Chapter I: Page

CAUSE OF COLD AND MILD PERIODS, 9–36

Traces of ancient glaciers in temperate zones, 9;
prevailing winds the main cause of the circulation of
the ocean waters between the tropical and temperate
zones, 10; general direction of prevailing winds, and
how, in connection with continents, they circulate the
surface waters of the sea, 11; high and low sea-levels;
separation of antarctic lands from South America, 12;
Captain Larsen’s discoveries in antarctic regions,
13; how low lands south of Cape Horn were submerged,
13; how the winds move more surface water southward
than northward, 14; Dr. Croll’s views on winds and
ocean currents, 16; under-currents of the ocean, and
how caused, 16; Gulf Stream currents, 17; antarctic
under-currents, 18; why the winds were able to force
more of the ocean waters southward than northward
at the close of the Tertiary age, 19; Mr. Alfred R.
Wallace’s views on Tertiary seas, 20; how the Cape Horn
channel affects the ocean currents, 21; cause of the
increase of cold in southern latitudes, 22; how the
Cape Horn channel is closed during ice age, and its
effect on ocean currents and temperature of southern
latitudes, 24; the melting of glaciers from southern
lands, 27; a salt sea requisite for circulation during
ice age, 28; direction of surface currents in southern
seas, 29; Humboldt current, 30; Agulhas current, 32;
temperature of arctic ice, 34; movement of southern
icebergs, 35; glaciers south of Cape Horn, 36.