Chapter C (1)

Auctorites I haue written to the
An .c.; late theyme be take agre,[588]
For a woman lerned Augustus
To be worchipped and taught hym thus.

Cesar Augustus was Emperoure off the Romayns and off all [Sidenote: f. 75.] the worlde, and because thet in th[e] tyme of his reygne pes was in all þe world and that he reyngned pesibily, lewed pepill and misse-beleueres thought that the pes was becawse of his goodnes; but it was notte, for it was Crist Jhesu, the which was borne off the Virgine Mary and was that tyme on þe erth, and as long as he was on erth, it was pes ouer all the worlde. So they wold haue worchippede Cesar as God; but thanne Sebille bad hym to be well ware that he made hyme note to be worchipped, and that ther was no God but on alone, þe which had made all thynges. And thanne she lede hyme to an hy mounteyn withowte the cete and in the sone by the will of owre Lord aperyd a Vergine holdyng a Childe.[589] Sibille shewed it to hym and seyd to hyme that ther was very God, the which shuld be worchipped, and than Cesar worchippede hym. And becaus that Ceesar Augustus, the [which] was prince off all the wor[l]de, lerned to knowe God and the Beleve off a woman, to the purpose may be seide the auctorite that Hermes seith, “Be not ashamed to here trowth and good techyngges of whom that euer seith it, for trouth noblyth hym þat pronounceth it.”

There where Othea seith that she hath wreten to hym an .c. [Sidenote: f. 75b.] auctorites and that Augustus lerned of a woman, it is to vndirstond that good wordes and good techynges is to prayse of what persone þat seith it.[590] Howe[591] de Seint Victor spekyth hereof in a boke called Didascalicon, that a wyse man gladdely herith all maner of techynges; he dispisyth not the Scriptur, he dispyseth not the person, he dispiseth not the doctrine; he sekyth indifferently ouer all, and all that euer he seth the which he hath defaute; he considerith notte what he is that spekyth, but [what] that is the which he seith[592]; he taketh no hede how myche he can hymme selfe, but how mech he cannot. To this purpose þe wyse man seith, [“Auris bona audiet cum omni concupiscentia sapientiam”].[593]

GLOSSARY.

a, _have_, 16, 78, 111

abaundonede, _devoted_, 38

a ben, _been_, 41

abusyon (abusion, H.), _abuse_, 50

accused (accusee, H.), _told_, _reported_, 52

achaunge, _exchange_, 91

acome, _come_, 50

acorde, _agree_, 34

acorde, _agreement_, 52

acordyng (couuenable, H.), _fitting_, _proper_, 15, 25

afore or, _before that_, 70

affrayed, _terrified_, 41

agre, _favourably_, _in good part_, 113

all gates, _anyhow_, _by any means_, 72, 89

all only but, _except_, 9

aloved (louez, H.), _praised_, 112

alyche (allegue, H.), _allege_, 12

anamely, anamly, _namely_, 7, 12, 17, 27, 70, 78, etc.

anggwyssous (angoisseuse, H.), _full of anguish_, 89

applique, _apply_, 8

arayed (aournez, H.), _equipped_, _adorned_, 7, 8, 23

arayeth (arroie, H.), _equippeth_, 6

armure, _armour_, 24

arwe, _arrow_, 56

assay (essay, H.), _trial_, _test_, 6

assot, assote, _besot_, _make foolish_, 36, 74, 106

assotted, _besotted_, 75

assottede of, _besotted with_, _doting on_, 28, 36

aturnyd, _turned_, 72

auctorised, _authenticated_, _vouched for_, 2, 4

availe, avayle, _advantage_, _profit_, 5, 12, 26, 37

aventerous, _adventurous_, 9

aventure, _adventure_, 12

avisement, _reflection_, _counsel_, 19

avowed, _vowed_, 109

avysyons, _visions_, _dreams_, 75, 76, 88

ayen, _against_, 2

ayen, ayene, _again_, 7, 48, 79

ayens, _against_, 12, 29, 32, etc.

ayens say, _gainsay_, 47

bachelere, _bachelor_, 28

bateilled, _battled_, _fought_, 22

bayle (baillif, H.), _bailiff_, 13

be, _been_, 41

beerys (ours, H.), _bears_, 12

befolowe, _follow_, 60

begone (_sc._ evylle b.), _affected_, _beset_, 41

behouely (couuenable, H.), _proper_, _befitting_, 8, 12, 23, 82

bellue (belue, H.), _monster_, 15

ben, _be_, 70

besy, _busy_, 5

boche (boce, H.), _hump_ (_of a camel_), 54

bolnynges (lenfleure, H.), _swellings_, _pride_, 76

borde, _table_, 67

bosche (buisson, H.), _bush_, 53

bostus, _boastful_, _threatening_, 51

boores, _boars_, 12

bounte (bonte, bernage, _sc._ barnage, H.), _goodness_, _nobility_, 8,
11, 27, 60

