Chapter VI: The Establishment of the Monarchy (7)

The account of the war with Zobah given above is the most probable
that can be gleaned from the scanty and fragmentary notices that have
been preserved to us. But it must be remembered that it is probable
only. It is not even certain that ‘the Syrians that were beyond the
river’ (2 Sam. x. 16) were not the Aramæans of Damascus rather than
those of Mesopotamia, since, as Professor Hommel has shown (_Ancient
Hebrew Tradition as illustrated by the Monuments_, pp. 195 _sqq._) the
term _Ebir Nâri_, ‘Beyond the river,’ is already used in an Assyrian
poem (K. 3500, l. 9) of the age of David, in the Assyro-Babylonian
sense of the country westward of the Euphrates. Indeed, Professor
Hommel suggests that it already denoted the country westward of the
Jordan. This, however, is inconsistent with 2 Sam. x. 17; and west of
the Jordan, moreover, there were no Aramæan kingdoms.

Footnote 492:

The Chronicler (1 Chron. xviii. 8) has preserved the true form of the
name of Tibhath, which has been corrupted into Betah in 2 Sam. viii.
8. It is the Tubikhi of the Tel el-Amarna tablets, the Dbkhu of the
geographical list of Thothmes III. (No. 6). Instead of Berothai the
Chronicler has Chun.

Footnote 493:

1 Chron. xviii. 8.

Footnote 494:

Hadoram, the older form of the name, is found only in 1 Chron. xviii.
10. The text of the books of Samuel has the Hebraised Joram.

Footnote 495:

Salamanu appears as Shalman in Hos. x. 14, as Sulmanu in
Assyro-Babylonian. Sulmanu was the god of Peace, like Selamanês in a
Greek inscription from Shêkh Barakât in northern Syria, whose name is
also found in a Phœnician inscription from Sidon (Clermont-Ganneau,
_Bibliothèque de l’École des Hautes Études_ CXIII., vol. ii. pp. 40,
48).

Footnote 496:

This is usually supposed to mean that they were tortured in various
ways, but more probably it means only that they were made public
slaves and compelled to cut and saw wood, harrow the ground, and make
bricks. At all events, if tortures are referred to, no parallel to
them can be found elsewhere. As the crown is said to have weighed ‘a
talent’ it can hardly have been worn by an earthly king.

Footnote 497:

2 Sam. viii. 13. In 1 Chron. xviii. 12, however, the victory is
ascribed to Abishai, the brother of Joab.

Footnote 498:

2 Sam. viii. 13, where the mention of ‘the valley of salt’ shows that
we must read ‘Edom’ instead of ‘Aram,’ as indeed is done by the
Chronicler as well as in the superscription of Ps. lx. and in the
Septuagint. The ‘valley of salt’ was part of the Melukhkha or
‘Saltland’ of the cuneiform inscriptions.

Footnote 499:

2 Sam. xxiii. 37, 36, 34.

Footnote 500:

1 Kings xi. 21.

Footnote 501:

This was Ithra who ‘went in’ to Abigail, the daughter of Nahash, the
sister of Zeruiah, Joab’s mother (2 Sam. xvii. 25). The form of
expression may imply that Abigail was seduced. If so, the hostility of
Joab would be easily accounted for.

Footnote 502:

It is probable that ‘Shobi the son of Nahash of Rabbah of the children
of Ammon’ (2 Sam. xvii. 27) was a brother of the last king of Ammon,
and it is even possible that he may have been the cause of the
Ammonite war. If he had been a rival of his brother Khanun, and had
received shelter and protection from David, we should have an
explanation of the otherwise gratuitous insult offered by Khanun to
the ambassadors of the Israelitish king.

Footnote 503:

That the forest was on the eastern bank of the Jordan is plain from
Josh. xvii. 15-18 and 2 Sam. xix. 31.

Footnote 504:

It is called Abel-Maim, ‘Abel of the Waters,’ in 2 Chron. xvi. 4,
compared with 1 Kings xv. 20. In 2 Sam. xx. 14, we should perhaps
read, ‘And all the young warriors’ (_bakhûrîm_ for _bêrîm_) ‘were
gathered together,’ as the Septuagint has ‘all in Kharri,’ and the
Vulgate ‘viri electi.’

Footnote 505:

2 Sam. xxiv. 6, according to Lucian’s recension of the Greek
translation (‘Khettieim Kadês’). See Field, _Origenis Hexaplorum quæ
supersunt_, i. p. 587.

Footnote 506:

2 Sam. xix. 29. Ziba, the steward of Mephibosheth, who was lame, had
accused his master of aiming at the kingdom, and David had accordingly
given him all Mephibosheth’s property. David not only had believed the
accusation, but in spite of Mephibosheth’s protests and excuses, must
have continued to do so, since Ziba, so far from being punished, was
allowed to retain half his master’s possessions. The Jewish historian
evidently takes a different view from that of David, and regards the
accusation as false. Mephibosheth is more correctly written Merib-Baal
in 1 Chron. viii. 34; ix. 40.

Footnote 507:

‘Adriel, the son of Barzillai the Meholathite’ (2 Sam. xxi. 8), cannot
be the same as Phaltiel or ‘Phalti the son of Laish of Gallim’ (1 Sam.
xxv. 44), to whom Saul had given Michal after David’s flight, and from
whom David afterwards took her (2 Sam. iii. 16). As Michal never seems
to have subsequently left the harîm of David (2 Sam. vi. 23), it would
appear that the name of Michal in 2 Sam. xxi. 8 must be a mistake for
that of some other daughter of Saul.

Footnote 508:

See 2 Sam. xxiv. 23, where the Septuagint has ‘Orna(n) the king.’ The
various spellings of the name Araunah, Araniah (2 Sam. xxiv. 18), and
Ornan (1 Chron. xxi. 15) show that it was a foreign word, the
pronunciation of which was not clear to the Israelites. Araniah is an
assimilation to a Hebrew name.

Footnote 509:

2 Sam. xxiv. 6.

Footnote 510:

In 1 Kings v. 3, 4, the reason why David could not build the temple is
given a little differently. It is there stated to have been because of
the constant wars in which he was engaged which prevented him from
securing the needful leisure for the work. This reason, however, does
not apply to the latter part of David’s reign.

Footnote 511:

The Chronicler (1 Chron. xviii. 16) reads Shavsha, apparently through
a confusion with the later Sheva (2 Sam. xx. 25). However, the
Septuagint has Sasa in 2 Sam. viii. 17, and the two scribes of Solomon
at the beginning of his reign were the sons of Shisha (1 Kings iv. 3).

Footnote 512:

The genealogy of the high priests is involved in a confusion which
with our present materials it is hopeless to unravel. In 1 Sam. xiv.
3, Ahimelech is called Ahiah, and in 2 Sam. viii. 17, as well as in
the document used in 1 Chron. xxiv. (verses 3, 6, and 31), he is made
the son of Abiathar instead of his father. In 1 Chron. xviii. 16, the
name is transformed into Abimelech, and in 1 Chron. xxiv. Ahimelech
and Abiathar are stated to have been descended from Ithamar the son of
Aaron, and not from his brother Eleazar. That the genealogy in 1
Chron. vi. 4 _sqq._ is corrupt is evident not only from the repetition
of the triplet Amariah, Ahitub, and Zadok in verses 7, 8, and 11, 12,
but also from the statement that Azariah four generations after Zadok
‘executed the priest’s office’ in Solomon’s temple. In 1 Chron. ix.
11; Neh. xi. 11, again, the order is ‘Zadok the son of Meraioth the
son of Ahitub,’ whereas in 1 Chron. vi. 7, 8, and 52, 53, it is Zadok
the son of Ahitub the son of Amariah the son of Meraioth.

