Chapter XXXVI: Appendix: XIV

LIST OF BOOKS AT BURTON ABBEY

(_British Museum. Addit. MS. 23,944. See p. 200._)

The following list shows what books the Abbey of Burton possessed in the early part of the thirteenth century: it is not probable that many of them had disappeared by the sixteenth century. If we had a list of the books in the Abbey Library at the time of its Dissolution we should be able to form some idea as to the extent to which the Revival of Learning had influenced the monks there. Failing this we may notice with interest the number and character of English books at the end of this Catalogue, including _Apollonius Anglicus_ (see note _infra_), which appears to be the only “pagan” book in the collection.

The list begins _Hos habet Libros Ecclesia Burtonne_, and the succeeding entries are therefore in the accusative case, _e.g._, “Bibliothecam in duobus codicibus.” I have, however, printed them in the nominative throughout.

_Bibliotheca_[267] in duobus codicibus
Omeliarum ab Adventu usque Pascham }
et _Vita Sanctae Moduennae_ } in uno codice
et Bernardus, _super “Missus est [Angelus”]_[268]}
Psalterium secundum Augustinum in tribus voluminibus
Augustinus, _de Civitate Dei_
Augustinus, _super Johannem_
Augustinus, _de sermone Domini [in Monte]_ }
et _de decem cordis_[269] }
et _contra quinque haereses_ } in uno codice
et Ieronimus, _super Josue_ }
Augustinus, _Exameron_[270]
Augustinus, _Contra Iulianum [haeresis Pelagianae defensorem]_
Augustinus, _de Disciplina Christianorum_ }
et ejusdem _epistola ad quendam comitem_[271] } in uno codice
Regula Sancti Augustini a quodam exposita }
et cantica psalterii } in uno codice
et Hugo, _de Disciplina Novitiorum_[272] }
Hugo, _super Ecclesiasten_[273]
Gregorius, _super Job_, in tribus voluminibus[274]
_Dialogus_ Gregorii[275] } in uno codice
et liber qui vocatur _scintillarum_[276] }
Gregorius, _super Ezechielem_
_Pastoralis_ Gregorii[277]
Liber xl omeliarum Gregorii[278]
Registrum [Epistolarum] Gregorii in duobus codicis
Ambrosius, _super “Beati Immaculati”_[279]
Ambrosius, _de Officiis [Ministrorum]_ }
et Hugo, _de Archa Noe_[280] } in uno codice
et Beda, _de situ [urbis] Ierusalem_ }
Beda, _super Lucam_
_Hystoria Anglorum_ secundum Bedam
Item alius liber vetustior
Decem collationes patrum }
et Liber qui vocatur _Paradisus_[281] } in uno volumine
Vitae patrum
Robertus,[282] _super Canticum Canticorum_}
et _Sinonima_ ysidori[283] }
et Liber Effrem[284] } in uno codice
et _Regula_ Sancti Basilii }
et _Decessus Bedae presbyteri_ }
Item, _Canticum Canticorum_ cujus auctorem ignoramus
_Prognosticon futuri sacculi_[285]
Ailredus, _de Oneribus ysaiae_[286] }
et _Didascalion_ Hugonis[287] } in uno codice
_Speculum Karitatis_
Prosper,[288] } in uno volumine
et _Diadema Monachorum_ }
_Miracula Sanctae Mariae_
_Vita Sanctae Moduennae_ quam Martinus scripsit[289]
et alia quam Briennius scripsit[290]
Item alia antiquissima
Passionale Octobrii et Decembrii mensis }
_Vita Sanctae Katerinae_ } in uno codice
et Sancti Martini }
_Sermones_ Yvonis carnotensis[291]
_Leviticus_ glosatus[292]
Anselmus, _Cur Deus Homo_
Item Anselmus, _de processione Spiritus Sancti_
Rodbertus, _de Corpore et Sanguine Christi_[293]
Compotus[294] Gaufridi Abbatis[295]
_Interpretationes Hebraicorum nominum_[296]
Quidam liber _de Titulis Psalterii_
_Vita Sanctae Werburge_
_Vita Sancti Edwardi_
_Vita Sancti Basilii_
_Vita Sancti Blasii_
_Vita Sancti Nicholai_
_Vita Sancti Johannis eleymonis_[297] }
et liber qui vocatur _Dominus vobiscum_ }
et _Vita Sancti Dunstani_ }
_Vita Sancti Leonardi_
_Passio Sanctae Agathae et aliorum_, in magno quaternione[298]
_Vita Sanctae Martae[299] Egyptiacae_ versibus insignita
Arator, _super Acta Apostolorum_[300]
_Sinonima_ Ysidori in parvo libro[301]
Sex libri Sententiarum qui fuerant Bernardi Abbatis[302]
Duo capitularia[303] vetusta
Ymnarium cum aureis litteris
_Epistolae Apostolorum Canonicae_
Omeliarium vetustissimum
Sermones Paschales Sancti Cesarii[304]
Ernaldus, _de Villico iniquitatis_[305]
Martirologia duo vetera }
et unum novum }
Regula duo vetusta
Omeliarium anglicum
Psalterium anglicum
Passionale anglicum
_Dialogus_ Gregorii[306]
et _Historia Anglorum anglica_
_Apollonius_ anglicus[307]
Evangelistae anglicae
Ymnarium anglicum
Hugo Abbas Radingensis,[308] _de quibusdam questionibus_.

INDEX

CHIEFLY OF PERSONS AND PLACES

Abbots Bromley, 59, 77, 79, 81, 84, 86, 90

Abingdon, Nicholas, Abbot of Burton, 89

Acton Trussell, 116

Admaston, 116

Akers, Henry, 123

Albrighton, 93

Alcock, Bishop of Ely, 19

Aldelem, Aldelegh, 68, 104, 117

Aldington (Kent), 183

Aldred, Archbishop, 9

Alenn, Elizabeth, 198

Aleynn, John, 103

Alfrike, Archbishop, 90

Algar, 9

Alien Priories, 19, 28, 31

Allen, Thomas, Abbot of Hulton, 195

Allestree, Allstrye, 69, 70, 79, 86, 89, 90, 149

Alms, 1, 3, 60, 86, 89, 90, 111, 128, 207

Almo, John, 168, 222

Alton (Staffs.), 13, 62, 63, 68, 96, 97, 98, 99, 110, 130

---- Thomas, Prior of Ronton, 112

Amerton, 116

Amyas, Robert, 21

Andrasia, 79

Anglesey, Marquis of, 201

Annates Bill, 43, 44

Anselm Spot, 90

Anslow, 77, 81, 86, 119

Apeton, 112, 114, 115, 117

Appeals to Rome, Act in restraint of, 44

Appleby, 90

Appropriations, 2, 3, 15, 117, 118

Ap Rice, 137

Apultre, 127

Arberton Grange, 115, 116, 181

Archdeacon, 70, 71, 98, 103, 108, 111, 117, 120, 123, 128, 199

Arnold, Richard, 167, 191

Arnulph, Feast of St., 100

Ashbourne, 98, 99, 116, 122

Assarting, 112

Aslebury, 104

Asten, Robert, 107

Astley, Thomas, 113

Aston, 112, 114, 119, 120, 121

---- Sir Edward, 25, 120, 203

Atkyn, James, 147

Audlem, 148

Audley, 68, 108

Audley, George, 54

---- Henry de, founder of Hulton Abbey, 14

---- Lord, 102

---- Sir Thomas (Chancellor), 60, 75, 83, 91

Augmentations, Court of, 56, 139, 144, 145, 147, 163, 171, 176

Aunay, 13, 97

Austin Canons, 10, 11;
Staffs. houses, 10, 30;
Wolsey’s regulations, 22

---- Friars. _See_ Friars

Bachaker, 112

Bache, 204

Bacon, Richard, 10

Bageley, Robert, 190, 239, 242

Bagford, 103

---- Thomas, 204

Bagley, William, 117, 204

Bagnall, William, 169

Bagot, John, 88, 89

---- Thomas, 77, 116

Bagott, Stephen, 170, 257

Baguley, Thomas, 172, 190, 232

Baker, Hugh, 117, 204

---- Robert, 204

Bannebury, Thomas de, 80

Bannockburn, 96

Bar, Magna and Parva, 23

Barkley, 123

Barleston, 68, 123, 124

Barley, Hugh, 90

Barnes, Randall, 190

Bassett, Francis, 127, 158, 159, 160, 169, 176, 255

---- William, 36, 54, 55, 110, 158, 168, 264, 265, 266

Beauchief, 205

Beaulieu, 13 n.