brayeng, braying (de brayre, H.), _croaking_ (_of frogs_), 34

brennyng, _burning_, 62

brent, _burnt_, 69, 110

brokyth (retient, H.), _digests_, _retains_ (_on the stomach_), 55

brond (brandon, H.), _brand_, _torch_, 36

brothe, broththe (palu, H.), _muddy water_, 33, 34

broute, browte, _brought_, 12, 56, 110

bruled, _broiled_, _burnt_, 69

bryboure (lierres, _sc._ larron, H.), _thief_, _robber_, 41

busshmentes (embusches, H.), _ambushes_, 63

b[u]tyrflye (papillon, H.), _butterfly_, 109

carles (villains, H.), _churls_, _rustics_, 33, 34

cesse (cesser, H.), _make to cease_, 9

chaiere (chayere, H.), _chair_ (_of a professor_), 6

chamel, chamelle, _camel_, 54

chelde, _shield_, 54, 60

chepe, _sheep_, 58

ches, _choose_, 85

chesse, the (esches, H.), _game of chess_, 95

chevalroures (vaillance cheualereuse, H.), _chivalry_, 9

cheualerous, cheualerours, _chivalrous_, 14, 16

cheuetayne, cheueten (cheuetaine, H.), _chieftain_, _leader_, 2, 85

chippe, _ship_, 56

chynnes, _chains_, 41

clyme (monter, H.), _climb_, 6, 44

communes (paysans, H.), _common people_, 34

communiall (communicaire, H.), _sharing with others_, 27

condicionned (condicionne, H.), _accustomed_, 85

conditoures (conduissaresse, H.), _conductress_, _guide_, 8

condittes (conduis, H.), _conduits_, 28

connestabil, _constable_, 85

connyng (sauoir, H.), _knowledge_, 24

contrarie, _contrary_, _adverse_, 11

contrariousnes (les contrarietez, H.), _adversity_, 12

contrarius, _contrary_, _adverse_, 9

conveyed (conuoye, H.), _conducted_, _guided_ (_of the spirit_), 8

conveyng (congeement, H.), _removal_, _expulsion_, 5

copyr, _copper_, 17

corage, _spirit_, _mind_, 31, 84, 96

coromped, _corrupted_, 29

corrompeth, corrumpyth, _corrupteth_, 30

corumpe, _to corrupt_, 62

cosyn germayne, _cousin german_, 9, 10

coude, cowde, _could_, 85, 86

couertly, _secretly_, _disguisedly_, 13

couerture, _disguise_, _concealment_, 13, 19, 43, 93

couetise, covetyse, _covetousness_, 34, 54, 60

cowde, _knew_, 58

crassed (creuee, H.), _cracked_, 52

creues, crevesse (creueure, H.), _crevice_, 52, 65

cuirboyle, _cuir-bouilli_, _boiled leather_, 24

debatoure (discordant, H.), _debater_, _quarreller_, 67

deded (amortie, H.), _deadened_, 27

deele, dele, _part_, _whit_, 9, 35

defavtes, _faults_, _defects_, 13

defendyth, _forbiddeth_, 32

deme, _judgment_, 56

departed (departis, H.), _allotted_, 83

desceyvable (faillible, H.), _deceitful_, _untrustworthy_, 8

dictis, _dicts_, _sayings_, 4

diffendyth, _forbidden_, 28

discomfyte, _discomfited_, 15

discouered, _uncovered_, _unprotected_, 97, 104

discouerte, _uncovered_, 105

discute, _discuss_, 20, 62

disheryte, _disinherit_, 29, 30

dispite, _despise_, 10, 100

disportis, _amusements_, 34

disporveide (despourveu, H.), _unprovided_, 68

disprayes (despris, H.), _contempt_, 28

disprayse (desprisier, H.), _contemn_, _despise_, 54, 84, 87

dispraysyng (despercion, H.), _contemning_, _despising_, 59

dispreisyd, dispreysed, _contemned_, _despised_, 35, 36

dispreysyng, _contemning_, _despising_, 36

dissalowed (desloua, H.), _disapproved_, _dissuaded_, 56

dissauable, _deceitful_ (_of riches_), 53

disseruede (desserui, H.), _served_, _performed_ (_sc._ _of penance_),
14

dittee (dictie, H.), _treatise_, 8

do armes (armes ... faire, H.), _perform exploits_, 12

dobylnesse, _doubleness_, _duplicity_, 95

doghter, _daughter_, 16, 31

doited (affoles, H.), _doting_, 69

dome, _judgment_, 16, 48, 68

doo, _done_, 14

doongon (dongion, H.), _keep_, _castle_, 110

doute (dompter, H.), _conquer_, 42

doutyd (doubtoit, H.), _doubted_, _feared_, 97

douted, dowted (dompta, H.), _conquered_, 42

doutously, _doubtfully_, 19

dowter, _daughter_, 11

dres (adrece, H.), _dress_, _direct_, _apply_, 5

dressyd hyr (se ficha, H.), _betook herself_, 66

drwe, _drew_, 30

drwe avay (chaca, H.), _drove away_, 20

dryst, _durst_, 44

dured, _endured_, _lasted_, 52

duryng (_sc._ euer d.), _lasting_, 6

dyffendyth, _forbiddeth_, 32

dyght, _disposed_, _placed_, 80

dynne, _dinner_, 66

dysheryted (desherita, H.), _disinherited_, 20

dysparbuled (se espart, H.), _disparpled_, _divided_, 57

dyspiteth (despite, H.), _despiseth_, 16

dyspyte (despit, H.), _contempt_, _scorn_, 40

dystres (destrece, H.), _distress_, 12

ell, elles, ellis, _else_, 12, 13, 14

embaundoned, _devoted_, 2

empeched (empesche, H.), _hindered_, _injured_, 90

empechest (empesches, H.), _impeach_, _find fault with_, 87

emprise, _undertaking_, 75, 76

enbushed, _ambushed_, 73

encres, _increase_, 38

endyte (escripre, H.), _write_, 6

engins (engins, H.), _snares_, 84

ennorted, _exhorted_, 64

enorte (ennorter, H.), _exhort_, 5

enortyng (enditement, H.), _exhortation_, 58

ensorgyng, _grieving_, 31

entent, _mind_, _understanding_, 19

eres, erys, _ears_, 40

errant (_sc._ e. knyghte), _wandering_, 15, 111

erryed (aree, H.), _ploughed_, 38

erye (arer, H.), _to plough_, 38

exauced, _heard_, _granted_, 18, 79

exavced (of a person praying), _heard_, _gratified_, 79

exaussyng (exaussement, H.), _exalting_, 12

excusacion, _excuse_, 87, 113

exempled, _exemplified_, _justified_, 2, 4

eyne, _eyes_, 44, 45

eyre, _ear_, 44

fardell (faissel, H.), _burden_, 32

fauchon (fauchon, H.), _falchion_, _sword_, 15

favth, _fought_, 13

fawty, _faulty_, 40

fayre, fayree, fayreis (nymphes, H.), _fairies_, 77, 81, 93

felachep, felachipe, _fellowship_, 16, 92

felawe, _fellow_, 14

feleshyp, _fellowship_, _company_, 33

felle, _savage_, _cruel_, 12

feythyt, _fighteth_, 65

flawe, _flew_, 15

fleeth (vole, H.), _flyeth_, 16

flotereth (flote, H.), _flutters_, _hesitates_, 22

flowrid, _flourished_, 3

flowte, _flute_, 40, 44

folely, follely, _foolishly_, 83, 107, 108

folwe (ensuiuir, H.), _follow_, 11

folwyth (sensuit, H.), _followeth_, 10

foly, _foolish_, 64, 79

fond, foonde, _found_, _invented_, 24, 25, 38, 43

fordone (amortis, H.), _destroyed_, _done away with_, 13

foryate, _forgot_, 68, 69, 74, 96

foryeten, _forgotten_, 68

froward, _perverse_, 93

fraudelous, _deceitful_, 92, 112

frele, _frail_, 28

frelnes, _frailty_, 20, 70

frosses (renoulles, H.), _frogs_, 33, 34

ful, fulle, _very_, 2, 3, 7, 12, 15

fullefyllyd (remplie, H.), _filled_, 9

fumerelle (sueil, H., _sc._ threshold), _smoke-hole_ (_in the roof_),
_hearth_, 30

fundement, _foundation_, 64

gaineyers, _husbandmen_, 38

gate, _got_, 11

gebet (gibet, H.), _gibbet_, 41

geyneseyyng (contredisans, H.), _gainsaying_, 21

glayve (faulx, H.), _sword_, 15

glewe (gluyon, H.), _glue_, 109

gosh, _go_, 47

gostly, _ghostly_, _spiritual_, 2, 3, 8, 85

grenner, _greener_, 31

greuaunces, _evils_, _harm_, 27

gryffes (cultiuemens, H.), _grafts_, _shoots_, 39

guerdon (subst.), _reward_, 58

guerdon (v.), _reward_, _estimate properly_, 50, 59

gyf, _give_, 19

gyrte, _girded_, 105

gyse, _guise_, 46

habaundonede, _devoted_, 38

halse (accoller, H.), _embrace_, 69

haunt, _follow_, _devote oneself to_, 70, 75, 80

hauntyng (frequentise, H.), _intercourse_, 52

hawteyn, _haughty_, _proud_, 27

helly (infernaulx, H.), _hellish_, _of hell_, 78

heppid (amassez, H.), _heaped_, 34

herdly (enterine, H.), _earthly_ (?), 95
For “enterin,” or, as sometimes spelt, “enterrin,” see p. 95, note 2.
Scrope seems to have mistaken its meaning, connecting it with
“terre.”

heris, _ears_, 55

herres, _hairs_, 30

hire (loyer, H.), _reward_, 81

holde (_sc._ h. counsell), _take_, _follow_, 91

holden, _held_, _considered_, 3

holdyn, _taken_, _followed_, 91

hole and some, _whole and sum_, _entirely_, 6

holpyn, _helped_, 99

homely (_sc._ h. spyes, priuees, H.), _domestic_, 23

homlynes, (priuete, H.), _intimacy_, 92

hooges, _huge_, 32

hy, hye, _high_, 5, 7, 8, 23

hyly, _highly_, 6

hynes, _highness_, _greatness_, 12

iangeler (iengleur, gengleresse, H.), _chatterer_, _prater_, 57, 98

iangyllyng (gengle, H.), _chattering_, _prating_, 98

iauelot, iaueloth (glavellot, H.), _dart_, _javelin_, 86

ich, iche, _each_, 7, 80, 83

inewgh, _enough_, 25

inougth, _enough_, 12

inowe, _enough_, 34

inowgh, _enough_, 52, 63

inowght, _enough_, 84

inowthe, _enough_, 63

iolines, iolynesse (ioliuete, H.), _gaiety_, _mirth_, 18, 83

ioly (cointe, H.), _gay_, _sprightly_, 72

iorneyer (voyager, H.), _traveller_, 13

iowgolowre (iugleur, H.), _buffoon_, 104

ioyeux, _joyous_, 84

iren, _iron_, 22

iusticer, _judge_, 13, 14

iustifie (iusticier, H.), _to judge_, 13

I wys, _sc._ iwis, _assuredly_, 9

kest, _cast_, _threw_, 30, 89

keuercheffes, _kerchiefs_, 80

konyng, koonyng, _knowledge_, 83, 87

kunnyng, _knowledge_, 6, 25, 83

kynde, _nature_, 1

lachesse, _negligence_, _remissness_, 32

lavde (subst.), _praise_, 12

lawyng, _laughing_, 61

lech, leche, _like_, 8, 26, 31, 34, 36, etc.

