Chapter II: Foreword: v

I. PHILADELPHIA ARCHITECTURE 1

II. GEORGIAN COUNTRY HOUSES OF BRICK 16

III. CITY RESIDENCES OF BRICK 38

IV. LEDGE-STONE COUNTRY HOUSES 53

V. PLASTERED STONE COUNTRY HOUSES 69

VI. HEWN STONE COUNTRY HOUSES 86

VII. DOORWAYS AND PORCHES 101

VIII. WINDOWS AND SHUTTERS 134

IX. HALLS AND STAIRCASES 153

X. MANTELS AND CHIMNEY PIECES 169

XI. INTERIOR WOOD FINISH 185

XII. PUBLIC BUILDINGS 196

INDEX 227

_List of Plates_

I. Doorway, Cliveden, Germantown _Frontispiece_

PAGE

II. Old Mermaid Inn, Mount Airy; Old Red Lion Inn 6

III. Camac Street, "The Street of Little Clubs"; Woodford, Northern Liberties, Fairmount Park. Erected by William Coleman in 1756 7

IV. Stenton, Germantown Avenue, Germantown. Erected by James Logan in 1727 12

V. Hope Lodge, Whitemarsh Valley. Erected by Samuel Morris in 1723; Home of Stephen Girard 13

VI. Port Royal House, Frankford. Erected in 1762 by Edward Stiles 16

VII. Blackwell House, 224 Pine Street. Erected about 1765 by John Stamper; Wharton House, 336 Spruce Street. Erected prior to 1796 by Samuel Pancoast 17

VIII. Morris House, 225 South Eighth Street. Erected in 1786 by John Reynolds 20

IX. Wistar House, Fourth and Locust Streets. Erected about 1750; Betsy Ross House, 239 Arch Street 21

X. Glen Fern, on Wissahickon Creek, Germantown. Erected about 1747 by Thomas Shoemaker; Grumblethorpe, 5261 Germantown Avenue, Germantown. Erected in 1744 by John Wister 24

XI. Upsala, Germantown Avenue and Upsala Streets, Germantown. Erected in 1798 by John Johnson; End Perspective of Upsala 25

XII. The Woodlands, Blockley Township, West Philadelphia. Erected in 1770 by William Hamilton; Stable at The Woodlands 28

XIII. Wyck, Germantown Avenue and Walnut Lane, Germantown. Erected by Hans Millan about 1690; Hall and Entrance Doorways, Wyck 29

XIV. Mount Pleasant, Northern Liberties, Fairmount Park. Erected in 1761 by Captain James Macpherson; The Main House, Mount Pleasant 32

XV. Deschler-Perot-Morris House, 5442 Germantown Avenue, Germantown. Erected in 1772 by Daniel Deschler; Vernon, Vernon Park, Germantown. Erected in 1803 by James Matthews 33

XVI. Loudoun, Germantown Avenue and Apsley Street, Germantown. Erected in 1801 by Thomas Armat; Solitude, Blockley Township, Fairmount Park. Erected in 1785 by John Penn 34

XVII. Cliveden, Germantown Avenue and Johnson Street, Germantown. Erected in 1781 by Benjamin Chew 35

XVIII. Detail of Cliveden Façade; Detail of Bartram House Façade 40

XIX. The Highlands, Skippack Pike, Whitemarsh. Erected in 1796 by Anthony Morris 41

XX. Bartram House, Kingsessing, West Philadelphia. Erected in 1730-31 by John Bartram; Old Green Tree Inn, 6019 Germantown Avenue, Germantown. Erected in 1748 46

XXI. Johnson House, 6306 Germantown Avenue, Germantown. Erected in 1765-68 by Dirck Jansen; Billmeyer House, Germantown Avenue, Germantown. Erected in 1727 47