Bech, Beche, 204, 233

Beche, William, 168, 196, 222

Becket, Archbishop, 10, 39

Bednall, 116

Belfeld, John, 87

Benedictines, 12, 14, 87

Bennett, Henry, 190

Bentley Park, 77

Berkswick, 58, 68, 117, 120, 181

Berreston, 195

Beyne, Abbot of Burton, 17, 81, 89

Bible, 95, 201

Biddulph, 6, 210

Billington, 112, 113

Billysdon, John de, Abbot of Croxden, 95

Biscopham, 102

Bitterstone, 24

Black Death, 32, 72, 96, 109

Blackmore, 93

Blithburgh, 23 note

Blithbury, 23 note, 94

Blithfield, 69, 79, 111

Blore Park, 143

Blount or Blunt, Edward, 62, 105, 106

---- John, 98

---- George, 141

---- Walter, 54

Blurton, 122, 124

Blythe, Geoffrey, Bishop of Lichfield, 26, 27, 30, 35, 42, 112

Boleyn, Anne, 43, 44

Bolton, Edmond, 190

Bond, William, 168

Bonye, Peter, 197

Boston, William, Abbot of Burton and afterwards of Westminster, 43,
44, 45, 47, 48, 74, 83

Bothe, John, 157, 175

Boudon, William, 172, 190, 232

Boughey, George, 117, 233

Boyston, Thomas, 90

Brabazon, William, 24, 36 and note, 37

Bradborne, 124

Bradley, 68, 93, 110, 111

Bradnop, 107, 108

Bradshawe, Robert, 177

Bradwall, or Bradwell, Laurence, 123

---- ---- John, 193

---- ---- Thomas, Prior of Trentham, 122, 193, 195

Brailsford, 127

Branstone, 77, 86, 90

---- William, Abbot of Burton, 81

Brazenose College, 20

Bredehurst, Henry, 123

Brenn’, Hugh, 117

Brewood, Cistercian Nunnery, 92, 141, 209

---- Benedictine Nunnery, 14, 18, 62, 64, 67, 71, 92–4, 203, 204;
_Dissolution_, 138, 162, 171, 172, 175, 176, 178, 179, 189, 198,
199. App. iii
_See_ Prioress Isabel Launder

Bridgnorth, 108

Brocke, or Brooke, Dr., 177, 191

Brodsha, Thomas, 155

Broke, Mr., 130, 156

---- St. Mary, 138

Broley, Nicholas, 167

Brome, 92, 93

Bromley Hurst, 77, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 130

Browne, Robert, 117

Brucheford, 112, 114

Brugge, William del, 101

Brykylbake, John, 168

Buckinghamshire, 7

Buildwas Abbey, 205

Bulle, Roger, 191

Burbank, William, 23, 25

Burchard, 9

Burdeslyme, 108

Burgh, Hubert de, 39

---- Robert, 103, 242

Burgoyn(e) Robert, 145, 163, 165, 175

Burnet, Archbishop Gilbert, quoted, 2, 4

Burston, 120, 121

Burton-on-Trent, 69, 75, 79, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, 87, 90, 177, 196

---- Abbey, 7, 8, 14, 17, 18, 30, 43, 47, 60, 74, 80, 81, 86, 95,
96, 98, 106, 129, 130, 131, 139, 149, 150, 157, 176, 201, 207
Annals, 9, 74 and note, 200
Cook, 81
Library, 200. App. xiv
Manor Court, 84
In _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 67, 69,
70, 71, 76, 77, 78, 79, 86, 129, 179
Dissolution, 160, 177, 203
College, 177, 191. App. xii, xiii
Pensions, 190, 191
_See_ Abbots Abingdon, Beyne, Boston, Branstone, Edie, Felde,
Geoffrey, Nicholas, Packington, Richard, and Sudbury

---- Grammar School, 81, 177

Burton Overy, 98

Burwey, Nicholas, 177

Bushbury, 58, 68, 116, 117, 120

Butler, Thomas, 102

Byddel, 68, 108

Bykerton, John, 190

Byssheton, 116

Byveley, 103

Cade, or Keydr, Robert, 168, 196, 222

Calder, 100

Calton, 98, 100, 128

Calwich Priory, 8, 10, 18, 30, 31, 32
Dissolution, 30, 33–41, 42, 44, 45, 139, 189, 198
_See_ Dr. Pole

Cambryngham, 68, 107, 108, 204

Cannock Chase, 12, 15, 114

Canwell Priory, 11, 18, 22
Dissolution, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 30

Cariswell, 68, 113, 117

Carte, Reginald, 113

Carter, John, 191

Casterne, 98

Cauldon, 69, 79, 84, 98, 99, 100, 130, 177

Cauldwell, 78, 84, 90

Cavendish, William, 140, 162, 167, 170, 171, 172, 173, 176, 197

Caythorpe, 100

Cellarer, 101

Cells, 31, 139

Chad, St., 137, 159

Chaldon, 122, 123, 124

Chamberlain, Abbot’s, 103

Chantries, 15, 63, 69, 70, 86, 109, 111

Chard, Thomas, Abbot of Forde, 50, 99

Charity, Monastic, 1, 3, 60, 86, 89, 90, 111, 128, 207

Charnels, Walter, 90, 258

Chawner, or Chalner, Thomas, Abbot of Croxden, 97, 145, 168, 222

Cheadle, 95, 97, 98

Checkley, 98, 120

Cheddleton, 103

Cherinton, Robert, 190

Chester, 35, 102, 103, 205

---- Earls, of, 9, 14, 121

Chetwen, Chetwynd, Philip, 117, 233, 235

----, ---- William, 98, 116, 123, 203

Chichele, Archbishop, 19

Chillington, 93

Chirton Cestria, 103

Church Broughton, 68, 127, 128

Churches, Parish, and Monasteries.
_See_ Appropriations

Churchill, 105

Churnet, river, 100

Chyltrenhall Prebend, 113

Cistercians, 11, 12, 67, 71, 94, 192

---- Reformator of, 50, 99, 192

Citeaux, 94

Clanford, 112, 114

Clarke, Robert, 168, 196, 222

Clayborough, Dr., 28 and note

Clement VII, Pope, 23, 43

Cleyton Gryffin, 122, 123, 124

Cleyton, Rose, 116

Clifton, John, 23

Clinton, Bishop of Lichfield, 10, 27

---- Geoffrey de, 13

Clownholme, Le Clownams, 110

Cluniac Houses in Staffordshire, 11, 22

Cocke, James, 117

Coke, John, 62, 105, 106, 194, 264

Cokenage, 122, 124

Cokysland, 112, 114

Colet, Dean of St. Paul’s, 26

Colman William, 166, 252, 253

Collingwood, 77

Colton, 116

Colyer, James, 147

Combermere Abbey, 103, 205

Combridge, 110

Comperta, 137

Convocation, 30, 42, 43, 55, 87

Coots, 107, 109

Coppenhall, 120, 121

Corbet, Ranold, 168, 223

Corbet, Roger, 93

Corden, John, 103, 194

Corke, Ralf, 168

Cornwall, 7

Corpus Christi, 90, 128

Corrodies, 15, and note, 16, 21, 60, 62, 76, 80, 86, 87, 90, 96,
110, 118, 122, 123, 125, 203

Corveysor, Richard, 197

Coston, 23

Coton, 115, 117

Cotton, 114

---- Humphrey, 191

Courtenay, Thurston, 128

Courts of the Manor, 77, 78, 85, 90, 102, 103, 104, 109, 111, 115,
116, 120, 121, 124, 127, 131

Coventry, 108, 117, 120, 129

Cowley, 113, 114

Crakemarsh Grange, 100

Cranmer, Archbishop, 47, 83, 159, 160, 169, 176

Cromwell, Thomas: concerned in Wolsey’s Dissolutions, 23, 25, 29;
and Calwich, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40,
and Appointments to Monasteries 43, 44, 45, 74, 126, 205
and Tenths, 54, 57
Dissolution of Monasteries, 52, 133, 134, 137, 140, 141, 142,
143, 145, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 155, 156, 157, 160, 161,
171, 175, 176

Crosse, William, 190

---- Thomas, 116

Croxden Abbey, 8, 13, 17, 18, 30, 42, 50, 51, 62, 64, 65, 67, 68,
71, 94–100, 102, 110, 116, 130, 131, 192, 201, 202, 203
Chronicle, 94–6, 200
in _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, 97–9, 179
Dissolution, 138, 145, 163, 168, 169, 176, 186, 199, 203. App. ii
and ix
License to continue, App. i
Pensions, 190, 195, 196
_See_ Abbots Billysdon, Chawner, Howton, John of London, and
William de Over.

Cumberland, 7

Cunningham, Dr., quoted, 81, note

Curson, 36, 38

Dalbury, 124

Damport (or Davenport) William, 103, 173, 194 and note, 195, 242,
243

Darlastone, 77, 119, 120, 121

Daun, Richard, 103

Dave, George, 168

Dawley, 93

Day, Richard, 196

Dayne, John, 168

Demesne, 77, 78, 98, 102, 103, 105, 107, 108, 110, 111, 113, 114,
115, 119, 121, 122, 124, 127, 128, 142

Denstone, 100, 110, 111

Derby, 78, 81, 84, 98, 111, 128, 130

---- Lord Edward, 103, 162, 170, 174, 193, 203, 204, 205, 237, 241,
242

Derbyshire, 7

Dieulacres Abbey, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 30, 60, 62, 64, 65, 67, 68,
71, 95, 107, 131, 139, 148, 180, 183, 184, 185, 186, 197, 201,
207
in _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, 102, 103, 179, 204
Dissolution, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174 and note, 175, 187, 193,
199, 203, 204, App. ix
Pensions, 190, 195, 196
_See_ Abbots Goodfellow, Whitmore, and Whitney