Footnote 513:

Hadoram (2 Chron. x. 18) is written Adoram in 2 Sam. xx. 24, and
Adoniram in 1 Kings iv. 6. Adoni-ram is a Hebraised form of the
original name Addu-ramu, ‘Hadad is exalted.’ His father’s name, Abda,
has an Aramaic termination. An early Babylonian seal-cylinder in the
collection of M. de Clercq has upon it the name of Abdu-ramu.

Footnote 514:

See above, p. 92.

Footnote 515:

1 Chron. xxvii. 25-32.

Footnote 516:

The Jewish historian includes among those who refused to go with
Adonijah the otherwise unknown Shimei and Rei (1 Kings i. 8). They are
referred to as well-known personages, implying that the writer must
have had before him a large collection of documents relating to the
history of the time, most of which have now perished.

Footnote 517:

As Barzillai was already eighty years of age at the time of David’s
flight (2 Sam. xix. 35), the death of David could not have happened
very long after that event. That Joab and Abiathar were still vigorous
implies the same thing. As for the authenticity of David’s dying
instructions, there is no reason to question it. A later writer is not
likely to have gratuitously credited them to David; and inconsistent
though they may seem to us with David’s piety, they were in full
keeping with his character as well as with that of other Israelites of
his age. If they had been falsely ascribed to David by Solomon’s
admirers after the murder of Joab and Shimei, Adonijah also would have
been included among the victims.

Footnote 518:

_E.g._ Ps. lx.

Footnote 519:

_E.g._ Ps. cviii.

Footnote 520:

See my Hibbert Lectures on the _Religion of the Ancient Babylonians_,
pp. 348-356. Thus we read:—

‘O lord, my sins are many, my transgressions are great!
O my goddess, my sins are many, my transgressions are great!

The sin that I sinned I knew not.
The transgression I committed I knew not.
The cursed thing that I ate I knew not.
The cursed thing that I trampled on I knew not.
The lord in the wrath of his heart has regarded me;
God in the fierceness of his heart has revealed himself to me.

I sought for help and none took my hand;
I wept and none stood at my side;
I cried aloud and there was none that heard me.
I am in trouble and hiding; I dare not look up.
To my god, the merciful one, I turn myself, I utter my prayer;

O my god, seven times seven are my transgressions; forgive my
sins!
O my goddess, seven times seven are my transgressions; forgive my
sins!’

Footnote 521:

See above, p. 175.

Footnote 522:

_Cont. Ap._ i. 17, 18.

Footnote 523:

The single reigns are:—(1) Hiram for thirty-four years; (2) Baleazor
for seven years according to the Armenian version of Eusebius and the
Synkellos, seventeen years according to Niese’s text of Josephus; (3)
Abdastartos nine years; (4) Methuastartos twelve years; (5) Astarymos
nine years; (6) Phelles eight months; (7) Eithobalos or Eth-Baal
thirty-two years (forty-eight years according to Theophilus _ad
Autolyc._ III.); (8) Balezor six years (seven years according to
Theoph., eight years according to Euseb. and the Synk.); (9) Matgenos
twenty-nine years (twenty-five years according to the Arm. Vers. of
Euseb.); (10) Pygmalion forty-seven years.

Footnote 524:

_I.e._ seventy-two years after the foundation of Rome; Trogus Pompeius
_ap._ Justin. xviii. 7; Oros. iv. 6. Velleius Paterculus (i. 6) makes
it seven years later.

Footnote 525:

See 1 Kings xii. 18. For the forced labour or _corvée_ see 1 Kings v.
13, 14.

Footnote 526:

The Vatican manuscript of the Septuagint has a wholly different list
from that of the Hebrew text, Baasha the son of Ahithalam taking the
place of Azariah as Vizier, Abi the son of Joab being
commander-in-chief, and Ahira the son of Edrei tax-master, while
Benaiah remains commander of the bodyguard as in David’s reign. The
list is perhaps derived from a document that belonged to the early
part of Solomon’s reign. The Syriac reads Zakkur for Zabud, the royal
chaplain; but Zabud is supported by the Vatican Septuagint, which
makes him the chief councillor. For the reading ‘army’ or ‘bodyguard’
instead of the senseless πατριᾶς in iv. 6, see Field, _Origenis
Hexaplorum quæ supersunt_, i. p. 598.

Footnote 527:

See Hommel, _The Ancient Hebrew Tradition_, pp. 252 _sqq._

Footnote 528:

The papyrus in which the history of the expedition is recorded is
preserved in the Hermitage at St. Petersburg, and has not yet been
published. Mr. Golénischeff, its discoverer, however, has given me a
verbal account of it.

Footnote 529:

There is no gold in Southern Arabia, and consequently Ophir must have
been an emporium to which the gold was brought for transhipment from
elsewhere. The mines were probably at Zimbabwe and the neighbourhood,
where Mr. Theodore Bent made important excavations. For the site of
Ophir, which may have been near Gerrha in the Persian Gulf, see Sayce
in the _Proceedings_ of the Society of Biblical Archæology, June 1896,
p. 174.

Footnote 530:

1 Kings v. 16. These taskmasters must be distinguished from the 550
(or 250 according to 2 Chron. viii. 10) who superintended the work in
Jerusalem itself (ix. 23), on which no Israelites were employed, but
only native Canaanites (ix. 21, 22). The Chronicler makes the
overseers of the preparatory work 3600 in number (2 Chron. ii. 18),
the _corvée_ itself consisting of 150,000 men.

Footnote 531:

See my article in the _Quarterly Statement_ of the Palestine
Exploration Fund, 1883, pp. 215-223, where I have staked the
justification of my views on the discovery of the ‘stairs’ near the
spot where the rock-cut steps have been found by Dr. Bliss (_Ibid._
1896-97). Dr. Guthe first noticed that a shallow valley once existed
between the Temple-hill and the so-called ‘Ophel.’

Footnote 532:

The columns were 18 cubits high (1 Kings vii. 15), though the
Chronicler (2 Chron. iii. 15) makes them 35 cubits or 52-1/2 feet. The
_khammânîm_ or ‘Sun-pillars,’ dedicated to the Sun and associated with
the worship of Asherah and Baal, are often referred to in the Old
Testament (2 Chron. xxxiv. 4; Is. xvii. 8, etc.), and are mentioned in
a Palmyrene inscription.

Footnote 533:

A translation of the hymn is given in my Hibbert Lectures on the
_Religion of the Ancient Babylonians_, pp. 495, 496; see also p. 63.

Footnote 534:

Layard, _Monuments of Nineveh_, i. plate 7A.

Footnote 535:

See above, p. 196.

Footnote 536:

Herod. i. 181.

Footnote 537:

See Ball, _The India House Inscription of Nebuchadrezzar_ in the
_Records of the Past_, new ser., iii. pp. 104-123.

