Chapter XII: Edward II (2)

Burnell, Robert, 216, 221

Cadwalader, 48

Cambuskenneth, 258

Campaign of 1301, 259

Camvill, Gerard, warden of Lincoln castle, 125

Camvill, Nicolaa de, 167

Canterbury, Archbishop of, his power, 60;
disputed election of the Archbishop at, 145

Castles, destruction of, by Henry II., 43

Celestine III., pope, 126

Chalus-Chabrol, castle of, 134

Chancellor, his duties, 66

Charles IV., King of France, 284

Charters, confirmation of the, 250;
reconfirmation of the, 252

Christianity in England, 59

Church, English, its history, 58;
national unity first realized, 59;
under the heptarchy, 59;
great power of the clergy, 60;
alliance with the State, 60;
effect of the Conquest on, 61;
policy of William I. regarding, 62;
in Stephen’s reign, 64;
quarrel of John with, 145;
plunder of the clergy, 152;
state of, in 1213, 151

Clare, Richard de (Strongbow), his conquests of Ireland, 91

Clare, Richard de, Earl of Gloucester, 197, 198;
his death, 201

Clarendon, council at, 76;
constitutions of, 76;
council at, 81;
assize of, passed, 81;
constitutions of, renounced, 91

Clement III., pope, 126

Clement V., pope, 254

Clergy, the, Stephen’s breach with, 20;
great power of, 61;
plunder of, 153;
representation of, under Edward I., 236;
relations of Edward I. with, 245;
taxation of, 246;
Edward I. quarrels with, 247

Clericis, Laicos, Bull, 247

Clerkenwell, council of, 105

Clifford, Roger, justiciar of Wales, 219

Coinage, debased by Stephen, 20

Commons, House of, 235

Comnenus, Isaac, King of Cyprus, 120

Comyn, John, Earl of Badenoch, 259, 261

Confirmatio cartarum, 86

Conquest, the effects of, on the Church, 61

Conrad of Hohenstaufen, 29

Conrad of Montferrat, 119

Conradin, 5

Consilt, battle of, 48

Constance of Brittany, 127

Constantia of France married to Eustace, 31

Constitutional crisis, 248, 249

Constitutional grievances in 1245, 180

Constitutions of Clarendon, 76;
renounced, 91

Corbeuil, William of, Archbishop, 15

Coronation, ceremony of, 47

Court of Common Pleas, 225

Court of Exchequer, 225

Court of King’s Bench, 225

Court of Rome, character of, 91

Coutances, Walter of, 127

Cowton Moor, 18

Crisis of 1258, 175;
why it was delayed, 189

Crusade, second, 29

Crusade, third, 105, 116

Crusade of Prince Edward, 215

Customs, the revenue, 231;
the new, 255

Danegeld, abolition of, 17, 58, 73

David I., King of Scotland, first invasion by, 17;
second invasion by, 19

David, son of Llewelyn, Prince of Wales, rebels against Edward I.,
219;
his death, 219

De Religiosis statute, 223, 246

Despenser, Hugh le, the baron’s justiciar, 199;
his death, 209

Despenser, Hugh le, the favorite of Edward II., 279;
sentence against, 277;
avarice and arrogance of, 284

Despenser, Hugh le, Earl of Winchester, hanged, 287

Dictum de Kenilworth, 209

Dunbar, battle of, 258

Durham, Bishop of, 114

Earls, appointment of, 20

Ecclesiastical school in the reign of Stephen, 64

Ecclesiastical quarrels, 247

Edmund of Abingdon, Archbishop of Canterbury, 179;
driven into exile, 185

Edmund of Cornwall, as regent, 238

Edmund, Earl of Kent, 288

Edward I., at the battle of Lewes, 205;
proclaimed king, 210;
joins the crusade, 210;
political education of, 212;
motives determining his crusade, 213;
his English policy, 213;
his idea of kingship, 214;
crusade of 1270, 215;
his accession to the throne, 216;
administration of the kingdom during his pilgrimage, 216;
his coronation, 217;
rebellion of the prince of North Wales, 218;
conquest of Wales, 219;
as a lawgiver, 220;
principles of his legislation, 222;
his legal reforms, 222;
parliamentary settlement of revenue on, 232;
his first parliament, 233;
national policy of, 237;
evil consequence caused by his absence, 237;
his claims upon Scotland, 239;
his relations with Philip IV., 243;
quarrel with Philip IV., 243;
consequences thereof, 244;
his relations with the clergy, 245;
quarrels with the clergy, 247;
resistance of his subjects, 248, 249;
dissatisfied with his subjects, 252;
quarrels with Archbishop Winchelsey, 254;
his relations with foreign merchants, 255;
concludes peace with France, 258;
marries Margaret, sister of Philip IV., 258;
truce concluded with Scotland, 258;
his new constitution for Scotland, 260;
his death, 261;
his character and motives, 262

Edward II., reactionary policy of, 263;
personal tastes and favorites of, 264;
his character, 264;
peace with Scotland, 266;
married to Isabelle of France, 267;
coronation of, 267;
controlled by the barons, 273;
his struggles in favor of Gaveston, 273;
changes in the administration, 274;
new favorites of, 278;
at war with the barons, 282;
his campaign in the north, 282;
truce concluded with Scotland, 282;
summoned to do homage to Charles IV., 284;
intrigues of the queen against, 285;
helplessness of, 286;
overthrow and deposition of, 287;
murder of, 288;
importance and significance of his reign, 288;
constitutional results of the epoch closing with his downfall, 290

Edward III., 287;
appointed governor of the kingdom, 288

Eleanor, daughter of Henry II., 99, 100

Eleanor de Montfort, wife of Llewelyn, Prince of Wales, 219

Eleanor of Aquitaine, 28;
her marriage with Henry II., 31;
resent on the death of her husband, 116;
her relations with John, 140;
her death, 143

Eleanor of Provence marries Henry III., 181

Eleanor, widow of William Marshall, her second marriage with Simon de
Montfort, 181

Election at Canterbury, 143

Evesham, battle of, 209

Exchequer under Henry I., 227

Empire, relations with the papacy, 3

England, importance of its work during this epoch, 5;
state of, during the absence of Henry II., 54;
under the heptarchy, 59;
national unity first realized, 59;
alliance with Germany, 80;
during the crusade, 122;
state of, on the death of Richard, 137;
separation from Normandy, 143;
laid under interdict, 149;
national inactivity of, 184;
at war with Scotland, 257;
truce concluded, 258

Essex, Earl of, 263

Eugenius III., 30

Eustace, son of Stephen, 31;
his marriage with Constantia of France, 31;
his death, 32

Ferrers, Earl of Derby, joins a league against Henry II., 94

Ferrers, William of, Earl of Derby, 197

Feudal laws, 50

Feudal lords, power of, 223

Finance, system of, during the reign of Edward I., 225

Fitz Osbert, William, 133, 134

Fitz Peter, Geoffrey, justiciar, 133, 153, 154

Fitz Urse, Reginald, 82

Fitz Walter, Robert, 159, 169

Flemings, invasion of Normandy by, 93

Foliot, Gilbert, 30

Foreign affairs in 1258, 176

France, alliance of, with Scotland, 259

Franconia, 6

Frederick I., Emperor, 3, 37, 71, 80, 117

Frederick II., Emperor, 3, 220;
marries Isabella, sister to Henry III., 181, 220

Frederick of Swabia, 117

French history, character of the epoch of, 2

Friscobaldi, the, 273

Fulk the Good, Count of Anjou, 161

Gascons, the rebellion of, 189

Gaveston, Piers, favorite of Edward II., 264;
his hatred of the earls, 270;
banishment of, 270;
recall of, 271;
his death, 274