lede, _lead_ (_the metal_), 19

lefull, _lawful_, 95

leke, _leek_, 10

lekend, _likened_, 31

lekerousnes (alechemens, H.), _appetite_, _greediness_, 62

lemyte, _limit_, 10

lenage, _lineage_, 11

lerned, _taught_, 113

lessyng, _lessening_, 59

lest, leste (talent, H.), _desire_, 93

lesyng (menconge, H.), _lying_, 46

lete (empescher, H.), _hinder_, 82

letted, lettyd, _hindered_, 8, 31, 82

letteryd, lettyrd (letrez, H.), _lettered_, 42

lettynges (empeschemens, H.), _hindrances_, 67

lettyth, _hinder_, 10

leuer, _rather_, 48, 107

lewde (fol, sotte, H.), _foolish_, 40, 46, 51, 102

leyser, _leisure_, 40

lich, _like_, 41

longeth, longyth, _belongeth_, 20, 25, 71

longgyng, _belonging_, 20, 37

lorier (laurier, H.), _laurel_, 99, 100

lyeines, lyenis (liens, H.), _bonds_, 61, 66

lymbo (limbe, H.), _limbo_, _the outskirts of hell_, 41

lyst, _desired_, 98

lyst, lyste (courage, talent, H.), _will_, _desire_, 44, 49, 77

ma, _may_, 70

malencolius, _melancholy_, 21

malice, _artfulness_, 80

malicius, _artful_, 45, 111

manace, _menace_, 51

manisynges, _menacings_, 51

mankyndely, mankyndly (humaine, H.), _human_, 8, 18, 70, 72, 103

manyce, _menace_, 51

marches (marches, H.), _borders_, 60

masseyngeres, _messengers_, 23

maystry, _mastery_, 35

maystyr (mestier, H.), _office_, _business_, 11

meche, _much_, 49

mechell, _much_, 72

mene, _means_, 20

menye (mesgnee, maignee, H.), _company_, _pack_ (_of hounds_), 77

merowre, _mirror_, 95

mervelious, meruelyous, _marvellous_, 12, 13, 14, 20

miche, _much_, 45

molle (tauppe, H.), _mole_, 40

mote, _must_, 33

mowe, _more_, 77

muse, _take amusement_, 71, 74

mych, myche, _much_, 11, 12

mychyll, _much_, 70

mydwes, _meadows_, 104
Scrope’s Fr. MS. probably read “aux piez” (_cf._ 104, note 1), and he
confused it with “aux préz”

