Chapter IV: Part 4

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The identity of Colonel Torrens's propositions with the exploded "Mercantile Theory" is very satisfactorily established by the Edinburgh reviewer; and it is certainly humbling to see a man of his ability coming forward to revive doctrines which had well nigh gone down to oblivion. On the subject where Colonel Torrens conceives himself strongest, the distribution of the precious metals, the reviewer has given a very able reply, though some points are left for future amplification and discussion; and, as a whole, if there be any young political economist whose head the _Budget_ has puzzled, the article in the _Edinburgh Review_ will be found a very sufficient antidote. With this, and another able article on the same subject in the last _Westminster Review_ (in fact, two articles of the _Westminster_ relate to the subject--one is on Colonel Torrens, the other on Free Trade and Colonization), we may very safely leave the _Budget_ to the oblivion into which it has sunk; and, meantime, the novice will not go far astray who adheres to the "golden rule" of political economy, propounded by the London merchants in 1820, and re-echoed by Sir Robert Peel in 1842: "The maxim of buying in the cheapest market, and selling in the dearest, which regulates every merchant in his individual dealings, is strictly applicable as the best rule for every nation. As a matter of mere diplomacy, it may sometimes answer to hold out the removal of particular prohibitions or high duties as depending on corresponding concessions; but it does not follow that we should maintain our restrictions where the desired concessions cannot be obtained; for our restrictions would not be the less prejudicial to our capital and industry, because other governments persisted in preserving impolitic regulations."

MISCELLANEA.

CAPTAIN JAMES CLARKE ROSS AND THE ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION.

All the newspapers have quoted an account from the _Literary Gazette_ of the Antarctic Expedition, under the command of Captain James Ross. It was composed of two vessels, the _Erebus_, Captain Ross, and the _Terror_, Captain Crozier, and left England on the 29th of September, 1839. During the outward voyage to Australia, scientific observation was daily and sedulously attended to; experiments were made on the temperature and specific gravity of the sea; geological and geographical investigations were made at all available points, especially at Kerguelen's Land; and both here, as well as during the expedition, magnetic observation and experiment formed a specific subject of attention. This was a main object during 1840, the expedition remaining at the Auckland Islands for this purpose; and it was not till the 1st of January, 1841, that it entered the antarctic circle. Their subsequent adventures, deeply interesting as they are from the perils which they encountered, and the spirit and perseverance with which they were met, come hardly within our sphere to report. After an absence of four years, the expedition, as mentioned in last week's ECONOMIST, has returned to England, and the acquisitions to natural history, geology, geography, but above all towards the elucidation of the grand mystery of terrestrial magnetism, raise this voyage to a pre-eminent rank among the greatest achievements of British courage, intelligence, and enterprise.

RELIGIOUS WORSHIP.--CHURCH PROPERTY.--The following Parliamentary Return has just been printed, entitled, "A Return of the amount applied by Parliament during each year since 1800, in aid of the religious worship of the Church of England, of the Church of Scotland, of the Church of Rome, and of the Protestant Dissenters in England, Scotland, and Ireland, respectively, whether by way of augmentation of the income of the ministers of each religious persuasion, or for the erection and endowment of churches and chapels, or for any other purposes connected with the religious instruction of each such section of the population of the United Kingdom, with a summary of the whole amount applied during the above period in aid of the religions worship of each of the above classes." The abstract of sums paid to the Established Church shows that the total was 5,207,546_l._ which is divided in the following manner:--Church of England, 2,935,646_l._; Church of Scotland, 522,082_l._; Church of Ireland, 1,749,818_l._ Church of Rome.--The total sum paid to the Church of Rome is set forth at 365,607_l._ 1s. 2d. comprised in the following two items;--Augmentation of incomes (including Maynooth College), 362,893_l._ 8s. 1d.; erection and repairs of chapels, 2,113_l._ 13s. 1d. Protestant Dissenters.--The total sum is 1,019,647_l._ 13s. 11d. in England and Ireland. The recapitulation shows the following three sums:--Established Church, 5,207,546_l._; Church of Rome, 365,607_l._; and Protestant Dissenters, 1,019,647_l._ The sums were advanced from 1800 to 1842.

IMPERISHABLE BREAD.--On Wednesday, in the mayor's private room, at the Town hall, Liverpool, a box of bread was opened which was packed at Rio Janeiro nearly two years ago, and proved as sound, sweet, and in all respects as good, as on the day when it was enclosed. This bread is manufactured of a mixture in certain proportions of rice, meal, and wheat flour.

ST GEORGE'S CHAPEL, WINDSOR.--The extensive alterations and embellishments which have been in progress since the early part of May last (from which period the chapel has been closed), at an outlay of several thousands of pounds, throughout the interior of this sacred edifice, having been brought to a close, it was reopened for Divine service on Thursday.

FATHER MATHEW.--Father Mathew, after finishing his labours in the metropolis, went to Norwich, where he met the Bishop, who, in an earnest and eloquent speech, in St Andrew's hall, on Thursday week, introduced the reverend gentleman to that locality, and very warmly eulogized his conduct. Mr Gurney, the well-known Norwich banker, occupied the chair on this occasion, and seconded the Bishop in his patronage and approbation of the great temperance movement. After remaining at Norwich two or three days, Father Mathew started for Ireland, taking Birmingham and Liverpool in his way.

IMPORTATION OF FRUIT FROM ANTWERP.--On Thursday, the steam-packet _Antwerpen_, Captain Jackson, arrived at the St Katherine's Steam Packet Wharf, after an expeditious passage, from Antwerp. The continental orchards continue to supply our fruit markets with large supplies, the _Antwerpen_ having brought 4,000 packages, or nearly 2,800 bushels of pears, apples, plums, and filberts. Advices were received by the _Antwerpen_ that another extensive importation of fruit from Antwerp may be expected at the St Katherine's Steam Packet Wharf this day (Saturday), by the steam-packet _Princess Victoria_, Capt. Pierce.

LIEUT. HOLMAN, THE BLIND TRAVELLER.--This celebrated tourist and writer took his departure from Malta, on the 3rd of September, for Naples. He will afterwards proceed to the Roman States, and then to Trieste. During the few days of his residence in this island the greatest hospitality has been shown him. The veteran traveller had the honour of dining with his excellency the Governor, and with Admiral Sir E. Owen. Amidst all the vicissitudes of his perilous life and increasing age, he still maintains the same unabated thirst for travel, and his mental and bodily faculties appear to grow in activity and strength in the inverse ratio of his declining life and honoured grey hairs.