Geddington, assembly at, 105

Geoffrey of Anjou, 14, 16, 25, 28

Geoffrey of Brittany, 103;
his death, 104

Geoffrey of Nantes rebels against his brother Henry II., 58

Geoffrey, son of Henry II., Archbishop of York, 127

Geographical summary, 6

German history, character of the epoch of, 3

Germany, 3;
condition of, under the early Plantagenets, 7;
alliance with England, 80

Giffard, Archbishop of York, appointed regent, 216

Gilbert, Earl of Gloucester, 204, 206, 208, 209;
swears fealty to Edward I., 216;
marries Johanna, daughter of Edward I., 239;
his death, 248

Gilbert of Vacœuil, 55

Gilbert, son of the Earl of Gloucester, regent, 272

Glanvill, Ranulf, the justiciar, 95, 103, 111, 116;
his death, 118

Gray, John de, Bishop of Norwich, elected Archbishop of Canterbury,
146

Gregory IX., pope, 185

Grosseteste, Robert, Bishop of Lincoln, 182, 185

Gualo, 160, 166, 170

Gwynneth, Owen, 50

Harclay, Sir Andrew, governor of Carlisle, 280;
execution of, 282

Hawisia, daughter of William, Earl Gloucester, 99;
wife of John, 142

Henry I., question of succession at his death, 12;
precautions taken by, 13;
competitors for the succession, 14;
his funeral, 16

Henry II., knighted at Carlisle, 31;
marries Eleanor of Aquitaine, 32;
his arrival in England, 32;
leaves England, 33;
importance attached to his succession, 34;
his youth and education, 35;
his character, 36;
his family policy, 36;
his great position in Christendom, 37;
mismanagement of his children, 38;
his personal appearance, 38;
early reforms of, 39;
his advisers, 41;
coronation of, 42;
disputes regarding the resumption of lands, 43;
surrender of the malcontents, 45;
frequent councils, 45;
second coronation of, 47;
first war against Wales, 49;
visits France, 49;
his foreign possessions, 49;
his relations with his vassals, 50;
his relations to the King of France, 50;
questions of boundary, 52;
personal questions, 52;
his true policy, 52;
crushes his brother Geoffrey’s rebellion, 53;
desists from attacking Toulouse, 53;
his children, 54;
conclusion of peace with Lewis VII., 54;
his legal reforms, 54, 55;
increase of national unity, 57;
his confidence in Thomas Becket, 67;
returns from France, 69;
second war with Wales, 70;
his disputes with Becket, 71-75;
appeal to the ancient customs, 75;
his motives, 76;
exasperated at Becket, 77;
his cruel measures towards Becket, 80;
third war with Wales, 80;
proceedings during the quarrel, 80;
reconciliation with Becket, 83;
perseverance in reform, 85;
training of the people in self-government, 87;
his political object in crowning his son, 90;
applies to the pope on Becket’s death, 91;
his penitence and absolution, 91;
quarrels with his son Henry, 93;
his success against Lewis VII., 95;
in France, 95;
his arrival in England, 96;
his policy, 97;
importance of this struggle, 98;
resumes his schemes, 99;
his visit to England, 100;
his last quarrel, 105;
at war with Philip II., 106;
his flight to Normandy, 107;
his last days, 107;
his death, 109

Henry III., 5;
character of the reign of, 161;
his character, 162;
division of his reign, 164;
his party, 166;
coronation of, 166;
his foreign policy, 173;
his personal administration, 174;
internal misgovernment, 174;
his first act, 175;
his ingratitude, 177;
his plan of governing, 180;
marries Eleanor of Provence, 180;
his unconstitutional means for raising money, 183;
his impolicy, 183;
his relations with the popes, 184;
accepts the kingdom of Sicily, 186;
his French transactions, 187;
visits France, 189;
his dynastic policy, 190;
political troubles of, 200;
the award of Lewis IX., 201;
its effects, 203;
military successes of, 204;
defeated at the battle of Lewes, 205;
conduct of the new government, 207;
defeats the barons at Evesham, 209;
his death, 210

Henry VI., Emperor of Germany, 122-129

Henry, Bishop of Winchester, 22, 24;
retires from court, 25

Henry, Earl of Lancaster, 284, 286

Henry of Essex, constable, 48, 71

Henry, son of Henry II., his marriage, 54;
coronation of, without his queen, 81;
second coronation of, with his queen, 92;
quarrels with his father, 92;
intrigues of, 100;
second revolt against his father, 103;
his death, 104

Henry, son of the King of the Romans, his death, 210

Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, his marriage, 80

Heraclius, patriarch, mission of, 104

Herbert, Bishop of Salisbury, 133

Hildebrandine revival, 62

History, human, various areas and stages of, 1;
under the early Plantagenets, 5

Hohenstaufen, drama of, 3;
empire of, 8

Honorius III., pope, 166

House of Commons, 235

House of Lords, 235

Hoveden, Roger, 35

Hugh de Gournay, 142

Hugh of Beauchamp, 104

Hugh of la Marche, 141

Hugh of Lincoln, 133

Hugh of Nunant, Bishop of Coventry, 131

Imported merchandise, taxes on, 221

Income tax, 55

Ingeburga of Denmark, 141

Innocent III., pope, 4, 133, 149, 150

Innocent IV., pope, 185

Interdict, England laid under, 149

Ireland, proposal to conquer, 45;
expedition of Henry II. to, 91

Isabella, betrothed wife of Hugh of la Marche, 141

Isabella of France, wife of Edward II., 268;
position and policy of, 282;
her intrigues in France, 285;
her triumphant march to the West of England, 286;
rule under, 288

Isabella, sister to Henry III., married to Emperor Frederick II., 180

Italy, condition of, 7

Itinerant judges first go their circuits, 90

Jerusalem, captured by Saladin, 106;
Richard’s march on, 121

Jews, persecution of, 112;
banished from England, 239

Jocelin de Bailleul, 76

Johanna, daughter of Henry II., marries Gilbert of Gloucester, 239

Johanna, daughter of Henry II., 99;
wife of William the Good, 119

John, son of Henry II., his marriage, 99;
cursed by his dying father, 109;
provision made for, by his brother Richard, 115;
position of, 125;
intrigues with Philip II., 127;
rebellion of, 130;
secures Normandy, 137;
his coronation, 138;
division of the history of his reign, 139;
at peace with Philip II., 141;
his second marriage, 141;
loses Normandy and Anjou, 142;
his ecclesiastical troubles, 145;
excommunication of, 149;
his obduracy, 149;
swears fealty to the pope, 150;
quarrels with the barons, 151;
his journey to the North, 154;
goes to France, 155;
the crown offered to Lewis, 159;
his successes against the barons, 159;
his death, 160

John of Salisbury, 30

John of Brienne, 4

John the Marshall, 74, 78

John XXII., 3

Judges, punishment of, 239;
itinerant, 86;
fiscal work of, 86;
first go their circuits, 87

