Chapter XVI: The Death of Marie Leczinska 269 (8)

D’Argenson, quoted, 44, 105, 106, 218;
his attitude towards Madame de Pompadour, 183;
possesses confidence of Louis XV., 186;
misled as to the feelings of the King towards Madame de
Pompadour, 186;
proposes that meetings of the ministers be held in the Dauphin’s
apartments, 187;
dismissed from service, 188;
his words on women in politics, 194;
a true prophet, 218, 219.

Dauphin, the, 109, 110;
marries, 110, 186, 187;
surrounded by the people, 220;
his delight at visit of his sister Elisabeth, 248;
his character, 258;
marries Marie Josèphe of Saxony, 261–263;
falls ill, 265;
his last hours and death, 266, 267.

Dauphiness, the, 220;
see Marie Josèphe.

Deffand, Madame du, 36, 37;
her sketch of Marie Leczinska, 237, 238.

Desmarets, Père, 181, 186.

_Devin du Village, Le_, performed at Bellevue, 146.

Diderot, his words concerning Madame de Pompadour, 232.

Duclos, quoted, 215.

Economists, the, 218.

Elisabeth, Madame, daughter of the Dauphiness, 265.

Elisabeth, Madame, the Infanta, marries, 247;
goes to Spain, 247;
visits her parents at Versailles, 247, 248;
her grief at her sister Henriette’s death, 252, 253;
spends a year at Versailles, 253;
did not esteem her husband, 253;
her ambitions, 253;
her final return to France and death, 253, 254;
accused by Michelet of causing the Seven Years’ War, 253, 254;
a selection from one of her last letters, 254.

Elisabeth of Russia, death of, 211.

Encyclopedia, the, 216, 271.

Encyclopedists, the, 217, 218.

_Enfant prodigue, L’_, performed at Versailles, 139, 154.

_Erigone_, performed at Versailles, 139.

Étioles, Madame d’, Marquise de Pompadour, see Pompadour,
Marquise de.

Étioles, M. Lenormand d’, 118, 120, 121, 175;
not anxious to take back his wife, 176.

Europe, condition of, after treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 202, 203.

Favart, verses by, 228.

Félicité, Pauline, Mademoiselle de Nesle comes to Versailles, 54;
becomes mistress of Louis XV., 54;
marries Count de Vintimille, 56;
see Vintimille, Countess de.

Fitz-James, Bishop, forbids Louis XV. absolution while Madame de
Châteauroux remains with him, 79;
administers extreme unction to the King, 80;
his detractors, 80.

Fleury, Bishop of Fréjus, 30;
his origin and advancement, 32;
preceptor of Louis XV., 32;
his influence over Louis XV., 32;
Madame de Prie’s plot to get rid of, 33;
departs from the court, 34;
is recalled by Louis XV., 34;
his death, 68, 246.

Fontanelle, his verses to Marie Leczinska, 239, 240.

Frederick the Great, 205, 214, 222.

Fréjus, Bishop of, see Fleury.

Gresset, 139.

Helvetius, quoted, 215.

Hénault, President, his words concerning Marquise de Pompadour,
118;
offers manuscript of his _Abrégé chronologique_ to Marie
Leczinska, 238;
his verses to Marie Leczinska, 239.

Henriette, Madame, 247, 248;
of her by Honoré Bonhomme, 249;
her death, 248, 249;
her sad love affair, 250, 251;
her death, 252.

Hermitage, the, 151.

Infanta, Madame, see Elisabeth, Madame.

_Ismène_ performed at Versailles, 139.

Issart, Marquis des, 261.

Jansenism, 194, 195.

Jesuits, 173–175, 189–192;
the order condemned, 221, 222.

La Tour, his pastel of Madame de Pompadour, 216;
his pastel Marie Leczinska, 236.

Leczinska, Marie, see Marie Leczinska.

Leczinska, Stanislas, his life of exile, 23;
his death, 266.