RAILWAY FROM WORCESTER TO CARDIFF.--It is proposed, by means of this new line, to connect the population of the north of England and the midland counties with the districts of South Wales and the south of Ireland. It will commence at the Taff Vale Railway, pass through Wales, cross the Severn, and unite with the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway at Worcester. The cost will be 1,500,000_l._

FRENCH OPINIONS ON SPANISH EVENTS.--The French journals are loud in condemning the poor Barcelonese for the very same acts which drew down the applause of these same journals a week ago. The following remarks from the _National_ render any of our own useless:--"It must be admitted that the French journals appreciate in a strange way the deplorable events in Spain. Some soldiers revolt at Madrid, without going any length of insurrection, or at all endangering the Government. General Narvaez comes, and without consulting Government or any one else, shoots eight non-commissioned officers. Straight our Ministerial journals exclaim, What an act of vigour! Vigour if you will; but where is the humanity, the wisdom, the justice? Then behold Barcelona, of which the people some weeks ago rose against the established and constitutional Government. What heroes! exclaimed the French Ministerial papers. Now they do the same thing, rising against a provisional and extra-constitutional Government. What brigands! exclaim the Ministerial writers. A few weeks back a Spanish Government defended itself with violence against those who attacked it. Regiments fired rounds of musketry, and the cannons of forts bombarded the rebellious towns. The French Ministerialists forthwith pronounced the Spanish Regent as a malefactor, and devoted him to the execration of the civilized world. Now, another Government, without the same right, follows precisely the same course as the one overthrown. It defends itself, fires, bombards, and pours forth grape from behind walls upon insurgent bands in the street. This same conduct is glorified as firm, as legitimate, as what not. The system of political morality changes, it seems, with men and with seasons. What was infamy in Espartero and Zurbano, is heroism and glory in Narvaez and Prim. What is more infamous than all this is the press, that thus displays itself in the light of a moral weathercock, shifting round to every wind."

STATISTICS OF THE METROPOLITAN POLICE.--By a return just issued in compliance with an order of the House of Commons relative to the City and Metropolitan Police Force, it appears that there are 20 superintendents in the metropolitan division, receiving from 200_l._ to 600_l._ per annum; 110 inspectors, whose salaries vary from 80_l._ to 200_l._ per annum; 465 sergeants, with incomes ranging from 60_l._ to 80_l._ per annum; and 3,790 constables, receiving from 44_l._ to 81_l._ per annum, including clothing and 40 pounds of coal weekly throughout the year. The amount paid on this account during the past year, including 3,620_l._ for superannuation and retiring allowances to officers and constables late of Bow-street horse patrol, and Thames police, amounted to 295,754_l._ In this is likewise included a sum of 9,721_l._ received from theatres, fairs, and races. The number of district surgeons is 60, and the amount paid for books, &c., is 757_l._ The total rate received during the past year from the various wards in the City of London and its liberties, for the maintenance of the City Police Force, is put down at 41,714_l._, and the expenditure at 41,315_l._, the gross pay, irrespective of other charges to the force, amounting to 29,800_l._

LOSS OF THE UNITED STATES STEAM FRIGATE "MISSOURI," AT GIBRALTAR, BY FIRE.--The superb American steam frigate _Missouri_, which was conveying the Hon. Caleb Cushing, American minister at China, to Alexandra, whilst at anchor in Gibraltar bay, on the 26th ult., was entirely consumed by fire. The fire broke out in the night, and raged with such determined fury as to baffle all the efforts of the crew, as well as that of the assistance sent from her Majesty's ship _Malabar_, and from the garrison. The magazines were flooded soon after the commencement of the fire; and, although a great many shells burst, yet, very fortunately, no accident happened to any of the crew. This splendid steamer was 2,600 tons and 600 horse power, and is said to have cost 600,000 dollars.

THE ALLEGED ARREST OF THE MURDERER OF MR DADD.--The following are the remarks of _Galignani's Messenger_ on the report in the English papers that Dadd was arrested at Fontainbleau:--"The above statement has been partially rumoured in town for the last two days, but not in a shape to warrant our publishing it in the _Messenger_. The police have been everywhere active in their researches for the fugitive; and we perceive, by the _Courrier de Lyons_, that, on Thursday night, all the hotels in that city were visited by their agents, in pursuit of two Englishmen, one of them supposed to be the unfortunate lunatic. These individuals had, however, quitted the town on their way to Geneva, previously to the visit of the police."

THE CARTOONS.--We understand that several of the prize cartoons, and a selection of some of the most interesting of the works of the unsuccessful competitors, have been removed from Westminster hall to the gallery of the Pantechnicon, Belgrave square, for further exhibition.

MACKEREL.--The Halifax papers state that the coast of Nova Scotia is now visited by mackerel and herrings in larger quantities than ever were known at this season. In the straits of Canso the people are taking them with seines, a circumstance without a parralel for the last 30 years.

The _Journal des Chemins de Fer_ says:--"An inventor announces that he has found a composition which will reduce to a mere trifle the price of rails for railroads. He replaces the iron by a combination of Kaolin clay (that used for making pottery and china) with a certain metallic substance, which gives a body so hard as to wear out iron, without being injured by it in turn."

COMMERCE AND COMMERCIAL MARKETS.

DOMESTIC.

FRIDAY NIGHT.--We are still without the arrival of the Indian Mail, nor has any explanation of its detention transpired, except that which we mentioned last week. No serious apprehension exists for its safety, as similar detentions, of even much greater duration, have been experienced in the arrival of the September Mail in former years, as a consequence of the monsoon.

In Manchester, during the week, the market has been somewhat flatter in goods suited for the Eastern markets, in consequence of merchants being anxious to receive their advices by the Indian Mail before extending their transactions materially at present prices. In the Yorkshire woollen markets a fair trade continues to be done; and in Bradford a very active demand has arisen for the goods peculiar to that neighbourhood. In the Scotch seats of manufactures, both woollen and cotton, the trade has considerably improved, especially in the demand for tartans of all kinds, in which there is a very active and brisk trade. In the iron districts, the trade continues without change since our last: most of the works are full of orders, at low prices. In the coal districts, in Northumberland and Durham, trade is without any improvement whatever, and this trade, as well as their shipping, is in the most depressed condition.