Judicature, restoration of, 46;
central, 87

Jurisdiction, provincial reform of, 86, 87

Justice, administration of, 55

Kenilworth, dictum de, 209

Lacy, Henry de, Earl of Lincoln, 269;
his death, 272

Lands, resumption of, 44

Langton, Stephen, elected Archbishop of Canterbury, 148;
absolves the king, 153;
crowns Henry III., 171;
his death, 177

Langton, Walter, 249, 255, 266, 274

Laudabiliter Bull, 46

Laws, appeal to the, of Henry I., 154;
probable plan for the codification of, 221;
Edward’s principles of legislation, 222

League against Henry II., 93

Leicester, Earl of, joins a league against Henry II., 94

Leopold, Duke of Austria, 222

Lewes, battle of, 203

Lewes, Mise of, 206

Lewis VI., King of France, 9

Lewis VII., King of France, 5;
joins the second crusade, 28;
his character, 37;
his relation to Henry II., 50;
takes up the cause of Becket, 79;
joins a league against Henry II., 93;
utterly routed by Henry II., 97;
his death, 102

Lewis IX., King of France, 5;
arbitrates between Henry III. and his barons, 201;
award of, 201;
effects of the award, 203;
motives for his decision, 205;
his death, 215

Lewis of Bavaria, 3

Lewis, son of Philip of France, his marriage, 142;
the crown of England offered to him, 159;
his successes against John, 159;
lands in England, 159;
treaty concluded with Henry III., 167;
defeated at
Lincoln and departure from England, 168

Liege, Bishop of, 130

Lincoln, battle of, 23, 168

Lincoln, parliament at, 254

Linlithgow castle, 259

Lisbon, 10

Llewelyn, Prince of North Wales, 204;
rebellion of, against Edward I., 218;
married to Eleanor de Montfort, 219;
his death, 219

Longchamp, William, bishop of Ely, 115;
chancellor, 123;
as supreme justiciar, 124;
demands the royal castles, 125;
removed from the justiciarship, 127

Lords, House of, 235

Lorraine, Lower, 9

Lothar II., 7

Lucy, Richard de, 30, 41, 76, 94, 95;
appointed regent during the king’s absence, 54

Lusignan, Ethelmer, Bishop of Winchester, 190

Lusignan, Guy of, 105

Mabilia, Countess of Gloucester, 25

Madoc, rebellion of, 256

Magna Carta, granted at Runnymede, 157;
attempts to annul it, 158;
re-issued, 166;
third issue of, 169;
confirmed, 239

Malcolm IV., King of Scotland, 44

Mandeville, Geoffrey, Earl of Essex, 26, 142, 167

Mandeville, William, 115

Manners during this epoch, 4

Mans, le, capture of, by Philip II., 106

Margaret of France, daughter of Lewis VII., 54;
wife of Henry, son of Henry II., 104

Margaret, sister of Philip IV., marries Edward I., 258

Marlborough, parliament of, 209

Marshall, Richard, 179

Marshall, William, Earl of Pembroke, 166;
his death, 169;
work of, 171

Martel, William, 30

Martin, master, 185

Matilda, daughter of Henry I., fealty sworn to, 14, 17;
her arrival in England, 22;
elected Lady of England, 23;
her imprudent rule, 24;
her struggles against Stephen, 25;
flies to Oxford, 25;
the kingdom divided, 26;
her government in Normandy, 42

Matilda, daughter of Henry II., her marriage, 80

Maurienne, Count of, 93

Mercenaries, importation of, 20;
expulsion of, 42

Merchandize, taxation on importation of, 231

Merchants, foreign, relations of Edward I. with, 255

Merlin, prophecies of, 39

Miles of Hereford, 28

Military system in Henry II.’s time, 88

Mise of Lewes, 206

Monasteries, 63

Monks of Canterbury, their quarrels regarding the election of
Archbishop, 146

Montfort, Simon de, Earl of Leicester, marries Eleanor, daughter of
John, 181;
his character, 193;
military successes of, 204;
parliament of, 207;
impolicy of his sons, 208;
killed in the battle of Evesham, 209;
his character as a great and good man, 210, 211

Moral lessons, 5

Mortimer, Hugh, 45

Mortimer, Roger, 199;
appointed regent, 216

Mortimer, Roger, Lord of Wigmore, 278, 284, 285, 288

Morville, Hugh de, 82

Mowbray, Roger, 106

Neville, Ralph, Bishop of Chichester, 180

New Custom, the, 255

Nicolas IV., pope, 246

Nicolas, Bishop of Tusculum, 154

Nigel, Bishop of Ely, 42

Norman bishops, 63

Normandy, invasion of, 104;
forfeiture of, 142;
separation from England, 143

Normans, results of rule under, 12

Northampton, council at, 77;
parliament at, 268

Nottingham, castle of, 125

Ordainers, the, 272

Ordinances of 1311, the, 272;
revocation of, 281

Orlton, Adam, Bishop of Hereford, 286, 287

Otho, Cardinal, 185

Otho, of Saxony, Emperor, 134

Oxford, siege of, 26;
parliament of, 198;
provisions of, 199

Pacification, terms of, in 1153, 39

Palestine, condition of, 104

Pandulf, 150;
as legate, 171;
resigns, 173

Papacy, relations with the empire, 3;
demands in Henry III.’s time, 169;
taxation, 177;
Henry III.’s relations with the popes, 184;
list of papal assumptions, 185;
papal claims over Scotland, 253

Paris, Matthew, 139, 183, 195

Parliament, 181;
discussions in, 182;
of 1258, 197;
origin of our modern, 207;
under Edward I., 234;
growth of, 234;
Lincoln, 253

Peckham, Archbishop, 247

Pembroke, Earl of, 270

Perche, Count of, 169

Peter de Vineis, 220

Peter of Wakefield, 150

Petronilla, Lady, 96

Peverell, William, 45

Philip II., King of France, his hatred of Henry II., 103;
at war with Henry II., 106;
joins the third crusade, 116;
at Messina, 119;
intrigues of, against Richard, 128;
concludes a two months’ peace with John, 140;
at peace with John, 141;
takes Normandy and Anjou, 142

Philip III., King of France, 216;
his death, 243

Philip IV., the Fair, King of France, his relations with Edward I.,
243;
quarrels with Edward I., 244

Philip V., King of France, 284

Philip of Flanders joins a league against Henry II., 94

Pipewell, council of, 114

Political history during this epoch, 2

Politicians, ecclesiastical, 64

Portugal during the age of the early Plantagenets, 10

Provisions of Oxford, 199

Provisions of Westminster, 200

Puiset, Hugh de, Bishop of Durham, 94;
justiciar, 124, 125;
expelled, 126

Quia Emptores statute, 223, 235

Ranulf, Earl of Chester, 23, 26

Ranulf, Earl of Chester, 136, 166, 178

Raymond of Toulouse, 195

Rebellion of 1136, 18

Reform, Henry II.’s plans of, 39;
progress of, 55;
Henry’s perseverance in, 85;
political object of it, 86;
new schemes of, 271

Reginald, Earl of Cornwall, 95

Reginald, sub-prior, elected Archbishop of Canterbury, 147

Religion during this epoch, 4

Revenue, nature of, in the time of Henry II., 55;
under Henry III., 228;
sources of, during Edward I.’s reign, 225;
customs, 231;
parliamentary settlement on Edward I., 230

