Chapter XI: Mohammed Becomes Intolerant.--War

"Our virtues disappear when put in competition with our
interests, as rivers lose themselves in the ocean."--_La
Rochefoucauld._

Thirteen years had now passed since Mohammed first began to meditate in the Cave of Hira. During all that time he had preached peace, love and gentleness. With power, however, came a change in his opinions. He became not only pastor of his flock, and judge of the people, but also commander of an army. Worldly ambition took possession of his breast, and the voice of him who had cried, "Follow the religion of Abraham, who was orthodox and was no idolater. Invite men unto the way of the Lord by wisdom and mild exhortation.... Bear opposition with patience, but thy patience shall not be practicable unless with God's assistance. And be not thou grieved on account of the unbelievers. Let there be no violence in religion,"--now began to call, "War is enjoined you against the infidels. Fight therefore against the friends of Satan, for the stratagem of Satan is weak. And when the months wherein ye shall not be allowed to attack them be past, kill the idolaters wherever ye shall find them, and besiege them, and lay wait for them in every convenient place. Verily God hath purchased of the true believers their souls and their substance, promising them the enjoyment of Paradise on condition that they fight for the cause of God. Whether they slay or be slain, the promise for the same is assuredly due by the law, and the Gospel, and the Koran."

Clemency, he claimed, had been the instrument of Moses; wisdom, that of Solomon; righteousness, that of Christ; and now the sword was to be the instrument of Mohammed.

"The sword," he exclaimed, with flashing eye, "is the key of heaven and hell. All who draw it in the cause of the faith will be rewarded with temporal advantages; every drop shed of their blood, every peril endured by them, will be registered on high as more meritorious than fasting or prayer. If they fall in battle, their sins will at once be blotted out, and they will be transported to paradise!"

This fierce, intolerant spirit took possession of Mohammed almost from his entrance into Medina. Chapter after chapter of the Koran was produced, breathing the same blood-thirsty, implacable hatred of opposition. Mohammed, in fact, seemed like one possessed in his enthusiasm, but his doctrines caught the fancy of the wild, impressionable Arabs, who flocked to him in crowds as his fame spread throughout the length and breadth of El Hejaz, throughout the Nejd, and even to the extremities of Arabia-Felix.

And now the bloody cloud of war hovered over the peninsula, and the people trembled.

The following letter from Amzi will describe the outbreak.

=A=[9]

From Amzi the Meccan, at Medina,
To Yusuf the priest, Mecca.

My Dear Yusuf:--

I can scarcely describe the emotions with which I write you again
after a six months' interval. Affairs here in Medina have taken such
an unlooked-for turn that I scarcely know what to think or what to
do.

Of Mohammed's wonderful progress, you have, of course, heard. You
should see him now, my dear Yusuf,--Mohammed, the peaceful trader,
the devout hermit, now little less than monarch, with all the sway
assumed by the most powerful despot; and yet those over whom he
wields his despotism are but too willing servants, ready to say as
he says, and to give their dearest heart's blood in his cause.

Indeed I know not what the outcome of it all will be. What
astonishes me most is that Mohammed has suddenly assumed an
aggressive attitude. Fire and the sword seem to be the watchword of
him whom we knew as the gentle husband of Cadijah, the mild preacher
who bowed his head and reviled not even when assailed with mud and
filth in the Caaba.

Needless to say, Yusuf, I am disappointed in him. You will be only
too glad to hear that. I hear that you have been exhorting the
people in Mecca to pay no heed to him; that you have been seeking to
promulgate your Hebrew faith, or rather the faith of your Hebrew
friend, of whose innocence and release I was glad to hear.

My brother, I pride in your courage, and in the strength of your
principles; yet, Yusuf, I beseech of you, be careful what you do or
say, lest you draw down upon your head a storm of fury which you
little expect. You have no idea of the revolution of feeling here in
Mohammed's favor, and of the fanatic zeal of many of his followers.
Be not too bold. You cannot cope single-handed with such an
overwhelming tide.

The past month, as you know, was the holy month Radjab, in which, as
in the month of Ramadhan, throughout all El Hejaz, life should be
held sacred, and no act of violence committed. Can you believe it
when I tell you that the prophet's men have attacked more than one
caravan of quiet traders and pilgrims upon their way to or from
Mecca? Such a sacrilege seems unpardonable in Arab eyes, but,
forsooth, the prophet has been favored with another revelation
justifying him in what he has done.

This, more than aught else, makes me wonder. You, Yusuf, know what a
lover of peace I have been; how it has ever grieved me to see even a
butterfly fluttering along the ground with a crushed wing. Judge,
then, of my horror, when I went out to the scene of the pillage and
saw men lying, some dead, with ghastly faces glaring up at the hot
sun, others with gaping wounds, and others moaning pitifully on the
road-way, with sand on their faces and in their hair. Yusuf, it made
me sick to see it. Had they been slain in fair battle I could have
borne it better. Yet I was enabled to give the poor wounded
creatures some water, all warm as it was from being carried so long
a distance; and some of them I had conveyed to my house, so that
every bed-chamber has been turned into a sick-room, and your friend
Amzi has been suddenly metamorphosed into a sick-nurse. Does that
astonish you?