_INDIGO._--The transactions in this article have not been on a more extensive scale in our market than last week, but a good demand continues for the home trade, and occasionally a small advance upon the last July rates is paid on such sorts suitable for that branch, but there is almost no demand for export, the consumption of the article in foreign countries being this year unusually slack. The shipments to Russia, since the opening of the season, amount to only 2,209 chests, against 3,439 chests during the same time last year. A public sale was held yesterday, in Liverpool, of about 400 chests of East India, and 120 serons of Caracas. Of the former about 100 chests were withdrawn by the poprietors, but the remainder, together with the serons, sold briskly for the home trade, at prices about 3d. to 4d. per lb. higher than the previous nominal value, and rather above that of the London market. There are now 6,070 chests declared for the quarterly sale on the 10th of October; a great portion of it consists of good shipping sorts. It is supposed that several thousand chests more will be declared upon arrival of the Indian Mail, now due.

_COCHINEAL._--Only two small public sales were held this week, together of 97 serons. The first consisted of 30 serons Mexican, mostly silver, which sold at prices from 2d. to 3d. per lb. higher than those of last week. The lowest price for ordinary foxy silver was 4s. 4d. per lb. The second sale was held at higher prices still, in consequence of which the whole quantity was bought in.

_COTTON._--The purchases at Liverpool, for this week, will again reach the large quantity of about 40,000 bales, of which a considerable proportion is on speculation. Prices have been extremely firm, without any decided advance, however, there not being much importance attached, or faith given, to the statements that the American crop has suffered, which have been received by the Halifax and New York steamers, up to 1st inst. from the latter place.

In this market, business by private contract is again trifling. At public sales there have been offered 714 bales American, and 3,796 bales Surat; the former were held considerably above the value, and only 30 bales good fair were sold at 4-3/4d. in bond. Of the Surat about 2,300 bales found buyers, from 2-7/8d. to 3-1/8d. for middling, to 3-3/8d. to 3-1/2d. for fair; a few lots superior went at 3-5/8d. for good fair, and 4d. per lb. for good. The prices paid show an advance of 1/8d. to 1/4d. a lb. upon the last public sales of 24th August, and sustain the previous market rates, though the highest advance was conceded reluctantly, and not in many instances; there are buyers for low-priced cotton of every description, but there is little of it offering.

_SUGAR._--The purchases for home consumption have been upon a limited scale, and prices barely maintained. The same remark applies to foreign sugar. Only one cargo of Porto Rico sugar has been sold afloat, for a near port, at 18s., with conditions favourable to the buyer. At public sale 630 chests Bahia, and 120 chests, and 240 barrels Pernambuco, were almost entirely bought in at extreme rates: since when only about 170 chests of the brown Bahia have been placed at an average of 17s. 6d., and with 50 chests of the lowest white at 21s. to 21s. 6d.; by private contract 300 chests old yellow Havannah, of good quality, sold at 20s.

_COFFEE._--The home demand remains good; good and fine Jamaica fetched previous rates; a parcel of Ceylon, of somewhat better quality than the common run, sold at 51s. to 52s., which is rather dearer: very good Singapore Java sold at 36s. to 40s. In foreign Coffee a cargo of St Domingo has been sold afloat for Flanders at 26s. 6d. Two others being held above that price without finding a buyer, they have been sent on unsold. On the spot the transactions in coffee for export by private contract are quite insignificant, and of 650 bags old St Domingo _via_ Cape, only a small proportion sold at 28s. to 30s. for pale bold good ordinary.

_RICE._--About 4,000 bags of Bengal offered at public sale sold from 10s. to 11s. per cwt., establishing a decline of 3d. per cwt.

_SALTPETRE._--The market is sparingly supplied, and importers do not sell except upon extreme rates, which have been paid for about 3,000 bags, viz. from 23s. 6d. for very ordinary, to 25s. 6d. for good middling.

_CASSIA LIGNEA._--For small parcels offering in public sale full prices have been paid; fine by private contract as high as 70s.

_PIMENTO._--Fair quality has been sold 2-1/2d. to 2-5/8d., which is rather dearer.

_TALLOW._--The demand on the spot is not improved and the price unaltered, 41s. 9d. to 42s.; for forward delivery there is rather more disposition to purchase.

_RUM._--The demand is very limited, except for the finest qualities of Jamaica, and common are rather cheaper.

FOREIGN.

The accounts received from the United States up to the first of this month by the _Hibernia_ and _Great Western_ are favourable as regards commerce. The manufactories in the Union are reported to be in a state of considerable prosperity, notwithstanding which the demand for imports was increasing. The reports about the cotton crops were various; it was admitted that the weather had latterly been favourable. Large arrivals of wheat and flour were expected in the ports from the West.

The commercial reports received this week from the continent of Europe do not show any great activity in foreign markets, though the prices of Colonial produce are well maintained. Sugar was somewhat more in demand both at Antwerp and Hamburg. In Coffee there was rather less doing at both places.

* * * * *

PRICES CURRENT, SEPT. 16, 1843.

CORN MARKETS.

_(From Messrs Gillies and Horne's Circular.)_

CORN EXCHANGE, MONDAY, SEPT. 11.--The weather continued most beautiful here until yesterday, when we had some heavy thunder showers, and to-day is gloomy, damp and close. The wind, what little there is of it, is north. The arrivals during last week were moderate except of Foreign Wheat and Barley, of which of course there is yet some quantity to arrive. The new English Wheat coming soft in hand, is slow sale at 1s. to 2s. reduction--free Foreign finds buyers for mixing at last week's currency. Barley is dull sale at last week's rates. Oats are 6d. to 1s. lower. Some new Irish have appeared of fine quality. There is no change in Beans and Peas. Flour is the same as last week.

CORN EXCHANGE, FRIDAY, SEPT. 15.--The weather threatened to be stormy yesterday, the barometer fell, and we had some heavy drops of rain, but it has since cleared up, and to-day is 10 degrees warmer and beautifully clear, with the wind south east. In Ireland and Scotland there was a good deal of rain on Sunday and Monday, which (we understand) stopped the harvest work for the time, but we hope by this time they have it fine again. The new English Wheat comes to hand softer and lighter than at first; as usual after being stacked, the yield is much complained of, besides that many of the stacks got so soaked by the heavy rains of the 21st and 23rd of August, that the condition of the Wheat is sadly spoiled. The arrivals are moderate this week, except of Irish Oats, several small parcels of which are of the new crop; there is also a small parcel of new Scotch Barley in fine condition, and new Scotch Oats, also good. Almost all the Wheat has been entered at the 14s. duty; we believe it is over 300,000 qrs. New English Wheat is dull sale: Foreign, on the other hand, is more inquired for, and not to be purchased in any quantity except at 1s. advance. Barley is saleable in retail at Monday's prices. Oats are again 6d. cheaper than on Monday, except for very fine samples. The averages lead us to suppose that on the 21st instant the duty on Foreign Wheat will rise to 16s. per qr.; on Barley it will remain 6s.; on Oats 6s.; on Rye it will rise to 9s. 6d.; on Beans it will remain 10s. 6d.; and on Peas, 9s. 6d.

