Chapter VI: The Lower River and the Ocean Tides 374

INDEX 399

ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

ST. PETER'S DOME, COLUMBIA RIVER, 2300 FEET HIGH _Frontispiece_
Copyright, Kiser Photograph Co., 1902.

MOUNT ADAMS FROM THE SOUTH 74
Photo. by W. D. Lyman.

CAPT. ROBERT GRAY 76

THE "COLUMBIA REDIVIVA" 76

MOUNT HOOD FROM LOST LAKE 82
Photo. by E. H. Moorehouse.

ELIOT GLACIER, MT. HOOD 84
Photo. by E. H. Moorehouse.

ASTORIA IN 1845 116
From an old print.

ASTORIA, LOOKING UP AND ACROSS THE COLUMBIA RIVER 116
Photo. by Woodfield.

ONE OF THE LAGOONS OF THE UPPER COLUMBIA RIVER, NEAR GOLDEN B. C. 120
Photo. by C. F. Yates, Golden.

SADDLE MOUNTAIN, OR SWALLALOCHORT NEAR ASTORIA, FAMOUS IN INDIAN
MYTH 120
Photo. by Woodfield.

STEAMER "BEAVER," THE FIRST STEAMER ON THE PACIFIC, 1836 124

PORTLAND, OREGON, IN 1851 124
From an old print.

GRAVE OF MARCUS WHITMAN AND HIS ASSOCIATE MARTYRS AT WAIILATPU 210
Photo. by W. D. Chapman.

CAYUSE BABIES--1 212
Copyright by Lee Moorehouse, 1898.

CAYUSE BABIES--2 212
Copyright by Lee Moorehouse, 1898.

COL. B. F. SHAW, WHO WON THE BATTLE OF GRANDE RONDE IN 1856 222
By courtesy of Lee Moorehouse.

FORT SHERIDAN ON THE GRANDE RONDE, BUILT BY PHILIP SHERIDAN IN
1855 224
By courtesy of Lee Moorehouse.

TULLUX HOLLIQUILLA, A WARM SPRINGS INDIAN CHIEF, FAMOUS IN THE
MODOC WAR AS A SCOUT FOR U. S. TROOPS 228
By courtesy of Lee Moorehouse.

HALLAKALLAKEEN (EAGLE WING) OR JOSEPH, THE NEZ PERCE CHIEF 230
By T. W. Tolman.

CAMP OF CHIEF JOSEPH ON THE NESPILEM, WASH. 232
Photo. by T. W. Tolman, Spokane.

TIRZAH TRASK, A UMATILLA INDIAN GIRL--TAKEN AS AN IDEAL OF
SACAJAWEA 234
Photo. by Lee Moorehouse, Pendleton.

OREGON PIONEER IN HIS CABIN 256
Photo. by E. H. Moorehouse.

OLD PORTAGE RAILROAD AT CASCADES IN 1860 258

A LOG-BOOM DOWN THE RIVER FOR SAN FRANCISCO 258
Photo. by Woodfield.

LUMBER MILL AND STEAMBOAT LANDING AT GOLDEN, B. C. 260
Photo. by C. F. Yates.

A TYPICAL LUMBER CAMP 262
Photo. by Trueman.

A LOGGING RAILROAD, NEAR ASTORIA 264
Photo. by Woodfield.

NATURAL BRIDGE, KICKING HORSE OR WAPTA RIVER, AND MT. STEPHEN,
B. C. 276
Photo. by C. F. Yates.

SUNRISE ON COLUMBIA RIVER, NEAR WASHOUGAL 276
Copyright, Kiser Photograph Co., 1902.

LAKE WINDERMERE, UPPER COLUMBIA, WHERE DAVID THOMPSON'S FORT
WAS BUILT IN 1810 280
Photo. by W. D. Lyman.

MT. BURGESS AND EMERALD LAKE, ONE OF THE SOURCES OF THE WAPTA
RIVER, B. C. 282
Photo. by C. F. Yates.

