Chapter XIII: The Eighth Crusade

1245 Council of Lyons 202

1226 Louis IX., king of France 203

Louis IX., the pope, and the emperor 205

1245 Assumption of the cross by Louis IX. 207

1248 Departure of Louis from France 208

1249 Capture of Damietta 209

March of the army towards Cairo 209

Total defeat of the forces under the count of Artois 210

1250 The king taken prisoner 211

Firmness of the king 211

Terms of ransom 211

Murder of Turan Shah 212

Release of Louis IX. 212

Pilgrimage of Louis to Nazareth 212

CHAPTER XIV.

THE NINTH CRUSADE.

Comparison of the earlier and later crusades 213

1259 Battle between the Templars and Hospitallers 214

1263 Invasion of Palestine by the Mameluke sultan Bibars 214

Loss of Antioch 214

1270 Second crusade of Louis IX. 215

Death of the king 216

1271 Capture of Nazareth by Edward, son of Henry III. of
England 216

1272 Return of Edward to Europe 217

Vain efforts of Gregory X. to stir up a crusade 217

Claims to the titular kingdom of Jerusalem 217

1291 Loss of Acre 218

CHAPTER XV.

THE SEQUEL OF THE RELIGIOUS WARS.

Gradual decay and extinction of the crusading spirit 219

Persecution and suppression of the Knights Templars 220

The Albigensian crusades 221

1212 The Children’s crusades 222

Indirect results of the crusades 224

_MAP._

GENERAL MAP FOR THE HISTORY OF THE CRUSADES _To face title-page._

THE CRUSADES.