LONDON AVERAGES.

For the week ending September 12.

---------------------------------------------------------------------
Wheat. Barley. Oats. Rye. Beans. Peas.
-----------+----------+-------------+----------+----------+----------
4.113 qrs. | 345 qrs. | 25,600 qrs. | 50 qrs. | 147 qrs. | 132 qrs.
51s. 6d. | 32s. 2d. | 18s. 9d. | 30s. 2d. | 30s. 2d. | 42s. 1d.
-----------+----------+-------------+----------+----------+----------

IMPERIAL AVERAGES.

--------------------+--------+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------
| Wheat. | Barley. | Oats. | Rye. | Beans. | Peas.
--------------------+--------+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------
Weeks ending | s. d. | s. d. | s. d. | s. d. | s. d. | s. d.
Aug. 10th | 60 9 | 32 4 | 21 5 | 37 1 | 31 9 | 31 4
-- 17th | 61 2 | 32 11 | 21 9 | 38 7 | 32 1 | 33 7
-- 24th | 59 9 | 33 11 | 21 5 | 37 1 | 32 6 | 34 9
-- 31st | 56 8 | 32 11 | 20 7 | 31 8 | 31 10 | 33 9
Sept. 7th | 54 2 | 31 11 | 20 5 | 31 1 | 32 4 | 32 1
-- 14th | 53 0 | 31 11 | 19 7 | 31 3 | 31 9 | 33 8
+--------+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------
Aggregate of six | | | | | |
weeks | 57 7 | 32 8 | 20 10 | 34 6 | 32 0 | 33 8
--------------------+--------+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------
Duties till Sept. | | | | | |
20th inclu. | 15 0 | 6 0 | 6 0 | 8 6 | 10 6 | 9 6
On Grain from B. | | | | | |
Possession out | | | | | |
of Europe | 2 0 | 0 6 | 2 0 | 0 6 | 1 6 | 1 0
--------------------+--------+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------

Flour--Foreign, 9s. 0d. per 196lbs.--British possession, 1s. 2d. ditto.

PRICE OF SUGAR.

The average price of brown or Muscovado sugar for the week ending September 12, 1843, is 34s. 1-3/4d. per cwt., exclusive of the duties of Customs paid or payable thereon on the importation thereof into Great Britain.

SMITHFIELD MARKET.

MONDAY.--There was a considerable and beneficial improvement in trade to-day for everything, but not, however, permanent; at least, the causes which produced the change this morning would not authorise a different conclusion, and the salesmen of the market, although looking forward to a very fair state of things next Monday, do not anticipate that the improvement will last the next succeeding Monday. It appears that London is clear of meat, the which, with small supplies of everything to-day, is the sole immediate cause of the improvement, for, notwithstanding that the market was well attended by both town and country butchers and stock-takers, they, nevertheless, at the opening of the market, appeared disposed to purchase briskly, on the supposition, according to the returns of over-night, that the supplies were large, but when this statement was discovered to be erroneous they then bought freely, and higher prices were more readily given.

FRIDAY.--In consequence of the supply of beasts on sale being large for the time of year, we have to report a very heavy demand for beef, and in some instances the quotations declined 2d. per 8 lbs. From Scotland nearly 200 lots were received fresh up. Prime old downs maintained their previous value; but that of all other kinds of sheep had a downward tendency. In lambs very little was doing, at barely Monday's quotations. Calves moved off heavily, at a reduction of 2d. per 8 lbs. The pork trade was unusually dull, at previous currencies. Milch cows sold slowly at from 16_l._ to 20_l._ each.

-----------------------------------------+--------------------------------- Prices per Stone. | At Market. -----------------------------------------+--------------------------------- Monday. Friday. | Monday. Friday. Beef 3s 0d to 4s 2d 2s 8d to 4s 0d | Beasts 2,840 800 Mutton 3s 2d to 4s 4d 2s 10d to 4s 4d | Calves 149 373 Veal 3s 6d to 4s 8d 3s 6d to 4s 6d | Sheep and Lambs 32,840 9,210 Pork 3s 6d to 4s 8d 3s 0d to 3s 10d | Pigs 410 326 Lamb 4s 0d to 5s 0d 3s 4d to 4s 8d | -----------------------------------------+---------------------------------

Prices of Hay and Straw, per load of 36 trusses.

Hay, 3_l._ 5s. 0d. to 4_l._ 8s. 0d.
Clover, 4_l._ 4s. 0d. to 5_l._ 8s. 0d.
Straw, 1_l._ 18s. 0d. to 2_l._ 4s. 0d.

BOROUGH HOP-MARKET.

MONDAY.--There was no business whatever transacted during last week, and even the duty remains without fluctuation. In this state of inactivity the effects of the Metropolitan Total Abstinence movement was a topic of interest to the trade. As it appears that nearly 70,000 persons took the pledge, the consumption of malt liquor must seriously diminished, and the demand for Hops will consequently be very considerably decreased. It is fortunate, therefore, for the planters that this year's growth is not large, otherwise the prices would have been seriously low, and although that crop is not only about an average, yet from this diminished consumption, which is likely to progress, the value of the new will not be more than last year, and possibly even less. There have been a few small lots of 1843's at market, which go off very slowly.

FRIDAY.--About ten pockets of new hops have been disposed of this week at from 7_l._ to 8_l._ per cwt. We are now almost daily expecting large supplied from Kent and Sussex, as picking is now going on rapidly. In old hops scarcely any business is doing, while the duty is called 150,000_l._

LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET.

SEPT. 14.--A large amount of business has been transacted in cotton at this day's market. The sales, inclusive of 5,000 American bought on speculation, have consisted of 10,000 bales.

SEPT. 15.--We have a fair inquiry for Cotton this morning, and there is no change whatever in the general temper of the market.

COAL MARKET.

