Chapter III: Some Salient Features of the Geology

AND CLASSIFICATION OF MINERAL DEPOSITS 29

VARIOUS METHODS OF CLASSIFICATION 29

NAMES 31

MINERAL DEPOSITS AS MAGMATIC SEGREGATIONS IN IGNEOUS ROCKS 34

MINERAL DEPOSITS WITHIN AND ADJACENT TO IGNEOUS ROCKS,
WHICH WERE FORMED IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE COOLING AND
CRYSTALLIZATION OF THE MAGMAS THROUGH THE AGENCY OF HOT
MAGMATIC SOLUTIONS 36
Evidence of igneous source 37
Possible influence of meteoric waters in deposition of ores
of this class 41
Zonal arrangement of minerals related to igneous rocks 42
The relation of contact metamorphism to ore bodies of the
foregoing class 45

SECONDARY CONCENTRATION IN PLACE OF THE FOREGOING CLASSES OF
MINERAL DEPOSITS THROUGH THE AGENCY OF SURFACE SOLUTIONS 46

RESIDUAL MINERAL DEPOSITS FORMED BY THE WEATHERING OF
IGNEOUS ROCKS IN PLACE 50

MINERAL DEPOSITS FORMED DIRECTLY AS PLACERS AND SEDIMENTS 51
Mechanically deposited minerals 51
Chemically and organically deposited minerals 52

SEDIMENTARY MINERAL DEPOSITS WHICH HAVE REQUIRED FURTHER
CONCENTRATION TO MAKE THEM COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE 54

ANAMORPHISM OF MINERAL DEPOSITS 57

CONCLUSION 58

CHAPTER IV. MINERAL RESOURCES--SOME GENERAL
QUANTITATIVE CONSIDERATIONS 60

WORLD ANNUAL PRODUCTION OF MINERALS IN SHORT TONS 60

WORLD ANNUAL PRODUCTION OF MINERALS IN TERMS OF VALUE 62

SIGNIFICANCE OF GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF MINERAL PRODUCTION 63

THE INCREASING RATE OF PRODUCTION 63

CAPITAL VALUE OF WORLD MINERAL RESERVES 64

POLITICAL AND COMMERCIAL CONTROL OF MINERAL RESOURCES 65

RESERVES OF MINERAL RESOURCES 65

CHAPTER V. WATER AS A MINERAL RESOURCE 67

GENERAL GEOLOGIC RELATIONS 67

DISTRIBUTION OF UNDERGROUND WATER 68

MOVEMENT OF UNDERGROUND WATER 71

WELLS AND SPRINGS 72

COMPOSITION OF UNDERGROUND WATERS 73

RELATION OF GEOLOGY TO UNDERGROUND WATER SUPPLY 75

SURFACE WATER SUPPLIES 76

UNDERGROUND AND SURFACE WATERS IN RELATION TO EXCAVATION
AND CONSTRUCTION 78