Dijon, 94

Doddington, 114

Domesday Book, 75

Dorynton, Dorrington Robert, 165, 201, 246, 247, 249

Dove, River, 167

Dover, Bishop of. _See_ Ingworth

Doveridge, 68, 98, 127, 128

Doveridge Holt, 127

Draycott, 130

---- Edmund de, 101

---- or Dreycote, Philip, 107, 203, 204, 264, 265, 266

Drayngton, 116

Drayton, 24, 115, 117

---- Edmund de, 101

Duddlestone, 105

Dudley, 23, 59, 105, 106

---- Prebendary Arthur, 159

---- Lord Edward, 25

---- Priory, 6, 11, 18, 30, 58, 59, 62, 64, 67, 70, 71, 92, 139,
202
in _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, 104–6, 179
Dissolution, 194, 199, 203
_See_ Prior John Webley

Dudley, Sir John, 6, 105, 116, 194

Duffield, 127

Dulverne, 113

---- Richard de, Prior of Trentham, 122

Duranstrope, 116

Durham (County), 7

Dutton, Sir Piers, 46 and note

Easter Communion, 11, 110, 111

East Molesey, 39

Eccleshall, 112, 113

Edelston, 128

Edensor (Derbyshire), 68, 110, 111

Edensore, Edward, 90

Edie, William, Abbot of Burton, 47, 82, 137, 149, 177, 191

Ednaston, 127

Educational work of Monasteries, 3, 17, 86

Edulneston, 127

Edward I, 16, 109, 118

---- II, 16, 80, 96, 106, 122

---- III, 15, 17, 76, 80

Edwin and Morcar, 9

Egerton, Richard, 116

Elford, 24

Elizabeth, Queen, 41, 45, 174 and note

Elkeston, 122, 123, 195

Ellaston (“Glaston”), 31, 34, 98 and note, 100, 110, 130, 198

Ellenhall, Elynhall, 112, 114, 195

Ellerton, 112

Erdeswick, Sampson, quoted 41, 195

Essex, William, 113

Esteleke, 128

Esyng, 103, 104

Etheldred, King, 90

Everest, Robert, 149

Fairs, 17, 190

Fairwell Nunnery, 14, 18, 27, 28

Fanne, Thomas, 166, 255

Farysley, 24

Feccham, 23

Felde, Thomas de, Abbot of Burton, 17, 89

Fenny Compton, 123

Fenton, 127

Ferny, George, 190

Ferrers, Henry de, Founder of Tutbury, 9, 129

Ferrers, Earl, 116, 117, 194, 203, 235

---- Robert de, 115

Field, 77, 88, 102

Fillingham, 107, 109

Findern, 79, 191

First Fruits, Bill for, 52

Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, 19

Fitzherberts, 38, 40, 70, 168

Flashbrook, 112

Fleet Prison, 41

Fleetwood, John, 40, 41

Forde, Prior of, 50, 51, 191, 192

Foresters, 103, 194, 204

Forest Laws, 15, 114

Forman, John, 169

Fort, Thomas, Prior of Stone, 20, 119

Foston, 110

French Wars. _See_ “100 Years’ War”

Friars, 14, 52, 129, 150, 151, 157, 183, 185, 211

Frideswide’s, St., Oxford, 22

Frith, le, 103, 104, 195

Frodswell, 115, 117

Froude, J. A., quoted, 1, 183

Fulford, 121

Fulling Mills, 15, 111, 121, 130

Furnivalls, 96

Fyndern, 36, 38, 90

Fyssher, William, 191

Fyton, Sir Thomas, 119

Gaddesby, 123

Gairdner, Dr., quoted 2, 139 note

Gallows, 100

Gasquet, Dr., quoted 2, 139 note

Gaunt, Robert, 128

Geoffrey, Abbot of Burton, 200

Geyton, 68, 117

Giffard, Mr., 175

Gifford (or Gyfford), John, 6, 25, 36, 54, 55, 93, 113

----, ---- Thomas, 54, 55, 116, 225, 227

Glaston = Ellaston, q.v.

Glebe, 67, 68, 79, 102, 117, 124

Gloucester College, Oxford, 87

Gnosall, 112, 113

Goodcole, John, 191

Goodfellow, John, Abbot of Dieulacres, 101

Goodrich, Richard, 177, App. xii

Gordon, John, 103

---- Richard, 190

Gorton, Dan Richard, 83

Gostree, 104

Gostwick, John, Treasurer of First Fruits, 40

Grafton, George, 168

---- William, Abbot of Rocester, 109, 168, 193, 195

Great Gate, 100, 195

---- Meadow, 110

Green, J. R., quoted, 2

Grenburgh, 68, 113, 114

Grene, Alexander, 151

Gresley, George, 54, 55, 116

---- Nicholas, 35

---- Thomas, 149

---- Thomas de, 87

Greswike, Sampson, 147

Grindley, 116

Grindon, 69, 79

Grosvenor, John, 54, 55

---- Richard, 103, 242

Gynne, Richard, 123

Hadford, 103

Halghton, 112

Halywell, 109

Hampton, 94

---- Court, 28

Hamstall Ridware, 69, 79

Hanchurch, 122, 124

Hanyate, 116

Harborne, 23

Harcourt, Harecourt, John, 113, 203

----, ---- Robert, 195

----, ---- Richard, 39

----, ---- Simon, 140, 141, 142, 144

Hargreaves, Henry, 197

---- Laurence, 197

Harmon, Bishop of Exeter, 26

Harvey Richard, 172, 190, 232

---- William, 117

Hartshorne, 98

Hastings, Lord, 142, 160

Hatton, 128

Haughmond Abbey, 10, 112, 113

Heathhouse Grange, 112, 114

Heath Mill, 197

Heith, Richard, 158

Heithcott, Robert, 191

Hendon, Thomas, 168, 222

Hennege, Thomas, 171

Henry I, 13

---- II, 13

---- III, 14, 94, 109, 118

---- IV, 87, 88, 115, 125

---- V, 19

---- VI, 17, 109

---- VIII, 16, 19, 21, 26, 39, 42, 43, 44, 48, 50, 55, 80, 99, 122,
130, 134

Henyngton, 94

Herefordshire, 7

Heron, John, 191

Heth, Roland, 127, 195

Hether, William, 191

Hevedale, 112, 114

Hevehall, 112, 113

Heyton, 103, 104

Higdon, John, Dean of Cardinal’s College, 24, 25

Hilderstone, 120, 121

Hilton, Hylton, Roger, 167, 195

Hodgetts, 159

Hoggson, John, 113

Hognaston, 110

Holcroft, Mr., 149

Hollington, Holington, 127, 128

Holond, Holland, Otto, 116, 117

Holte, Thomas, 54

Hopton, 116

Hornington, 77

Hospitality, 1, 16, 118

Horsbrook, 92 and note

Horton, 103

Howton, Abbot of Croxden, 94

Hulme, 104

Hulton, 130

Hulton Abbey, 6, 14, 18, 30, 59, 62, 64, 65, 67, 68, 70, 71, 95,
98, 106–9, 124, 130, 131, 196
in _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, 107, 108, 179, 204
Dissolution, 138, 145, 163, 169, 171, 186, 199, 203. App. xi
Pensions, 195
_See_ Abbots Allen, John, and Wilkyns

Hulton Manor, 107, 108

Hunchedial, 100

Hundred Years’ War, 72, 96, 124

Huntingdon, George, Earl of, 90, 193, 203

---- Francis, Earl of, 193

Hyll, William, 127

Hyns, 24

Ilam, 69, 79, 86, 101

Images, 158

Indulgences, 31

Ingworth, Bishop of Dover, 130, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156,
175, 184

Injunctions, 135

Insolvency of Monasteries, 96, 184, 187

Ironmonger, Thomas, 123

Isabella, Queen, 76

Jermy, John, 191

Jerusalem, Knights of St. John of, 53 and note, 116, 124

Jews, 15

John, Abbot of Hulton, 106

Katherine of Aragon, 43

Keele, 15, 19

Kelyng, John, 112, 113

---- Thomas, 168, 222

Kenilworth Abbey, 10, 30, 32, 40, 118, 119, 120

Kent (County), 7, 57

Keydr (or Cade), Robert, 168, 196, 222

Kidderminster, 93

Kirk Broughton. _See_ Church Broughton

Knighton, 112, 113

Knutsford, 103

Kybbulston, 122, 123, 124

Kyngeley, 111

Kynston, 68, 110

Labourers, Statute of, 88

Lambert, John, 90, 271

Lamp, Endowment of, 69, 86, 89

Lancashire, 7, 102

Lancaster, Earls of, 95, 121, 124, 125

Lane, Richard, 127

Langley, 98, 128

Langton, Archbishop, 14

Lapley Priory, 9, 118
Suppression of, 19

---- Rural Deanery of, 55, 61, 63

Lateran Council, 67

Latimer, Bishop, 150

Launde Stockton, 112

Launder, Isabel, 92, 189, 195, 227, 228

Laundresses, 178

Lavynden, Richard de, Prior of Trentham, 121

Layton, Dr. Richard, 133, 134, 136, 138, 158, 201, 224

Leases, 72

Lee, 116

---- Roland, Bishop of Lichfield, 33, 43, 44, 45, 47, 52, 54, 57,
60, 126, 142, 143, 145, 148, 152, 157, 160, 161, 162, 170,
172, 185, 229, 234

Leek, 8, 14, 62, 63, 68, 98, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 172, 196, 204

Lees, Thomas, 107

Lees, 15, 109

Legh, Geoffrey, 195

---- Dr. Thomas, 133, 134, 136, 138, 158, 160, 162, 167, 170, 171,
172, 173, 176, 193, 197, 224

Leicester, Archdeacon of, 98

Leicestershire, 99, 113, 123, 128

Leigh, 69, 77, 79

Lenton, 149

Leo X, Pope, 22

Lepers, 14

Leveson (Loveson, Luson), John, 6, 164, 165, 210, 246, 247, 249,
251

_Liber Regis_, 83, 200, 201

Libraries, Monastic, 95, 200, 201

Lichfield, 8, 14, 16, 27, 28, 36, 47, 59, 116, 134, 136, 137, 151,
155, 196

---- Bishop, 62, 63, 70, 71, 86, 92, 106, 108, 113, 115, 116, 117,
120, 123, 124, 127, 185, 199, 229

---- Cathedral, 27, 62, 63, 70, 86, 111, 120, 137, 159

---- Dean and Chapter, 28, 62, 70, 71, 86, 108, 117, 120, 128, 185,
236

---- Grey Friars, 14, 18, 150, 151, 163, 166, 184, 199, 209. App.
vii

---- Michael de, 95
_See_ Bishops Blythe, Clinton, Lee, Limesey, Longsword, Norbury,
Peche, Smythe, Stretton.