Footnote 538:

1 Kings viii. 2. In vi. 38, however, it is said that the work was not
completed until the eighth month of the year, the Phœnician Bul.

Footnote 539:

To these the Chronicler adds ‘Beth-horon the Upper’ (2 Chron. viii.
5). Possibly the two Beth-horons were fortified in connection with the
reservoirs which Solomon is supposed to have constructed in order to
supply Jerusalem with water. Baalath was, strictly speaking, in Dan
(Josh. xix. 44). The Latin form Palmyra comes from Tadmor by
assimilation to _palma_, ‘a palm.’ The change of _d_ to _l_ in Latin
words is familiar to etymologists, and the initial _p_ for _t_ is
paralleled by _pavo_, ‘a peacock,’ from the Greek ταὧς (Persian
_tâwûs_). One of the Septuagint MSS. has Thermath for Tadmor, but in
the ordinary text the whole passage is omitted.

Footnote 540:

Thus ‘Beth-horon the Upper’ is omitted in the verse, and the words ‘in
the land’ (of Judah) have been transposed to the end of it, instead of
coming as they should after ‘Baalath.’

Footnote 541:

_Records of the Past_, new ser., i. p. 115.

Footnote 542:

1 Kings iv. 33. That books are meant, and not lectures such as were
given to his subjects by the Egyptian king Khu-n-Aten, seems evident
from verse 32, compared with Prov. xxv. 1.

Footnote 543:

‘The enemies of Assur,’ says Assur-natsir-pal, he ‘has combated to
their furthest bounds above and below’ (_Records of the Past_, new
ser., ii. p. 136); ‘Countries, mountains, fortresses, and kinglets,
the enemies of Assur, I have conquered,’ says Tiglath-pileser I.
(_Records of the Past_, new ser., i. p. 94).

INDEX.

A

Aaron, 34, 134, 162, 165, 201, 215, 218, 221, 223, 245.

Abarim, 7, 226, 244.

Abdiel, 13, 38.

Abdon, 322.

Abel (city), 436.

Abel-mizraim, 98.

Abesukh (Abishua), 13.

Abi, 459.

Abiah, 355.

Abiathar, 348, 381, 388, 391, 431, 443, 444, 445, 447, 455.

Abibal, 410, 411, 437, 452, 453, 462.

Abiel, 399.

Abi-ezrites, 305, 307, 309, 311.

Abigail, 384, 401, 431.

Abimelech, 242, 306, 310, 316 _sq._

Abimelech of Gerar, 63.

Abinadab, 348, 352, 398.

Abinoam, 299, 303.

Abishag, 445, 455.

Abishai, 384, 408, 417, 426, 432, 436.

Abishar, 459.

Abital, 401.

Abner, 371, 374 _sq._, 436.

Abraham, etymology of, 33, 34.
age of, 143.

Abram (Abi-ramu), 13, 38, 128.

_abrêk_, 87.

Absalom, 146, 401, 429 _sq._, 448.

Abulfarag, 95.

Achan, 251.

Achish, 378, 385, 389.

Achshaph, 259.

Adam (city), 248.

Adino, 406.

Adoni-bezek, 267.

Adonijah, 401, 445, 446, 447, 455.

Adoni-zedek, 254.

Adoram. _See_ Hadoram.

Adriel, 439.

Adullam, 379, 405.

Agag, 367.

Ahiah. _See_ Ahimelech.

Ahijah, 373, 376, 476.

Ahimaaz, 369, 431, 433, 459.

Ahimelech or Ahiah, 348, 363, 365, 378, 381, 443.
the Hittite, 384.

Ahinoam, 369.
wife of David, 384, 401.

Ahira, 459.

Ahitophel, 430, 432.

Ahitub, 348, 349, 353, 443.

Ahmes, 148.
‘Captain,’ 89, 92, 95.

Aholiab, 198.

Ai, 14, 247, 251, 254, 258, 269.

Aijalon, 257, 363.
in Zebulon, 322.

Akiamos, 292, 293.

Aleppo, 421.

Alexander the Great, 185.

Allon-bachuth, 298.

_alûphîm_, 67, 224.

Amalek, city of, 367.

Amalekites, 43, 46, 186, 189, 215, 230, 234, 247, 289, 303, 307, 322,
367, 386, 391, 392, 395, 426.

Amasa, 431 _sq._

amber, 475.

Ameni, 175, 231.

Amenôphis, 173, 174.

Amenôphis, IV. or Khu-n-Aten, 155, 287.

Ammi, 13, 39, 413.

Ammi-satana (dhitana), 12.

Ammiya, 229.

Ammi-zadoq, 7, 13, 14, 39, 40.

Ammo, 40, 228.

Ammon, 13, 39, 44, 227, 289, 358, 401, 417 _sq._, 427, 457.

Ammonites, 322, 323, 398, 432.

Amnon, 401, 429.

Amon, 156, 158, 237.

Amorites, 2, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 20, 21, 24, 38, 42 _sq._, 56, 57, 231,
252, 264, 285, 292, 353, 415.

Amram, 162.

Amraphel (_see_ Khammu-rabi), 12, 24, 117, 126, 128, 147, 149, 295.

Amu, 6.

Amurru (Amorites), 15, 30, 42.

Anab, 266.

Anakim, 41, 53, 294, 370.

Anath, 295.

Anathoth, 237, 455.

angels, Babylonian, 194.

Ansarîyeh, 37.

Anu, 295, 350.

Anuti, 3.

Aperu, 3.

Aphek, 261, 262, 346, 387, 391.

Apophis, 23, 85, 95, 99, 148.

Apuriu, 2, 173.

Ar, 44, 227.

Arad, 182, 217, 257, 263, 329.

Aram, 368, 401, 417, 473, 478.

Aramaic, 34 _sq._

Araunah, 441.

Arba, 53.

Argob, 227, 322.

_ariel_, 416.

Arioch (_see_ Eri-Aku), 11, 24, 26, 58, 128.

ark, 196 _sq._, 346 _sq._, 354, 413, 456, 468.

Arnon, 43, 222, 223, 226.

Aroer, 392, 393.

Arphaxad, 143.

Arrian, 185.

Arumah, 318.

Arvad, 231, 285, 461.

Asahel, 400.

Asenath, 84.

Ashdod, 292, 293, 349, 351.

Asher, 78, 248, 304, 311, 314.

Asherah (Asratu), 15, 241, 274, 307, 468.

Ashkelon, 56, 159, 292, 396.

Ashtaroth-Karnaim, 24, 41, 223, 227.

Ashurites, 401.

Asshurim, 7, 223, 231.

Assur-bil-kala, 231.

Assur-irbi, 231, 437.

Assur-natsir-pal, 359, 478.

Assyrians, 21, etc., 418, 451.

Astruc, 105.

_asyla_, 235, 236.

Aten-Ra, 156.

Atonement, day of, 134.

Aup, 229.

Avaris, 23, 173.

Avim, 294.

Azariah, 459.

Azekah, 369.

Azmaveth, 445.

B

Baal, 308.

Baalath of Judah, 471.

Baal-berith, 283, 310.

Baale-Judah, 413.

Baal-hanan, 356, 445.

Baal-Peor, 233, 244.

Baal-perazim, 407.