Reynolds, Walter, 275

Richard I., Cœur de Lion, son of Henry II., 53;
quarrels with his brother Henry, 103;
his father’s distrust of, 104;
joins the third crusade, 105;
does homage to Philip II., 106;
joins in a conspiracy against his father, 106;
character of his reign, 110;
his accession to the throne, 111;
his coronation, 112;
his personal appearance and character, 112, 113;
his mode of procuring means for the third crusade, 114;
starts on the crusade, 115;
his journey along the Italian shore, 118;
at Messina, 119;
his campaigns in Palestine, 120;
exploits of, 121;
his retreat and truce, 122;
captivity of, 122;
negotiations for his release, 129;
ransom raised for his release, 129;
his release, 130;
his second visit to England, 131;
money refused him by the great council, 133;
his last years, 134;
events of the war with Philip II., 134;
his death, 135

Richard, Archbishop of Canterbury, 177

Richard, Earl of Cornwall, King of the Romans, brother to Henry III.,
173, 178;
his marriage, 181;
his character, 192;
at the battle of Lewes, 205;
his death, 210

Robert, Earl of Gloucester, 16;
swears fealty to Stephen, 17;
his power, 19;
taken prisoner, 26;
his death, 29

Robert, Earl of Leicester, regent, during the king’s absence, 55

Roches, Peter des, Bishop of Winchester, regent, 166, 170;
the king’s adviser, 178;
fall of, 179

Rochester castle besieged, 159

Roger, Bishop of Salisbury, 15;
justiciar of Henry I., 21;
arrested, 21

Roger, Earl of Leicester, 28

Roger of Hereford, 44

Roger of Pont l’Eveque, Archbishop of York, 81

Rome, proceedings at, 30;
character of the court of, 91, 92

Rudolf of Hapsburg, 3

Runnymede, granting of the Magna Carta at, 157

Saer de Quincy, 168

St. Albans, assembly at, 154

St. Andrew’s, Bishop of, 259

St. Bernard, 4, 30

St. Edmund, 85

St. Edmund’s, coronation at, 47, 48

St. Gregory, 59

St. Hugh, 133

St. Paul’s, council at, 154

St. William, 30

Saladin, Sultan of Egypt, 104

Salisbury, Earl of, 160

Salisbury, meeting of barons at, 249

Saragossa, 11

Saxony, 8

Scotland, invasion of England by, 17, 19;
submission of to Henry III., 97;
claims of Edward I. upon, 239;
the kingdom of, 240;
papal claims over, 254;
alliance of, with France, 257;
troubles in, 257;
war against England, 258;
truce with England, affairs in, after the fall of Balliol, 259;
Edward’s new constitution for, 259;
truce concluded with Edward II., 282

Scottish independence, war of, 258

Scutage, institution of, 56

Segrave, Sir John, 259

Segrave, Stephen, justiciar, 177

Shrewsbury, assembly at, 234

Sybilla, queen of Jerusalem, sister of Baldwin the Leper, 104, 119

Simon de Montfort, _see_ Montfort, Simon de

Spain, state of, 9

Standard, battle of the, 19

Stapleton, Bishop of Exeter, 283

Statute De Religiosis, 246

Statute of Wales, 220

Statute of Westminster, the first, 234

Statute of Westminster, 224

Stephen of Blois, his claim to the throne, 14;
his reception in England, 15;
his election and coronation, 15;
his first charter, 16;
his second charter, 17;
invaded by the Scots, 17, 19;
rebellion of 1136, 18;
beginning of troubles, 18;
his imprudent policy, 19;
debases coinage, 20;
his new earls, 20;
imports mercenaries, 20;
his breach with the clergy, 20;
arrests the bishops, 21;
beginning of anarchy, 22;
taken prisoner, 22;
is released, 25;
his success in 1142, 26;
division of the kingdom, 27;
period of anarchy, 28;
proceedings at Rome, 30;
quarrels with the archbishop, 30;
question of succession, 31;
negotiates for peace, 32;
his death, 33;
estimation of his character, 33

Stigand, Archbishop, 61

Stirling, English defeated near, 259

Stratford, John, Bishop of Winchester, 287

Swabia, 6

Tancred, King of Sicily, 119

Taxation, variety of, in Henry II.’s reign, 87;
papal, 177;
changes in the mode of, 228;
summoning of representative assemblies for the purposes of, 232;
of the clergy, 246;
confirmation of the charter establishing the right of the people to
determine, 240

Templars, the, 53, 54

Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury, 21;
quarrels with Stephen, 30;
negotiates the succession of Henry II., 41;
adviser to Henry II., 42;
his death, 55

Theobald, Count, 14, 16

Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, 269;
despotism of, 276, 277;
execution of, 280;
interior consequences of his execution, 281

Thurstan, Archbishop, 19

Tickhill, castle of, 125

Toledo, 11

Toulouse, war of, 53

Tracy, William de, 82

Valence, Aymer de, Earl of Pembroke, 261, 274, 276;
made governor of Scotland, 266;
his death, 285

Vescy, Lady de, 273;
Eustace de, 159, 167

Waleran of Meulan, 28

Wales, at war with Henry II., 48;
second war with Henry II., 71;
third war with Henry II., 80;
turbulence of the princes, 217;
conquest of, 219;
statute of, 220;
rebellion in, under Madoc, 256

Wallace, Sir William, 258, 260

Wallingford, peace negotiations at, 32

Walter, Hubert, Bishop of Salisbury, 115, 116, 119, 130;
made Archbishop of Canterbury, 130;
government of, 131;
resignation of, 133;
transfers his devotion to John on the death of Richard, 137;
his death, 144

Walter of Cantilupe, Bishop of Worcester, 197, 199

Wareham, 27

Warenne, Earl, 238

Warenne, William of, surrender of his estates in Norfolk, 46;
knighthood conferred on, 47

Westminster, treaty at, 32;
council at, 74;
provisions of, 200;
courts at, 226;
statute of, the first, 234

William II., King of Scotland, joins a league against Henry II., 94;
taken prisoner, 96

William, Earl of Salisbury, 164

William of Aumâle, 171

William of Eynesford, 74

William of Ferrers, 197

William, son of Henry I., 12

William the Good, of Sicily, his marriage, 99

Winchelsey, Robert, 246, 249;
quarrels with the king, 254, 268

Winchester, Bishop of, brother of Stephen, 41

Winchester, Bishop of, 114

Winchester, statute of, 225

Woodstock, council at, 71, 72

Worms, diet of, 128

Ypres, William of, 44

“_The volumes contain the ripe results of the studies of men who are authorities in their respective fields._”--THE NATION.

EPOCHS OF HISTORY

=EPOCHS OF ANCIENT HISTORY=

Eleven volumes, 16mo, each $1.00.

=EPOCHS OF MODERN HISTORY=

Eighteen volumes, 16mo, each $1.00.

The Epoch volumes have most successfully borne the test of experience, and are universally acknowledged to be the best series of historical manuals in existence. They are admirably adapted in form and matter to the needs of colleges, schools, reading circles, and private classes. Attention is called to them as giving the utmost satisfaction as class hand-books.

NOAH PORTER, _President of Yale College_.

“The ‘Epochs of History’ have been prepared with knowledge and artistic skill to meet the wants of a large number of readers. To the young they furnish an outline or compendium. To those who are older they present a convenient sketch of the heads of the knowledge which they have already acquired. The outlines are by no means destitute of spirit, and may be used with great profit for family reading, and in select classes or reading clubs.”