Buddle's West Hartley, 15s.; Davison's West Hartley, 15s. 6d.; Fenham, 13s. 6d.; Hastings Hartley, 15s.; Holywell Main, 15s. 6d.; New Tanfield, 14s.; Ord's Redheugh, 12s. 6d.; Pontop Windsor, 12s. 6d.; Tanfield Moor, 16s. 6d.; West Pelton, 12s. 9d,; West Hartley, 15s. 6d.; West Wylam, 14s. 6d.; Wylam, 14s. 6d. Wall's End:--Clennell, 14s. 6d.; Clarke and Co, 14s.; Hilda, 15s. 6d.; Riddell's, 16s. 9d.; Braddyll's Hetton, l8s. 9d.; Haswell, 19s.; Hetton, 18s. 6d.; Lambton, 18s. 3d.; Morrison, 16s.; Russell's Hetton, 18s,; Stewart's, 18s. 6d.; Whitwell, 17s.; Cassop, 18s.; Hartlepool, 16s. 6d.; Heselden, 16s, 6d.; Quarrington, 17s.; Trimdon, 17s. 6d.; Adelaide, 18s.; Barrett, 16s. 9d.; Bowburn, 15s. 6d.; South Durham, 17s.; Tees, 17s. 9d.; Cowpen Hartley, 15s. 6d.; Lewis's Merthyr, 19s. 6d.; Killingworth, 16s. Fifty-nine ships arrived since last day.

THE GAZETTE.

_Tuesday, September 12._

DECLARATIONS OF INSOLVENCY.

J. Halls, Wilkes street, Spitalfields, braid manufacturer.--J. Brooke, Liverpool, cupper.--J. Thorburn, Hillhouse, Yorkshire, warehouseman.--J. Allwright, Basingstoke, Hampshire, boot maker.--J. Bland, Leeds, eatinghouse keeper.--W.S. Lawrence, Essex place, Grange-road, Dalston, out of business.--T. Leete, Finedon, Northamptonshire, butcher.--W, Simpson, Elland Upper Edge, Yorkshire, woollen spinner.--D. M'George, Huddersfield, tea dealer.--W. Hall, Cockhill, Wiltshire, out of business.--T. Mercer, Wansdon house, Fulham, out of business.--W. Elliott, Berners street, Oxford street, waiter at an hotel.--C.T. Jones, Charles street, Berkeley square, out of business.--T. Price, Cardiff road, Monmouthshire, coal dealer.--W. Williams, Newport, Monmouthshire, out of business.--W.G. Still, High street, Poplar, hair dresser.--T. Cook, Giltspur street, City, tailor.--J. Mayson, Marlborough road, Old Kent road, commission agent.--D. Taylor, Meltham, Yorkshire, licensed tea dealer.--W.W. Greaves, Newark-upon-Trent, Nottinghamshire, corn dealer.--C.H. Balls, Beccles, Suffolk, chemist.--J. Chapman (commonly known as J. Fitzjames), Bridges street, Covent garden, comedian.

BANKRUPTCY ANNULLED.

JONES, T., Liverpool, coal dealer.

BANKRUPTS.

SHARP, R., jun., Faversham, Kent, draper. [Reed and Shaw, Friday street, Cheapside.

PEARSALL, C., Anderton, Cheshire, boiler maker. [Sharp and Co., Bedford row.

JOHNSON, T., late of Great Bridge, Staffordshire, draper. [Messrs Nicolls and Pardoe, Bewdley.

HOLT, W.J.; Grantham, Lincolnshire, tea dealer. [Messrs Hill and Matthews, St Mary Axe.

DECLARATIONS OF DIVIDENDS.

J.O. Palmer, Liverpool, music seller--first dividend of 6s. in the pound, any Wednesday after December 1, payable at 31 Basinghall street, City.--D. Ellis, Haverhill, Suffolk, draper--first dividend of 5s. 10d. in the pound, any Wednesday after December 1, payable at 31 Basinghall street.--P.J. Papillon, Leeds, wine merchant--first dividend of 2s. in the pound, on any Monday or Wednesday after October 4, payable at 15 Benson's buildings, Basinghall street, Leeds.--E. Cragg, Kendal, Westmoreland, innkeeper--first dividend of 2s. in the pound, on October 7, or on any succeeding Saturday, payable at 57 Grey street, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

DIVIDENDS.

October 5, T. and J. Parker, J. Rawlinson, W. Abbott, J. Hanson, J. Bell, T. Chadwick, A. Emsley, R. Kershaw, J. Musgrave, J. Wooller, T. Pullan, J. Shaw, G. Eastburn, and D. Dixon, Leeds, dyers.--October 10, T. Bell, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, tea dealer.--October 10, J.G. Pallister and J.M.B. Newrick, Sunderland, Durham, grocers.--October 4, J. Fletcher, Maryport, Cumberland, boiler manufacturer.--October 11, J. Todd. Hylton ferry, Durham, ship builder.--October 3, J. Parke, Liverpool, druggist.--October 4, S. Boult and T. Addison, Liverpool, stock brokers.--October 7, T. Bourne, Liverpool, cotton broker.--October 14, H. Merridew, Coventry, ribbon manufacturer.

CERTIFICATES.

October 5, F. Robert, New Bond street, and Gower street North, coal merchant.--October 5, J. Bowie, Shoe lane, City, grocer.--October 14, J. Barnes, 14 Commercial place. Commercial road, engineer.--October 4, J. Davies, Westminster road, Lambeth, linendraper.--October 11, M. Jackson, East Thickley Steam mill, Durham, miller.--October 10, J. Todd, Hylton ferry, Durham, ship builder.--October 3, J. Gallop, jun., Bedminster, Bristol, painter.--October 12, G.B. Worboys, Bristol, perfumer.--October 4, R. Crosbie, Sutton, Cheshire, tea dealer.--October 7, C. Holebrook, Uttoxeter, Staffordshire, plumber.--October 17, J. Hedderly, Nottingham, druggist.--October 5, J. Oates, Glossop, Derbyshire, innkeeper.

CERTIFICATES, OCTOBER 3.

W. Pugh, Gloucester, auctioneer.--J. Lockwood, Wakefield, Yorkshire, and St. John's, New Brunswick, linendraper.--H. Francis, Feoek, Cornwall, agent.--G. Chapman, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, grocer.--E. Wheeler, Birmingham, corn dealer.--J. A. Boden, Sheffield, razor manufacturer.--W. Woodward, Birmingham, tailor.--S. J. Manning, 28 Camomile street, City, and Halleford, near Shepperton, manufacturer of bitters.

PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED.

Elizabeth O'Connor and Mary Rossiter, Brighton, Sussex, milliners.--C. Weatherley and H. O'Neil, Wilkes street, Spitalfields, and Ferdinand street, Camden town, fancy trimming manufacturers.--H.I. Isaacs and D. Israel, Duke street, Aldgate, City, poulterers.--J. Davis and A. Mottram, Warrington, Lancashire, timber merchants,--M. Fortier and Emile and Anna Levilly, Bruton street, Berkeley square, milliners.--T. and G. Stevenson, Dudley, Worcestershire, tailors.--D. Israel and J. Lyons, St Mary-axe, City, trunk makers.--W. Fairbairn, J. Hetherington, and J. Lee, Manchester, machine makers.--E. Archer, H. Ewbank, jun., and A.P.W. Philip, Gravel lane, Southwark, Surrey.--J.M. Pott and J. Midworth, Newark-upon-Trent, auctioneers.--T.P. Holden, T. Parker, and W. Burrow, Liverpool, upholsterers (as regards W. Burrow).--W.L. Springett, T. Beale, and E. Kine, Southwark, Surrey, hop merchants (as regards W.L. Springett).

SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS.

A. Dunn, Keithock Mills, near Coupar-Angus, farmer.--D. M'Intyre, jun., Fort William, merchant.

* * * * *

_Friday, September 15._

BANKRUPTS.

GREENSLADE, W., Gray's inn lane, builder. [Oldershaw, King's Arms yard. BONE, G.B., Camberwell, builder. [Meymott and Sons, Blackfriars road. LEWIS, R.W., Shenfield, Essex, farmer. [Watson and Co., Falcon square. PHILLIPS, S., Brook street, Hanover square, carpet warehousman. [Reed and Shaw, Friday street, Cheapside. PINO, T.P., Liverpool, ship chandler. [Chester and Toulmin, Staple inn. HOOLE, W., Sheffield, leather dresser. [Branson, Sheffield. CAMBRIDGE, R.J., Cheltenham, wine merchant. [Packwood, Cheltenham. METCALF, E., Middlesbrough, Yorkshire, currier. [Blackburn, Leeds. DUFFIELD, C., Bath, grocer [Jay, Serjeants' inn. POPPLETON, C., York, linen manufacturer. [Blackburn, Leeds. LISTER, J.C., Wolverhampton, wine merchant. [Phillips and Bolton, Wolverhampton.

DECLARATIONS OF INSOLVENCY.

J. Brooke, Liverpool, cupper.--J. Thorburn, Hillhouse, Yorkshire, warehouseman.--J. Bland, Leeds, eating house keeper.--W.S. Lawrence, Essex place, Hackney, bank clerk.--T. Leete, Finedon, Northamptonshire, butcher.--W. Simpson, Elland Upper Edge, Yorkshire, woollen-spinner.--W. Hall, Cockhill, Wiltshire.--D. M'George, Huddersfield, tea dealer.--T. Mercer, Wansdown house, Fulham--W. Elliott, Berner's street, Oxford street, waiter.--C.T. Jones, Charles street, Berkeley square.--T. Price, Cardiffmouth, coal dealer.--W. Williams, George street, Newport.--W. G. Still, High street, Poplar, tobacconist.--T. Cook, Giltspur street, City, tailor,--J. Mayson, Marlborough road, Old Kent road, commission agent.--D. Taylor, Aldmondbury, Yorkshire, tea dealer.--W.W. Greaves, Newark-upon-Trent, corn dealer.--C. H. Balls, Ringsfield, Suffolk, chemist.--J. Chapman, Bridges street, Covent garden, comedian.--J. Robinson, Edmonton, butcher.--G. Dickinson, Chenies mews, Bedford square, coach painter.--J. Murphy, Gloucestershire, coachman.--J. Burnham, Harrold, Bedfordshire, chemist.--W.L. Phillips, Kennington green, omnibus proprietor.--J.D. Lockhart, Poplar, tobacconist.--J. Wilkinson, Cheltenham, licensed victualler.--J.D. Hubbarde, Wakefield, printer.--J. Ames, Holywell, Flintshire, licensed victualler.--S. Bone, Greenwich, cabinet maker.--J. Davis, Great Bolton, Lancashire, sawyer.--J. Pollard, Batley, Yorkshire, blanket manufacturer.--S. M'Millan, Llangollen, Denbighshire, tea dealer.--S. Brook, Birstal, Yorkshire, grocer.--F. Wormald, Birstal, Yorkshire, blacksmith.--W. Barnes, Knightsbridge, shopkeeper.--H. Manley, Belvidere buildings, St George the Martyr, Surrey, coach builder.--W. Jeffery, Queen street, Brompton, horse dealer.--R.W. Webb, Saville row, Walworth road, attorney.

* * * * *

BIRTHS.

On the 10th inst., in Milman street, Bedford row, the wife of S.S. Teulon, Esq. of a son.

On the 13th inst., at Nottingham place, the wife of Thomas A.H. Dickson, Esq., of a son.

MARRIAGES.

At St George's Church, Hanover square, Miss Louisa Georgina Augusta Anne Murray, only daughter of General the Right Honourable Sir George Murray, G.C.B., Master-General of the Ordnance, to Henry George Boyce, Esq., of the 2nd Life Guards, eldest son of Mr and the late Lady Amelia Boyce.

On the 13th inst., at Kintbury, Berks, Lieutenant-Colonel J.A. Butler, to Martha, daughter of the late William Bruce Smith, Esq., of Starborough Castle, Surrey.

On the 13th inst., at Rickmansworth Church, John, second son of Thomas Weall, Esq., of Woodcote Lodge, Beddington, to Susanna, eldest daughter of W. White, Esq., of Chorleywood.

DEATHS.

On the 7th inst., aged 69 years, the Rev. William Porter, who was for 44 years minister of the Presbyterian congregation of Newtownlimavady; for fourteen years clerk to the General Synod of Ulster; the first moderator of the Remonstrant Synod, and clerk to the same reverend body since its formation.

At Bath, General W. Brooke. The deceased general, who had served with distinction throughout the Peninsular war, had been upwards of fifty years in the army.

On Sunday, the 10th instant, after a lengthened illness, at the family residence in Great George street, Mr John Crocker Bulteel. He married, May 13, 1826, Lady Elizabeth Grey, second daughter of Earl Grey, by whom he leaves a youthful family. Lady Elizabeth Bulteel, who is inconsolable at her bereavement, has gone to Viscount Howick's residence, near Datchet.

ADVERTISEMENTS.

YORK and LONDON LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY,
King William-street, London. Empowered by Act of Parliament.

GEORGE FREDERICK YOUNG, Esq., Chairman.
MATHEW FORSTER, Esq. M.P. Deputy Chairman.

The superiority of the system of Assurance adopted by this Company, will be found in the fact that the premium required by a bonus office to assure 1,000_l._ on the life of a person in the 20th year of his age would in this office insure 1,291_l._ 7s. 6d.

Assurances at other ages are effected on equally favourable terms, and thus the assured has an immediate bonus instead of a chance dependent upon longevity and the profits of an office. In cases of assurance for a limited number of years, the advantage offered by this Company is still greater, no part of the profits of a bonus office being ever allotted to such assurances.