Baal-zephon, 181.

Baanah, 404.

Baasha, 459.

Baba, 93.

Babylon, 11, 12.

Babylonia, 2, etc.
kings of, 12, 147.

Babylonian law, 57 _sq._
ritual, 204.

Bad-makh-dingirene, 26.

Baethgen, 306.

Balaam, 40, 132, 224, 228 _sq._, 234.

Balak, 228.

Balawât, 197, 202.

Barak, 296 _sq._, 311.

Baring-Gould, 195.

Barzillai, 439, 447.

Bashan, 24, 223, 227, 235, 322, 457.

Bastian, 31.

Bath-sheba, 263, 424, 429, 445, 446.

Baxter, 135.

Beer, 318.

Beeroth, 252, 404.

Beer-Sheba, 64, 353.

Bela, son of Beor (_see_ Balaam), 224.

Belbeis, 96, 154, 171.

Benaiah, 416, 443, 446, 462.

Ben-Hadad, 420, 451.

Beni-Yaakan, 221.

Benjamin, 76, 79, 253, 268, 275 _sq._, 303.

Ben-Oni, 79.

Bent, 463.

Berger, 34.

Berothai, 423.

Beth-Anoth, 285.

Beth-barah, 312, 317, 318, 319.

Beth-car, 352.

Beth-el, 69, 70, 81, 247, 253, 277, 298, 345, 353, 354, 363.

Beth-horon, 255, 471, 472.

Beth-lehem, 81, 264, 268, 275, 279, 338, 369, 371, 377.

Beth-lehem in Zebulon, 322.

Beth-On, 70, 79, 86, 253, 363.

Beth-Rehob, 420.

Beth-Shean, Beth-Shan, 247, 252, 296, 394

Beth-Shemesh, 351, 352.

Bethuel, 65.

Beybars I., Sultan, 249.

Bezek, 247, 267, 359.

Bint-Anat, 161.

Birch, 185.

Bissell, 110.

Bliss, 255, 256, 410, 466, 467, 475.

Boaz, 394.

Boaz, (a column), 467.

Boeckh, 453.

Briggs, 105.

Brinton, 42.

Browne, Sir Th., 201.

Brugsch, 3, 93, 149, 150, 179, 180.

Brünnow, 4.

Bubastis, 154.

Budde, 226, 290, 297.

Bul (month), 469.

Burna-buryas, 21.

C

Caleb, 246, 256, 263 _sq._, 269, 287, 392, 394, 397.

calendar changed, 178.

camels, 169.

Canaan, 2, 8, 11, 21, 34, 131, 159, 160, 217.

Canaanitish. _See_ Hebrew.

Caphtor, 291.

Carchemish, 19, 40, 55, 228, 285, 419, 472.

Carmel of Judah, 285, 383.

Carthage, 288, 453.

Casdim, 8.

census, 210, 440.

Chabas, 3.

Chærêmôn, 174.

Chedor-laomer, 11, 24, 26, 128.

Chemosh, 40, 44, 416, 478.

Chephirah, 252.

Cherethithes, 392.

Cheyne, 304, 305.

Chileab, 401.

Chinnereth, 259.

Chronicles, books of, 140.

chronology, 142 _sq._, 211, 451.

Chun, 423.

Chushan-rishathaim, 286, 287.

circumcision, 31, 165, 250.

Clercq, de, 202.

Clermont-Ganneau, 29, 52, 249, 252, 346.

copper, 474.

Cornill, 343.

Cornwall, 474.

Covenant, book of, 101, 136, 196.

cuneiform characters, use of in Israel, 244, 339.

Cushite wife of Moses, 215.

Cyprus, 230, 285, 474.

D

Dagon, 294, 349, 350.

Damascus, 25, 28, 368, 373, 421, 423, 438, 462, 477.

Dan, 76, 80, 248, 254, 263, 280, 294, 304, 320, 330.
Camp of, 279, 280.

Dangin, Thureau-, 10.

Daressy, 14, 223.

David, 146, 369 _sq._
City of, 465, 466.

Day of Atonement, 208.

Debir (king), 254.

Debir (city), 265.

Deborah, 81, 295 _sq._
Song of, 273 _sq._

Dedan, 45.

Delitzsch, Friedrich, 148, 419.

Deluge—story, 122 _sq._

Derketô, 292.

Deuteronomy, 101, 219, 238 _sq._

Dhi-Zahab, 222.

Dibon, 79.

Diktynna, 294.

Dinhabah (Dunip), 37, 224.

Diodoros, 96, 97, 184.

Dodah, 416.

Doeg, 356, 381.

Dor (_Tantûra_), 247, 252, 259, 261, 294, 313, 387, 457.

Driver, 143.

Dungi, 60.

Dusratta, 287.

Dussaud, 37.

E

Ebal, 242, 243.

Ebed-Tob, 3, 28, 29, 128, 254, 266, 441.

Ebed-Asherah, 229.

Eben-ezer, 346, 352, 354.

Eber, 7, 231, 285.

Ebers, 86.

Ebir-nâri, 7, 8, 231, 423.

Ebronah, 7, 221.

Ecclesiasticus, book of, 137.

Edar, tower of, 82.

Edom, 39, 66 _sq._, 120, 132, 155, 182, 189, 190, 222, 224, 230, 288,
356, 368, 401, 426, 427, 442, 454, 463, 477.

Edom (god), 413.

Edrei, 227.

Egibi, 69.

Eglah, 401.

Eglon (king of Moab), 289 _sq._

Eglon (city), 254, 256.

Egypt, 2, etc., 418.

Egyptians in Israel, 288.

Ehud, 290.

Eisenlohr, 151.

Ekron, 351, 371.

El, 46.

Elah, 226, 369, 371, 374.

Elath, 66, 182, 187, 427, 464.

Elam, 5, 11, 12, 24, 26.

Eleazar, 221, 406, 443.

El-hanan, 356, 369, 372.

El-Hîba (in Egypt), 418.

Eli, 219, 340 _sq._, 381, 443, 455.

Eliab, 459.

Eliadah, 421.

Eliak, 459.

Elijah, 189.

Elim, 182, 187.

Elimelech, 4.

Elishah (Cyprus), 285.

El-Kab, 89, 92, 93.

Elkanah, 339.

Ellasar (Larsa), 25, 138.

Elon, 321.

El-Paran, 187, 226.

embalming, 96, 97.

Emim, 24, 41, 43.

Endor, witch of, 389.

En-gedi, 383.

En-hakkorê, 327, 328.

En-Mishpat (Kadesh-barnea), 191, 215, 220.

Enna (Egyptian writer), 83.

En-rogel (the Fuller’s Well), 446.

ephod, 72, 283, 316.

Ephraim, 76, 79, 253, 303, 313 _sq._, 322 _sq._, 325 _sq._, 334, 335,
338.

Ephrathite, 338.

eponyms, 451.

Erman, 89, 90, 91, 198, 212, 223.

Erech, 11, 12.

Eri-Aku (Arioch), 11, 12, 25, 27, 59.

Esar-haddon, 208, 225.

Esau, 66 _sq._, 74.

Esh-Baal, 368, 393, 398 _sq._, 417, 430, 444.

Eshcol, 216.

Eshtaol, 279, 326.