Louis XV., women of court of, 1 _et seq._;
daughters of, 2, 112, 113, 245 _et seq._;
his character and career reviewed, 4–10;
his mistresses, 6, 7;
his melancholy, 8, 158;
his death, 10;
beginning of his reign, 14;
affianced to Infanta Marie Anne Victoire, 14, 15;
established at Versailles, 15;
coronation of, 15;
his health delicate, 18;
his marriage to Infanta Marie Anne Victoire broken off, 20, 21;
his beauty, 25;
marries Marie Leczinska, 26;
meets Marie Leczinska, 27;
his early married life exemplary, 30, 39, 40;
his affection for Fleury, Bishop of Fréjus, 32;
recalls Fleury, 34;
expels Duke of Bourbon, 34, 35;
his growing indifference towards Marie Leczinska, 42;
influences about him, 43–45;
makes a favorite of Madame de Mailly, 47, 48;
changes his apartments, 48;
his trifling life, 49, 52;
becomes tired of Madame de Mailly, 53, 59;
makes a favorite of Pauline Félicité, 54;
his remorse, 54, 55;
his dismay at death of Countess de Vintimille, 58;
makes a favorite of Madame de la Tournelle, 62 _et seq._;
his severity towards Madame de Mailly, 61;
dismisses Madame de Mailly from court, 65;
his economy, 69;
makes Madame de la Tournelle Duchess of Châteauroux, 69, 70;
isolates himself at court, 71;
hesitates to join his troops, 72–74;
at the head of his troops, 74;
misses Madame de Châteauroux, 76;
receives Madame de Châteauroux at Lille, 77;
goes to Metz, 78;
falls ill, 79;
is compelled to dismiss Madame de Châteauroux, 79;
receives extreme unction, 80;
grief of France at illness of, 81;
his reconciliation with the Queen, 81;
repentant only when sick, 83, 180, 181;
returns to Paris, 88;
visits Madame de Châteauroux, 88, 89;
his neglect of Madame de Châteauroux during her last illness, 90;
his emotions transitory, 92;
his personal attractions, 97;
his religious feelings, 98;
his ennui, 92, 99, 100, 133;
his monarchical faith, 101;
how he differs from Louis XIV., 101, 102;
among his troops, 102;
not as indolent as accused of being, 103;
his sensuality, 103, 104;
his distrust and timidity, 104;
his dissimulation, 105, 205;
his indecision, 105;
D’Argenson’s portrait of, 105, 106;
neglects the Queen, 107;
receives Marie Thérèse Antoinette Raphaelle at Étampes, 110;
his meeting with Madame d’Étioles at the Hôtel de Ville ball,
120;
installs Madame d’Étioles at Versailles, 121;
joins the army, 122;
confers title of Marquise de Pompadour on Madame d’Étioles, 124;
returns to Versailles, 125;
relinquishes his military activity, 129, 130;
his policy in the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, 130;
yields up the fruit of his conquests, 130, 131;
Voltaire’s lines to, 131;
change of public feeling toward, 132;
his interest in the theatre of Madame de Pompadour, 138;
becomes bored by dramatic spectacles, 145;
transfers performances from Versailles to château of Bellevue,
145, 146;
his conscience uneasy, 158;
equestrian statue of, 159, 160;
public attacks on, 165, 166;
his Jubilee, 169, 171, 172;
his religious tendencies, 166, 173;
retains Madame de Pompadour only through compassion, 174;
wounded by Damiens, 180–182;
public sympathy for, 182;
receives Madame de Pompadour graciously, 187;
his attitude towards Jansenism, 196;
his spirit of compromise, 197;
summons Christopher de Beaumont to the archbishopric of Paris,
196;
sends de Beaumont to Conflans, 197;
recalls de Beaumont, 199;
his enmity to Parliament, 198, 200;
his indecision, 203, 204;
his attitude toward Austria, 205;
accepts resignation of Abbé Bernis, 210, 211;
gives up cities possessed in Germany, 212;
his words concerning famous men of letters of France, 214;
revokes the privileges of editors of the Encyclopedia, 216, 217;
anonymous letter to, 217, 218;
called a Herod by the people, 219, 220;
his words at the funeral of Madame de Pompadour, 231;
fond of the society of his daughters, 255, 256;
selects a second wife for the Dauphin, 258;
at the death-bed of his wife, 273.

Louis XIV., 13, 101;
his attitude towards Jansenism, 195.

Louis XVI., 265.

Louis XVIII., 265.

Louise, Madame, 247, 255.

Luynes, Duchess de, 127, 128;
Marie Leczinska’s letters to, 241, 242;
Marie Leczinska’s friendship for, 241, 242.

Luynes, Duke de, his gift to Marie Leczinska, 241, 242.

Machault, M. de, his attitude towards Madame de Pompadour, 183;
his interview with Madame de Pompadour, 184, 185.