Prospectuses, containing tables framed to meet the circumstances of all who desire to provide for themselves or those who may survive them by assurance, either of fixed sums or annuities, may be had at the office as above, or of the agents.

JOHN REDDISH, Sec.

* * * * *

H. WALKER'S NEEDLES (by authority the "Queen's own"), in the illustrated Chinese boxes, are now in course of delivery to the trade. The needles have large eyes, easily threaded (even by blind persons), and improved points, temper, and finish. Each paper is labelled with a likeness of her Majesty or his Royal Highness Prince Albert, in relief on coloured grounds. Every quality of needles, fish hooks, hooks and eyes, steel pens, &c. for shipping. These needles or pens for the home trade are sent, free by post, by any respectable dealer, on receipt of 13 penny stamps for every shilling value.--H. Walker, manufacturer to the Queen, 20 Maiden lane, Wood street, London.

* * * * *

ONE HUNDRED FOREIGN MARBLE CHIMNEY-PIECES ON VIEW.

THE WESTMINSTER MARBLE COMPANY have now completed their Machinery, which will enable them in future to supply every variety of Marble Work at a considerable reduction in price.

A neat Box Belgium Marble Chimney-piece, with Moulded Caps, 3 feet high, can be supplied from 1_l._ to 2_l._

A Best Vein Marble Chimney-piece, from 2_l._ to 3_l._

A liberal commission for all orders will be allowed to the Trade; and those persons wishing to act as Agents, can have a Book of Designs forwarded by enclosing Twenty Postage Stamps.

Direct, "The Westminster Marble Company, Earl street, Horseferry road."

* * * * *

CARRIAGES.--The attention of Gentlemen about purchasing, or having carriages to dispose of, is invited to MARKS and Co.'s London Carriage Repository, Langham place. An immense stock, new and second hand, by eminent builders, is always on sale, and a candid opinion of each carriage will be given as to its quality and condition. Invalid carriages for any journey. Carriages to be let on yearly job.

* * * * *

WONDERFUL CURE!--Read the following interesting facts, communicated by Mr Brown, bookseller, Gainsborough:--

"To Messrs T. Roberts and Co. Crane court, Fleet street, London, Proprietors of Parr's Life Pills.

"Gentlemen, "West Stockwith, Aug. 11, 1843.

"I, James Jackson Easton, do hereby testify, that, by taking your excellent Parr's Life Pills, I have derived greater benefit than in using all the other medicines I have tried since 1841; about which time I was attacked with severe illness, accompanied with excruciating pain and trembling, with large rupture. For the last six months I have had no return of this illness, nor the least appearance of the last-mentioned symptom. Through the mercy of God, I do at present feel perfectly recovered from it. I still continue the occasional use of your excellent Pills.--I am gentlemen, respectfully yours,

J.J. EASTON."

Sold by all respectable medicine venders, in boxes at 1s. 1-1/2d. 2s. 9d. and 11s.--See the words "Parr's Life Pills," in white letters on a red ground, engraved on the Government stamp.

EUROPEAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, No. 10 Chatham place, Blackfriars, London.

Established, January, 1819.

PRESIDENT.
Sir James Rivett Carnac, Bart.

VICE-PRESIDENT.
George Forbes, Esq. No. 9 Fitzroy square.

With Twelve Directors.

Facilities are offered by this long-established Society to suit the views and the means of every class of insurers. Premiums are received yearly, half-yearly, or quarterly, or upon an increasing or decreasing scale. An insurance of 100_l._ may be effected on the ascending scale by an annual premium for the first five years of 1_l._ 9s. at the age of 25; 1_l._ 12s. 6d. at 30; 1_l._ 17s. at 35; 2_l._ 2s 5d. at 40; and 2_l._ 9s. 6d. at 45; or, one-half only of the usual rate, with interest on the remainder, will be received for five or seven years, the other half to be paid at the convenience of the assured.

The insured for life participate septennially; in the profits realised.

A liberal commission is allowed to Solicitors and Agents.

DAVID FOGGO, Secretary.

N.B. Agents are wanted in towns where none have yet been appointed.

* * * * *

BRITANNIA LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY, 1 Princes street, Bank, London.

Empowered by Special Act of Parliament, IV Vict. cap. IX.

DIRECTORS.

William Bardgett, Esq.
Samuel Bevington, Esq.
Wm. Fechney Black, Esq.
John Brightman, Esq.
George Cohen, Esq.
Millis Coventry, Esq.
John Drewett, Esq.
Robert Eglinton, Esq.
Erasmus Rt. Foster, Esq.
Alex. Robert Irvine, Esq.
Peter Morison, Esq.
Henry Lewis Smale, Esq.
Thomas Teed, Esq.

AUDITORS.

J.B. Bevington, Esq.; F.P. Cockerill, Esq.; J.D. Dow, Esq.

MEDICAL OFFICER.

John Clendinning, M.D. F.R.S. 16 Wimpolestreet, Cavendish square.

STANDING COUNSEL.

The Hon. John Ashley, New square, Lincoln's inn.
Mr Serjeant Murphy, M.P. Temple.

SOLICITOR.

William Bevan, Esq. Old Jewry.

BANKERS.

Messrs Drewett and Fowler, Princes street, Bank.

This Institution is empowered by a special Act of Parliament, and is so constituted as to afford the benefits of Life Assurance in their fullest extent to Policy-holders, and to present greater facilities and accommodation than are usually offered by other Companies.

Assurances may either be effected by Parties on their own Lives, or by Parties interested therein on the Lives of Others.

The effect of an Assurance on a person's own life is to create at once a Property in Reversion, which can by no other means be realized. Take, for instance, the case of a person at the age of Thirty, who, by the payment of 5_l._ 3s. 4d. to the Britannia Life Assurance Company, can become at once possessed of a bequeathable property, amounting to 1,000_l._, subject only to the condition of his continuing the same payment quarterly during the remainder of his life--a condition which may be fulfilled by the mere saving of Eight Shillings weekly in his expenditure. Thus, by the exertion of a very slight degree of economy--such indeed, as can scarcely be felt as an inconvenience, he may at once realise a capital of 1,000_l._, which he can bequeath or dispose of in any way he may think proper.

A Table of Decreasing Rates of Premium on a novel and remarkable plan; the Policy-holder having the option of discontinuing the payment of all further Premiums after Twenty, Fifteen, Ten, and even Five years; and the Policy still remaining in force--in the first case, for the full amount originally assured; and in either of the three other cases, for a portion of the same according to a fixed and equitable scale endorsed upon the Policy.