CHARLES KENDALL ADAMS, _President of Cornell University_.

“A series of concise and carefully prepared volumes on special eras of history. Each is also complete in itself, and has no especial connection with the other members of the series. The works are all written by authors selected by the editor on account of some especial qualifications for a portrayal of the period they respectively describe. The volumes form an excellent collection, especially adapted to the wants of a general reader.”

_The Publishers will supply these volumes to teachers at SPECIAL
NET RATES, and would solicit correspondence concerning
terms for examination and introduction copies._

CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS, Publishers
153-157 Fifth Avenue, New York.

THE GREAT SUCCESS OF THE SERIES

is the best proof of its general popularity, and the excellence of the various volumes is further attested by their having been adopted as text-books in many of our leading educational institutions. The publishers beg to call attention to the following list comprising some of the most prominent institutions using volumes of the series:

Smith College, Northampton, Mass.
Univ. of Vermont, Burlington, Vt.
Yale Univ., New Haven, Conn.
Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass.
Bellewood Sem., Anchorage, Ky.
Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, Tenn.
State Univ., Minneapolis, Minn.
Christian Coll., Columbia, Mo.
Adelphi Acad., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Earlham Coll., Richmond, Ind.
Granger Place School, Canandaigua, N. Y.
Salt Lake Acad., Salt Lake City, Utah.
Beloit Col., Beloit, Wis.
Logan Female Coll., Russellville, Ky.
No. West Univ., Evanston, Ill.
State Normal School, Baltimore, Md.
Hamilton Coll., Clinton, N. Y.
Doane Coll., Crete, Neb.
Princeton College, Princeton, N. J.
Williams Coll., Williamstown, Mass.
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y.
Illinois Coll., Jacksonville, Ill.
Univ. of South, Sewanee, Tenn.
Wesleyan Univ., Mt. Pleasant, Ia.
Univ. of Cal., Berkeley, Cal.
So. Car. Coll., Columbia, S. C.
Amsterdam Acad., Amsterdam, N. Y.
Carleton Coll., Northfield, Minn.
Wesleyan Univ., Middletown, Mass.
Albion Coll., Albion, Mich.
Dartmouth Coll., Hanover, N. H.
Wilmington Coll., Wilmington, O.
Madison Univ., Hamilton, N. Y.
Syracuse Univ., Syracuse, N. Y.
Univ. of Wis., Madison, Wis.
Union Coll., Schenectady, N. Y.
Norwich Free Acad., Norwich, Conn.
Greenwich Acad., Greenwich, Conn.
Univ. of Neb., Lincoln, Neb.
Kalamazoo Coll., Kalamazoo, Mich.
Olivet Coll., Olivet, Mich.
Amherst Coll., Amherst, Mass.
Ohio State Univ., Columbus, O.
Free Schools, Oswego, N. Y.

Bishop J. F. HURST, _ex-President of Drew Theol. Sem._

“It appears to me that the idea of Morris in his Epochs is strictly in harmony with the philosophy of history--namely, that great movements should be treated not according to narrow geographical and national limits and distinction, but universally, according to their place in the general life of the world. The historical Maps and the copious Indices are welcome additions to the volumes.”

EPOCHS OF ANCIENT HISTORY.

_A SERIES OF BOOKS NARRATING THE HISTORY OF GREECE AND ROME, AND OF THEIR RELATIONS TO OTHER COUNTRIES AT SUCCESSIVE EPOCHS._

_Edited by_
Rev. G. W. COX and CHARLES SANKEY, M.A.

=Eleven volumes, 16mo, with 41 Maps and Plans.
Sold separately. Price per vol., $1.00.
The Set, Roxburgh style, gilt top, in box, $11.00.=

=TROY--ITS LEGEND, HISTORY, AND LITERATURE.= By S. G. W. BENJAMIN.

“The task of the author has been to gather into a clear and very readable narrative all that is known of legendary, historical, and geographical Troy, and to tell the story of Homer, and weigh and compare the different theories in the Homeric controversy. The work is well done. His book is altogether candid, and is a very valuable and entertaining compendium.”--_Hartford Courant._

“As a monograph on Troy, covering all sides of the question, it is of great value, and supplies a long vacant place in our fund of classical knowledge.”--_N. Y. Christian Advocate._

=THE GREEKS AND THE PERSIANS.= By Rev. G. W. COX.

“It covers the ground in a perfectly satisfactory way. The work is clear, succinct, and readable.”--_New York Independent._

“Marked by thorough and comprehensive scholarship and by a skillful style.”--_Congregationalist._

“It would be hard to find a more creditable book. The author’s prefatory remarks upon the origin and growth of Greek civilization are alone worth the price of the volume.”--_Christian Union._

=THE ATHENIAN EMPIRE--From the Flight of Xerxes to the Fall of
Athens.= By Rev. G. W. COX.

“Mr. Cox writes in such a way as to bring before the reader everything which is important to be known or learned; and his narrative cannot fail to give a good idea of the men and deeds with which he is concerned.”--_The Churchman._

“Mr. Cox has done his work with the honesty of a true student. It shows persevering scholarship and a desire to get at the truth.”--_New York Herald._

=THE SPARTAN AND THEBAN SUPREMACIES.= By CHARLES SANKEY, M.A.

“This volume covers the period between the disasters of Athens at the close of the Peloponnesian war and the rise of Macedon. It is a very striking and instructive picture of the political life of the Grecian commonwealth at that time.”--_The Churchman._

“It is singularly interesting to read, and in respect to arrangement, maps, etc., is all that can be desired.”--_Boston Congregationalist._

=THE MACEDONIAN EMPIRE--Its Rise and Culmination to Death of Alexander
the Great.= By A. M. CURTEIS, M.A.

“A good and satisfactory history of a very important period. The maps are excellent, and the story is lucidly and vigorously told.”--_The Nation._

“The same compressive style and yet completeness of detail that have characterized the previous issues in this delightful series, are found in this volume. Certainly the art of conciseness in writing was never carried to a higher or more effective point.”--_Boston Saturday Evening Gazette._

⁂ _The above five volumes give a connected and complete history of Greece from the earliest times to the death of Alexander._

=EARLY ROME--From the Foundation of the City to its Destruction by the
Gauls.= By W. IHNE, Ph.D.

“Those who want to know the truth instead of the traditions that used to be learned of our fathers, will find in the work entertainment, careful scholarship, and sound sense.”--_Cincinnati Times._

“The book is excellently well done. The views are those of a learned and able man, and they are presented in this volume with great force and clearness.”--_The Nation._

=ROME AND CARTHAGE--The Punic Wars.= By R. BOSWORTH SMITH.

“By blending the account of Rome and Carthage the accomplished author presents a succinct and vivid picture of two great cities and people which leaves a deep impression. The story is full of intrinsic interest, and was never better told.”--_Christian Union._

“The volume is one of rare interest and value.”--_Chicago Interior._

“An admirably condensed history of Carthage, from its establishment by the adventurous Phœnician traders to its sad and disastrous fall.”--_New York Herald._

=THE GRACCHI, MARIUS, AND SULLA.= By A. H. BEESLEY.