Eshtemoa, 264.

Etana, 328.

Etham, 180, 187.

Ethanim (month), 469.

eunuchs, 86.

Eurafrican race, 43.

Ewald, 305.

Ezion-geber, 182, 221, 427, 464.

Ezra, 132, 134.

Ezri, 445.

F

Feast of Trumpets, 208.

Fenkhu, 2, 6.

festivals, 194.

firstborn claimed by Baal, 206.

G

Gaal, 318.

Gad (tribe), 76, 80, 227, 232, 235.

Gad (prophet), 345, 380, 388, 440, 442.

Galilee, 467.

gardens, zoological and botanical, 473.

Gath, 266, 351, 378, 386, 408, 413, 414, 432.

Gaza, 180, 258, 292, 293, 294, 328.

Geba, 352.

Gebal, 94, 461.

Gedor, 265.

George Syncellus, 95.

Gerar, 63.

Gerizim, 243, 317.

Geshur, 227, 368, 401, 427, 457.

Gezer, 120, 159, 247, 252, 253, 256, 257, 408, 460, 462.

Gibeah, 275 _sq._, 352, 353, 357, 358, 361, 366, 369, 377, 380, 387,
412, 439.

Gibeon, 252, 254, 352, 353, 436.

Gibeonites, 253, 259, 404, 438, 475.

Gideon (Jerub-baal), 232, 305 _sq._

Gihon, 446, 466.

Gilboa, 387, 393, 396, 399, 404.

Gilead, 227, 235, 304, 312, 322 _sq._, 368, 432, 447, 457.

Gilgal, 250, 261, 290, 353, 357, 360, 361, 366, 367.

Gilgames, Epic of, 123.

Gimil-Sin, 10.

Girshin, 37.

Glaser, 7, 119, 459.

Gob, 408.

Goldziher, 226.

Golénischeff, 175, 291, 294, 313, 461.

Goliath, 353, 356, 369 _sq._, 375, 378, 408.

Gomer (Kimmerians), 131.

Goodwin, 181.

Goshen, 95, 150, 153, 158.

granaries, 92.

Gray, Buchanan, 198.

Greene, Baker, 187.

Gudea, 164, 207.

Gudgodah, 221.

Guthe, 409, 467.

H

Hachilah, 384.

Hadad (god), 15, 241.

Hadad (king), 146, 356, 427, 477.

Hadad, son of Bedad, 232.

Hadad-ezer, 368, 417, 418, 420, 421, 424.

Hadar, 427.

Hadashah, 286.

Hadoram (Adoram), 444, 452, 457, 458, 464.
or Joram, 254, 423.

Hadrach, 419.

Haggith, 401.

Ham (Ammon), 25, 41.

Hamath, 254, 421, 423, 472, 478.

Hamor, 75.

Hannah, 339.

Har-el, 50.

Harosheth, 296, 299, 300.

Harran (Kharran), 8, 9, 15, 65, 71, 350.

Hashmonah, 221.

Hathor, 88.

Haurân, 368, 419.

Havilah, 190, 367.

Havoth-Jair, 227.

Hayman, 243.

Hazeroth, 214.

Hazor, 248, 258, 259 _sq._, 296 _sq._

Heber, 299, 304.

Hebrew language, 35 _sq._

Hebrews, 1, etc., 362.

Hebron, 4, 23, 53, 81, 149, 236, 254, 264, 265, 285, 289, 373, 397,
398, 401, 402, 403, 405, 429.

Helam (Aleppo), 422.

Heliopolis (On), 85, 99, 154, 171.

Hepher, 261, 262.

Herodotos, 14, 31, 96, 468.

Heshbon, 43.

Hesy (_see_ Lachish), 255.

Hexateuch, 100.

Hezekiah, 225.

high-priests, 219, 315.

Hilprecht, 10.

Hinnom, valley of sons of, 409, 466.

Hiram, 410, 452, 453, 462, 463, 464, 465, 480.

Hir-Hor, 461.

Hittites, 14, 21, 22, 29, 40, 54 _sq._, 94, 159, 160, 262, 274, 284,
285, 300, 418, 420, 437, 471, 472, 473, 474.

Hitzig, 300, 378.

Hivites, 262, 274.

Hobab, 213.

Hoffmann, 37.

Hoham, 254.

Hommel, 5, 7, 26, 29, 34, 45, 80, 119, 148, 151, 164, 198, 231, 291,
321, 423, 459.

Hophni, 340.

Hor, 182, 221.

Horam, 256.

Horeb, 164, 189.

Hormah (or Zephath), 215, 217, 258, 392.

hornet, the, 286, 293.

Horites, 2, 24, 66, 74, 159.

horse, the, 90.

Huldah, 297.

Hûleh (Lake Merom), 259, 261.

Hushai, 430, 432, 458.

Hyksos, 6, 22, 69, 83, 84, 85, 90, 95, 99, 148, 154, 174, 212.

I

Ibleam, 252.

Ibzan, 322.

I-chabod, 348.

Iddo, 345.

Inê-Sin, 10, 11.

Ira, 444.

Ir-Shemesh, 285.

Isaac, 46, 62 _sq._
age of, 143.

Ishbi-benob, 408.

Ishmael, 34, 38, 66, 76.

Ishmaelites, 46.

Ishui, 398, 399.

Israel, etymology of, 73.

‘Israelites’ in Egyptian, 159, 172.

Issachar, 80, 252, 296, 297, 303, 313, 314, 321.

Istar (Ashtoreth), 161, 188.

Ithamar, 340, 443.

Ithream, 401.

Ittai, 432.

Iye-ha-Abarim, 225.

J

Jaazer, 227.

Jabesh-gilead, 277, 278, 358, 394.

Jabez, 263.

Jabin, 259 _sq._, 296, 300.

Jachin (column), 467.

Jacob, 67 _sq._

Jacob-el, 13, 38, 68 _sq._, 128.

Jacob’s Well, 75.

Jael, 301, 302, 304.

Jaffa. _See_ Joppa.

Jair, 227, 322.

Jarmuth, 254, 255.

Jasher (Jashar), book of, 136, 257, 396.

Jashobeam, 406.

Jaziz, 445.

Jebus, 268.

Jebusites, 247, 264, 267, 409, 414, 441, 465.

Jedidiah (Solomon), 306, 425.

Jehdeiah, 445.

Jehoshaphat, 443, 458.

Jephthah, 322 _sq._, 335.

Jephthah-el, 326.

Jerahmeel, 263, 320, 386, 392, 393.

Jericho, 177, 248, 250, 258, 263, 289.

Jeroboam, 456, 476.

Jerub-baal (Gideon), 305 _sq._

Jerusalem, 3, 25, 28, 174, 246, 254, 257, 264, 268, 269, 275, 284, 286,
407, 408 _sq._, 441, 464, 470, 471, 480.

Jeshurun, 73, 191, 242, 244.

Jesse, 369, 371.

Jethro, 163, 186, 190.

Jezreel, 262, 384.

Joab, 399 _sq._

Joash, 305 _sq._, 445.

Jobaal, 318.

Jobab, 259.

Joel, 355.

Johanan, 261, 431, 447, 459.

Jonathan, son of Saul, 358, 360 _sq._

Jonathan, son of Moses, 281.

Jonathan, brother of Joab, 408.