Yet, Yusuf, though I get little sleep any night, and have to be on
my feet much during the day, I can assure you that I was never so
happy in my life before. The constant occupation, and the sense of
being able to render the poor creatures a little ease, is just what
I need at present to keep me from growing moody.

The other day I saw some one who knows of you--Uzza, the Oman Arab.
How or why he has come here I know not; but he is one of Mohammed's
most devoted followers. For your sake, I hope you may not meet him
in Medina.

I knew him, years ago, at Oman, and had letters from him for a time
after he went to Persia. Perhaps that will read you the riddle as to
how I knew so much of your past history, my priest. Recognizing your
name, and noting your priestly bearing, it was an easy matter to
connect you with the Guebre Yusuf, of whom I had heard.

I am convinced that you are looking after my Meccan affairs as
closely as possible, yet remember that Amzi has a house in Medina,
too, which has ever a door open for you.

Dumah sends his love. The poor lad is greatly excited over the
stirring events which are the talk of the town here.

Commend me to your friend Nathan and his family. Trusting to see or
to hear from you soon,

And the peace,
Amzi.

To this letter Yusuf returned the following answer:

Yusuf, at Mecca,
To Amzi the Benevolent, Medina.

My Heart's Brother:--

Your most welcome letter lies before me, and it is quite unnecessary
to say with what mingled feelings of pleasure and pain I read
it,--pleasure, because, whether you will it or not, your confidence
in this false prophet is tottering; pain, because of the marvelous
power which this Mohammed seems to be wielding over your excitable
Arab populace. Strange, indeed, is his new attitude; we had not
deemed him possessed of a martial spirit; yet may we hope that this
procedure will be but as the stone which shall crush his ends,
falling upon his own head.

It is possible that I may be in Medina ere long. I am impatient to
see you and our poor Dumah again.

And so Uzza is there, too, to bring up afresh the darkest page of
my history; for Amzi, it was I, in my fanatic zeal, who induced the
Persian grandmother to give up his child for sacrifice. Scarcely was
it over when, even in my heathen darkness, my whole soul revolted
against what I had done, and against the faith which had sanctioned
such deeds of blood. It was then that I began to think and strive
against the mists of darkness, until at last I fought away from the
creed of my country.

I fear not to meet Uzza, although I know that he bears me no
good-will, and would not refrain from the assassin's knife did it
satisfy his wish for blood-revenge.

Our friend, Nathan, and his family are well. Did I tell you that
they have gone to live near Tayf?

I spent a pleasant day with them not long ago. They have a little
cabin in the mountains, and Nathan has a few flocks which he herds
out on the green hill-sides. They are all so happy, and so contented
with their pastoral mode of living that they think of moving back
into Palestina, as the pasturage is better there. It will be a long
journey, but, with the consciousness of the Father's care over them,
and the bond of love to shorten the way, they will not mind it.
Nathan's wife, in particular, is anxious to return to her
childhood's home, and never wearies of telling her children stories
of her girlhood days, when she and her sister, whom she still loves
passionately, watched their sheep on the hills of Hebron.

Mary and Manasseh have grown quite tall. Manasseh is almost a man,
fiery and impetuous as ever, yet wise beyond his years, and a devout
Christian.

Nathan is very happy. After all his trials he has perfect rest. His
face almost beamed when he said to me in the words of the Psalmist,
"Unless the Lord had been my help, my soul had almost dwelt in
silence. When I said, My foot slippeth, thy mercy, O Lord, held me
up. For the Lord is my defence, and my God is the rock of my
refuge."

He is very anxious about the hostile attitude which Mohammed has
taken. "God grant," he said, "that there may not be another season
of persecution. If there be, and the Lord will, I shall stay at
Medina to comfort, if I may, my poor brethren there. 'Blessed are
they which are persecuted for righteousness' sake, for theirs is the
kingdom of heaven.' God grant that we may all be imbued with the
spirit of him who said, 'Love your enemies, bless them that curse
you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them that
despitefully use you.' Yet, Yusuf, it may be that we shall be forced
to defend our lives, and those of our wives and children,--God
knoweth. He will direct us, if we permit him, so that, living or
dying, it shall be well with us."

Is not such love, such comfort in the help and presence and sympathy
of God, worth more, infinitely more, than power or wealth or worldly
pleasure? Nothing that happens can overwhelm this happy family, for
they have the consciousness of God's love and care in all. They have
Jesus for a personal friend. Amzi, what would I not give to know
that you felt as they do, and as I learn to feel, more and more,
every day.

My friend, I could keep on in this strain for the whole night; but I
am weary, for to-day I talked for many hours with some of those who
are half-apostatizing to Mohammed.

So, Mizpah; and may the blessing of God be upon you.

Yusuf.