Mailly, Countess de, 1, 46;
her birth and marriage, 47;
description of, by Le Roy, 47;
becomes mistress of Louis XV., 47, 48;
loses affection of the King, 53;
introduces her sister, Pauline Félicité, to the King, 54;
her grief at death of her sister, 58;
dismissed from court, 60 _et seq._;
pitied by every one, 64;
pensioned by the King, 67;
her last years, 93;
her last days and death, 170–172.

_Mariage fait et rompu, Le_, performed at Versailles, 139.

Maria Theresa, 204;
her display of admiration for Louis XV., 205.

Marie Anne Victoire, Infanta, affianced to Louis XIV., 14, 15;
sent back to Spain on account of her youth, 18, 20, 21;
marries Joseph Emanuel, 21.

Marie Antoinette, 2.

Marie Josèphe of Saxony, the Dauphiness, 259;
the marriage of, with the Dauphin, 259 _et seq._;
the Duke de Richelieu’s words concerning, 261;
leaves Dresden for Versailles, 261;
Marshal Saxe’s words concerning, 261, 262;
marries the Dauphin, 261–263;
burdened by court etiquette, 263, 264;
makes herself beloved, 264;
her children, 264, 265;
a perfect wife and mother, 265;
her words at the death of the Dauphin, 267;
her death, 268;
her life a symbol, 271.

Marie Leczinska, 2;
her birth, 23;
her character, 23–25, 272, 273;
Duke of Bourbon’s words concerning, 25;
suddenly called to the throne of France, 24, 25;
her marriage to Louis XV., 26;
her letter to her father concerning her reception by the French
people, 26, 27;
meets Louis XV., 27;
her gifts to the ladies of the court, 27;
pleases every one, 28;
goes to Versailles, 29;
her early married life happy, 30;
jealous of influence of Fleury over Louis XV., 32;
her worthy life, 40;
gives birth to twins, 40;
her pious excursion to Paris, 40, 41;
her children, 41, 245 _et seq._;
her behavior towards Louis XV., 41, 42;
her suffering on account of the favor of Madame de Mailly with
the King, 48;
her sympathy for Madame de Mailly, 64;
visits the King ill at Metz, 81–83;
her disappointment regarding the King’s feelings towards her, 83;
her feelings at the death of Madame de Châteauroux, 91;
D’Argenson’s words concerning, 106;
her tenth child, 106;
neglected by the King, 107;
her daily life, 107, 108;
her peace of heart, 109;
called the “Good Queen,” 109;
her reception of Madame de Pompadour, 126;
her feelings towards Madame de Pompadour, 128;
refuses to permit Madame de Pompadour to take part in religious
service, 169;
her words concerning Madame de Pompadour after the latter’s
death, 231;
compared with Madame de Pompadour, 233–235, 276;
her character, 233 _et seq._;
portrait of, by La Tour, 236;
Nattier’s portrait of, 237;
sketch of, by Madame du Deffand, 237, 238;
her circle of friends, 238;
her words to President Hénault, 239;
President Hénault’s verses to, 239;
Fontanelle’s verses to, 239, 240;
her letters to the Duchess de Luynes, 241, 242;
her friendship for the Duchess de Luynes, 241, 242;
her solid information, 243;
a tender mother, 245, 255;
the daughters of, 245 _et seq._;
her resignation in grief at loss of two of her daughters, 255;
her relations to her children, 255, 256;
her apartments, 256, 257;
her liking for Marie Josèphe, the Dauphiness, 264;
loses her son and father, 266, 267;
crushed by sorrow, 268;
goes to the Carmelite convent of Compiègne, 270;
Madame de Campan’s words concerning, 270;
universally beloved, 272;
falls ill, 273;
her last moments and death, 273–275;
her funeral, 276;
the last Queen who ended her days on the throne of France, 276.

Marie Thérèse Antoinette Raphaelle, her marriage to the Dauphin,
110;
her amiability, 111;
her death, 129, 130, 258.

Massillon, 275.

Maurepas, 89, 90, 162.

Memoirs of court of Louis XV., 3.

_Mère coquette_, performed at Versailles, 142.

Michelet, his words concerning Madame de Prie, 36;
his effort to cast ridicule on the daughters of Louis XV., 245;
accuses Madame Elisabeth of being the cause of the Seven Years’
War, 253, 254.

Montpensier, Mademoiselle, her birth and marriage, 19;
becomes Queen of Spain, 19;
sent back to France, 20;
her later life, 21.

Motte, Mademoiselle de la, 117.

Nattier, his portrait of Marie Leczinska, 237.

Nesle, Mademoiselle de, see Félicité, Pauline.

Nuptial ceremony of putting to bed, described, 262, 263.