“A concise and scholarly historical sketch, descriptive of the decay of the Roman Republic, and the events which paved the way for the advent of the conquering Cæsar. It is an excellent account of the leaders and legislation of the republic.”--_Boston Post._

“It is prepared in succinct but comprehensive style, and is an excellent book for reading and reference.”--_New York Observer._

“No better condensed account of the two Gracchi and the turbulent careers of Marius and Sulla has yet appeared.”--_New York Independent._

=THE ROMAN TRIUMVIRATES.= By the Very Rev. CHARLES MERIVALE, D.D.

“In brevity, clear and scholarly treatment of the subject, and the convenience of map, index, and side notes, the volume is a model.”--_New York Tribune._

“An admirable presentation, and in style vigorous and picturesque.”--_Hartford Courant._

=THE EARLY EMPIRE--From the Assassination of Julius Cæsar to the
Assassination of Domitian.= By Rev. W. WOLFE CAPES, M.A.

“It is written with great clearness and simplicity of style, and is as attractive an account as has ever been given in brief of one of the most interesting periods of Roman History.”--_Boston Saturday Evening Gazette._

“It is a clear, well-proportioned, and trustworthy performance, and well deserves to be studied.”--_Christian at Work._

=THE AGE OF THE ANTONINES--The Roman Empire of the Second Century.= By
Rev. W. WOLFE CAPES, M.A.

“The Roman Empire during the second century is the broad subject discussed in this book, and discussed with learning and intelligence.”--_New York Independent._

“The writer’s diction is clear and elegant, and his narration is free from any touch of pedantry. In the treatment of its prolific and interesting theme, and in its general plan, the book is a model of works of its class.”--_New York Herald._

“We are glad to commend it. It is written clearly, and with care and accuracy. It is also in such neat and compact form as to be the more attractive.”--_Congregationalist._

⁂ _The above six volumes give the History of Rome from the founding of the City to the death of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus._

EPOCHS OF MODERN HISTORY.

_A SERIES OF BOOKS NARRATING THE HISTORY OF ENGLAND AND EUROPE AT SUCCESSIVE EPOCHS SUBSEQUENT TO THE CHRISTIAN ERA._

_Edited by_

EDWARD E. MORRIS.

=Eighteen volumes, 16mo, with 74 Maps, Plans, and Tables.
Sold separately. Price per vol., $1.00.
The Set, Roxburgh style, gilt top, in box, $18.00.=

=THE BEGINNING OF THE MIDDLE AGES--England and Europe in the Ninth
Century.= By the Very Rev. R. W. CHURCH, M.A.

“A remarkably thoughtful and satisfactory discussion of the causes and results of the vast changes which came upon Europe during the period discussed. The book is adapted to be exceedingly serviceable.”--_Chicago Standard._

“At once readable and valuable. It is comprehensive and yet gives the details of a period most interesting to the student of history.”--_Herald and Presbyter._

“It is written with a clearness and vividness of statement which make it the pleasantest reading. It represents a great deal of patient research, and is careful and scholarly.”--_Boston Journal._

=THE NORMANS IN EUROPE--The Feudal System and England under the Norman
Kings.= By Rev. A. H. JOHNSON, M.A.

“Its pictures of the Normans in their home, of the Scandinavian exodus, the conquest of England, and Norman administration, are full of vigor and cannot fail of holding the reader’s attention.”--_Episcopal Register._

“The style of the author is vigorous and animated, and he has given a valuable sketch of the origin and progress of the great Northern movement that has shaped the history of modern Europe.”--_Boston Transcript._

=THE CRUSADES.= By Rev. G. W. COX.

“To be warmly commended for important qualities. The author shows conscientious fidelity to the materials, and such skill in the use of them, that, as a result, the reader has before him a narrative related in a style that makes it truly fascinating.”--_Congregationalist._

“It is written in a pure and flowing style, and its arrangement and treatment of subject are exceptional.”--_Christian Intelligencer._

=THE EARLY PLANTAGENETS--Their Relation to the History of Europe;
The Foundation and Growth of Constitutional Government.= By Rev. W.
STUBBS, M.A.

“Nothing could be desired more clear, succinct, and well arranged. All parts of the book are well done. It may be pronounced the best existing brief history of the constitution for this, its most important period.”--_The Nation._

“Prof. Stubbs has presented leading events with such fairness and wisdom as are seldom found. He is remarkably clear and satisfactory.”--_The Churchman._

=EDWARD III.= By Rev. W. WARBURTON, M.A.

“The author has done his work well, and we commend it as containing in small space all essential matter.”--_New York Independent._

“Events and movements are admirably condensed by the author, and presented in such attractive form as to entertain as well as instruct.”--_Chicago Interior._

=THE HOUSES OF LANCASTER AND YORK--The Conquest and Loss of France.=
By JAMES GAIRDNER.

“Prepared in a most careful and thorough manner, and ought to be read by every student.”--_New York Times._

“It leaves nothing to be desired as regards compactness, accuracy, and excellence of literary execution.”--_Boston Journal._

=THE ERA OF THE PROTESTANT REVOLUTION.= By FREDERIC SEEBOHM. With
Notes, on Books in English relating to the Reformation, by Prof.
GEORGE P. FISHER, D.D.

“For an impartial record of the civil and ecclesiastical changes about four hundred years ago, we cannot commend a better manual.”--_Sunday-School Times._

“All that could be desired, as well in execution as in plan. The narrative is animated, and the selection and grouping of events skillful and effective.”--_The Nation._

=THE EARLY TUDORS--Henry VII., Henry VIII.= By Rev. C. E. MOBERLEY,
M.A., late Master in Rugby School.

“Is concise, scholarly, and accurate. On the epoch of which it treats, we know of no work which equals it.”--_N. Y. Observer._

“A marvel of clear and succinct brevity and good historical judgment. There is hardly a better book of its kind to be named.”--_New York Independent._

=THE AGE OF ELIZABETH.= By Rev. M. CREIGHTON, M.A.

“Clear and compact in style; careful in their facts, and just in interpretation of them. It sheds much light on the progress of the Reformation and the origin of the Popish reaction during Queen Elizabeth’s reign; also, the relation of Jesuitism to the latter.”--_Presbyterian Review._

“A clear, concise, and just story of an era crowded with events of interest and importance.”--_New York World._

=THE THIRTY YEARS’ WAR--1618-1648.= By SAMUEL RAWSON GARDINER.

“As a manual it will prove of the greatest practical value, while to the general reader it will afford a clear and interesting account of events. We know of no more spirited and attractive recital of the great era.”--_Boston Saturday Evening Gazette._

“The thrilling story of those times has never been told so vividly or succinctly as in this volume.”--_Episcopal Register._

=THE PURITAN REVOLUTION; and the First Two Stuarts, 1603-1660.= By
SAMUEL RAWSON GARDINER.

“The narrative is condensed and brief, yet sufficiently comprehensive to give an adequate view of the events related.”--_Chicago Standard._

“Mr. Gardiner uses his researches in an admirably clear and fair way.”--_Congregationalist._

“The sketch is concise, but clear and perfectly intelligible.”--_Hartford Courant._

=THE ENGLISH RESTORATION AND LOUIS XIV., from the Peace of Westphalia
to the Peace of Nimwegen.= By OSMUND AIRY, M.A.