mysbeleve, _misbelief_, 45

myschefe (meschief, H.), _misfortune_, 33

myssedone (meffait, H.), _misdone_, _done amiss_, 45

ne, _not_, 41

nedelle (aguille, H.), _needle_, 54

nedis, _needs_, 54

neyburwe, _neighbour_, 16

nerehand (a pou, H.), _nearly_, 11

noblyth, _ennobleth_, 114

noye (nuit, H.), _annoy_, _harm_, 61

noyens (nuisible, H.), _harm_, _nuisance_, 105

noyens, _harmful_, 111

nwefanggyllnesse, _newfangledness_, _inconstancy_, 95

nygromancye (arquemie, _sc._ _alchemy_, H.), _necromancy_, 94

nyse (nyce, H.), _stupid_, _foolish_, 51

o, _one_, 18, 22, 25, 97

obeissance (obeyssance, H.), _deference_, _respect_, 14

onsesyde of, _unseised of_, _without_, 74

oo, _one_, 105

or that, _before that_, 19, 20, 51

ordure, _filth_, _vileness_, 20

oste (ost, H.), _host_, 26

ouctrecuidez, _proud_, _overweening_, 28

ouer all (par tout, H.), _everywhere_, 80, 93, 114

ouergoo (surmonter, H.), _master_, _conquer_, 96

ouerhoope (oultrecuidance, H.), _presumption_, 51

ouerlede, ouerleyde (surpris, H.), _surprised_, 61, 65

ouerwenyng (oultrecuidez, H.), _inordinately proud_, 27, 28

owthe (doit, H.), _ought_, 6

paase (passer, H.), _surpass_, 83

paramours (_adv._), _passionately_, 69, 72

parde, _par dieu_, 12, 68, 105

passede (pesee, H.), _weighed_, _considered_, 51

paynemes (payens, H.), _pagans_, _heathen_, 47

peise, peyse (peser, H.), _weigh_, _consider_, 20

pendavnde, _pendant_, 52

penowrye, penuery (misere, H.), _penury_, 99

perchith (perce, H.), _pierceth_, 56

perfite, _perfect_, 8

perlious, perlyous, _perilous_, 82, 89

perlyouser, _more perilous_, 110

pes, _peace_, 30

pewter (peaultre, H.), _pewter_, 18

peyne hym, _trouble himself_, 87

pistil, pistile, pistylle, _epistle_, 5, 18, 22

plangeth (plunge, H.), _plunges_, 22

plenere, _full_, 5

plesauns, plesawnce, _pleasure_, 75, 81

plongeden, _plunged_, 28

plyte, _plight_, 61

Pocalipse, _Apocalypse_, 73

pontificall (pontifical, H.) _dignified_, 23

prayed, _invited_, 66

prerogatyue (prerogatiue, H.), _privilege_, _exclusive possession_, 7

presound, _imprisoned_, 31

prime temps, _spring_, 27

pris (pris, H.), _prize_, 20, 23

prouoste (preuost, H.), _provost_, 13

purchase (_sc._ p. armes, pourchacier, H.), _pursue_, _follow_, 12

purchassed (_sc._ p. trayson, pourchace, H.), _contrived_, 108

purches (_sc._ p. harme, pourchacier, H.), _contrive_, 86

purveide off (pourueu, H.), _provided with_, 102

pyll, _pillage_, 60

pystyl, pystylle, _epistle_, 7, 10

qwan, _when_, 35

qwaynte (cointe, H.), _clever_, _ingenious_, 95

qweke (vifs, H.), _quick_, _living_, 45

qwen, qwenne, _when_, 26, 30, 35

qwere, _where_, 39

qwhan, _when_, 44

qwhen, _queen_, 63

qwome, _whom_, 36

qwythe thorne (morier blank, H.), _white thorn_, 35

raffe, _split_, _was riven_, 65

rampyng (rampans, H.), _rampant_, _raging_ (_of bears_), 12

rauenous (traueilleux, H.), _vexatious_, _painful_, 18

reaume, _realm_, 7, 13, 15, 111

reconforte, _comfort_, 94

refeccion (reffeccion, H.), _food_, 55

renomme, _renown_, 2

renommeed, _renowned_, 1

repuignand, _resisting_, _repelling_, 3

revede (tolue, H.), _tore away_, _rescued_, 15

reyne, _rain_, 27

rothir, _rudder_, 56

rotters, _gallants_, 62

rowe (renc, H.), _rank_, _class_, 13

royalme, royaulme, _realm_, _kingdom_, 3

ryght, _very_, 12, 15, 18, 29, 106

ryghtwyse, _righteous_, 13

ryghtwysly, _righteously_, 14, 20

rytewyse (droicturiere, H.), _righteous_, 13

sadde, _discreet_, _careful_, 59

sadely, _carefully_, 51

sadenes (_sc._ s. of speche, lente de parler, H.), _discretion_, 56

salwes, _sallows_, _willows_, 93

saue, _except_, 23

say, _assay_, _test_, 80

schawnegeable, _changeable_, 22

schawneged, schawnged, _changed_, 60, 71

schawngyth, _changeth_, 22

schette, _shut_, _included_, 39, 52

schewyth (suiue, H.), _sueth_, _followeth_, 22

schorte, _shorten_, 62

sclaunderus, _slanderous_, 56

se, _sea_, 11, 47

sede on syde, _set aside_, 10

seege, _siege_ (_sc._ _the camp_), 96

sege, _siege_ (_sc._ _the besieging force_), 106

seege (_sc._ of counsell, siege de conseil, H.), _seat_, 57

segge, _siege_, 26

seghens, _sighings_, 101

sekyr, _sure_, 89

semblable, _similar_, 108

serpently (serpentins, H.), _serpent-like_, 30

sesid with (saisi de, H.), _seised_, _possessed of_, 74

sewyng, sewynge, _following_, 7, 111

seyntens, _saints_, 47

seysyd hym in (_sc._ esleua en, H.), _arrogated to himself_, 28

seytis, _sexes_, 93

sheded, _shed_, 63

shrewdenes (mauuaistie, H.), _wickedness_, 110

shrewes (des mauuais, H.), _the wicked_, _vicious_, 108

skye (nue, H.), _cloud_, 44

slake, _fail_, _grow slack_, 73

slewthe, slowthe, _sloth_, 32, 33

smerte, _painful_, 103

socourable, _helpful_, 27, 50

socovre, _succour_, 16

soffted (amoli, H.), _softened_, 94

softeth (adoulcist, H.), _softeneth_, _easeth_, 26

soget (subget, H.), _subject_, 14, 65

soggettes (subges, H.), _subjects_, 24

soioryng (seiour, H.), _resting place_, _abode_, 112

soioure, _sojourn_, 95

sonne, _sun_, 20

soothel, sootyl, sotell, sothell, _subtle_, 92, 93, 94

sorwe, _sorrow_, 103

sotely, _subtly_, 36, 61

soth, _truth_, _sooth_, 89

sothyn (cuit, H.), _sodden_, 29, 112

sotle, _subtle_, 25

sotted (assottent, H.) _besotted_, _made foolish_, 74

sottyl, _subtle_, 95

sotyl, _subtle_, 35

sotylte, _subtlety_, 95

soundir, _sunder_, 41

sowlehele, _salvation_, 2

sowpled (se adoulcist, H.), _softened_, _mollified_, 92

sowte, _sought_, 80

spotte (tache, H.), _blemish_, _taint_, 37, 41

stabilnes (constance, H.), _stability_, _constancy_, 12

stale, _stole_, 32

standing, standyng, stondyng, _considering that_, 8, 51, 53, 81, 82,
89, 106

stanke (estanc, H.), _a pool_, 93

stawnched, _quenched_ (_of fire_), 105

stawnsh, _staunch_, _quench_, 33

stepechildire (fillastres, H.), _step-children_, 29, 30

stepmodir, steppemodir (marrastre, H.), _stepmother_, 30, 48

stirte, styrte (sailli, se gita, H.), _hurried_, 89, 103

stodier (lestudiant, H.), _studyer_, _student_, 42

strate, _strait_, _narrow_, 63

streche (tendre, H.), _stretch_, _tend_, 8

streche to, _reach to_, _rival_, 82

strecheth, _stretch_, _are directed_, 32

streged, _stretched_, 30

streyned, _strained_, _stretched_, 40

streyte, _strait_ (_of a prison_), 60

strof, _strove_, 57

strong (fort, H.), _difficult_, 58

suremounted, _raised_, 3

suspeccion, _suspicion_, 70

swe, _sowed_, 38

swiche, _such_, 45

swolve, _swallow_, 34

synguler, _special_, 46, 47

sythyn, _sithen_, _since_, 34

tachys (condicions, H.), _manners_, 34

targes (targes, H.), _target_, _shield_, 54

tendyng (tendans, H.), _having regard_, 17

tendyyng, _regard_, _attention_, 93

teremys, _terms_, 17

terrement (obseques, H.), _interment, burial_, 106

teschyng, _teaching_, 14

teynt (attaint, H.), _tainted_, _affected_, 30

tharledom, thraldom, thralledom (seruitude, H.), _servitude_, 51, 65,
91

thefende, _defend_, _forbid_, 29

thredde, _third_, 3

thresshefolde (sueil, H.), _threshold_, 31

tobbe (tine, H.), _tub_, 63

tocheth to (touche, H.), _regards_, _concerns_, 12

to regard of, _in regard to_, 8

trauell, _labour_, _travail_, 42

trauellyth, _labour_, _travail_, 26

trowght, _truth_, 80

trwes (treues, H.), _truce_, 106

turnementes (tourment, H.), _torments_, 37

tweyne, _twain_, 29

tynne, _tin_, 18

tysyng (enditement, H.), _enticing_, 108

vagaunt (vague, H.), _vagrant_, 104

vailable, vaylable (valable, H.), _useful_, 12, 43

vailet, vayleth (est proufitable, vault, H.), _availeth_, 54, 57

valure (valeur, H.), _valour_, 27

vauntoure (vanteur, H.), _boaster_, 71

vaylie, _valley_, 14

veleyns, velyens, _vile_, _abject_, 51, 59, 111

venegre, _vinegar_, 30

veray, very (vraye, Fr.), _true_, 7, 81, 98

viagis, _voyages_, 13

vilens, vileyns, _vile_, _abject_, 34, 37

vmbethynke the, _consider_, 6, 57, 63, 69, 76, 111

vnbehouely (inpartinent, H.), _unbecoming_, 35

vncunnyng (ingrat, H.), _unmindful_, 59

vndirstondynges (entendemens, H.), _meanings_, 25

vngracious (_sc._ v. games, mal gracieux, H.), _discourteous_, 58

vniuersyte, _university_, 3, 42

vnknowyn (descongnoissant, H.), _unmindful_, _ungrateful_, 59

vnkunnyng (ingratitude, H.), _unmindfulness_, _ingratitude_, 59

vnnethes (a peine, H.), _scarcely_, _hardly_, 62

voide, voyde, woyde, _remove_, _expel_, 30, 51, 68, 98

voyded (vuidoient, H.), _removed_, _departed_, 51

voyeddid (vuida, H.), _removed_, _expelled_, 19

wacches (agais, H.), _watches_, _plots_, 8

wassh (gue, H.), _lake_, _pool_, 33

wchid (gaitoit, H.), _watched_, 44

wellwyllyng (bien vueillant, H.), _benevolent_, 27

wend, wende (cuiderent, cuida, H.), _weaned_, _thought_, 30, 106

weneth (cuident, H.), _wean_, _think_, 111

were (guerre faire, H.), _make war_, 11, 23

weri, _very_, _real_, _true_, 67

werre, _war_, 2, 12, 23

wery, _truly_, 3

wete (sauoir, H.), _wit_, _know_, _learn_, 91, 111

wexe (deuiengnent, H.), _wax_, _become_, 32

wexe, _waxed_, _grew_, 30, 31, 52

weyne, _vein_, 19

whan, whanne, _won_, 15, 42, 59

whedir, _whither_, 41

whit (_sc._ with) the dede (ou fait, H.), _in the act_, 44

wombe (ventre, H.), _belly_, 111

wombe of mynde (ventre de la memoire, H.), _inmost mind_, 55

wood, woode (forsennee, enragez, H.), _mad_, _furious_, 30, 65, 72

woodnes (forcennage, enragerie, H.), _madness_, _fury_, 29, 30, 67

worthynesses (proueces, H.), _worthy deeds_, 27

wote (scay, scez, H.), _know_, 12, 98

wreke (ateines, H.), _vengeance_, 11

wylne (v.), _will_, 16

wymple (guimple, H.), _wimple_, 53

wynnors (gaignons, H.), 11. According to Godefroy, _Dict. de l’ancienne
langue Française_, _s.v._, “gaignon” means a “mâtin, chien de
basse-cour,” and then a “homme vil et mechant,” or, as we say, a
“cur.” Scrope seems to have confounded it with “gaigneur,” from
“gagner,” to win.

wyse, _manner_, 16, 20, 40

wytte (sens, H.), _wit_, _sense_, 12

yaf, yafe, _gave_, 17, 19, 38

yate, _gate_, 30

yche, _each_, 67

ye, _eye_, 32

yef, _if_, 9

yefe, _give_, 20

yefer, _giver_, 38

yeffeth, yeffyth, _giveth_, 82, 84

yeffve, _give_, 83

yeftis, _gifts_, 2

yen, _eyes_, 44

yeris meynde (luniversaire, H.), _anniversary_, 106

yete, _get_ (imper.), 11. The line should probably be read, “And wyth
vs strey[n]gth be (_sc._ by) honesty þe yete,” _cf._ “Et auec nous
te couuient force,” H.

yeveth, yevyth, _giveth_, 18, 23, 39

yevyng, _giving_, 3

yif, yife, _give_ (imper.), 14, 19

yiff, _give_, 83

yiffeth, _giveth_, 18, 21

yite, _yet_, 71

yode, _went_, 73

yofe, _given_, 21

yolden, _yielded_, _given up_, 87

youen, youyn, yoven, yovyn, _given_, 2, 7, 19, 20, 21, 22, etc.

yraigne (yraigne, H.), _spider_, 71

ȝate, _gate_, 7

ȝates, _gates_, 11

INDEX.