Orleans, Duke of, 16;
sketch of his career, 113, 114.

Palissot, verses by, 228.

Parliament, Madame de Pompadour’s conduct towards, 194;
Louis XV.’s attitude towards, 196–198, 200;
one hundred and fifty members of, resign, 198;
members of, pose as protectors of liberty, 200.

Pérusseau, 79.

Philip, Don, son of Philip V. of Spain, marries Madame Elisabeth,
247;
obtains sovereignty of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastella, 247;
not esteemed by his wife, 253.

Philip V. of Spain, 18, 19.

Poisson, Abel, 148, 149, 160.

Poisson, François, 117.

Poisson, Jeanne Antoine, afterwards Marquise de Pompadour, 117;
see Pompadour, Madame de.

Pompadour, Marquise de, 1, 6;
her character, 116, 117;
her birth and early life, 117;
her accomplishments, 117;
her marriage, 118;
President Hénault’s words concerning, 118;
plans to capture the fancy of Louis XV., 119;
appears as Diana at the Hôtel de Ville ball, 119, 120;
her children, 120;
makes her way into Versailles, 120, 121;
concealed by Louis XV., 121;
withdraws to her chateau at Étioles, 122;
receives title of Marquise, 124;
her presentation, 125;
treatment of her by the court, 127;
her attitude toward the Queen, 127–129;
her theatre of the little Cabinets, 132 _et seq._;
her fear of losing the interest of the King, 133;
her successes as an actress, 132, 134, 139, 140, 142, 145;
wants to play comedy at Versailles, 135;
draws up regulations for players at her theatre, 137, 138;
plays and sings, 139;
in the ballet of _Almases_, 140;
her last performance, 146;
Rousseau’s letter to, 146;
her power, pomp, and opulence, 147 _et seq._;
her sepulchre, 149;
her beauty, 149, 150;
what she cost France, 150;
her dwellings and apartments, 150–152;
verses to, by Voltaire, 122–124, 145, 152–154;
her griefs and sadness, 156 _et seq._;
threatened with death, 157;
insulted by Madame de Coaslin, 157;
her lack of confidence in the King, 156, 158;
like Scheherezade, 158;
her desire to marry her daughter Alexandrine, 160–162;
death of her daughter Alexandrine, 160;
verses at death of her mother, 160;
Sainte-Beuve’s words concerning, 161;
Paris implacable towards, 162;
verses abusing her, 163–166;
suffers under public abuse, 167;
ready to do anything to hold her place, 168;
makes a show of devotion, 168–170, 173;
has a statue made of herself, 170;
is attacked by fever, 170;
her feeling of insecurity, 170, 171;
endeavors to obtain absolution from the Jesuits, 173, 174;
refused absolution by Père de Sarcy, 174, 175;
solicits a place as lady of the Queen’s palace, 175;
declares her willingness to be reconciled to her husband, 175,
176;
receives communion, 177;
becomes a lady of the palace, 177, 178;
her conduct when Louis XV. was wounded by Damiens, 182, 183;
attitude of the three principal ministers towards, 183;
interview of M. de Machault with, 184, 185;
meets the King and resumes her domination, 186–189;
her grudge against the Jesuits, 189;
her note to the Pope censuring the Jesuits, 189–192;
her methods in politics, 193, 194;
held responsible for the Seven Years’ War, 201;
her interest in porcelains, 202;
her attitude toward the Austrian alliance, 205 _et seq._;
her obstinacy, 209, 211;
the object of public vindictiveness, 213;
her attitude towards Voltaire, 215;
her attitude towards Quesnay, 215;
her attitude towards the philosophers, 214 _et seq._, 221;
La Tour’s pastel of, 216;
anonymous letters to, 217, 218;
reviled by the people, 220;
effects the expulsion of the Jesuits, 221, 222;
eulogized by Voltaire, 223;
foresees the crumbling of the government, 224;
aged prematurely, 226, 227;
her courage in suffering, 227;
falls ill at Choisy, 227;
feels the coming of death, 229;
fears the King more than God, 229;
her death-bed, 229, 230;
her will, 230;
her death, 230, 231;
funeral service of, 231;
regretted by the men of letters, 232, 233;
compared with Marie Leczinska, 233–235, 276.

Porcelains, Madame de Pompadour’s interest in, 202.

_Précis du siècle de Louis XV._, Voltaire’s, 154.

_Préjugé à la mode, Le_, performed at Versailles, 139.