Lights, Endowment of, 15, 69, 86, 89

Lilleshall Abbey, 205

Limesey, Bishop of Lichfield, 10

Lincoln, 107, 108, 109

Lincolnshire, 7, 107

Littleover, 79

Littleton, Edward, 25, 54, 55, 90, 235

---- Mr., 171

Lisle, Lord, 24

Loke, Thomas, 190

London, 7, 52, 84, 98, 100, 169, 177

---- John of, Abbot of Croxden, 95

Longford, 98

---- Ralf, 33, 36, 37, 38, 40;
Junr., 41

Longnor, 103

Longsword (Longespee), de Meulan (or Meyland), Bishop of Lichfield,
118

Longton, 102, 122, 123, 124

Lont, Thomas, 151

Loughtonhouse, John, 168

Lowe, 103, 104

Lupton, John, 23

Lymforde, John, 155

Lyttleton, Mr., 160

Macclesfield, Earl of, 201

Madeley, 121

Maintenance, 38, 101

Mainwaring, Ralf, 90

Manor Courts, 77, 78, 85, 90, 102, 103, 104, 109, 111, 115, 116,
120, 121, 124, 127, 131, 205

Marchington, 116

Markets, 17

Marshalsea, 101

Marston, 68, 127, 128

Master, Richard, 183

Matherfield, 68, 127, 128

Matilda, Empress, 12, 121

Mere, Meyre, 68, 115, 117, 122, 124

Merivale, 176

Merton Priory, 39, 40

Meverell, Arthur, Prior of Tutbury, 125, 126, 145, 167, 191

---- Humfry, 127

Meynell, Henry, 90

Meyre, Richard, 168, 196, 222

Mickleover, 69, 78, 79, 81, 86, 90

Middlesex, 7

Middlewick, 98, 102, 103, 104, 194

Mills, Fulling, 15, 111, 121, 130

---- Water, 77, 78, 84, 99, 104, 108, 113, 114, 115, 122, 123, 124,
127, 130

Milwich, 6, 68, 113, 120, 121

Misterton, 98

Modwen’s, St., Chapel, 69, 79

----, -- Image, 158, 176

_Monasticon_, quoted 91; Chap. VI, _passim_

Monmouthshire, 7

Montacute Priory, 50

Moore, Robert, 191

Morality of Religious, 72, 184

Morcar, 9

More, 108, 130

---- Sir Thomas, 47, 48, 52, 133

Moreton, John, 54, 57

---- Thomas, 120, 191, 227

Morley, Richard, 90

Moseley, John, 191

---- Richard, 191

Motesset, Rauffe, 190

Mountjoy, Lord, 98, 124

Mountstrell, 98

Mulneston, 127, 130

Musden Grange, 98, 99, 100, 176

Myfford, Meyford, 121, 124

Mylward, Henry, 127

Myxton Heyes, 108

Nakerer, John le, 76

Nantwich, 114

Nativi, 83, 85

Needham, John, 111

Needwood Forest, 127

Newbalt, Newbold, 103, 104

Newcastle-under-Lyme, 14, 112, 123, 124

---- Dominican Friary, 5, 14, 18, 129, 130, 150, 155, 156, 157,
175, 199, 211

---- Rural Deanery, 62, 63

New Learning, 20, 29, 72

Newport (Salop), 113, 114

Newstead, 122, 124

Newton, 116

---- John, 87

Nicholas, Abbot of Burton, 17, 81

---- IV’s _Taxatio_, 131

Nigel, Fitz, 10, 30, 35

Norbury, 70, 127

---- Bishop of Lichfield, 11, 16, 27, 109, 110, 112, 118, 125

Noel, Fitz, 10

Norbrook, 102

Normacot, 107, 130

North, Sir Edward, 271

Northfield, 105

Northumberland, 7

Northwich, 108

Norton (Leics.), 68, 97

Norton, East, 100

---- Thomas, 167

Norwich, Diocese, 53

Nunneries, 14, 92, 192

Oaken, Oken, 98, 99

Oblations, 79

Offley, 112, 114

Okeover, Oker, 35, 37, 77, 109, 177

Oldall Grange, 114

Olton, 116

Omburn, 104, 106

Oncott, 98

Orpe, John, 168, 195, 196, 222

Orslow, 112, 114

Orton, Walter, 168, 223

Osmaston, Osmonston, 127

Over, William de, Abbot of Croxden, 95, 201

Overton, 127

Oxford, St. Bernard’s College (now St. John’s), 50
Brazenose College, 20
Cardinal’s College, 22, 24, 26
_See_ Higdon, John
Gloucester College (now Worcester), 87
New College, 201, 205
Trinity College, 140

Packington, 24

---- Thomas, Abbot of Burton, 85

Paget, Sir William, afterwards Baron Paget of Beaudesert, 177, 263
and note, 264 and note

Paganel, Gervase, Baron of Dudley, 11

“Palfrey Money,” 127

Paper Surveys, 110, 113

Parliament, “Reformation,” 30, 44, 47, 137

Parry, William, 117

Particulars for Grants, 5

Peche, Bishop of Lichfield, 10

Peckham, Archbishop, 16

Penford, 115, 116, 117

Penford, John, 93

Penkridge, 113

Pensions to Religious, 26, 79, 178, 189–91, 198

---- -- Lay Inmates, 193, 194

Penulton, 115, 116

Peter-sur-Dive, St., 9, 124, 125

Picto, Thomas, 164, 165, 166, 251

Pigs as Rent, 128

Pilgrimage of Grace, 146, 211

Pillatonhall, 77

Pipstoke (or Pykstoke), William, 172, 190, 232

Pitt, Thomas, 93

Plante, William, 5

Pole, Dr., 33, 39, 45, 46, 189, 212 note

---- Henry, 111, 127

---- John, 191

---- Reginald (Cardinal), 22

Polesworth Abbey, 85

Pope, Sir Thomas, 140

Pothlac, 86, 90

Pottery Works, 131

_Præmunire_, 42, 53, 55

Pratye, John, 197

Prince, John, 127

Prowdluffe, William, 190

Pulford, 103

Pulton, Poulton, 100, 103, 104, 173, 174 and note

Puttels, 98, 100

Quickshill, 110, 111

Quinton, 116

Quytgrave, Robert, 129

Radford, 14

Radmore, 12

Ralf, Baron of Stafford, 14

Ratclyffe, Alexander, 116, 117

---- Laurence, 107

Rathbone, Hugh, 147

Rede, William, 107

Reformator of Cistercians, 50, 62, 99, 192

Revival of Learning. _See_ New Learning

Renez (or Raynard), Thomas, 167, 191

Repton Priory, 84

Rheims, 9, 118

Riche, Sir Richard, Solicitor-General, Chancellor of Augmentations,
140, 163, 165

Richard, Abbot of Burton, 81

Richard II, 16, 96

Richmond, Archdeaconry, 53

---- Duke of, 16, 21

Ridding, 100

Ridel, Justice Geoffrey, his widow, 11

Robynson, Robert, 191

Rocester, 68, 94, 109, 110, 130, 193

---- “Abbey,” 5, 10, 11, 15, 17, 18, 30, 34, 36, 58, 59, 60, 62,
64, 65, 67, 69, 70, 71, 98, 102, 109–12, 130, 202, 207
in _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, 110–11, 179
Dissolution, 138, 145, 163, 167, 169 and note, 171, 186, 193,
199, 203. App. x.
Pensions, 190, 195, 196
_See_ Abbot William Grafton

Rogers, Thorold, quoted 4, 5

Rolleston, 87

---- Thomas, 168, 222

Ronton, 112, 113, 114, 130

---- Priory, 10, 18, 26, 30, 62, 64, 65, 67, 68, 70, 71, 107,
112–14, 116, 131, 195, 201
in _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, 112–13, 179
Dissolution, 138, 140, 144, 145, 203
Pensions, 195
_See_ Prior Thomas Alton