“It is crisply and admirably written. An immense amount of information is conveyed and with great clearness, the arrangement of the subjects showing great skill and a thorough command of the complicated theme.”--_Boston Saturday Evening Gazette._

“The author writes with fairness and discrimination, and has given a clear and intelligible presentation of the time.”--_New York Evangelist._

=THE FALL OF THE STUARTS; and Western Europe.= By Rev. EDWARD HALE,
M.A.

“A valuable compend to the general reader and scholar.”--_Providence Journal._

“It will be found of great value. It is a very graphic account of the history of Europe during the 17th century, and is admirably adapted for the use of students.”--_Boston Saturday Evening Gazette._

“An admirable handbook for the student.”--_The Churchman._

=THE AGE OF ANNE.= By EDWARD E. MORRIS, M.A.

“The author’s arrangement of the material is remarkably clear, his selection and adjustment of the facts judicious, his historical judgment fair and candid, while the style wins by its simple elegance.”--_Chicago Standard._

“An excellent compendium of the history of an important period.”--_The Watchman._

=THE EARLY HANOVERIANS--Europe from the Peace of Utrecht to the Peace
of Aix-la-Chapelle.= By EDWARD E. MORRIS, M.A.

“Masterly, condensed, and vigorous, this is one of the books which it is a delight to read at odd moments; which are broad and suggestive, and at the same time condensed in treatment.”--_Christian Advocate._

“A remarkably clear and readable summary of the salient points of interest. The maps and tables, no less than the author’s style and treatment of the subject, entitle the volume to the highest claims of recognition.”--_Boston Daily Advertiser._

=FREDERICK THE GREAT, AND THE SEVEN YEARS’ WAR.= By F. W. LONGMAN.

“The subject is most important, and the author has treated it in a way which is both scholarly and entertaining.”--_The Churchman._

“Admirably adapted to interest school boys, and older heads will find it pleasant reading.”--_New York Tribune._

=THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, AND FIRST EMPIRE.= By WILLIAM O’CONNOR MORRIS.
With Appendix by ANDREW D. WHITE, LL.D., ex-President of Cornell
University.

“We have long needed a simple compendium of this period, and we have here one which is brief enough to be easily run through with, and yet particular enough to make entertaining reading.”--_New York Evening Post._

“The author has well accomplished his difficult task of sketching in miniature the grand and crowded drama of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Empire, showing himself to be no servile compiler, but capable of judicious and independent criticism.”--_Springfield Republican._

=THE EPOCH OF REFORM--1830-1850.= By JUSTIN MCCARTHY.

“Mr. McCarthy knows the period of which he writes thoroughly, and the result is a narrative that is at once entertaining and trustworthy.”--_New York Examiner._

“The narrative is clear and comprehensive, and told with abundant knowledge and grasp of the subject.”--_Boston Courier._

IMPORTANT HISTORICAL WORKS.

=CIVILIZATION DURING THE MIDDLE AGES. Especially in its Relation to
Modern Civilization.= By GEORGE B. ADAMS, Professor of History in
Yale University. 8vo, $2.50.

Professor Adams has here supplied the need of a text-book for the study of Mediæval History in college classes at once thorough and yet capable of being handled in the time usually allowed to it. He has aimed to treat the subject in a manner which its place in the college curriculum demands, by presenting as clear a view as possible of the underlying and organic growth of our civilization, how its foundations were laid and its chief elements introduced.

Prof. KENDRIC C. BABCOCK, University of Minnesota:--“It is one of the best books of the kind which I have seen. We shall use it the coming term.”

Prof. MARSHALL S. BROWN, Michigan University:--“I regard the work as a very valuable treatment of the great movements of history during the Middle Ages, and as one destined to be extremely helpful to young students.”

BOSTON HERALD:--“Professor Adams admirably presents the leading features of a thousand years of social, political, and religious development in the history of the world. It is valuable from beginning to end.”

=HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES.= By E. BENJAMIN ANDREWS, D.D., LL.D.,
President of Brown University. With maps. Two vols., crown octavo,
$4.00.

BOSTON ADVERTISER:--“We doubt if there has been so complete, graphic, and so thoroughly impartial a history of our country condensed into the same space. It must become a standard.”

ADVANCE:--“One of the best popular, general histories of America, if not the best.”

HERALD AND PRESBYTER:--“The very history that many people have been looking for. It does not consist simply of minute statements, but treats of causes and effects with philosophical grasp and thoughtfulness. It is the work of a scholar and thinker.”

=THE HISTORY OF ROME, from the Earliest Time to the Period of Its
Decline.= By Dr. THEODOR MOMMSEN. Translated by W. P. DICKSON,
D.D., LL.D. A New Edition, Revised throughout, and embodying recent
additions. Five vols., with Map. Price per set, $10.00.

“A work of the very highest merit; its learning is exact and profound; its narrative full of genius and skill; its descriptions of men are admirably vivid.”--_London Times._

“Since the days of Niebuhr, no work on Roman History has appeared that combines so much to attract, instruct, and charm the reader. Its style--a rare quality in a German author--is vigorous, spirited, and animated.”--Dr. SCHMITZ.

=THE PROVINCES OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. From Cæsar to Diocletian.= By
THEODOR MOMMSEN. Translated by WILLIAM P. DICKSON, D.D., LL.D. With
maps. Two vols., 8vo, $6.00.

“The author draws the wonderfully rich and varied picture of the conquest and administration of that great circle of peoples and lands which formed the empire of Rome outside of Italy, their agriculture, trade, and manufactures, their artistic and scientific life, through all degrees of civilization, with such detail and completeness as could have come from no other hand than that of this great master of historical research.”--Prof. W. A. PACKARD, Princeton College.

=THE HISTORY OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC.= Abridged from the History by
Professor THEODOR MOMMSEN, by C. BRYANS and F. J. R. HENDY. 12mo,
$1.75.

“It is a genuine boon that the essential parts of Mommsen’s Rome are thus brought within the easy reach of all, and the abridgment seems to me to preserve unusually well the glow and movement of the original.”--Prof. TRACY PECK, Yale University.

“The condensation has been accurately and judiciously effected. I heartily commend the volume as the most adequate embodiment, in a single volume, of the main results of modern historical research in the field of Roman affairs.”--Prof. HENRY M. BAIRD, University of City of New York.

=THE DAWN OF HISTORY. An Introduction to Pre-Historic Study.= New and
Enlarged Edition. Edited by C. F. KEARY. 12mo, cloth, $1.25.

This work treats successively of the earliest traces of man; of language, its growth, and the story it tells of the pre-historic users of it; of early social life, the religions, mythologies, and folk-tales, and of the history of writing. The present edition contains about one hundred pages of new matter, embodying the results of the latest researches.

“A fascinating manual. In its way, the work is a model of what a popular scientific work should be.”--_Boston Sat. Eve. Gazette._

=THE ORIGIN OF NATIONS.= By Professor GEORGE RAWLINSON, M.A. 12mo,
with maps, $1.00.

The first part of this book discusses the antiquity of civilization in Egypt and the other early nations of the East. The second part is an examination of the ethnology of Genesis, showing its accordance with the latest results of modern ethnographical science.

“A work of genuine scholarly excellence, and a useful offset to a great deal of the superficial current literature on such subjects.”--_Congregationalist._

=MANUAL OF MYTHOLOGY. For the Use of Schools, Art Students, and
General Readers. Founded on the Works of Petiscus, Preller, and
Welcker.= By ALEXANDER S. MURRAY, Department of Greek and Roman
Antiquities, British Museum. With 45 Plates. Reprinted from the
Second Revised London Edition. Crown 8vo, $1.75.

