Chapter XXVIII: The Child Vagrant

Passion for Roving Among Children--A Rover Reformed--Sent to the West, and Wanders over the Woods and Mountains--The Habits of Little Street-Vagrants--Unaccountable Preference for Particular Lodging-houses--Greatest Number in the Spring--Different Class of Boys in each House--Mystery of what Becomes of a Great Number of Them--Down-town Boys Sharper than the Up-town--Influence of Theatres upon them--The Salvation of New York its Climate--A Corrective--A License should be Required of each Street-trader--A License to be Accompanied by a School Certificate--Such a Law could be Executed--Success of similar Boston Laws--School-training Preventing Vagrancy and Pauperism--Truant-schools not Needed--Compulsory Education--Half-time Schools--Such a Law not Needed Formerly, Now Required Everywhere--Statistics of Illiteracy--The Ignorant Form the Dangerous Classes in this City--The Power of Prussia in the Compulsory Law--An Approach to in the Legislation in the Different States on Factory children............................................pp. 339-352

CHAPTER XXIX.

FACTORY-CHILDREN AND THE NEW LAW PROPOSED.

Experience in the Night-schools--Great Numbers of Young Children Employed in Factories--Their Eagerness to Learn--Experience of England--Statistics of Children Employed in Factories in New York--Facts and Incidents--Mr. Mundella's Views of the Evils in this Country--Massachusetts Legislation--Effects of the Law--Half-time Schools--"Double Gangs"--Rhode Island Legislation--Connecticut Legislation--Description of the Act--Defects of the Law--Hearty Co-operation of the Manufacturers--The New York Law Proposed, Drawn up by Mr. C. E. Whitehead, Secures Education for all Children Employed, and Protects them from Dangers..................................pp. 353-365

CHAPTER XXX.

ORGANIZATION OF CHARITIES.

Enthusiasm of Humanity--Necessity of Machinery--Danger of Routine--Importance of Interested Motives--Duties of Trustees--Compensation--Charity should not be Too Much of a Business--Importance of other Pursuits for an Agent of a Charity--Best Constitution of a Board of Trustees--Importance of their Personal Share in the Work--Rigid Inspection Necessary--Duties of the Executive Officers....................................................pp. 366-376

CHAPTER XXXI.

STATE AID TO CHARITIES.

Discussion How Far the State should Aid in Charities--Dangers of State Endowments--Weakness of Individual Charities--Danger of Machinery Taking Place of Work--The Natural Family Better than the Asylum Machinery--The Needless Multiplication of Charities--Bad Effects on the Poor and on the Public--A Trade in Alms--Necessity of a Bureau--Should be Directed by the State Board of Charities................................pp. 377-387