Increasing Rates of Premium on a new and remarkable plan for securing Loans or Debts; a less immediate payment being required on a Policy for the whole term of Life than in any other Office.

Age of the Assured in every case admitted in the Policy.

All claims payable within one Month after proof of death.

Medical Attendants remunerated in all cases for their reports.

Extract from Increasing Rates of Premium, for an Assurance of
100_l._ for Whole Term of Life.

-----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| Annual Premiums payable during |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 1st Five | 2nd Five | 3rd Five | 4th Five | Remainder |
Age | Years. | Years. | Years. | Years. | of Life. |
-----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| £. s. d.| £. s. d.| £. s. d.| £. s. d.| £. s. d.|
20 | 1 1 4 | 1 5 10 | 1 10 11 | 1 16 9 | 2 3 8 |
30 | 1 6 4 | 1 12 2 | 1 19 1 | 2 7 4 | 2 17 6 |
40 | 1 16 1 | 2 4 4 | 2 14 6 | 3 7 3 | 4 3 4 |
50 | 2 16 7 | 3 9 4 | 4 5 5 | 5 6 3 | 6 13 7 |
-----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+

Detailed Prospectuses, and every requisite information as to the mode of effecting Assurances, may be obtained at the Office.

PETER MORRISON, Resident Director.

*** A Board of Directors attend daily at Two o'clock, for the despatch of Business.

* * * * *

PANCLIBANON IRON WORKS, BAZAAR, No. 58 BAKER STREET, PORTMAN SQUARE. LONDON.--Gentlemen about to furnish, or going abroad, will find it worth their attention to look into the above Establishment, where they will find the largest assortment of General Furnishing Ironmongery ever offered to the Public, consisting of tin, copper, and iron cooking utensils, table cutlery, best Shffield plate, German silver wares, papier machee tea trays, tea and coffee urns, stove grates, kitchen ranges, fenders and fire-irons, baths of all kinds, shower, hot, cold, vapour, plunging, &c. Ornamental iron and wire works for conservatories, lawns, &c. and garden engines. All articles are selected of the very best description, and offered at exceedingly low prices, for cash only; the price of each article being made in plain figures.

* * * * *

LIMBIRD'S MAGNUM BONUM PENS.--One dozen highly-finished Steel Pens, with Holder, in a box, for 6d.; name-plate engraved for 2s. 6d.; 100 cards printed for 2s. 6d,; crest and name engraved on visiting card for 6s.; arms and crests for book plates on the most reasonable terms; travelling writing-desks at 9s. 6d. 10s. 6d. 12s. 6d. and 14s 6d. each; dressing-cases from 6s. 6d. each; blotting-books in great variety, from 9d.; with locks, 2s. each; royal writing-papers--diamond, five quires for 1s. 2d.; the Queen's and Prince Albert's size, five quires for 1s. 6d.; envelopes, 6d. 9d. and 1s. the 100; and every article in stationery, of the best quality and lowest prices, at Limbird's, 143 Strand, facing Catherine street.

* * * * *

PIANOFORTES.--Messrs MOORE and CO. Makers of the Improved Pianofortes, are now selling their delightful Instruments as follows:--A Mahogany Piccolo, the best that can be made, in a plain but fashionable case, only 28_l._; a 6-1/2 Octave ditto, only 32_l._; a Cottage ditto, only 32_l._; a 6-1/2 Octave Cottage ditto, only 38_l._ Cabinets of all descriptions. All warranted of the very best quality, packed free of expense, and forwarded to any part of the world. Some returned from hire at reduced prices.

Moore and Co. 138 Bishopsgate street Without, near Sun steet.

Just Published, Two thick Volumes, 8vo. illustrated with Six large important Maps, 4_l._ cloth,

A DICTIONARY, GEOGRAPHICAL, STATISTICAL, and HISTORICAL, of the various Countries, Places and principal Natural Objects in the WORLD. By J.R. M'Culloch, Esq.

"The extent of information this Dictionary affords on the subjects referred to in its title is truly surprising. It cannot fail to prove a vade-mecum to the student, whose inquiries will be guided by its light, and satisfied by its clear and frequently elaborated communications. Every public room in which commerce, politics, or literature, forms the subject of discussion, ought to be furnished with these volumes."--Globe.

London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.

* * * * *

Just published in 8vo. price 2s. 6d.

RAILWAY REFORM--Its Expediency, Practicability, and Importance Considered, with a copious Appendix, containing an account of all the Railways in Great Britain and Ireland, Parliamentary Returns, &c.

"An excellent pamphlet."--Morning Herald.

"The subject is very fully, earnestly, and ably investigated."--Morning Advertiser.

"Remarkable for originality of design, boldness of execution, and minuteness in statistical detail."--Sun.

"We would recommend all who have an interest in Railways to purchase this work."--Sentinel.

Pelham Richardson, Cornhill.

* * * * *

LA'MERT ON NERVOUS DEBILITY, GENERAL AND LOCAL WEAKNESS, &c.

Just published, Seventh Edition, price 2s. 6d. or free by post for 3s. 6d.

SELF-PRESERVATION; a popular Essay on the Concealed Causes of Nervous Debility, Local and General Weakness, Indigestion, Lowness of Spirits, Mental Irritability, and Insanity; with Practical Observations on their Treatment and Cure. By SAMUEL LA'MERT, Consulting Surgeon, 9 Bedford street, Bedford square, London; Matriculated Member of the University of Edinburgh; Honorary Member of the London Hospital Medical Society; Licentiate of Apothecaries' Hall, London, &c.

Published by the Author; and sold in London by S. Gilbert, 51 and 52 Paternoster row; Field, 65 Quadrant; Gordon, 146 Leadenhall street; Noble, 109 Chancery lane; and by all Booksellers.

"The design of this work will be tolerably obvious from its title, and we cordially recommend the author and his book to all who are suffering from nervous debility and general weakness. Mr La'Mert has treated the subject in a very scientific and intelligible manner."--Wakefield Journal.

At home every day till Three, and from Five till Eight.

* * * * *

THE FOURTEENTH THOUSAND.

Just Published, in a Sealed Envelope, Price 3s.; and sent free, on receiving a Post office Order for 3s. 6d.

MANHOOD; the CAUSES of its PREMATURE DECLINE, with Plain Directions for its PERFECT RESTORATION; followed by Observations on Marriage, and the Treatment of Mental and Nervous Debility, Incapacity, Warm Climate, and Cure of the Class of Diseases resulting therefrom. Illustrated with Cases, &c. By J.L. Curtis and Co. Consulting Surgeons, London. Fourteenth Edition.

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The Economist, Volume 1, No. 3Chapter IV: Part 4

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