BONNINGTON FALLS IN KOOTENAI RIVER, NEAR NELSON 284
Photo. by Allan Lean.

BRIDGE CREEK, A TRIBUTARY OF LAKE CHELAN, WASH. 286
Photo. by F. N. Kneeland, Northampton, Mass.

KOOTENAI LAKE, FROM PROCTOR, B. C. 288
Photo. by Allan Lean, Nelson.

LOWER ARROW LAKE, B. C. 290
Photo. by Allan Lean, Nelson.

BRIDAL VEIL FALLS ON COLUMBIA RIVER 292
Photo. by E. H. Moorehouse.

SHOSHONE FALLS, IN SNAKE RIVER, 212 FEET HIGH 294
Photo. by W. D. Lyman.

LAKE PEND OREILLE, IDAHO 296
Photo. by T. W. Tolman.

LAKE COEUR D'ALENE, IDAHO 296
Photo. by T. W. Tolman.

THE "SHADOWY ST. JOE," IDAHO 298
Photo. by T. W. Tolman.

ON THE COEUR D'ALENE RIVER, IDAHO 300
Photo. by T. W. Tolman.

GORGE OF CHELAN RIVER, THE OUTLET OF LAKE CHELAN 302
Photo. by T. W. Tolman, Spokane.

HEAD OF LAKE CHELAN--LOOKING UP STEHEKIN CANYON 304
Photo. by W. D. Lyman.

CASCADE PASS AT HEAD OF STEHEKIN RIVER, WASH. 306
Photo. by T. W. Tolman, Spokane.

DOUBTFUL LAKE, CASCADE RANGE, WASHINGTON, NEAR LAKE CHELAN 308
Photo. by T. W. Tolman, Spokane, Wash.

HORSESHOE BASIN THROUGH A ROCK GAP, STEHEKIN CANYON 310
Photo. by T. W. Tolman.

LAKE CHELAN 312
Photo. by W. D. Lyman.

A HARVEST OUTFIT, DAYTON, WASH. 314
_Sunset Magazine._

A COMBINED HARVESTER, NEAR WALLA WALLA 314
Photo. by W. D. Chapman.

INLAND EMPIRE SYSTEM'S POWER PLANT, NEAR SPOKANE, 20,000
HORSE-POWER 316
Photo. by T. W. Tolman.

LOWER SPOKANE FALLS 316
Photo. by T. W. Tolman.

CANYON OF THE STEHEKIN, NEAR LAKE CHELAN 318
Photo. by T. W. Tolman.

MEMORIAL BUILDING, WHITMAN COLLEGE, WALLA WALLA 320
Photo. by W. D. Chapman.

STARTING THE PLOUGHS IN THE WHEAT LAND, WALLA WALLA, WASH. 322
Photo. by W. D. Chapman, Walla Walla.

ON THE HISTORIC WALLA WALLA RIVER 324
Photo. by W. D. Chapman.

BLALOCK FRUIT RANCH OF A THOUSAND ACRES AT WALLA WALLA, WASH. 326
Photo. by W. D. Chapman.

WITCH'S HEAD, NEAR OLD WISHRAM VILLAGE. THE INDIAN SUPERSTITION
IS THAT THESE EYES WILL FOLLOW ANY UNFAITHFUL WOMAN 328
By courtesy of Lee Moorehouse.

CABBAGE ROCK, FOUR MILES NORTH OF THE DALLES 330
Photo. by Lee Moorehouse, Pendleton.

EAGLE ROCK, JUST ABOVE SHOSHONE FALLS IN SNAKE RIVER 332
Photo. by W. D. Lyman.

STEHEKIN CANYON, 5000 FEET DEEP 334
Photo. by W. D. Lyman.

STEAMER "DALLES CITY," DESCENDING THE CASCADES OF THE COLUMBIA 336

MEMALOOSE ISLAND, COLUMBIA RIVER 338
Photo. by E. H. Moorehouse.