Jonathan, son of Uzziah, 445.

Joppa (Jaffa), 294, 311, 410, 412.

Joram, 254.

Jordan, dried up, 249.

Joseph, 79, 82 _sq._

Joseph-el, 13, 38, 68, 128.

Josephus, 410, 421, 422, 452.

Joshebbashebeth, 406.

Joshua, 246 _sq._, 265, 270, 271, 287.

Jotham, 317.

Judah, 37, 76, 80, 258, 263, 264, 267 _sq._, 320 _sq._, 328.

judge (_shophêt_), 190, 288.

Justin, 30.

K

Kabzeel, 416.

Kadesh on the Orontes, 55, 80, 300, 419, 437, 442, 473.

Kadesh in Galilee, 236, 259, 261, 296, 298, 299.

Kadesh-barnea, 187, 189, 191, 215, 220, 221, 258, 267.

Kadmonites (_see_ Kedem), 162, 307.

Kainan, 143.

_kalbu_, 265.

Kallisthenes, 184.

Karians, 415.

Kastor, 293.

Kedem or Qedem (Kadmonites), 163, 306.

Keft, 378.

Keilah, 264, 382.

Kelt, 43.

Kenaz, 80, 263.

Kenites, or ‘Smiths,’ 214, 230, 263, 267, 288, 299, 320, 336, 386, 392.

Kenizzites, 264, 267, 286, 287, 289, 320.

Kennicott, 281.

Keturah, 45.

Kibroth-hattaavah, 214.

Kidron, 409.

king, law about the, 241.

Kirjath-jearim, 252, 279, 348, 352, 354, 412.

Kirjath-Sannah, 265.

Kirjath-Sepher, 265, 287, 330.

Kish, 356.

Kishon, 261, 297, 300, 303, 304, 310, 356.

Kittel, 306.

Kohath, 338.

Korkha, 286.

Kretans, 415, 428, 443.

Krete, 293, 294, 320.

Kudur-Laghghamar. _See_ Chedor-laomer.

Kudur-Nankhundi, 12.

Kush, 161.

Khabirâ, 5.

Khabiri, 3, 4, 254, 266, 284, 286.

Khalaman, 422.

Khammu-rabi (Amraphel), 11, 12, 13, 25, 27, 45, 59, 68, 71.

Khanun, 417, 432.

Khar (Horites), 2, 159, 160, 192.

Kharran. _See_ Harran.

Khetem (Etham), 180, 181, 187.

Khubur, 5.

Khu-n-Aten (Amenôphis IV.), 156, 157.

L

Laban, 36, 71 _sq._

Laban (god), 18.

Lachish, 20, 120, 248, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 267, 475.

Laish, 248, 259, 280 _sq._

Lakhmu, 81.

Lapidoth, 297.

Larsa (Ellasar), 11, 12, 25, 27, 28, 117, 138.

lawgiver, the, 121.

Leah, 71.

Lebanon, 11.

Lehmann, 60.

Lemuel, 13.

Lenormant, Fr., 473.

Lepsius, 454.

Levi, 76, 80, 134, 201.

Levite, story of the, 275 _sq._

Levite of Ephraim, 279 _sq._

Levites, 218 _sq._, 234, 239, 243, 378, 413.
cities of, 235 _sq._, 282.

Libnah, 255.

Libyans, 20, 42, 159, 171, 172, 175, 212.

Lihyanian, 35.

Lindl, 25.

Lot, 39, 44.

Lotan, 2.

Luz, 81.

Lycians, 415.

Lydians, 292, 293.

M

Maachah, 227, 417, 436.

Maachah wife of David, 429.

Maachah or Maoch of Gath, 378, 379.

Machir, 76, 121, 144, 227, 303, 313.

Machpelah, 53, 97.

Madai, 131.

Madon, 259.

Mafkat (Sinaitic Peninsula), 163, 182, 186.

Mahanaim, 73, 398, 400, 432, 457.

Mahler, 151.

Makkedah, 255, 257, 304.

Malcham or Milcom, 426.

Malik (Moloch), 11.

Mamre, 23, 216.

Mâ’n. _See_ Minæans.

Manasseh, 76, 77, 281, 311, 391, 406.
kingdom of, 306.

maneh or mina, 60, 252.

Manetho, 149, 151, 173, 212, 330.

Maoch. _See_ Maachah.

Maon, 383.

Maonites (Minæans), 321.

Maqrîzî, 93, 129.

Marah, 187.

Mariette, 148.

_marna_, 294.

marriage by capture, 277.

Martu (Moreh), 20, 21, 42, 44.

Maspero, 23, 85, 93, 95, 129, 151, 160, 163.

Massah, 214.

Max Müller, W., 22, 266, 378.

Maxyes, 362.

Megiddo, 247, 252, 259, 296, 304, 310, 387.

Meholah, 439.

Meissner, 8, 60.

Melchi-shua, 399.

Melchizedek, 25, 28, 128.

Melkarth, 315, 463, 467.

Melukhkha, 163, 190, 367, 427.

Memphis, 14.

Menander, 185, 410, 452, 480.

Meneptah, son of Ramses II., 22, 64, 94, 96, 149, 150, 154, 155, 159,
160, 170 _sq._, 175, 178, 185, 212, 291, 361, 374.

Men-kheper-Ra, 418.

Mephibosheth (Merib-Baal), 404, 438.

Merab, 374.

Mer’ash, 10.

Meribah, 214, 220.

Merib-Baal (Mephibosheth), 307, 404, 438.

Merom, 259, 262.

Meroz, 274, 304.

Mesopotamia, 284.

Messianic psalms, 450.

_messu_, 161.

Messui or Messu, 161, 215.

_metheg-ammah_, 414.

mice, 351.

Micah, 278.

Michal, 374, 384, 413, 439.

Michmash, 349, 353, 361, 362, 366.

Midian, 32, 45, 163, 190, 213, 232 _sq._, 263, 306 _sq._

Migdol, 180, 181, 184.

Millo, 319, 466, 476.

Minæans (Mâ’n), 7, 34, 45, 119, 198, 459, 460.

Minos, 293.

Miriam, 162, 214, 223.

Mitanni, 17, 18, 284 _sq._, 300, 419, 462.

Mizpah, 36, 245, 262, 324, 345, 352, 353, 358.

Moab, 223, 226, 232, 289, 368, 381, 415, 457.

Moabite Stone, 146, 416.

Mopsos, 292.

Moreh, 21, 44.

Moriah, 49, 51, 465.

Moseley, H. N., 31.

Moseroth or Mosera, 220.

Moses, 161 _sq._, 281.
songs of, 243.
death of, 244.

Mount of the Lord, 50.

Müller, D. H., 35, 231.

Muzri, 183.

N

Nabal, 383.

Nabatheans, 40, 419.

Nabonassar, 12.

Nabonidos, 16.

Nadab and Abihu, 207.

Naharaim (Mesopotamia), 17, 40, 284 _sq._

Nahash (of Ammon), 358, 417, 432.

Nahash (aunt of Joab), 431.

Nahor, 18, 19.

Nahshon, 145.

Naioth (‘the monastery’), 342, 344, 376.

name changed, 32.

Naphtali, 80, 311, 457.

Naram-Sin, 24, 188.