Roses, Wars of, 72, 97

Rokyn, Roland, 23

Rossall, 103, 104

Rothwell, Henry, 168, 222

Rowley, 153

Rudde, John, 191

Rudheth, 103

Rugeley, 14

Rushton Grange, 6, 108, 210

Russell, William, 117

---- Thomas, 153

Rutland, 7, 138

Rycerdysctote, 116

Ryve, Robert, 166, 252

Sacheverell, Henry, 35, 37

Salisbury, John of, 71

Sallow, 69, 86, 89

Salt, 116

---- Houses, 116

---- Pans, 15, 102, 103, 114, 130, 131

_Salve Regina_, 94

Sandbach, 68, 102, 104

Sandon, 195

Sandwell Priory, 18, 30
Dissolution, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 87

Savage, John, 153

Scudamore, John, 140, 143, 145, 162, 163, 165, 169 and note, 171,
175, 177, 195, 199, 202, App. vi, vii, viii, ix, x, xi, xii,
xiii

---- Philip, 258

---- William, 267 and note

Sedgeley, 105, 106

Seggewik, John, 87

Seighford, Seightford, 68, 112, 113, 114

Seney (or Sinai) Park, 77, 82

Sepulchre, Holy, Friars of the, 14

Shardycote, 94, 116

Shebridge, 120, 121, 124

Sheffield, Robert, 123

Shefford, 118

Sheldon, Mr., 202, 203

Shele, Thomas, 167

Shene, Prior of, 26, 119

---- 177

Shepey, 113

Shepherd, Thomas, 88

Sheriff’s Aids, 90, 127

Shirley, 128

Shobnall Grange, 77, 82, 84

Shrewsbury, 115, 155, 157

---- Abbey, 102, 205

---- Francis, Earl of, 5

---- George Talbot, Earl of, (Lord Steward), 33, 35, 36, 98, 110,
125, 127, 143, 203, 205

Shropshire, 7

Skrymsher, Thomas, 39

Smith, John, 90

---- Thomas, 167

---- William, Prior of Stone, 119, 142, 143, 144, 147, 148

Smyth, Richard, 155

---- Thomas, 191

Smythe, William, Bishop of Lichfield, 20, 119

---- John, 5

Snape, John, 168

Sneyd, 108

_Solubriensis Episcopus_, 50

Somersall, 111, 127

Somerset, 7

Southwell, 136

Speed, quoted 2, 4

Speenhamland, 96

Spot, Wulfric, 8, 89

Stafford, 8, 14, 98, 103, 111, 113, 116, 117, 120, 121, 128, 153

Stafford, Austin Friars, 14, 18, 129, 142, 146, 150, 152, 153, 154,
156, 163, 164, 165, 166, 199, 201, 209, 211. App. vi.

---- Grey Friars, 14, 17, 18, 129, 150, 152, 153, 154, 156, 163,
164, 165, 184, 186, 192, 199, 201, 209, 211. App. v

---- St. John’s Hospital, 116

---- St. Thomas’s Priory, 10, 15, 17, 18, 30, 62, 64, 66, 67, 68,
70, 71, 107, 114–8, 130, 131, 148, 176, 181, 182, 184, 202
in _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, 115–7, 120, 179
Dissolution, 138, 142, 145, 160, 161, 170, 171, 172, 175, 186,
187, 199, 203, 204. App. iv
Pensions, 189, 190
_See_ Prior Richard Whytwell

---- Abbot of Burton, 69, 89

---- Brother John (of Coventry), 129

---- Henry, Lord, 113, 120, 141, 142, 143, 144, 146

---- Robert de, founder of Stone, 9

----, Robert, 167, 191

Staffordshire Religious Houses, Characteristics of, 18, 19

Stallington, 120, 121

Stamford, 98

---- William, 153

Standlaw, John, 168, 222

Stanton, 110

Stapenhill, 69, 79, 86, 87, 90, 191

Stapleton, Thomas, 117, 204

---- William, 172, 190, 204, 232

Stephen, King, 10, 11, 12, 121

Stock, Monastic, 93, 173, 181

Stoke, 108, 120, 121

Stone, 68, 118, 120, 121, 130

---- Rural Deanery, 62, 63

---- Priory, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 16, 18, 20, 30, 58, 62, 64, 66, 67,
68, 70, 71, 107, 116, 118–21, 130, 131, 201
in _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, 119–20, 179
Dissolution, 138, 142, 144, 145, 147, 148, 203
Pensions, 195
_See_ Priors Fort and William Smith

Stoneleigh, 12

Stowe, 68, 108, 117

Stratford Priory (Essex), 95

Stretaye, Edmund, 168, 223

Strete, Richard, Archbishop of Salop (and Derby), 28, 29, 30, 33,
34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 44, 45, 46, 128, 161, 198, 252

Stretton, 77

---- Bishop of Lichfield, 27, 32

Stubbs, Bishop, quoted 6, 50 note

“Submission of the Clergy,” 43

Succession, Act and Oath of, 47, 52

Sudbury, 128

---- John, Abbot of Burton, 87, 88, 89

Suffolk, Charles Brandon, Duke of, 6, 93, 210

Sutcote, Mr., 209

Sutton, 123, 124

---- Richard, 107, 203, 204

---- William, 191

“Supreme Head,” 42, 48, 53, 146, 219, 220

Swinscoe, 110, 111

Swynneshed, 116

Swynneston, 120

Swythamley, 193

Symon, William, 191

Symson, Simson, Christopher, 172, 190, 232

Tachbrook, 39

Talbot, Sir John, 54, 55

Tamworth, 24, 62, 63

Tanneries, 131

Taverner Margery, 88

---- Nicholas, 88

Templars, Knights, 15, 19, 28

Tentisworth, 103, 104

Teyte, Nicholas, 90

Thomas, Prior of Trentham, 122

Thoreby, 103

Thornley, 102

Thornton, John, 168, 196, 222, 233

Thorpe (Lincs.), 69

Tickford, 26

Tipton, 23

Tithes, 52, 67, 68, 74, 79, 97, 99, 100, 105, 106, 107, 108, 110,
111, 113, 114, 117, 120, 121, 123, 126, 128, 135, 149, 177,
198, 206, 210

Tittensor, 121

Tokeby, 68, 97, 98, 99

Tong, 93

Torcea, 81

Torksey, 107

Torner or Turner, Richard, 117, 182, 194, 204

Torrington, Parva, 50

Totmonslow, 98

Traford, William, 193

Trefall, 105

Trentham, 68, 122, 123, 124, 130, 193

---- Priory, 6, 9, 10, 11, 18, 30, 59, 62, 64, 66, 67, 68, 70, 71,
107, 121–24, 130, 197, 202
in _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, 122–4, 179
Dissolution, 138, 145, 193, 203, 210
Pensions, 189, 195
_See_ Priors Bradwall, Dulverne, Lavynden, and Thomas

Trent, River, 77, 81, 87, 136

Treour, John le, 76

Trinity College, Oxford, 140

Trusley, 98, 100

Trysull, 55, 61, 63, 106

Tutbury, 127, 128, 195

---- Castle, 9, 124, 202

---- Priory, 9, 16, 18, 21, 30, 60, 62, 63, 64, 67, 68, 71, 124–9,
130, 131, 197, 207
in _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, 125–8, 179
Dissolution, 138, 145, 167, 169, 199, 203
Pensions, 190, 191, 195
_See_ Prior Arthur Meverell

Twigg, Richard, 122

Tybbes, Thomas, 50

Tylynton, 154

Tyso, 68, 120, 121

Uttoxeter, 98

Vale Royal, 205

_Valor Ecclesiasticus_, 55–71, 73, 74, Chap. vi, 133, 138, 139,
178, 179, 186, 187, 191, 198, 203, 204, 206, 207, 211

Verduns, 13, 95

Vernam, George, 168, 223

Vernon, Henry, 120, 123

---- John, 25, 54

---- 93

_Villani_, 85

Vincent, Robert, 113

Voysey, Bishop of Exeter, 26

Wales, 156

Walford, 112, 113

Walkeden, Geoffrey, 147

---- Walter, 120

Wall Grange, 124

Walton, 5, 98, 116, 120, 121

Warde, Richard, 154, 164, 165

Warham, Archbishop, 26

Warton, John de, 101

Waterfall, 68, 110, 111

Watteley More, 112, 114

Waynfleet, Bishop of Winchester, 19

Webley, John, Prior of Dudley, 104

Wednesbury, 23

Welbeck Abbey, 205

Wenlock Priory, 11, 104, 139, 165, 205

Wernell, 23

West Broughton, 127

---- Bromwich, 23

Westminster Abbey, 9, 83, 193

---- Abbot of, 44, 47, 48, 74, 83
and _see_ Boston, William

Westmoreland, 7

---- Earl of, 141

Weston, 58, 68, 77, 115, 117, 120

Wetton, 127, 128, 195

---- William, 127

Wetwode, Richard, 151, 152, 165

Whalley, Richard, 119

Whitels, 98

“White Ship,” 11

Whitgreve, 113, 116

Whitmere, 77

Whitmore, Adam, 101

---- Richard, Abbot of Dieulacres, 100

Whitney, Humfry, 103, 173, 194, 195, 204, 242

---- John, 104, 173, 174 and note, 204, 242

---- Mary and Nicholas, 194 (cf. 193 note), 243

---- Thomas, Abbot of Dieulacres, 102, 104, 148, 173, 190, 193,
196, 204, 239

Whittington, 24

Whytgreve, Robert, 164, 247, 249

Whytteworth, Robert, 197

Whytwell, Whyttel, Whyttewell, Whittall, Edward, 117, 204, 235

Whytwell, Whyttel, Whyttwell, Whittall Katherine, 204

----, ---- Richard, Prior of Stafford, 115, 145, 161, 172, 190,
204, 232, 235

----, ---- Richard, 117, 148, 204, 258

_Wico Malbano_, 116

Wilkyns, Edward, Abbot of Hulton, 108, 145, 195, 196

Williams, John, 279 and note

Willingham, 107, 109

Wilmslow, 193

Wilton, 205

Winchester, Bishop of, 88

Windsor, 26

Wistowe, John, 99

Withington, 86, 90

Wodcoke, Ralf, 127

Wodeyton (Wood Eyton), 113

Wolsey, Cardinal, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 42, 54, 55, 140