HORSESHOE BASIN NEAR LAKE CHELAN, WASH. 340
Photo. by T. W. Tolman, Spokane.

CASTLE ROCK, COLUMBIA RIVER 342
Copyright, Kiser Photograph Co., 1902.

THE LYMAN GLACIER AND GLACIER LAKE IN NORTH STAR PARK, NEAR
LAKE CHELAN 344
Photo. by W. D. Lyman.

HUNTERS ON LAKE CHELAN, WITH THEIR SPOILS 346
Photo. by W. D. Lyman.

A MORNING'S CATCH ON THE TOUCHET, NEAR DAYTON, WASH. 346
_Sunset Magazine._

ONEONTA GORGE--LOOKING IN 348
Photo. by E. H. Moorehouse.

CAPE HORN, COLUMBIA RIVER--LOOKING UP 350
Photo. by E. H. Moorehouse, Portland.

LOOKING UP THE COLUMBIA RIVER FROM THE CLIFF ABOVE MULTNOMAH
FALLS, ORE. 352
Copyright, 1902, by Kiser Photograph Co.

SPOKANE FALLS AND CITY, 1886 354
Photo. by T. W. Tolman, Spokane.

SPOKANE FALLS AND CITY, 1908 354
Photo. by T. W. Tolman.

IN THE HEART OF THE CASCADE MOUNTAINS, ABOVE LAKE CHELAN, WASH. 360
Photo. by T. W. Tolman, Spokane.

BIRCH-TREE CHANNEL, UPPER COLUMBIA, NEAR GOLDEN, B. C. 362
Photo by C. F. Yates, Golden.

TYPICAL MOUNTAIN MEADOW, STEHEKIN VALLEY, WASH. 364
Photo. by T. W. Tolman.

HIGH SCHOOL, WALLA WALLA, WASH. 366
Photo. by W. D. Chapman, Walla Walla.

LAKE CHELAN 368
Photo. by F. N. Kneeland.

ON THE BANKS OF THE COLUMBIA RIVER, NEAR HOOD RIVER 370
Photo. by E. H. Moorehouse.

ROOSTER ROCK, COLUMBIA RIVER--LOOKING UP 372
Photo. by E. H. Moorehouse, Portland.

BAND OF ELK ON W. P. RESER'S RANCH, WALLA WALLA, WASH. 374
Photo. by W. D. Chapman.

OREGON CITY IN 1845 376
From an old print.

FORT VANCOUVER IN 1845 376

LONE ROCK, COLUMBIA RIVER, ABOUT FIFTY MILES EAST OF PORTLAND 378
Photo. by E. H. Moorehouse, Portland.

WILLAMETTE FALLS, OREGON CITY, ORE. 380
Photo. by E. H. Moorehouse.

AMONG THE BIG SPRUCE TREES, NEAR ASTORIA, OREGON 382
Photo. by Woodfield, Astoria.

PORTLAND IN 1908. MT. ST. HELENS SIXTY-FIVE MILES DISTANT 384

PORTLAND HARBOUR, OREGON 386
Photo. by E. H. Moorehouse, Portland.

FISH RIVER ROAD IN UPPER COLUMBIA REGION, B. C. 388
Photo. by Trueman, Victoria.

MULTNOMAH FALLS, 840 FEET HIGH, ON SOUTH SIDE OF COLUMBIA RIVER
ABOUT SIXTY MILES ABOVE PORTLAND 390
Photo. by E. H. Moorehouse.

CHINOOK SALMON, WEIGHT 80 POUNDS 392
Photo. by Woodfield, Astoria.

LAKE ADELA, NEAR HEAD OF COLUMBIA RIVER, B. C. 394
Photo. by C. F. Yates.

BRIDAL VEIL BLUFF, COLUMBIA RIVER, OREGON 396
Photo. by E. H. Moorehouse, Portland.

BAND OF KOOTENAI INDIANS, B. C. 398
Photo. by Allan Lean, Nelson.

MAPS _At End_