Prie, Marquise de, mistress of the Duke of Bourbon, 16;
influence of, at court, 16, 18;
her life, 17;
pleased at marriage of Louis XV. to Marie Leczinska, 31;
plots to get rid of Fleury, Bishop of Fréjus, 33;
expelled from court by Louis XV., 35;
the bitterness of her last years, 36, 37;
her death, 38;
rumored to have poisoned herself, 38.

Provence, Count of, 265.

Quesnay, 183, 185;
the confidant of Madame de Pompadour, 215;
his character, 216.

Revolution, the, prophecies of, 218, 219, 224.

Richelieu, Duke de, description of, by D’Argenson, 61;
his plan at court, 62;
made first gentleman of the chamber, 71;
his exasperation at the favor of Madame de Pompadour with the
King, 127;
quarrel of, with Duke de la Vallière, 142–144;
his treatment of Madame de Pompadour, 143, 261;
his words concerning Marie Josèphe of Saxony, 259.

Rohan, Cardinal, 26.

Rousseau, his letter to Madame de Pompadour, 146.

Sainte-Beuve, his words concerning Madame de Pompadour, 161;
his description of La Tour’s pastel of Marie Leczinska, 236.

Saint Monica, 269.

Sarcy, Père de, refuses Madame de Pompadour absolution, 174, 175,
190.

Saxe, Marshal, negotiates the marriage of Marie Josèphe of Saxony
with the Dauphin, 258–261;
his words concerning Marie Josèphe, 261, 262;
his description of the ceremonial of putting to bed, 262, 263.

“School of Man, The,” a pamphlet attacking Louis XV., 165, 166.

Seven Years’ War, the, Madame de Pompadour held responsible for,
201;
the results of, 212.

Sophie, Madame, 247, 255.

Soubise, 209.

_Surprises de l’amour, Les_, performed at Versailles, 142.

_Tancred_, performed at Versailles, 142.

_Tartuffe_, performed at Versailles, 139.

Theatre of the little Cabinets, at Versailles, 136, 137 _et seq._;
regulations for players at, 137, 138;
dramatic performances at, 139, 140;
collection of comedies performed at, 141.

_Thétis et Pélée_, performance of, 170.

Toulouse, Countess de, her apartment at Versailles, 49;
accused of aiding the intimacy of Louis XV. and Madame de Mailly,
50.

Tournehem, M. Lenormand de, 117.

Tournelle, Madame de la, her birth and marriage, 60;
appointed lady of the palace, 60;
becomes a favorite of the King, 62;
determines to have Madame de Mailly dismissed from court, 62, 63;
her triumph, 65–67;
inferior to Madame de Montespan, 68;
becomes Duchess of Châteauroux, 69–71;
see Châteauroux, Duchess of.

Tournelle, Marquis de la, 60.

_Trois Cousines, Les_, performed at Versailles, 139.

_Unigenitus_, the bull, 195, 196, 200.

Vallière, Duke de la, quarrel of, with Duke de Richelieu, 142–144.

Vanloo, 232.

Versailles, deserted after death of Louis XIV., 13;
festivities at, 111, 112;
theatre constructed for Madame de Pompadour at, 136;
Madame de Pompadour’s apartments at, 150, 151;
the treaty of, 204, 206;
an Austrian party at, 205.

Victoire, Madame, 247, 255.

Vintimille, Countess de, gives birth to a boy, 57;
her death, 57, 58;
see Félicité, Pauline.

Vitzthum, Count, 259.

Voltaire, his words concerning Marie Leczinska, 27, 28;
his _Henri IV._, 28, 29;
obtains a pension, 29;
with Madame d’Étioles at her château, 122;
his lines to Madame d’Étioles, 122–124;
his lines to Louis XV., 131;
his lines to Madame de Pompadour at her toilet, 145;
his flattery of Madame de Pompadour, 152–155, 215;
his _Enfant prodigue_ produced at Versailles, 139, 154;
turns against Madame de Pompadour, 166, 167, 208;
quoted, 211;
his words concerning Seven Years’ War, 212, 213;
eulogizes Madame de Pompadour, 223;
his pleasure in foreseeing the French Revolution, 224;
his words concerning Madame de Pompadour after the latter’s
death, 232.

Women of court of Louis XV., 1 _et seq._

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The romantic and eventful period beginning with Josephine’s marriage, comprises the astonishing Italian campaign, the Egyptian expedition, the _coup d’état_ of Brumaire, and is described in the first of the above volumes; while the second treats of the brilliant society which issued from the chaos of the Revolution, and over which Madame Bonaparte presided so charmingly; and the third, of the events between the assumption of the imperial title by Napoleon and the end of 1807, including, of course, the Austerlitz campaign.