Nathan, 345, 412, 425, 442, 445, 446, 456, 458.

‘Nations’ (Goyyim), 26.

Naville, 95, 129, 149, 153, 154, 183.

Nebat, 476.

Nebo, 245, 343, 416.

Nebuchadrezzar, 196, 197, 288, 418, 468, 469.

Negeb, the, 246, 254, 257, 269, 329, 392.

Ner, 398, 399.

Nethinim, the, 354, 475.

Neubauer, 37, 162, 224, 302, 476.

Nile, 88, 93, 94.

Nin-ip, 29, 441.

Nin-Marki, 15.

Nin-Martu, 59.

Noah, 123, 124, 126.

Noam, 299.

Nob, 237, 349, 353, 369, 372, 378, 380, 408, 438, 444.

Nobah, 227.

O

Obed-Edom, 413.

Obil, 445.

Oboth, 225.

Og, 43, 224, 227.

On (Heliopolis), 85, 86, 154, 174.

Ophel, 466, 467.

Ophir, 463.

Ophrah, 283, 305, 307 _sq._, 338.

Oppert, 148.

Oreb, 312.

Oros, 173.

Osarsiph, 174.

Osiris, 223.

Othniel, 256, 263, 266, 287 _sq._

P

Padan (-Aram), 16, 17, 69.

Pa-ebpasa, 179.

palace of David, 452.

palace of Solomon, 465.

Palestine, name of, 398.

Palmyra (Tadmor), 471, 472, 473.

Paran, 186, 213, 383.
mount of, 189.

Passover, the, 176 _sq._

peacocks, 474.

Peiser, 8, 59, 60, 71, 148.

Pella, 259.

Peniel, or Penuel, 73, 312.

Perizzites, or ‘fellahin,’ 228.

Pethor, 40, 228.

Petra, 188, 214, 233.

Petrie, Flinders, 20, 21, 56, 60, 151, 159, 170, 255.

Phaltiel, 384, 439.

Pharaoh, etymology of, 97.

Phichol, 64.

Philistines, 64, 180, 257, 291 _sq._, 320, 326 _sq._, 335, 437.

Philo Byblius, 46.

Phinehas, 145, 215, 233, 275, 443.

Phineas son of Eli, 340, 348.

Phœnician alphabet, 119.

Phœnicians, 2, 30, 35, 94, 454, 467.

Phœnician sacrificial tariffs, 204, 205, 206.

Pi-hahiroth, 181.

Pinches, 12, 13, 26, 60, 68, 70, 295.

Pinon. _See_ Punon.

Piram, 255, 256.

Pirathon, 322.

Pithom (Pi-Tum), 149, 150, 153, 154, 155, 166.

plagues, the ten, 167 _sq._

Pliny, 97.

Plutarch, 184.

polygamy, 316, 428.

Porphyry, 306.

Potiphar’s wife, 83.

Potipherah (Potiphar), 84, 86.

Priestly Code, the, 101, 103, 106.

prophet, the, 341 _sq._

Ptah-hotep, 98, 118.

Puah, 321.

Punon or Pinon, 225, 226.

Pur-Sin, 20.

Q

Qarantel, mount, 250.

Qedem. _See_ Kedem.

Qos, 356.

Qosem (Goshen), 95, 153, 154.

Quê, 419, 473.

R

Raamses (Rameses or Ramses), 150.

Rabbah, 44, 227, 228.

Rabbath-Ammon (Rabbah), 417, 424, 426, 432.

Rab-saris, the, 86.

Rab-shakeh, the, 459.

Rachel, 71, 81, 82.

ram in sacrifice, 52.

Ramah, 298, 344, 346, 349, 352, 357, 367, 376.

Ramathaim-zophim, 338, 352.

Ramath-lehi, 327, 328.

Rameses or Raamses, city of, 179.

Ramoth of the South, 392.

Ramoth-Gilead, 457.

Ramsay, W. M., 237.

Ramses or Rameses I., 150, 153, 158.

Ramses II., 4, 55, 64, 78, 148, 149, 150, 154, 180, 223, 266, 379, 415,
464.

Ramses III., 3, 4, 67, 150, 171, 222, 224, 285, 291, 292.

Ramses IV., 3, 212.

Ramses VI., 186.

Rassam, Hormuzd, 197.

Rechab, 404.

‘Red Sea,’ the, 182.

refuge, cities of, 235.

Rehob, 420.

Rehoboam, 452.

Rei, 446.

Reisner, 15.

Rekem, 233.

Rephaim, 24, 41, 227.
plain of, 407.

Rephidim, 189.

Reshpu, 413.

resurrection, 210.

Reuben, 77, 80, 227, 232, 235, 289, 303, 392.

Reuel, 63.

Rezon, 147, 421, 437, 452, 462, 477.

Rib-Hadad, 94, 284, 306.

Rimmon (god), 15, 30, 299.

Rimmon (Benjamite), 404.
rock of, 277.

Rizpah, 402, 439.

Rowlands, J., 215.

Ruth, 263, 394.

S

Saba or Sheba, 119, 163, 219.

Sabæans, in Babylonia, 13.

Sabbath, Babylonian etymology of, 193, 208.

Sachau, 19.

sacrifices, 197 _sq._
Babylonian, 197.
human, 46 _sq._, 324.

Saft-el-Henna (Goshen), 96, 153, 154.

Sakea, Babylonian feast of, 209.

Salem or Jerusalem, 28, 268.

Salimmu, god of peace, 28.

Salma or Salmon, 394.

Samâla or Samalla, 36, 231.

Samaritans, 100, 103.

Samson, 327 _sq._

Samsu-iluna, 45.

Samuel, 242, 245, 335 _sq._, 365 _sq._, 389.

sanctuary, central, 240.

Saph, 459.

Sardinians, 293.

Sargon of Akkad, 10, 20, 161.

Sarid, 303.

Saul, 146, 190, 356 _sq._

Saxon conquest of Britain, 252, 269, 271.

scapegoat, the, 48.

Scheil, 12, 27.

Schliemann, 475.

Schumacher, 223.

scribes, 121.

‘sea’ in the temple, 468.

Sebaita (Zephath), 215.

seer. _See_ prophet.

Seir, 24, 66, 67, 74, 162, 171, 188, 222.

Seirath, 290.

Selamanês, 425.

Sennacherib, 137, 152, 257, 260, 359, 383.

Septuagint, 136, 154.

Seraiah, 443, 444.

seraph, 225.

serpents, bronze, in Babylonia, 225, 353.

Set, 165.

Sethos (Ramses), 174.

Seti I., 2, 158, 216.

Seti II., 83, 98, 151, 178, 180, 185.

Set-Nubti, 148.

Shalman, 425.

Shamgar, 295, 301, 320.

Shamir, 321.

Shammah, 406.

Shapher, 221.

Shasu, 67, 171, 217, 222.

Sharon, 261.

Shavsha, 443.

Sheba (Benjamite), 435, 436, 440.

Sheba or Saba, 45, 119, 163, 321, 459, 460.

Shechem, 22, 75, 76, 262, 269, 270, 283, 309, 316 _sq._

shekel, 60.

Shelomith, 207.

Shem (Babylonian Sumu), 13.

Shemesh-Edom, 413.