Abtalin, the philosopher, maxim of, 36

Achilles, 45, 50, 66, 75, 80, 92, 96, 105, 106

Acis, son of Faunus, 65

Actæon (Anteon, Antheon), 76

Adonis (Dadonius), 72

Adrastus, King of Argos, 54

Æolus (Eolus), god of winds, 89

Aglauros (Aglaros), daughter of Cecrops, 31

Ajax (Thelamen Ayaux, Thelomonailles, Ayaux), 73, 91, 107

Alcyone (Alchion), wife of Ceyx, 89

Alexander, King of Macedon, 85, 103

Ambrose, St., 4;
quoted, 22, 23, 90

Amphiaraus (Amphoras), 54

Andrew, St., article of, in the Creed, 41

Andromache (Andromatha), wife of Hector, 100, 103

Andromeda, 15, 16

Antenor (Anthenor), 108, 109

Apocalypse (Pocalipse, Pocalipce), the, quoted, 73, 111

Apollo (Appollo), 20. _See also_ Phœbus

Apulia (Puille), 75

Arachne (Yragnes), 71

Argus, the hundred-eyed, 44

Aristotle (Aristotiles, Aristotile, Aristotill), 4;
maxims of, 8, 13, 14, 16, 30, 38, 42, 60, 71, 85, 103, 107, 112

Assaron, the philosopher, maxim of, 90

Atalanta (Athalenta), 81

Athamas, King, 29

Atropos (Acropose, Accropos), 47, 48

Augustine (Austyn, Tawstyn), St., 4;
quoted, 8, 10, 16, 30, 32, 34, 49, 50, 51, 70, 72, 74, 75, 78, 79,
82, 84, 88, 91, 96, 99, 103, 107, 108, 109, 110

Augustus Cæsar, 113

Babylon (Babylonie, Babilonie), 52, 101

Bacchus (Bachus), 34

Bartholomew (Bartylmew), St., article of, in the Creed, 44

Bede, quoted, 33

Bellerophon (Belorophon, Berolophon), 48

Bernard, St., quoted, 14, 54, 59, 103, 112

Berry, John, Duke of (Jon, Duke of Barry), 3

Boethius (Boys), quoted, 84

Cadmus (Cadimus), 42

Calabria (Calebre), 75

Calchas (Calcas), 92, 96

Cardinal Virtues, 2, 7

Cassandra, daughter of Priam, 46

Cassian, John, quoted, 64

Cassiodorus, quoted, 19, 21, 25, 27, 67

Cecrops (Cycropos), King of Athens, 31

Cephalus (Sephalus), 86

Cerberus (Serebrus, Cereberus, Cerebrus), 11, 41, 79

Ceres, 11, 38

Ceyx (Ceys), 89

Charon (Acaron), 79

Cidonie (Sidon?), 35

Circe (Circes, Cyrces), 111

Colchos (Coleos), 51, 58, 90

Commandments, the Ten, 49

Corinis, the nymph, 56

Corinthians, St. Paul’s Epistles to the, quoted, 27, 87, 96, 108, 113

Correction, Book of, by St. Augustine, 16

Creed, Articles of the, 37

Cressida (Cresseide), 95

Crow, 56

Cupid, 65, 95

Cyrus (Cirus), King of Persia, 63

Dadonius. _See_ Adonis

Daphne (Damee), 99

Democritus (Demecritus), maxim of, 10

Diana (Dyana), 37, 60, 70, 76, 77, 99

Diogenes (Dyogeneys), maxims of, 23, 40

Diomed (Dyomed), 96

Discord, goddess of, 66

Ecclesiasticus, book of, quoted, 16, 22, 32, 34, 64, 89, 104, 114

Echo (Eccho, Echo), 98

Ephesians, St. Paul’s Epistle to the, quoted, 23, 31, 97

Esdras, book of, quoted, 21

Eurydice (Euredice, Euredice), 78

Fastolf, Sir John, 1, note

Femene (_sc._ Amazonia), kingdom of, 63

Fortune, the goddess, 84

Galatea (Galatee), the nymph, 65

Galatea (Galathee), Hector’s horse, 7

Ganymedes, 57

Geber, astronomer, 17

Gorgon, 59, 60

Gregory (Gregorie, Grigori, Grigory), St., 4;
quoted, 18, 20, 24, 35, 55, 57, 58, 68, 71, 76, 85, 94, 100, 101,
104, 112

Hebrews, Epistle to the, quoted, 25, 26

Hector, 5, 7, 22, 24, 26, 49, 97, 100, 103, 104, 105, 106

Hecuba (Ecuba, Hecuba), 24, 106

Helen (Helaine, Elen, etc.), 75, 83, 87, 91

Helenus (Helene ), son of Priam, 87

Hercules, 11, 12, 41, 51, 73

Hermaphroditus (Hermofrodicus), 93

Hermes (Armes, Harmes, Hermes), the philosopher, 4;
maxims of, 19, 20, 21 (2), 26, 32, 37, 39, 43, 45, 49, 53, 59, 68,
70, 73, 81, 86, 87, 94, 96, 104, 114

Herse (Herce), daughter of Cecrops, 31

Hesione, daughter of Laomedon, 91

Hippocrates (Ypocras), maxim of, 35

Homer (Omer), 4;
maxims of, 51, 100

Ilium (Ylyon), 110

Innocent III., Pope, quoted, 105

Ino (Yno), wife of Athamas, 29, 112

Io (Yo), daughter of Inacus, 43

Isaiah (Ysaie, Ysaye), quoted, 52, 85, 94

Isis (Ysis), 39

James, St., the Greater, article of, in the Creed, 39;
epistle of, 79

James, St., the Less, article of, in the Creed, 46

Jason, 58, 64

Jerome (Jerom), St., 4;
quoted, 37, 66, 81, 87, 93, 95, 110

Jesus Christ, shown by the Sibyl to Augustus, 113

Job, book of, quoted, 28

Joel, book of, quoted, 68

John (Jon), St., article of, in the Creed, 38;
Epistles of, quoted, 82, 107;
Gospel of, quoted, 95

John Cassian (Jon Cassian), quoted, 64

John Chrysostom, St., quoted, 87

John II., King of France, 3

John, Duke of Berry, 3

Jude, St., article of, in the Creed, 47

Juno, 33, 44, 53, 66, 69, 83

Jupiter (Jouis, Jubiter), 17, 18, 19, 33, 43, 44, 66, 69

Laomedon (Leomedon, Leomodon), King of Troy, 51, 68, 73

Latona (Lathonna), 33

Legaron (Leginon, H.), the philosopher, maxim of, 81

Leo, St., pope, quoted, 62

Lot (Lothe), wife of, 86

Lucifer, 79

Luke, St., Gospel of, quoted, 24, 85

Magdare, the philosopher, maxim of, 97

Mars, 5, 22, 61, 103

Mary, St., the Virgin, shown by the Sibyl to Augustus, 113

Matthew (Matheu), St., article of, in the Creed, 45;
Gospel of, quoted, 18, 54, 78, 84, 87, 104

Matthias (Mathi), St., article of, in the Creed, 48

Medea (Medee), 58, 64

Memnon (Maymon), King, 49

Mercury, 23, 31, 44, 67

Midas (Mydas, Mygdas), 40

Minerva (Mynerve, Minerve), 5, 24, 25, 103, 109

Minos (Mynos), 13, 14

Morpheus, 88

Myrmidones (Mirmedewes), 75

Narcissus (Narcisus, Arcisus), 27, 98

Neptunus, 47

Nicholas, astronomer, 17

Nimrod (Nambroth), 102

Ninus (Minos), 101

Origen (Orygenes, Orygene), quoted, 26, 28

Orpheus, 74, 78

Othea, goddess of prudence, 5, 7, 10, 13, 17, etc.