_FOUR VOLUMES ON THE EMPRESS MARIE LOUISE._

_Each with Portrait, $1.25. Price per set, in box, cloth, $5.00; half
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THE HAPPY DAYS OF MARIE LOUISE.
MARIE LOUISE AND THE DECADENCE OF THE EMPIRE.
MARIE LOUISE AND THE INVASION OF 1814.
MARIE LOUISE, THE RETURN FROM ELBA, AND THE HUNDRED DAYS.

The auspicious marriage of the Archduchess Marie Louise to the master of Europe; the Russian invasion, with its disastrous conclusion a few years later; the Dresden and Leipsic campaign; the invasion of France by the Allies, and the marvellous military strategy of Napoleon in 1814, ending only with his defeat and exile to Elba; his life in his little principality; his romantic escape and dramatic return to France; the preparations of the Hundred Days; Waterloo and the definitive restoration of Louis XVIII. closing the era begun in 1789, with “The End of the Old Régime,”--are the subjects of the four volumes grouped around the personality of Marie Louise.

_TWO VOLUMES ON THE DUCHESS OF ANGOULÊME._

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THE YOUTH OF THE DUCHESS OF ANGOULÊME.
THE DUCHESS OF ANGOULÊME AND THE TWO RESTORATIONS.

The period covered in this first of these volumes begins with the life of the daughter of Louis XVI. and Marie Antoinette imprisoned in the Temple after the execution of her parents, and ends with the accession of Louis XVIII. after the abdication of Napoleon at Fontainebleau. The first Restoration, its illusions, the characters of Louis XVIII., of his brother, afterwards Charles X., of the Dukes of Angoulême and Berry, sons of the latter, the life of the Court, the feeling of the city, Napoleon’s sudden return from Elba, the Hundred Days from the Royalist side, the second Restoration, and the vengeance taken by the new government on the Imperialists, form the subject-matter of the second volume.

_THREE VOLUMES ON THE DUCHESS OF BERRY._

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THE DUCHESS OF BERRY AND THE COURT OF LOUIS XVIII.
THE DUCHESS OF BERRY AND THE COURT OF CHARLES X.
THE DUCHESS OF BERRY AND THE REVOLUTION OF JULY, 1830.

The Princess Marie Caroline, of Naples, became, upon her marriage with the Duke of Berry, the central figure of the French Court during the reigns of both Louis XVIII. and Charles X. The former of these was rendered eventful by the assassination of her husband and the birth of her son, the Count of Chambord, and the latter was from the first marked by those reactionary tendencies which resulted in the dethronement and exile of the Bourbons. The dramatic Revolution which brought about the July monarchy of Louis Philippe, has never been more vividly and intelligently described than in the last volume devoted to the Duchess of Berry.

“_In these translations of this interesting series of
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FOOTNOTES:

[1] Lacordaire, 2d Toulouse Conference.

[2]

No, Louis was less harsh than he appeared;
His death has justified him,
Since he, as well as the Messiah,
Has died for our salvation.

[3] Room No. 124 of the _Notice du Musée de Versailles_, by M. Eudore Soulié.

[4] Room No. 115 of the _Notice du Musée de Versailles_.

[5] See the interesting work by M. Édouard de Barthélemy, _Les filles du Regent_, 2 vols., Firmin Didot.

[6] _La Reine Leczinska_, by Madame the Countess d’Armaillé, born De Ségur, 1 vol., Dentu.

[7] Letter to M. Thiriot, October 17, 1725.

[8] _Receveur des décimes_--the tithe formerly paid by the clergy to the kings of France.

[9] Memoirs of Duclos.

[10] The Duke was blind in one eye.

[11] The chamber of Louis XV. and the cabinets are now used as the apartment of the President of the National Assembly.

[12] Massillon, Sermon on _l’Evidence de la loi_.

[13] Memoirs of the Duke de Luynes.

[14] _Les Maitresses de Louis XV._, par Edmond et Jules de Goncourt. 2 vols. Firmin-Didot.

[15] Correspondence of Louis XV. and the Marshal de Noailles, published by M. Camille Rousset. 2 vols. Dumont.

[16] _Lettres autographes de la duchesse de Châteauroux. Bibliothèque de Rouen._

[17] Memoirs of the Duke de Luynes.

[18] M. Capefigue, _Madame la Marquise de Pompadour_. 1 vol. Amyot.