Wolverhampton, 164

Womborne, 23

Wood, Friar, 164

Woodford, 68, 104, 109, 110

Woodhouse, Wydowes, 93, 228

Woods, 128, 129, 130

Wool Trade, 13, 17, 81, 95, 96, 100, 106

Wootton, Wotton, 31, 120, 127

Worcester Priory, 83, 87, 176

---- College, 87

---- Diocese, 105

Wriothesley, Sir Thomas (afterwards Earl of Southampton), 22

Wrottesley, Walter, 54, 55, 59, 62, 105

Wulphade, St., 120

Wycche, 194

Wyfford, 24

Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester, 19

Wyllot, Thomas, 127

Wymondham, 68, 128

Wyrley, Marke, 166, 252

Wyttemore, 124

Yatehouses, 103

York, 28, 136

---- Archbishop of, 136

Yorkshire, 7

THE END

_Printed by Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd., Bath._

Illustration: Sketch Map of STAFFORDSHIRE to Illustrate the
Dissolution of the Monasteries]

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Froude’s _History of England_.

[2] _Seventeen Lectures_ (1887), p. 289.

[3] See below, Chap. iv.

[4] These figures, omitting shillings and pence, are from _Valor Ecclesiasticus_.

[5] _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, iii, p. 146, 148.

[6] The only other exception is said to be Beaulieu.

[7] Pleas of the Forest, 1286. (_Salt Collections_, V, Pt. I, p. 162; VIII, p. 177.)

[8] Some very interesting examples of corrodies granted by Staffordshire monasteries are given in _Monasticism in Staffordshire_, p. 157–160.

[9] Dieulacres Chartulary, No. 99.

[10] _Plea Rolls, Henry III_ (in _Salt Collections_, VI, Pt. I, p. 293).

[11] _Letters and Papers, Henry VIII_, v, 1529.

[12] _Cal. Pat. Rolls, Henry VI_, Vol. II, 1429–36.

[13] _Plea Rolls, 6 Edw. IV_ (_Salt Collections_ n.s. IV).

[14] _Cal. Pat. Rolls, Edw. I_, 1281–92, p. 25.

[15] Cf. the election of Edie to Burton Abbey (Chap. iv _infra_) and of Meverell to Tutbury Priory (Chap. vi _infra_); and Cranmer’s request for the appointment of Gorton to Worcester (Chap. v _infra_).

[16] _Letters and Papers, Henry VIII_, v, 1529.

[17] _Letters and Papers, Henry VIII_, i, 1235, 1360.

[18] _Ibid._, iv, Part I, 650.

[19] _Plea Rolls, Henry III_ (_Salt Collections_, IV).

[20] _Letters and Papers, Henry VIII_, iv, Part I, 1137.

[21] _Ibid._, iv, Part II, 3536, 3538.

[22] _Ibid._, iv, Part I, 649, 697, 1913.

[23] Staffordshire Antiquaries usually add Blithbury, being misled by the similarity of name to Blythburgh, an Austin Priory in Suffolk which was one of those suppressed by Wolsey.

[24] _Letters and Papers, Henry VIII_, iv, Part I, 1964.

[25] _Ibid._, 2217, 2024.

[26] _Ibid._, iv. Part II, 3537–8.

[27] _Letters and Papers, Henry VIII_, iv, Part II, 3190, 4275.

[28] _Ibid._, iv, Part III, 6516, 6222.

[29] _Letters and Papers, Henry VIII_, iv, Part III, 6788.

[30] Bishop Norbury’s Register, p. 28.

[31] Bishop Stretton’s (2nd) Register, _sub ann._

[32] _Letters and Papers, Henry VIII_, iv, Part I, 2193; Part II, 2969. Clayborough was one of the King’s Counsel employed in the “Divorce” proceedings at Dunstable in May, 1533.

[33] _Ibid._, Part II, 3390.

[34] _Letters and Papers, Henry VIII_, vi, 389.

[35] Wright’s _Letters_, p. 127. (“Glaston” is a misprint for “Ellaston.”)

[36] _Letters and Papers_, v, 277.

[37] _Letters and Papers_, v, 1234.

[38] Cf. _supra_, p. 24; he became Sub-Treasurer and Receiver-General in Ireland.

[39] _Letters and Papers_, v, 1456.

[40] _Ibid._, vi, 389.

[41] _Letters and Papers_, vi, 645.

[42] _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, iii, 131.

[43] _e.g._, in 1608 (_State Papers, Domestic, James I_, 1603–10, p. 407) and 1680 (_Salt Collections_ V, 188).

[44] Cf. _Dict. Nat. Biog._, xxxii, 373.

[45] _Letters and Papers_, v, 879; cf. 150 (where the date should be 1532).

[46] _Letters and Papers, Henry VIII_, vi, 119; cf. iv, Part II, 2700.

[47] _Ibid._, vi, 417.

[48] Wright’s _Letters_, p. 114.

[49] _Letters and Papers_, vi, 700.

[50] Sir Piers Dutton was Sheriff of Chester (_Letters and Papers_, x, 618).

[51] _Ibid._, vi, 714. (Vols. V and VI give a considerable number of instances of interference with elections at this time.)

[52] _Letters and Papers_, vi, 1060; vii, 587 (19).

[53] These particulars are from Stubbs (_Registrum Sacrum Anglicanum_, 146, and _Monasticon_, v, 377 note).

[54] _P.R.O._, _State Papers, Henry VIII_, Fol. Vol. R. and S., 165.

[Attached to this document is a paper containing a longer list of monasteries covering three sides, of which those above-named fill the first side. Some Welsh houses are included.]

[55] Cf. _Letters and Papers, Henry VIII_, vi, 590.

[56] _26 Henry VIII_, c. 3.

[57] The Possessions of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem were taken by the Act 32 Henry VIII, c. xxiv.

[58] _Letters and Papers_, viii, 149 (75).

[59] _Ibid._, xiv, Part I, p. 289.

[60] Cf. also Arts. 10–13 of the Act.

[61] _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, iii, p. 99.

[62] _Valor Ecclesiasticus, temp. Hen. VIII, auctoritate regia institutus_ (6 vols., 1810–34). The Staffordshire returns come in Vol. III.

[63] _Letters and Papers_, ix, 354.

[64] Cf. _infra_, Ch. v.

[65] Vol. III, pp. 99–152.

The figures in heavy type are from the second survey in _Valor Ecclesiasticus_.

[69] His will is printed in the _Journal of the Derbyshire Archæological and Natural History Society_, Vol. VII (1885), pp. 226–233.

[70] _Annales de Burton_ are printed in _Annales Monastici_, Vol. I (1864), edited by H. R. Luard, M.A.

[71] _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, iii, 144.

[72] _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, iii, 146.

[73] _Cal. Pat. Rolls, Edw. III_, 1313–18, pp. 428, 447, 564; 1318–23, pp. 116, 694.

[74] _Cal. Pat. Rolls, Edw. III_, 1307–13, pp. 331, 335, 343.

[77] Cunningham, _Growth of English Industry and Commerce_, i, 625–632.

[78] _A Description of Leicestershire_, by William Burton (1622), p. 119.

[79] Cf. _supra_, p. 47.

[80] The tradition is recorded by J. Bacon in the Preface to his edition (1786) of Ecton’s _Thesaurus rerum Ecclesiasticarum_, the first edition of which was printed in 1711. Ecton and Bacon were both officials of the Office of First-Fruits and Tenths.

[81] In 1535, Cranmer wrote to Cromwell: “I understand the Priory of Worcester is to be shortly void. If so, be good to ... Dn. Richard Gorton, B.D., of the house of Burton-on-Trent.”--_Letters and Papers, Henry VIII_, ix, 971.)

[82] _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, 126.

[83] _Ibid._, 163.

[84] _Ibid._, 149.

[85] _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, iii, 226.

[86] _Cal. Pat. Rolls, Henry IV_, 1405–8.

[87] “Early Chancery Proceedings,” Bundle 6, No. 50 (_Salt Collections, N.S._, vii, 244).

[88] Vol. III, 103.

[89] In the twelfth century Margery, daughter of Sir Ralf de Coven, endowed the Nunnery with this annual rent in Horsebrook. (Original Deed at Chillington, printed in _Salt Collections_, iii, p. 211.)

[90] Cf. Appendix i.

[91] _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, iii, 125.

[92] Glaston is obviously a misprint for “Ellaston,” a mistake easily made. Cf. _supra_, p. 34.

[93] Cf. _supra_, p. 50.

[94] _Cal. Pat. Rolls, Rich. II_, 1377–81, pp. 362, 516.