Ovid (Ouyde), 4

Pallas, 25, 66, 71, 83

Pan, 40

Paris (Paaris, Paarys, etc.), 75, 85, 87;
judgment of, 67, 82

Patroclus, 96

Pegasus, 5, 15, 16

Peirithous (Pirotheus, Protheus), 11, 41

Peleus (Pellus), 66

Pelleus, 58

Pentheseleia (Pantasselle), Queen of the Amazons, 26

Perceval. _See_ Perseus

Perseus (Percyvale, Percyualle), 15, 59, 60

Peter (Petir), St., article of, in the Creed, 37;
Epistles of, quoted, 10, 37, 62, 73

Philip, St., article of, in the Creed, 41

Philippians, St. Paul’s Epistle to the, quoted, 35

Phœbe (Phebe), 21, 33

Phœbus (Phebus), 20, 33, 40, 56, 57, 60, 61, 99

Pisan, Christine de (Dame Cristine), 3

Plato, 4;
maxims of, 34, 57, 63, 64, 72, 74, 76, 92, 101, 102, 108

Pluto, 11, 41, 79

Pollibetes, 105

Polyphemus, 32, 65

Polyxena (Polexena, Polixenne), daughter of Priam, 106

Priam (Priant, Priaunt, etc.), King of Troy, 22, 51, 90, 92, 103, 108

Proserpine (Proserpyng), 11, 41

Prudence, goddess of. _See_ Othea

Psalter, quoted, 19, 20, 56, 61, 75, 100, 110

Ptolemy (Ptholome, Tholome), the philosopher, 4;
maxim of, 110

Pygmalion (Pimalion, Pymalion), 35

Pyramus, 52

Pyrrhus (Pirus, Pyrus), son of Achilles, 45, 80

Pythagoras (Pictagoras, Pitagoras, etc.), maxims of, 17, 41, 46, 48,
67, 83

Rabyon, the philosopher, maxim of, 50

Raven, 56

Romans, St. Paul’s Epistle to the, quoted, 67

St. Victor, Hugh de, quoted, 56, 114

Saturn, 19, 55

Scrope, Stephen, 2, note

Sedechias, the philosopher, maxim of, 72

Semele (Semelle), 69

Sibyl (Sebille), the, 113

Simon, St., article of, in the Creed, 46

Singularity of Clerks, book of, 8, 75, 102

Socrates, 4;
maxims of, 28, 32, 84, 88

Solomon, Proverbs of, quoted, 9, 14, 33, 57, 58, 65, 71, 76, 90, 99,
109

Solon (Salamon, Soleyne, Solyn), 4;
maxims of, 54, 79, 95, 97

Tawstyn, St. _See_ Augustine, St.

Temperance, goddess of, 9, 10

Theseus, 11, 41

Thessalonians, St. Paul’s Epistle to the, quoted, 101

Thessille, the philosopher, maxim of, 82

Thetis, 66, 80

Thisbe (Tysbe, Thesbe), 52, 53

Thomas, St., article of, in the Creed, 42

Thune (Tyre?), 110

Timothy, St. Paul’s Epistle to, quoted, 93, 106

Titus, St. Paul’s Epistle to, quoted, 70

Tomyris (Thamaris), Queen of the Amazons, 63

Trojan horse, 109

Troylus, son of Priam, 90, 95, 106

Tyre? (Thune), 110

Ulysses (Vlixes, Vlyxes), 32, 80, 94, 111

Venus, 18, 36, 61, 66, 72, 83

Virgil (Vyrgyl), 4

Vulcan (Vlnecan), 61

Wisdom, book of, quoted, 59, 66, 72, 91

Ypocras. _See_ Hippocrates

Zaqualquin, the philosopher, maxim of, 98

PRINTED BY J. B. NICHOLS AND SONS, ORCHARD STREET, VICTORIA STREET, S.W.

-----

Footnote 1:

See below, p. xxiv.

Footnote 2:

Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 28,212, ff. 22b, 26.

Footnote 3:

J. Gairdner, _The Paston Letters_, ed. 1896, iii. p. 301.

Footnote 4:

_Ibid._, ii. p. 335 (_cf._ p. xxx. below, note 2). This copy was
included in a “grete booke,” other articles of which now form
Lansdowne MS. 285. Ebesham’s hand as they show it is not identical
with that of the Longleat MS., though it bears a certain resemblance
to it.

Footnote 5:

Of the authorities used the best and most recent are E. Robineau,
_Christine de Pisan, sa vie et ses œuvres_, St. Omer, 1882; F. Koch,
_Leben und Werke der Christine de Pizan_, Goslar, 1885; M. Roy,
_Œuvres poétiques de Christine de Pisan_, Soc. des Anciens Textes
Français, i.–iii. 1886–1896. The most interesting details are derived
from her own writings, many of which are still unprinted.

Footnote 6:

See below, p. xxxvi.

Footnote 7:

Koch, p. 14.

Footnote 8:

This date may be inferred from two statements by herself, one in “Le
Chemin de long estude,” written in 1402, that she had then been
widowed thirteen years (ed. R. Püschel, Berlin, 1887, p. 6), and the
other in “La Vision” (Koch, p. 12) that she was twenty-five when her
husband died, _sc._ in 1389.

Footnote 9:

“Car comme renommée lors tesmoignast par toute crestienté la
souffisance de mon pere naturel és sciences spéculatives comme
supellatif astrologien, jusques en Ytalie en la cité de Boulongne la
grace par ses messages l’envoya quérir” (“Livre des fais et bonnes
meurs du sage roy Charles V.,” in Petitot’s _Collection des Mémoires_,
v. p. 275).

Footnote 10:

Robineau, p. 10.

Footnote 11:

Thus in “La Vision” she writes “le me tolli en fleur de ieunece, comme
en l’aage de xxxiiij. ans, et moy de xxv. demouray chargee de iii.
enfans petiz et de grant maisnage” (_cf._ p. xi. note 4).

Footnote 12:

_Œuvres poétiques_, ed. Roy, i. p. 12, “Cent Balades,” No. xi., and p.
148, “Rondeaux,” No. iii.

Footnote 13:

John de Montacute or Montagu, who succeeded his father as second Baron
Montacute in 1390, his mother as Baron Monthermer in 1395 (?), and his
uncle as third Earl of Salisbury in 1397. One of the objects of his
embassy in 1398 was to hinder the marriage of Henry of Lancaster with
a daughter of the Duke of Berry. Christine speaks of him as “gracieux
chevalier, aimant dictiez et luy mesme gracieux dicteur” (Boivin, “Vie
de Chr. de Pisan,” in Kéralio’s _Collection des meilleurs ouvrages
François_, 1787, ii. p. 118).

Footnote 14:

Koch, p. 36.

Footnote 15:

In a ballad praying the Duke of Orleans to take him into his service
(Roy, i. p. 232) she speaks of his having been three years in England:

Ja trois ans a que pour sa grant prouesse
L’en amena le conte très louable
De Salsbery, qui moru a destrece
Ou mal païs d’Angleterre, ou muable
Y sont la gent.

Elsewhere she says that Henry IV. “tres joyeusement prist mon enfant
vers luy et tint chierement et en très bon estat” (Boivin, p. 119).

Footnote 16:

All printed by Roy, vol. ii. 1891.

