING Baths, 203

SYMONDS Street Cemetery, 41

SYNAGOGUE, 138-9

TABERNACLE, 137

TAKAPUNA, _ferry steamer_, 106

TAMAKI suggested as site of capital by Rev. H. Williams, 35

TARTAR, _steamer_, 169

TASMANIA, _steamer_, wrecked, 173

TECHNICAL College, 160-1

TECHNICAL Education 159-61

TECHNICAL School, 160

TELEGRAPH, Electric, 101-2

TERRY, Charles, _quoted_ 48-9

TE WHEROWHERO. _See_ Potatau.

THAMES Hotel Fire, 1919, 196

THISTLE Hotel Burned, 1863, 122

TOWN Hall, 205-7

TRADES and Labour Council founded, 176

TRADE Unions, 176

TRAMS, Electric, 204

TRAMS, Horse, 146

TRAMWAYS Dispute, 218

TRANSPORTATION, 103-6

TRUST, Mr., Two sons of, murdered, 100

TYSER Line, 171

UNEMPLOYMENT, 55, 107

UNION Bank of Australia 71

UNIONISM, 176

UNION Sash and Door Co.'s Fire, 167

UNION Steamship Co. 169, 214-5, 216

UNITED States Navy, Visit of, 189-90

UNIVERSITY College acquired Old Parliament building, 97;
Historical note, 161-4

VALUATIONS, City, 207

VASCO de Gama, _steamer_, 169

VENTURA, _steamer_, 170

VETERANS' Home, 181

VICTORIA, _ferry steamer_, 106

VICTORIA, Queen, Diamond Jubilee of, 178

VIRAGO, _H.M.S._, 126

WAGES, 1841, 49;
1851, 86

WAIRARAPA, _steamer_, wrecked, 172-3

WAIRAU, Massacre at, 57

WAITAKERE Dam, 203

WAITEMATA, _ferry steamer_, 105

WAITEMATA suggested as site of capital by Rev. H. Williams, 35

WALES, Visit of Prince of, 219, 232-3

WALLAROO, _H.M.S._, 189

WATERFRONT, Original state of, 43-4

WATER Supply, 145, 203

WEATHER, 124, 167-8, 232

WEBB and Holladay, Messrs., 168

WELLESLEY Street Fire, 1873, 165-6

WELLINGTON, _steamer_, 118

WELLINGTON Steamship Co., 115

WESLEYAN Church, 69, 137

WESTERN Springs Purchased, 145

WESTMINSTER, _ship_, 55

WHARVES, 81, 151-4

WHITE Star Line, 171

WHITE Swan, _steamer_, 118

WILLIAM Denny, _steamer_ 117

WILLIAMS, Rev. H., recommended the Tamaki or Waitemata as site of
capital, 35

WILLIAMS, _steamer_, 117

WILL o' the Wisp, _ship_, 114

WIMMERA, _steamer_, wrecked, 199

WINDSOR Terrace, proposed township of, 53

WONGA WONGA, _coastal steamer_, 115-6, 120

WONGA WONGA, _Pacific steamer_, 118

WYNYARD Pier, 152

Y.M.C.A. 122, 139, 160

Y.W.C.A. 139-40

ZEALANDIA, _steamer_, 169, 215

ZINGARI, _steamer_, 118

Transcriber's notes:

The following is a list of changes made to the original.
The first line is the original line, the second the corrected one.

collectively acknowledged the superior prestige of an Arika,
collectively acknowledged the superior prestige of an Ariki,

Hobsons' choice of the capital was strenuously
Hobson's choice of the capital was strenuously

According to the official "Gazette," only 116 allotmets were sold,
According to the official "Gazette," only 116 allotments were sold,

that of Auckand for the year ending June 30, 1852, amounting to
that of Auckland for the year ending June 30, 1852, amounting to

although such a step would have taken place in due cousre.
although such a step would have taken place in due course.

The Auckland Grammar School, which was a most unpretentions affair,
The Auckland Grammar School, which was a most unpretentious affair,

Miss Whitelaw retired from the the Head Mistressship in 1910,
Miss Whitelaw retired from the Head Mistressship in 1910,