[95] _Salt Collections_, iii, 163, 182; N.S., ix, 298.

[96] _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, iii, 123.

[97] _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, iii, 104 (cf. _Letters and Papers_, viii, 191).

[98] _Letters and Papers, Henry VIII_, xvi, 678.

[99] _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, iii, 107.

[100] Cf. _infra_ Ch. vii.

[101] _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, iii, 124.

[102] _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, iii, 114.

[103] Exchequer Augmentation Office: Miscellaneous Books, Vol. 400, p. 108–9.

[104] _Salt Collections_, viii, 195, 197.

[105] _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, iii, 110.

[107] Cf. _infra_ Appendix iv.

[108] Cf. _infra_, p. 145.

[109] _Salt Collections_, N.S., iv (13 Edw. IV).

[110] _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, iii, 113.

[111] _Salt Collections_, xi, 322.

[112] _Cal. Pat. Rolls, Edw. I_, 1292–1301, p. 253 (cf. pp. 248, 252); _Pat. Rolls_, 15 Edw. II (_Salt Collections_, xi, 299).

[113] _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, iii, 108.

[114] _De Banco Roll_, Hilary 10–11, Edw. III (_Salt Collections_, xi, 72).

[115] _Supra_, p. 21.

[116] _Letters and Papers, Henry VIII_, viii, 56.

[117] _Ibid._, viii, 682.

[118] Wright’s _Letters_, p. 114.

[119] _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, iii, 142.

[120] _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, iii, 57.

[121] Wright’s _Letters_, 156.

[122] Wright’s _Letters_, 157.

[123] Wright’s _Letters_, 93.

[124] _Ibid._, 95.

[125] _Letters and Papers_, ix, 517.

[126] _Ibid._, x, 364.

[127] _Ibid._, x, 1088.

[128] _Letters and Papers, Henry VIII_, Vol. X, 1238. [Gairdner, _English Church_, does not include Tutbury in his list on p. 420.]

[129] Cf. _Dict. Nat. Biog._, xlviij, 123.

[130] _Ibid._, xlvj, 135.

[131] _Ibid._, ix, 363.

[132] _Letters and Papers_, x, 613.

[133] _Letters and Papers_, x, 741.

[134] _Ibid._, 749.

[135] _Letters and Papers_, x, 886.

[136] _Ibid._, 754.

[137] _Ibid._, 1178.

[138] _Letters and Papers_, x, 324.

[139] _Letters and Papers_, xii, Pt. II, 638.

[140] _Ibid._, xii, Pt. I, 1104; Pt. II, 1008(1), 456, 411 (2) and (12); xiii. Pt. II, 456, 364, 343, 370.

[141] _Ibid._, xii, Pt. I, 819.

[142] _Letters and Papers_, xii, Pt. II, 531.

[143] _Letters and Papers_, xiii, Pt. I, 456.

[144] Cf. _infra_, p. 186.

[145] Cf. _infra_, pp. 175, 227, 233, 240, 272–6.

[146] _Letters and Papers_, xii, Pt. II, 611.

[147] _Letters and Papers_, xiii, Pt. I, 1520.

[148] Public Record Office, _State Papers, Dom., Henry VIII_, Vol. 120, No. 143.

[149] _Letters and Papers_, xiii, Pt. II, 44, 56, 61.

[150] _Ibid._, 170.

[151] _Letters and Papers_, xiii, Pt. II, 49.

[152] _Ibid._, 50.

[153] _Ibid._, 44.

[154] _Letters and Papers_, xiii, Pt. II, 79.

[155] _Ibid._, 56 (Aug. 9, 1538).

[156] _Letters and Papers_, xiii, Pt. II, 56.

[157] _Ibid._

[158] _Letters and Papers_, xiii, Pt. II, 61.

[159] Wright’s _Letters_, 203, 204.

[160] Burnet, iv, 490.

[161] _Letters and Papers_, xiii, Pt. II, 281.

[162] Wright’s _Letters_, 143.

[163] _Letters and Papers_, xiii, Pt. I, 317.

[164] _Ibid._, Pt. II, 164.

[165] _Ibid._, 1051.

[166] _Letters and Papers_, xiii, Pt. II, 652.

[167] _Ibid._, 736.

[168] _Ibid._, 1143.

[169] _Letters and Papers_, xiii, Pt. II, 168; Wright’s _Letters_, 267, 270.

[170] Wright’s _Letters_, 282.

[171] Wright’s _Letters_, 267.

[172] Wright’s _letters_, 278.

[173] _Letters and Papers_, xiii, Pt. II, 343.

[174] Public Record Office, Exchequer Augmentation Office, No. 247.

[175] _Ibid._, No. 206 (_Letters and Papers_, xiii, Pt. II, 364).

[176] Public Record Office, Exchequer Augmentation Office, No. 66 (_Ibid._, 370).

[177] Public Record Office, Ministers’ Accounts, Divers Counties, No. 230, Bundle 61 (Accounts of John Scudamore, membrane 6): “Nuper Monasterii de Roucester--de precio trium campanorum nuper Monasterii de Roucester remanentium in Campanilia Ecclesiae parochialis ibidem non de eo quod parochiani de Roucester predicta Clamant easdem campanas sibi et parochianis ibidem pertinere et remanere super clamentium suum quousque determinentur coram Cancellario et Consilio Curiae Augmentationis etc. Si dictum clamentium verum sit necne quia easdem campanas occupabuntur et usi fuerunt tam per nuper Religiosos quam eciam per parochianos de Rocester predicta pulsandas ad divina servicia et aliter. Summa nulla.”

[178] Exchequer Augmentation Office, Miscellaneous Books, Vol. 172.

[179] Appendix, iii, iv, v.

[180] _Letters and Papers_, xiii, Pt. II, 586.

[181] _Ibid._, 628.

[182] _Letters and Papers_, xiii, Pt. II, 627.

[183] _Ibid._, 634 (Exchequer Augmentation Office, 220).

[184] See the Inventory in Appendix v.

[185] _Letters and Papers_, xiii, Pt. II, 656.

[186] Sleigh’s _Leek_, p. 64. “Cole’s MS., 26, 246, contains the Deposition of John Whitney, late Chamberleyne to the last Abbot of Dieulacresse, taken 8 Jany., 7^o Elizh. Hereby it appeared that 4 or 5 days after the suppression of that Abbey, several Blanks, having the Covent-sealle, were seene by the Deponent, the Abbot and others being privy. Upon these blanks Wm. Damport, the Abbot’s Scribe, wrote _Leases_, with Ante-Dates: and among the rest one was the Lease and Reversion of the Mannour of Poultone.”

[187] Wright’s _Letters_ 282.

[188] _Ibid._ 286.

[189] _Ibid._ 206.

[190] _Letters and Papers_, xiii, Pt. II, 1233.

[191] _Ibid._, xvi, 745.

[192] _Ibid._, ix, 971; cf. _supra_, p. 83 _n._

[193] _Ibid._, xiii, Pt. II, 1051.

[194] _Ibid._, 1052.

[195] Cf. Appendix xii, xiii, where many interesting details are given of the journey and the whole business.

[196] Cf. Appendix v.

[197] Cf. Appendix iii.

[198] Cf. Appendix v.

[199] Cf. Appendix iv.

[200] Cf. Appendix vi, vii, viii.

[201] _History of England_, i, 41 n.

[202] Cf. Appendix v, vi.

[203] Cf. _supra_, pp. 154, 155.

[204] _Supra_, p. 39.

[205] Cf. Appendix iii.

[206] Cf. Appendix iv.

[207] Cf. Appendix v.

[208] _Monasticon_, v, 383.

[209] Cf. _supra_, p. 164.

[210] Bazin’s novel, translated into English under the title of _The Nun_, describes the suppression of a French nunnery in recent years, and the after-history of the sisters. It is very instructive.

[211] Wright’s _Letters_, 243.

[212] Sleigh’s _Leek_, 140.

[213] _Ibid._, 64. He left his chalice of silver-gilt to his “servant and nephew Nicholas Whitney,” stipulating that if the Abbey were ever restored the chalice should be returned to it.

[214] His rent-roll of lands which he continued to manage, dated Oct. 6th, 34 Hen. viij, is in the William Salt Library at Stafford (Box 145).

[215] _Letters and Papers, Henry VIII_, xvi, 617.

[216] _Ibid._, App. i.

[217] _Letters and Papers, Henry VIII_, xvi, 866.

[218] _Ibid._, 324.

[219] _Letters and Papers, Henry VIII_, xvi, 745, 425, 258.

[220] _Letters and Papers, Henry VIII_, xiii, Pt. ii, 1220.

[221] Cf. _supra_, p. 34.

[222] _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, iii, 128 (printed “Glaston”).

[223] Printed in _Annales Monastici_, Vol. I (1864). Another copy is in the Library of the Dean and Chapter of Lichfield.

[224] Addit. MS., 23, 944. See App. xiv.

[225] British Museum, Royal MS., 15, B, iv.

[226] Cottonian MS., Vespasian E., xxiv, cxv.

[227] Wright’s _Letters_, p. 71. Strype, Vol. I, pt. i, p. 324.

[228] Wright’s _Letters_, 291.