Shephatiah, 401.

shepherd, 90.

Sheth, 230.

Sheva, 443, 444.

shewbread, 197, 468.

_shibboleth_, 325.

Shiloh, 269, 270, 275, 277, 281, 283, 320, 333, 334, 337, 339, 344
_sq._, 352, 353, 378, 444, 476.

Shimei (Benjamite), 430, 438, 439, 447, 455.

Shimei (official of David), 445, 446.

Shimron, 259.

Shimron-meron, 260.

Shinar, 11, 25.

Shisha, 443, 444, 458.

Shishak, 84, 252, 263, 453, 476, 477.

Shobach or Shophach, 418, 421.

Shobi, 432.

Shunem, 387, 445.

Shur, 181, 183, 187, 190.

Siddim, 24, 30.

Sidon, 259, 262, 274, 280, 321.

Sihon, 43, 224, 226.

Siloam, pool of, 466.

Simeon, 76, 80, 263, 320, 329, 392.

Sin (moon-god), 9, 16, 188.
desert of, 188, 189.

Sinai, 164, 188, 302.
mount, 188, 191 _sq._

Sinaitic Peninsula, 163, 182, 186, 187.

Sin-idinnam, 12, 27.

Sinjerli, 19, 36, 138.

Sinuhit, 162.

Sippara (Sepharvaim), 14, 57.

Sisera, 261, 296 _sq._

slave, penalty for murder of, 194.

Smith, G. A., 36.

Socho or Socoh, 265, 369.

Sodom, 25, 30.

Solomon, 146, 306, 425, 445, 447, 452 _sq._
proverbs of, 138.

sphinx, 88.

Spinoza, 105.

Stade, 103, 278, 409.

Stone of Job, 223.

Strabo, 185.

Strassmaier, 59, 197.

strikes, 166.

Subarti, 5, 16.

Succoth, 150, 155, 179, 180, 181, 312.

Suez Canal, 212.

Sumu-abi, 13.

Suphah, 222.

Suru (Syria), 16.

Sutekh, 22, 23, 85, 148.

Sutu or Sutê, 230, 289.

Suweinît, Wâdi, 362.

T

Taanach, 247, 252, 261, 296, 304.

Taberah, 214.

tabernacle, the, 196 _sq._, 353, 414.

tables of the law, 202.

Tabor, 299, 309, 310.

Tadmor, 471, 472.

Tahtim-hodshi, 300.

Takmonite, 406.

tale of the two brothers, 83.

Talmai, 401, 429.

Tamar (wife of Judah), 82.

Tamar (daughter of David), 429.

Tamar (city of), 471.

Tappuah, 261, 262.

Tarkhu, 19.

tartan, the, 374, 443.

Tatian, 105.

Tatnai, 8.

tattooing, 200, 241.

Teie, 155, 158.

Tel el-Amarna, 2, etc.
tablets of, 113 _sq._

Tel el-Maskhûta, 149, 154, 166.

Tema, 45, 459.

Teman, 189.

temple, when built, 145, 412.
of Solomon, 464, 467 _sq._

Terah, 18, 19.

teraphim, 72, 80, 279.

Thapsacus (Tiphsakh), 472.

Thebes in Egypt, 461.

Thebez, 319.

Themistokles, 237.

Thothmes III., 20, 41, 50, 55, 68, 80, 84, 98, 175, 217, 237, 259
_sq._, 280, 300, 311, 323, 413, 423, 473.

Thothmes IV., 88.

Thukut (Succoth), 149, 155, 179, 180, 181.

Tiamat, 125.

Tibhath, 423.

Tid’al, 12, 24, 26, 128.

Tiglath-pileser I., 231, 419, 461, 474, 478.

Tiglath-pileser III., 138, 230, 281, 424, 425, 451, 459, 460.

Tiglath-Ninip, 418.

Timnath-heres, 271.

tin, 474.

Tirzah, 261.

tithe, 29.

Tob, 323, 417.

Toi or Tou, 423.

Tola, 321.

Tomkins, H. G., 20, 80, 81, 84, 259, 300.

Travels of the Mohar, 266, 416.

tribes, the twelve, 77.

Trumbull, Clay, 176, 215, 350.

Tubikhi (Tibhath), 423.

Tudghula. _See_ Tid’al.

Tumilât, Wâdi (Goshen), 95, 153, 154, 155.

Tunip (_see_ Dinhabah), 65.

Tyre, 274, 288, 315, 410, 457, 462, 463, 465, 467, 480.

Tyropœon valley, 466.

U

Ubi (Aup), 229.

Umman-Manda, 26.

Unger, 454.

Ur of the Chaldees, 8, 9, 11, 16, 60, 127, 209.

Uriah, 424, 425.

Urim and Thummim, 72, 198, 388.

Usous, 66.

Uzzah, 413.

V

Virey, 92, 99.

von Luschan, 36.

W

Warburton, Bishop, 210.

Ward, J., 23.

wedges of gold, 252.

Wellhausen, 103, 145, 297, 300.

Welsh laws, 288.

Wessely, 175.

Wiedemann, 194, 239.

Wilbour, 93.

Wilcken, 175.

Winckler, 148, 183, 266.

Wolf, 104, 121.

Wright, Bateson, 104.

X

Xanthos, 293.

Y

Yabniel, 256.

Ya’di, 37, 80, 231.

Yahveh, 34, 47, 164.

Yahveh-Shalom, 308, 310.

Yahveh-yireh, 49.

Yaphia, 255.

Yâm Sûph (_see_ Suphah), 180, 181, 182, 183, 185, 188, 427.

Yaudâ or Yaudû, 37, 80.

Year of Jubilee, 208.

Yeud, 46.

Z

Zabdi, 445.

Zabsali (Zamzummim), 11, 41.

Zadok, 145, 431, 443, 444, 446, 455, 459.

Zahi, 2.

Zakkal. _See_ Zaqqal.

Zalmon, 319.

Zalmonah, 225.

Zalmunna, 312.

Zambesi, 474.

Zamzummim, 11, 25, 41, 43, 138.

Zanoah, 264.

Zaphnath-paaneah, 89, 174.

Zaqqal or Zakkal, 5, 291, 293, 294, 313, 387, 388, 412, 457.

Zared, 226.

Zaretan, 248.

Zaru, 179, 181.

Zebah, 312, 368, 401.

Zebud, 459.

Zebul, 318, 319.

Zebulon, 121, 303, 311, 321.

Zeeb, 312.

Zelah, 358, 439.

Zelophehad, 144, 207.

Zephath (Hormah), 217, 246, 257, 258, 329, 392.

Zeruiah, 400, 431.

Ziba, 438.

Ziklag, 386, 389, 391, 392.

Zimrida, 256.

Zin, 220.

Zion, 410, 466.

Ziph, 382, 384.

Zippor, 228.

Zipporah, 163, 165, 215.

Zoan (Tanis), 23, 53, 90, 148, 149, 150, 460.

Zobah, 417, 419, 422, 427, 442, 454, 472, 477.

Zoheleth, 446.

Zorah, 279, 320, 326.

Zuph or Ziph, 338.

Zuzim, 11, 24, 25, 41, 138.

● Transcriber’s Notes:
○ Text that was in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).
○ Footnotes have been moved to follow the sections in which they are
referenced.