[19] M. Boutaric, _Correspondance Secrète de Louis XV._

[20] The dinner took place in the room called the Queen’s Antechamber, No. 117 of the _Notice du Musée_, by M. Eudore Soulié.

[21] Room No. 116 of the _Notice du Musée_.

[22] The gilted screw-rings which served to support this canopy may still be seen in the cornice opposite the windows.

[23] _La reine Marie Leczinska_, by Madame the Countess d’Armaillé, born de Ségur. 1 vol., Didier.

[24] Massillon, _Sermon sur les dégoûts qui accompagnent la piété_.

[25] Born at Versailles, September 4, 1729, died at Fontainebleau, December 20, 1765. He married a Spanish Infanta in 1745, and in 1747 a princess of Saxony, the mother of Louis XVI., Louis XVIII., and of Charles X.

[26] February 25, 1745.

[27]

When Cæsar, that charming hero,
Whom all Rome idolized,
Gained some brilliant combat,
People complimented on it
The divine Cleopatra.

When Louis, that charming hero,
Who is the idol of all Paris,
Gains some brilliant combat,
One must compliment on it
The divine D’Étioles.

[28]

He knows how to love and how to fight;
He sends to this fair abode
A brevet worthy of Henry Fourth,
Signed: Louis, Mars, and Love.
But the enemies have their turn,
And his valor and his prudence
Give to Ghent, the same day,
A brevet as a French city.
These two brevets, so welcome,
Will both survive in memory.
With him the altars of Venus
Are in the temple of Glory.

[29]

All is about to change: the crimes of an inconstant
No longer will be vaunted as exploits.
Modesty alone will obtain our homage,
Constant Love will resume his rights.
The example of it is given by the greatest of kings
And the most discreet of beauties.

[30]

Great King, London groans, Vienna weeps and admires thee. Thine
arm is about to decide the fate of the Empire. Sardinia wavers,
and Munich repents; Batavia, undecided, is a prey to remorse;
And France exclaims amidst her joy: “The best loved of Kings is
also the greatest!”

[31] See the accurate and interesting little work by M. Adolphe Julien: _Histoire du Théâtre de Mme. de Pompadour, dit Théâtre des petits cabinets_, with an etching by Martial after Boucher.

[32]

One traces but on sand
The vague and unstable promises
Of all the nobles of the court;
But on imperishable bronze
The Muses have traced the name of Pompadour
And her invariable promise.

[33] This staircase, which led to the large apartments of the King, was destroyed in 1750. The present staircase in the wing of the palace was constructed on the side of it.

[34]

This perfect American
Has caused too many tears to flow.
Can I not console myself
And see Venus at her toilette?

[35] See the learned and remarkable work of M. Campardon: _Madame de Pompadour et la cour de Louis XV._, 1 vol., Plon.

[36] _Curiosités historiques_, par M. Le Roy, 1 vol., Plon.

[37] See rooms 56, 57, 58, 59 of M. Soulie’s Notice of the Museum of Versailles. No. 57 was the bedroom of the Marquise, No. 58 her study.

[38]

Sincere and tender Pompadour
(For I can give you in advance
This name which rhymeth with amour
And soon will be the finest name in France),
This tokay with which Your Excellence
At Étioles regalèd me,
Beareth it not some resemblance
Unto the King who gave it thee?
It is, like him, without melange,
Joins strength to mildness, pleasant art,
Pleases the eyes, enchants the heart,
Does good and never knoweth change.

[39]

Spirits and hearts and ramparts terrible,
All to his efforts yield, all bend beneath his law,
And Berg-Op-Zoom and you, you are invincible;
You have submitted only to my King.
’Tis to your arms he flies from Victory’s breast,
Finds in your heart the guerdon of his toils.
His glory nothing can augment,
And you augment his happiness.

[40]

So then, you reunite
All arts, all gifts to please;
Pompadour, you embellish
The court, Parnassus, and Cythera.
Charm of all eyes, treasure of one alone,
May your love be eternal!
May all your days be marked by festivals!
May new successes mark the days of Louis!
May you both live devoid of enemies
And both preserve your conquests.

[41]

Grotesque monument, infamous pedestal;
The Virtues are on foot, and vice on horseback.

[42]

Here lies she who, starting from a dungheap,
In order to make her fortune complete,
Sold her honor to the farmer,
And her daughter to the proprietor.