[229] _Letters and Papers_, xii, Pt. I, 767: Dr. Pole to Bp. Lee (Mar. 29th, 1537), “I know none within your diocese of seditious opinions touching the bishop of Rome or favourable to the late insurrections.”

[230] A kind of figured linen.

[231] _i.e._, cooling pans.

[232]? Cyfus or Cyphus = a drinking-cup.

[233] _i.e._, flagons.

[234] _i.e._, spit.

[235] _i.e._, a small handmill for grinding mustard.

[236] _i.e._, a basket or other vessel for clearing away the remains of a meal.

[237] _i.e._, iron.

[238] _i.e._, ornamented with work illustrating the Nativity of Christ.

[239] _i.e._, lavatory

[240] _i.e._, saucepan.

[241] _i.e._, an iron hook for hanging a pot over the fire.

[242] _i.e._, coolers.

[243] _i.e._, cistern.

[244] _i.e._, seven score and nineteen = 159.

[245] A fother = 19½ cwt.

[246] _i.e._, vats.

[247] _i.e._, sanctus bell.

[248] beer coppers (wort = new unfermented beer).

[249] _i.e._, time allowed, respite, credit; cf. Chaucer, _The Franklin’s Tale_, l. 847, “bysecheth ... to graunte him dayes of the remenaunt.”

[250] _i.e._, dormitory.

[251] “Walter Charnels” was Bailiff of the town of Burton (cf. _supra_, p. 90).

[252] _i.e._, cushions.

[253] _i.e._, treasurer.

[254] Sir William Paget was Clerk of the Signet and Privy Councillor, afterwards Baron Paget of Beaudesert (cf. _Dict. Natl. Biog._, xliii, 60).

[255] Public Record Office. Particulars for Grants, 10 Jan., 37 Hen. viii. Sir William Paget.

Request to exchange (_1_) [_lined through_]. Lands appointed unto the King by Sir Will. Paget, _viz._, farm of the manor or late hospital of Kepeyere (Durham); (_2_) [_lined through_] in exchange for farm of the manor of Nantwich; farm of the demesne of Burton-on-Trent with site of the late college, and the demesne lands pertaining.

[Kepier is described in the Aug. Off. Misc. Book, 400, as being in the county of York: it is in Easington Ward, co. Durham. The Hospital there was surrendered and granted to Sir William Paget 36 Hen. viij.]

[256] Cf. _supra_, pp. 158, 168.

[257] William Scudamore was John Scudamore’s son. He acted as Clerk to Robert Burgoyn, one of the Commissioners for Northamptonshire, etc. (cf. Wright’s _Letters_, p. 281).

[258] _i.e._, never.

[259] John Lambert had held this office under the Abbey at the time of _Valor Ecclesiasticus_ (cf. _supra_, p. 90).

[260] The details of the expenses incurred by Goodrick and Scudamore in the journey from London to Burton and back are most interesting, showing as they do the cost of meals, etc., at the various places where they stayed. It may be compared with the “book of accounts” of Lenthall, auditor of the attainted lands, in his journey from London to the North in 1541. (_Letters and Papers_, xvi, 1490.)

[261] One of Cromwell’s men was named Thomas Palmer (cf. _Letters and Papers_, xiv, Pt. I, 1039, 1060).

[262] Brickhill is near Fenny-Stratford.

[263] _i.e._, Daventry.

[264] [lined through in original.]

[265] [lined through in original.]

[266] John Williams had been one of Cromwell’s agents so long ago as 1536 at least. In that year he had been deputed with Sir John Clark (Commissioner of the Peace in Oxfordshire) and George Gifford to investigate a complaint which had been lodged against Sir John Browne that his mill “doth annoye the Kinges other Subgiettes ... in the surunding and overflowing of their groundes.” (_Letters and Papers_, xi, 446; cf. 227, 353, 888.) He had also been one of the Commissioners of the Dissolution, and had visited Bury St. Edmund’s, Ely, Winchester, Hyde, Eynsham, and Notley (Bucks.). (Cf. Wright’s _Letters_, pp. 145, 147, 220, 233, 235.)

[267] This was a common name for the Bible down to the fourteenth century.

[268] Four homilies on the text, “missus est angelus” (St. Luke i, 26), composed by St. Bernard about the year 1120 (cf. Morison, p. 49).

[269] A treatise on the Ten Commandments.

[270] Probably ascribed wrongly to St. Augustine instead of to St. Ambrose.

[271] _Epistola Augustini ad Iulianum comitem._

[272] Hugh of St. Victor, near Paris (A.D. 1097–1141). His works include _In Ecclesiasten homiliae_, _de Institutione Novitiorum_, and _Mystica archae Noe descriptio_. See also Note 19 _infra_.

[273] See last note.

[274] _Expositio in beatum Job, seu Moralium libri xxxv_, by Pope Gregory the Great.

[275] _Dialogorum libri iv de vita et miraculis patrum_, by the above.

[276] _Scintillarum seu sententiarum catholicorum Patrum_, a collection of extracts from the Fathers, by Defensor, a monk of Ligugé, near Poitiers, who lived about 800 A.D.

[277] _Liber Regulae Pastoralis_, by Pope Gregory.

[278] _Libri duo in Evangelia_, viz., 40 Homilies on the Gospels for the day, by the above.

[279] _Beati immaculati_, _i.e._, Ps. cxix.

[280] See Note 6 _supra_.

[281] The work of Albertus Magnus (1193–1280) with this title can have been hardly yet written when the list was drawn up. The “book” is therefore more probably _Paradisus Heraclidis_, the oldest Latin version of the _Lausiac History_ of Palladius.

[282] There was a Robert, Abbot of Burton from 1150 to 1159, when he was deposed. In 1175 he was re-elected, and died in 1177.

[283] _Synonyma de lamentatione animae peccatricis_, by St. Isidore of Seville (died 636). The book in question is a dialogue between Homo, bewailing his sinfulness, and Ratio, teaching him aright.

[284] St. Ephraem Syrus (died _c._ 373), a voluminous writer.

[285] _Liber Prognosticorum futuri saeculi_, by Julian of Toledo, died 690.

[286] An English writer, born at Hexham, 1109, Abbot of Rievaulx, died 1166. He wrote many historical and theological works, the latter in the style of St. Bernard.

[287] _De Eruditione Didascalica_, by Hugh of St. Victor, in six books. It is a kind of encyclopædia of sciences, and obtained for its compiler the title of Didascalus or Teacher.

[288] St. Prosper, of Aquitaine, born _c._ 403.

[289] A monk of Burton named Martin is mentioned in the time of Abbot Bernard (1160–75) in the Burton Chartulary.

[290] Briennius, monk and subprior, of Burton, in the time of Abbot Robert (1150–77), is mentioned in the Burton Chartulary.

[291] St. Ivo of Chartres, died 1115.

[292] _i.e._, _Leviticus_ with notes.

[293] Radbertus was Abbot of Corbie, near Amiens, from 844 to 851. The book which is here named was one of the early arguments in favour of “transubstantiation.”

[294] _i.e._, Account Book.

[295] Geoffrey was Abbot of Burton from 1114 to 1150. His life of St. Modwen is mentioned _supra_, p. 220.

[296] By St. Jerome.

[297] Joannes Eleemosynarius, or Misericors, Patriarch of Alexandria, 609–616; the original patron saint of the Hospitallers.

[298] “The quires or gatherings of which the book was formed generally consisted, in the earliest examples, of four sheets folded to make eight leaves” (_Encyclopædia Britannica_, xviij, 144), hence “quaternio” or quarto.

[299] St. Martha the Egyptian.

[300] _Historia Apostolica ex Luca expressa_, a poem in Latin hexameters, which is described as bad in style and treatment, filled with far-fetched metaphors and wearisome digressions. Arator lived in the middle of the sixth century and his poem is dedicated in flattering terms to Pope Vigilius.

[301] See Note 17 _supra_.

[302] See Note 23 _supra_.

[303] _i.e._, Chapter Books.

[304] St. Caesarius of Chalons, died 542. He wrote a large number of “sermons,” which show a wide knowledge of the Bible and are eminently practical.

[305] _Villicus Iniquitatis_--the unjust Steward (cf. St. Luke xvj. 8, Vulgate).

[306] See Note 9 _supra_.

[307] Perhaps (^1) _Apollonius of Tyre_, a Greek love-story of the 3rd or 4th century, perhaps translated into Latin verse in the fifth century, and re-translated into Latin prose in the twelfth or thirteenth century. An ancient Anglo-Saxon translation was printed by Thorpe in 1834. Gower’s _Confessio Amantis_ (Bk. viij) is an adaptation of it, and it is also one of the sources of Shakespeare’s _Pericles_. The earliest English version now known was made in 1510 from the French. (See _Encyclopædia Britannica_, Vol. XX, p. 635.) (^2) Or, _The Life of Apollonius of Tyana_, by Philostratus (born _c._ 175 A.D.).

[308] Hugh, the eighth Abbot of Reading, who founded, in the year 1190, a hospital for twenty-six poor people and for the entertainment of travellers.

Transcriber’s Notes:

1. Obvious printers’, punctuation and spelling errors have been corrected silently.

2. Where hyphenation is in doubt, it has been retained as in the original.

3. Some hyphenated and non-hyphenated versions of the same words have been retained as in the original.

4. Superscripts are represented using the caret character, e.g. D^r. or X^{xx}.

5. Italics are shown as _xxx_.