XXII. Hooded Doorway, Johnson House, Germantown; Hooded Doorway, Green Tree Inn 52

XXIII. Pedimental Doorway, 114 League Street; Pedimental Doorway, 5933 Germantown Avenue 53

XXIV. Doorway, 5011 Germantown Avenue; Doorway, Morris House, 225 South Eighth Street 56

XXV. Doorway, 6504 Germantown Avenue; Doorway, 709 Spruce Street 57

XXVI. Doorway, 5200 Germantown Avenue; Doorway, 4927 Frankford Avenue 60

XXVII. Doorway, Powel House, 244 South Third Street; Doorway, Wharton House, 336 Spruce Street 61

XXVIII. Doorway, 301 South Seventh Street 64

XXIX. Doorway, Grumblethorpe, 5621 Germantown Avenue; Doorway, 6105 Germantown Avenue 65

XXX. Doorway, Doctor Denton's House, Germantown 68

XXXI. West Entrance, Mount Pleasant, Fairmount Park; East Entrance, Mount Pleasant 69

XXXII. Doorway, Solitude, Fairmount Park; Doorway, Perot-Morris House, 5442 Germantown Avenue 72

XXXIII. Entrance Porch and Doorway, Upsala, Germantown; Elliptical Porch and Doorway, 39 Fisher's Lane, Wayne Junction 73

XXXIV. Doorway, 224 South Eighth Street; Doorway, Stenton 78

XXXV. Doorway and Ironwork, Southeast Corner of Eighth and Spruce Streets 79

XXXVI. Doorway and Ironwork, Northeast Corner of Third and Pine Streets; Stoop with Curved Stairs and Iron Handrail, 316 South Third Street 84

XXXVII. Stoop and Balustrade, Wistar House; Stoop and Balustrade, 130 Race Street 85

XXXVIII. Detail of Iron Balustrade, 216 South Ninth Street; Stoop with Wing Flights, 207 La Grange Alley 88

XXXIX. Iron Newel, Fourth and Liberty Streets; Iron Newel, 1107 Walnut Street 89

XL. Footscraper, Wyck; Old Philadelphia Footscraper; Footscraper, Third and Spruce Streets; Footscraper, Dirck-Keyser House, Germantown 92

XLI. Footscraper, 320 South Third Street; Footscraper, South Third Street; Footscraper, Vernon, Germantown; Footscraper, 239 Pine Street 93

XLII. Iron Stair Rail and Footscraper, South Seventh Street (section); Iron Stair Rail and Footscraper, South Fourth Street (section); Iron Stair Rail and Footscraper, Seventh and Locust Streets (section); Iron Stair Rail and Footscraper, Seventh and Locust Streets (section) 98

XLIII. Detail of Window and Shutters, Morris House 99

XLIV. Window and Shutters, Free Quakers' Meeting House, Fifth and Arch Streets; Second Story Window, Free Quakers' Meeting House 102

XLV. Detail of Window, Combes Alley; Window and Shutters, Cliveden; Window, Bartram House 103

XLVI. Window, Stenton; Window and Shutters, 128 Race Street 106

XLVII. Dormer, Witherill House, 130 North Front Street; Dormer, 6105 Germantown Avenue, Germantown; Foreshortened Window, Morris House; Dormer, Stenton; Window and Shutters, Witherill House; Window and Blinds, 6105 Germantown Avenue 107

XLVIII. Shutter Fastener, Cliveden; Shutter Fastener, Wyck; Shutter Fastener, Perot-Morris House; Shutter Fastener, 6043 Germantown Avenue 110

XLIX. Detail of Round Headed Window, Congress Hall; Detail of Round Headed Window, Christ Church 111

L. Fenestration, Chancel End, St. Peter's Church 114

LI. Details of Round Headed Windows, Christ Church 115

LII. Chancel Window, Christ Church; Palladian Window and Doorway, Independence Hall 118

LIII. Palladian Window, The Woodlands 119

LIV. Great Hall and Staircase, Stenton 122

LV. Hall and Staircase, Whitby Hall; Detail of Staircase, Whitby Hall 123

LVI. Hall and Staircase, Mount Pleasant; Second Floor Hall Archway and Palladian Window, Mount Pleasant 126

LVII. Hall and Staircase, Cliveden; Staircase Detail, Cliveden 127

LVIII. Detail of Staircase Balustrade and Newel, Upsala; Staircase Balustrade, Roxborough 130

LIX. Staircase Detail, Upsala; Staircase Balustrade, Gowen House, Mount Airy 131

LX. Detail of Stair Ends, Carpenter House, Third and Spruce Streets; Detail of Stair Ends, Independence Hall (horizontal section) 134