Footnote 17:

An edition, “traduit de langue romanne en prose françoise par Jan
Chaperon,” appeared at Paris in 1549. See also above, p. xi., note 4,
Koch, p. 76, and Kéralio, ii. p. 297.

Footnote 18:

For an analysis see Koch, p. 63.

Footnote 19:

In this part of the work she plagiarizes largely from the so-called
Travels of Sir John Mandeville (see article by P. Toynbee in
_Romania_, xxi. 1892, p. 228).

Footnote 20:

Printed in Petitot’s _Collection des Mémoires_, 1824, vols. v. vi. and
elsewhere.

Footnote 21:

Analysed by Koch, p. 73.

Footnote 22:

As in the dedication of the “Épître d’Othéa” partly printed below, p.
xxxvi.

Footnote 23:

The original of _The book of fayttes of armes and of Chyualrye_,
printed by Caxton in 1489. He tells us in a note that it was given to
him by Henry VII. on 23rd January, 1489, to translate and print, “to
thende that euery gentylman born to armes and all manere men of werre
captayns souldiours vytayllers and all other shold haue knowlege how
they ought to behaue theym in the fayttes of warre and of bataylles.”
He adds that the translation was finished on the 8th July and printed
on the 14th. A French edition appeared at Paris in 1488, and others in
1497, etc.

Footnote 24:

An English translation by Bryan Anslay, entitled _The boke of the cyte
of Ladyes_, was printed at London, 1521.

Footnote 25:

For the dedication to the Dauphiness and the table of chapters see
Thomassy, _Essai sur les écrits politiques de Christine de Pisan_,
1838, p. 185.

Footnote 26:

Printed by Thomassy, p. 133.

Footnote 27:

_Ibid._, p. 141.

Footnote 28:

For an analysis of its contents, with extracts, see _ibid._, p. 150.
The Dauphin Louis was born in 1396 and died in 1415.

Footnote 29:

See Thomassy, p. xlii.; Martin, _Histoire de France_, 4th ed. 1878,
vi. p. 192. It is dated 31st July, 1429, a fortnight after the
coronation of Charles VII. at Reims.

Footnote 30:

“Je Christine, qui ay plouré xi. ans en l’abbaye close.” It was
perhaps the abbey of Poissy, of which her daughter was already an
inmate in 1400 (above, p. xiv.), and which may possibly be meant by
“Passy” in the passage from the _Boke of Noblesse_ quoted in a note on
p. xxxiii.

Footnote 31:

See below, p. xxxv.

Footnote 32:

Koch, p. 81. Louis was born 13th March, 1372.

Footnote 33:

Robineau, p. 89, speaks as if it was addressed to Charles himself, but
the words are “Dorliens duc Loys” (see below, p. xxxvi.).

Footnote 34:

See pp. xxxiv., xxxvii.

Footnote 35:

“Les enseignemens que je Cristine donne a Jehan de Castel mon filz”
(_Œuvres poétiques_, ed. Roy, iii. p. 27).

Footnote 36:

See the comparative table in Roy, i. p. xxii.

Footnote 37:

This was first pointed out by the Abbé Sallier, _Mémoires de
l’Académie Royale des Inscriptions_, xvii. 1751, p. 518.

Footnote 38:

See articles by B. Hauréau in _Mémoires de l’Académie des
Inscriptions_, xxx. 1883, p. 45, and by G[aston] P[aris] in the
_Histoire Littéraire de la France_, xxix. 1885, p. 502.

Footnote 39:

Guiffrey, _Inventaires de Jean, Duc de Berry_, 1894, i. p. 237,
“escript en françois rimé”; Delisle, _Le Cabinet des MSS._, iii. p.
192.

Footnote 40:

Guiffrey, i. pp. 226, 229, ii. p. 127.

Footnote 41:

_Romania_, xiv. 1885, p. 1.

Footnote 42:

De Jong and De Goeje, _Catalogus codicum orientalium Bibl. Acad. Lugd.
Bat._, iii. p. 342; Brockelmann, _Geschichte der Arabischen
Literatur_, i. p. 459.

Footnote 43:

Salv. de Renzi, _Collectio Salernitana_, iii. 1854, p. 69, “Incipit
liber philosophorum moralium .... quem transtulit de Greco in Latinum
Mag. Johannes de Procida.” The Latin text is quoted in the notes here
from Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 16,906, the French text from Royal MS. 19 B
iv., both of the 15th century.

Footnote 44:

P. Paris, _Les MSS. françois de la Bibl. du Roi_, v. p. 1.

Footnote 45:

“Enprynted by me William Caxton at Westmestre the yere of our lord
m.cccc.lxxvii.” A second edition appeared in 1480 (?), and a third, by
W. de Worde, in 1528.

Footnote 46:

Thus, the translator says in his preface, “And at the last [I]
concluded in my self to translate it in to thenglyssh tong, wiche in
my jugement was not before,” and Caxton adds in the colophon,
“Certaynly I had seen none in englissh til that tyme.”

Footnote 47:

No doubt there is some rhetorical exaggeration in the expression
“othir straunge regions, londes and contrees” (p. 2, _cf._ p. xxx
below); at any rate, there is no evidence that Fastolf served anywhere
but in France, both north and south, and in Ireland.

Footnote 48:

In the colophon to the other work he is styled son-in-law, but the
meaning is the same.

Footnote 49:

There is a good account of him in the _Dict. of National Biography_,
vol. xviii. See also G. Poulett Scrope, _Hist. of Castle Combe_, 1852,
ch. vii. p. 169. Besides other authorities given in the first-named
work, some further particulars and corrections are supplied in Wylie’s
_Hist. of England under Henry IV_., 1884–1898, and in Sir J. H.
Ramsay’s _Lancaster and York_, 1892.

Footnote 50:

Wylie, iii. p. 168.

Footnote 51:

_Ibid._

Footnote 52:

_Hist. of Castle Combe_, p. 282.

Footnote 53:

Wylie, iv. p. 74.

Footnote 54:

Wylie, iv. p. 86.

Footnote 55:

The warrant for his pay, 18th June, is in Rymer’s _Fœdera_, ed. 1740,
iv. pt. ii. p. 130.

Footnote 56:

According to the _Boke of Noblesse_ (see below, p. xliii.), p. 15,
“the seyd erle made Ser John Fastolfe, chevaler, his lieutenaunt with
m^lv^c soudeours.”

Footnote 57:

Rymer, iv. pt. ii. p. 153. _Dict. Nat. Biogr._ has 1417–18.

Footnote 58:

The _Boke of Noblesse_, after praising him for his care in
provisioning his garrisons, goes on to say (p. 68), “and that policie
was one of the grete causes that the regent of Fraunce and the lordes
of the kyngys grete councelle lefft hym to hafe so many castells to
kepe that he ledd yerly iii^c sperys and the bowes.” The value of his
foresight in this respect is then illustrated by an anecdote of what
happened when the Bastille was threatened with a siege in 1420.

Footnote 59:

The _Dict. Nat. Biogr._ oddly calls the place Mons!

Footnote 60:

Act iii. sc. 2, ll. 104–109; Act iv. sc. 1, ll. 9–47.

Footnote 61:

_Paston Letters_, i. p. 37; Stevenson, _Wars of the English in
France_, Rolls Series, ii. pt. ii. p. [549].

Footnote 62:

Stevenson, pp. [433], [575].

Footnote 63:

Ramsay, _Lancaster and York_, ii. p. 41.

Footnote 64:

Brit. Mus. Add. ch. 14,598, “pro notabili et laudabili seruicio ac
bono consilio que predilectus consiliarius noster Ioh. Fastolff miles
nobis impendit et impendet in futurum,” 12 May, 19 Hen. VI. The future
service was no doubt to be rendered in the council-chamber rather than
the field.

Footnote 65:

“Thus endeth the boke of Tulle of olde age translated ont of latyn in
to frenshe by laurence de primo facto ... and enprynted by me symple
persone William Caxton in to Englysshe ... the xii day of August the
yere of our lord m.cccc.lxxxi.”