[43]

The noble lords abase themselves,
The financiers enrich themselves,
The Poissons aggrandize themselves;
’Tis the reign of good-for-naughts.
They exhaust the treasury,
They waste in buildings,
The State falls into decadence,
The King sets nothing straight.

A little bourgeoise,
Brought up like a wanton,
Measuring all by her own standard,
Makes a kennel of the court;
Louis, in spite of his scruples,
Burns coldly for her,
And his ridiculous amour
Makes all Paris laugh.

A vapid countenance,
And each tooth spotted,
The skin yellow and freckled,
The eyes frigid and the neck long,
Witless and without character,
The soul vile and mercenary,
The tattle of a gossip,
All is low with la Poisson.

If among chosen beauties
She were one of the prettiest,
One pardons follies
When their object is a gem.
But when a ridiculous creature
And so flat a figure
Excites so many murmurs,
Every one thinks the King a fool.

[44]

Who can hereafter recognize his King
Amid these actors who reign with thee?

[45]

Love has been set upon the throne of France.
Theatric rage assassinates the court.
The palaces of our kings, once worthy of respect,
Lose all their éclat, become contemptible;
None but merry-andrews inhabit them!...

[46]

A leech’s daughter and a leech herself,
Fish of an arrogance extreme,
Parades in this château, without fear or dread,
The people’s substance and the monarch’s shame.

[47] _Clément XIV. et les Jésuites_, by M. Crétineau-Joly.

[48] See the very learned and complete work of M. Jobez: _La France sous Louis XV._ Six vols., Didier.

[49]

What is clearly conceived is clearly expressed,
And the words to say it come easily.

[50] Sainte-Beuve, _Causeries du Lundi_, t. viii.

[51]

Soubise says, lantern in hand,
There’s no use looking, where the devil is my army?
It was here yesterday morning, anyhow,
Has some one taken it or have I lost it?
Ah! I lose everything, I am a rattlepate;
But wait till broad daylight, till noon.
What do I see! O heaven! How my soul is enraptured!
Wondrous prodigy, there it is, there it is!--
Ah! zounds! What is that then?
I was mistaken, ’tis the enemy’s army.

[52] Voltaire, _Siècle de Louis XV._

[53] See the witty and interesting work by M. Arsène Houssaye: _Louis XV._ 1 vol., Dentu.

[54]

The sun is sick,
And so is Pompadour;
’Tis but a transient thing,
For both are cured;
The good God who aids
Our wishes and our love,
For the welfare of the world
Restores to us the day
With Pompadour.

[55]

You are too dear to France,
To the god of arts and loves,
To fear the deadly power of fate.
All the gods watched over your life,
All were animated by the zeal that inspires me;
In flying to your rescue
They have established their empire.

[56] Bossuet. Sermon on Final Impenitence.

[57] Room No. 116 of the _Notice du Musée_, by M. Eudore Soulié.

[58] No. 122 of the _Notice_.

[59]

These lines, traced by a hand divine,
Cannot but cause me trouble and embarrassment.
’Twere too much daring should my heart divine them;
’Twere too ungrateful not to guess them.

[60]

One should not be old except in Sparta,
Say the ancient writings.
Great God! how far I am out of the way,
Who am so old in Paris.
O Sparta! O Sparta! alas! what has become of you?
You knew the full value of a hoary head.

The more one muffled up in dog-days,
The more the ear was deaf and dim the eye,
The more nonsense one talked in his sad family,
The more one criticised the veriest trifle,
The more gout and similar titbits one possessed,
The more teeth one had lost by their good will,
The more one stooped over his heavy crutch,
The more fit, in fact, one was to be buried,
The more within its ramparts one was honored.

O Sparta! O Sparta! alas! what has become of you?
Yon knew the full value of a hoary head.

[61]

Accumulated years have pushed me to extremity.
I cannot longer, alas! find Sparta everywhere,
But you, the model of queens,
Assuredly should find Athens everywhere.

[62] _Mesdames de France, filles de Louis XV._, by Édouard de Barthélemy. Didier.

[63] _Louis XV. et sa famille_, after unpublished letters and documents, by Honoré Bonhomme. 1 Vol., Dentu.

[64] No. 122 of _Notice du Musée de Versailles_, by M. Eudore Soulié.

Transcriber’s Notes:

1. Obvious printers’, punctuation and spelling errors have been corrected silently.

2. Where hyphenation is in doubt, it has been retained as in the original.

3. Some hyphenated and non-hyphenated versions of the same words have been retained as in the original.

4. Italics are shown as _xxx_.

5. Bold script is shown as =xxx=.