LXI. Chimney Piece in the Hall, Stenton; Chimney Piece and Paneled Wall, Great Chamber, Mount Pleasant 135

LXII. Chimney Piece and Paneled Wall, Parlor, Whitby Hall 138

LXIII. Chimney Piece, Parlor, Mount Pleasant; Chimney Piece, Parlor, Cliveden 139

LXIV. Chimney Piece and Paneled Wall on the Second Floor of an Old Spruce Street House; Detail of Mantel, 312 Cypress Street 142

LXV. Parlor Mantel, Upsala; Detail of Parlor Mantel, Upsala 143

LXVI. Mantel at Upsala; Mantel at Third and DeLancy Streets 144

LXVII. Mantel, Rex House, Mount Airy; Mantel at 729 Walnut Street 145

LXVIII. Parlor, Stenton; Reception Room, Stenton 148

LXIX. Dining Room, Stenton; Library, Stenton 149

LXX. Pedimental Doorway, First Floor, Mount Pleasant; Pedimental Doorway, Second Floor, Mount Pleasant 152

LXXI. Doorways, Second Floor Hall, Mount Pleasant; Doorway Detail, Whitby Hall 153

LXXII. Inside of Front Door, Whitby Hall; Palladian Window on Stair Landing, Whitby Hall 156

LXXIII. Window Detail, Parlor, Whitby Hall; Window Detail, Dining Room, Whitby Hall 157

LXXIV. Ceiling Detail, Solitude; Cornice and Frieze Detail, Solitude 160

LXXV. Independence Hall, Independence Square Side. Begun in 1731 161

LXXVI. Independence Hall, Chestnut Street Side 164

LXXVII. Independence Hall, Stairway; Liberty Bell, Independence Hall 165

LXXVIII. Stairway Landing, Independence Hall; Palladian Window at Stairway Landing 170

LXXIX. Declaration Chamber, Independence Hall 171

LXXX. Judge's Bench, Supreme Court Room, Independence Hall; Arcade at Opposite End of Court Room 174

LXXXI. Banquet Hall, Second Floor, Independence Hall; Entrance to Banquet Hall 175

LXXXII. Congress Hall, Sixth and Chestnut Streets. Completed in 1790; Congress Hall from Independence Square 180

LXXXIII. Stair Hall Details, Congress Hall 181

LXXXIV. Interior Detail of Main Entrance, Congress Hall; President's Dais, Senate Chamber, Congress Hall 190

LXXXV. Gallery, Senate Chamber, Congress Hall 191

LXXXVI. Carpenters' Hall, off Chestnut Street between South Third and South Fourth Streets. Erected in 1770; Old Market House, Second and Pine Streets 196

LXXXVII. Main Building, Pennsylvania Hospital. Erected in 1755 197

LXXXVIII. Main Hall and Double Staircase, Pennsylvania Hospital 206

LXXXIX. Custom House, Fifth and Chestnut Streets. Completed in 1824; Main Building, Girard College. Begun in 1833 207

XC. Old Stock Exchange, Walnut and Dock Streets; Girard National Bank, 116 South Third Street 210

XCI. Christ Church, North Second Street near Market Street. Erected in 1727-44; Old Swedes' Church, Swanson and Christian Streets. Erected in 1698-1700 211

XCII. St. Peter's Church, South Third and Pine Streets. Erected in 1761; Lectern, St. Peter's Church 216

XCIII. Interior and Chancel, Christ Church; Interior and Lectern, St. Peter's Church 217

XCIV. Interior and Chancel, Old Swedes' Church; St. Paul's Church, South Third Street near Walnut Street 220

XCV. Mennonite Meeting House, Germantown. Erected in 1770; Holy Trinity Church, South Twenty-first and Walnut Streets 221

_The Colonial Architecture of Philadelphia_