“It has been acknowledged the best work on the subject to be found in a concise form, and as it embodies the results of the latest researches and discoveries in ancient mythologies, it is superior for school and general purposes as a handbook to any of the so-called standard works.”--_Cleveland Herald._

“Whether as a manual for reference, a text-book for school use, or for the general reader, the book will be found very valuable and interesting.”--_Boston Journal._

=THE HISTORY OF GREECE.= By Prof. Dr. ERNST CURTIUS. Translated by
ADOLPHUS WILLIAM WARD, M.A., Fellow of St. Peter’s College,
Cambridge, Prof. of History in Owen’s College, Manchester. Five
volumes, crown 8vo. Price per set, $10.00.

“We cannot express our opinion of Dr. Curtius’ book better than by saying that it may be fitly ranked with Theodor Mommsen’s great work.”--_London Spectator._

“As an introduction to the study of Grecian history, no previous work is comparable to the present for vivacity and picturesque beauty, while in sound learning and accuracy of statement it is not inferior to the elaborate productions which enrich the literature of the age.”--_N. Y. Daily Tribune._

=CÆSAR: a Sketch.= By JAMES ANTHONY FROUDE, M.A. 12mo, gilt top, $1.50.

“This book is a most fascinating biography and is by far the best account of Julius Cæsar to be found in the English language.”--_The London Standard._

“He combines into a compact and nervous narrative all that is known of the personal, social, political, and military life of Cæsar; and with his sketch of Cæsar includes other brilliant sketches of the great man, his friends, or rivals, who contemporaneously with him formed the principal figures in the Roman world.”--_Harper’s Monthly._

=CICERO. Life of Marcus Tullius Cicero.= By WILLIAM FORSYTH, M.A.,
Q.C. 20 Engravings. New Edition. 2 vols., crown 8vo, in one, gilt
top, $2.50.

The author has not only given us the most complete and well-balanced account of the life of Cicero ever published; he has drawn an accurate and graphic picture of domestic life among the best classes of the Romans, one which the reader of general literature, as well as the student, may peruse with pleasure and profit.

“A scholar without pedantry, and a Christian without cant, Mr. Forsyth seems to have seized with praiseworthy tact the precise attitude which it behooves a biographer to take when narrating the life, the personal life of Cicero. Mr. Forsyth produces what we venture to say will become one of the classics of English biographical literature, and will be welcomed by readers of all ages and both sexes, of all professions and of no profession at all.”--_London Quarterly._

VALUABLE WORKS ON CLASSICAL LITERATURE.

=THE HISTORY OF ROMAN LITERATURE. From the Earliest Period to the
Death of Marcus Aurelius.= With Chronological Tables, etc., for the
use of Students. By C. T. CRUTTWELL, M.A. Crown 8vo, $2.50.

Mr. Cruttwell’s book is written throughout from a purely literary point of view, and the aim has been to avoid tedious and trivial details. The result is a volume not only suited for the student, but remarkably readable for all who possess any interest in the subject.

“Mr. Cruttwell has given us a genuine history of Roman literature, not merely a descriptive list of authors and their productions, but a well elaborated portrayal of the successive stages in the intellectual development of the Romans and the various forms of expression which these took in literature.”--_N. Y. Nation._

_UNIFORM WITH THE ABOVE._

=A HISTORY OF GREEK LITERATURE. From the Earliest Period of
Demosthenes.= By FRANK BYRON JEVONS, M.A., Tutor in the University
of Durham. Crown 8vo, $2.50.

The author goes into detail with sufficient fullness to make the history complete, but he never loses sight of the commanding lines along which the Greek mind moved, and a clear understanding of which is necessary to every intelligent student of universal literature.

“It is beyond all question the best history of Greek literature that has hitherto been published.”--_London Spectator._

CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS,
153-157 Fifth Avenue, New York.

* * * * *

Transcriber’s note

Minor punctuation and formatting errors have been changed without notice; otherwise spelling and punctuation has been retained as published. The following Printer errors have been changed.

=CHANGED= =FROM= =TO=
Page ii: “1830-1850. By Justin “1830-1850. By Justin
Macarthy” McCarthy”
Page 11: “the supreme law-giver and” “the supreme lawgiver and”
Page 19: “Whether or no they loved “Whether or not they loved
Stephen” Stephen”
Sidenote
Page 32: “Negotiations f r peace.” “Negotiations for peace.”
Page 84: “peace-maker rather than “peacemaker rather than
that” that”
Sidenote
Page 87 “Training of the “Training of the
people in self people in
government.” self-government.”
Page 88: “requisite counter-balance “requisite counterbalance
to the” to the”
Page 95: “to ignominous flight “to ignominious flight
at Conches” at Conches”
Page 105: “then to his syster “then to his sister
Sibylla” Sibylla”
Page 109: “funeral, at Font Evraud” “funeral, at Fontevraud”
Page 117: “Month after month passsed “Month after month passed
on” on”
Page 119: “Baldwin and Hurbert “Baldwin and Hubert
Walter” Walter”
Page 129: “little Provencal kingdom” “little Provençal kingdom”
Page 139: “granting of Magna Charta” “granting of Magna Carta”
Page 142: “love or territorial “love or territorial
covetousnesss” covetousness”
Page 154: “Geoffrey Fitz-Peter” “Geoffrey Fitz Peter”
Sidenote
Page 171: “William of “William of
Aumale and Aumâle and
Falkes de Falkes de
Breaute” Breauté”
Page 177: “Geoffrey Fitz-Peter” “Geoffrey Fitz Peter”
Page 248: “opportunity asserting” “opportunity of asserting”
Page 265: “that series of miseeries” “that series of miseries”
Page 268: “the son-in law and “was the son-in-law and
heir of Henry” heir of Henry”
Page 270: “parties were re-formed as” “parties were reformed as”
Page 288: “lost Ireland, Seotland” “lost Ireland, Scotland”
Page 291: “Aumale, William of, 45” “Aumâle, William of, 45”
Page 292: “Breaute, Falkes de, 170, “Breauté, Falkes de, 170,
171” 171”
Page 293: “as a law-giver, 220” “as a lawgiver, 220”
Page 293: “quarrels with Archbishop “quarrels with Archbishop
Winchessey” Winchelsey”
Page 295: “internal mis-government, “internal misgovernment,
174” 174”
Page 296: “Laudibiliter Bull, 46” “Laudabiliter Bull, 46”
Page 297: “Martell, William, 30” “Martel, William, 30”
Page 298: “Reginald, subprior, “Reginald, sub-prior,
elected” elected”
Page 299: “Scottish independance” “Scottish independence”
Page 299: “negotiates the succesion “negotiates the succession
of Henry” of Henry”
Page 300: “rebel-bellion in, under “rebellion in, under
Madoc” Madoc”
Page 300: “Walfran of Meulan, 28” “Waleran of Meulan, 28”
Page 300: “William of Aumale, 171” “William of Aumâle, 171”
Page 302: “Univ. of South, Sewaunee, “Univ. of South, Sewanee,
Tenn.” Tenn.”
Page 304: “close of the “close of the
Pelopenesian war” Peloponnesian war”