Footnote 66:

He was father of Sir John Paston, for whom a copy of “Othea” was
written in 1469, as well as of John Paston the younger, who owned a
copy somewhat later (see above, p. x).

Footnote 67:

See Gairdner’s introduction, ed. 1896, i. p. lxxxvii. Fastolf’s
relations with his stepson are also illustrated by numerous documents
in G. Poulett Scrope’s _History of Castle Combe_, where there are
memoirs of both, as lords of that manor.

Footnote 68:

_Hist. of Castle Combe_, p. 279.

Footnote 69:

“Thorugh the wiche sale I tooke sekenesses that kept me a xiii. or
xiiii. yere swyng, whereby I am disfigured in my persone and shall be
whilest I lyve” (_ibid._).

Footnote 70:

From some curious accounts dealing with meat and fish in 1427–8
(_ibid._ p. 266) he was perhaps in the commissariat service.

Footnote 71:

_Hist. of Castle Combe_, p. 169.

Footnote 72:

_Chroniques_, ed. W. Hardy, Rolls Series, vol. for 1422–31, p. 289.
Elsewhere (p. 254) he describes him as “moult sage et prudent aux
armes au quel se fyoit grandement le duc de Bethfort, regent.”

Footnote 73:

She was a second wife, but the name of the first, who bore him a
daughter, is not known (_Hist. of Castle Combe_, p. 271).

Footnote 74:

_Ibid._, p. 276; _Paston Letters_, i. p. 356.

Footnote 75:

_Ibid._, p. 419.

Footnote 76:

William Paston to John Paston: “He wyll dwelle at Caster, and Skrop
wyth hym” (_Paston Letters_, i. p. 296). “The chaumboure sumtyme for
Stephen Scrope” is mentioned in the inventory of Fastolf’s effects at
Caister made after his death (_ibid._, i. p. 482).

Footnote 77:

See below, p. xliii. The note (Roxburghe Club ed. p. 54) runs,
“Notandum est quod Cristina [fuit] domina præclara natu et moribus et
manebat in domo religiosarum dominarum apud Passye prope Parys; et ita
virtuosa fuit quod ipsa exhibuit plures clericos studentes in
vniuersitate Parisiensi, et compilare fecit plures libros virtuosos,
utpote librum arborum bellorum, et doctores racione eorum exhibicionis
attribuerunt nomen autoris Cristine, sed aliquando nomen autoris
clerici studentis imponitur in diuersis libris; et vixit circa annum
Christi 1430, sed floruit ab anno Christi 1400.”

Footnote 78:

Guiffrey, _Inventaires_, i. p. 249; _cf._ Delisle, _Le Cabinet des
MSS._, iii. p. 193, no. 290.

Footnote 79:

In answer to an inquiry M. Omont, keeper of MSS., kindly states that
only one of them, franç. 12,438, a poor copy on paper, contains a
dedication to the Duke of Berry. It begins “Le Prologue. Louenge à
Dieu soit .... et après ensuivant à très noble fleur .... et puis à
vous excellant prince, saige, bon et vertueux, Jehan excellant,
redoubté filz au roy de France .... duc de Berry,” etc.

Footnote 80:

The “Cent Balades d’Amant et de Dame” (_Œuvres Poétiques_, ed. Roy,
iii. p. 209), besides ten others.

Footnote 81:

Printed by Roy, i. p. xiv. The MS. is there described and compared
with another rather earlier collection (now Bibl. Nat. franç. 835,
606, 836, 605), which the Duke of Berry bought from Christine for 200
crowns. A reduced facsimile of the first page of the Harley MS., with
a large miniature of Christine presenting the volume to the queen in
her bedchamber, is prefixed to Roy’s vol. iii. (_cf._ a note by P.
Meyer, p. xxii.). A coloured plate of the same miniature is given by
Shaw, _Dresses and Decorations of the Middle Ages_, 1843.

Footnote 82:

Delisle, _Le Cabinet des MSS._, i. p. 52.

Footnote 83:

This is the only edition in the British Museum. Its second title runs:
_Lepistre de Othea deesse de prudence enuoyee a lesperit cheualereux
Hector de troye auec cent hystoires. Nouuellement imprimee a Paris._
Other editions are said to have been issued at Lyons in 1497 and 1519,
and at Paris in 1522.

Footnote 84:

Both date and age were given on his tomb at Bourges erected by Charles
VII. in 1457 (Raynal, _Histoire du Berry_, 1844, ii. pp. 504, 513;
Champeaux and Gauchery, _Les Travaux d’art executés pour Jean de
France, Duc de Berry_, 1894, p. 43).

Footnote 85:

Ed. 1644, p. 238. Bouchet was born in 1476, and his work first
appeared in 1524. I owe the reference to it to Mr. Wylie.

Footnote 86:

_Histoire du Berry_, ii. p. 375.

Footnote 87:

_Histoire de France_, 4th edition, 1878, vi. p. 25. The most
favourable view of his character is given by Guiffrey, _Inventaires_,
p. cxci.

Footnote 88:

“Now children of gramere scole conneþ no more Frensch þan can here
lift heele ... also gentil men habbeþ now moche yleft for to teche
here childern Freynsch” (R. Morris, _Specimens of Early English_,
1867, p. 339). See also the Rolls Series edition of Higden, ii. p.
161, where Trevisa’s text is taken from another MS.

Footnote 89:

See Chaucer’s Nonne Prestes tale, l. 14, “Of poynant saws hir needide
never a deel.”

Footnote 90:

See above, p. xxxvi. There is an imperfect copy of the English text in
the British Museum (C. 21. a. 34).

Footnote 91:

H. R. Plomer, _Robert Wyer, printer and bookseller_, 1897. For an
account of the woodcuts, see p. 9.

Footnote 92:

“Here endyth thys Epistle, undre correccion, the xv. day of June, the
yeere of Crist M^ciiii^clxxv.,” etc. (p. 85).

Footnote 93:

Examples of his writing are fairly abundant, _e.g._ in the Brit. Mus.
MSS. Cotton Julius F. vii., Royal 13 C. i., Sloane 4 and Add.
27,443–4, 28,208, 34,888. In Sloane MS. 4, f. 38b, he gives a curious
account of Fastolf’s last illness.

Footnote 94:

Stevenson, _Wars of the English in France_, vol. ii. pt. ii. pp.
[519]–[742], from Lambeth MS. 506, which is partly in Worcester’s own
hand. His Annals, extending from 1324 to 1468, are printed in the same
volume, p. [743], from the autograph MS. in the College of Arms.

Footnote 95:

_Hist. of Castle Combe_, p. 288.

Footnote 96:

Written about 1385 and dedicated to Charles VI. It was first printed
at Lyons about 1480. See the modern edition by E. Nys, _L’Arbre de
Batailles_, Brussels, 1883.

Footnote 97:

The colophon of Caxton’s English version (above, p. xvi.) points to
the source of the misnomer: “Thus endeth this boke whiche Xpyne of
Pyse made and drewe out of the boke named Vegecius de re militari and
out of tharbre of bataylles.” Christine in fact made use of Bonet’s
work.

Footnote 98:

“I may sey to you that William hath goon to scole to a Lumbard called
Karoll Giles, to lern and to be red in poetre or els in Frensh; for he
hath byn with the same Caroll every dey ii. tymes or iii. and hath
bought divers boks of hym,” H. Wyndesore to J. Paston, 27th Aug. 1458
(_Paston Letters_, i. p. 431).

Footnote 99:

_Paston Letters_, i. p. cxiv.; _Hist. of Castle Combe_, p. 194.

Footnote 100:

Ed. J. Nasmith, 1778, p. 368, “1473, die 10 Aug. presentavi W.
episcopo Wyntoniensi apud Asher librum Tullii de Senectute per me
translatum in anglicis, sed nullum regardum recepi de episcopo.”

Footnote 101:

For this dedication, addressed by the translator, Stephen Scrope, to
his stepfather, Sir John Fastolf, see the Introduction.

Footnote 102:

_Sc._ worldly.

Footnote 103:

_Sc._ old.

Footnote 104:

So the MS., but John, Duke of Berry, was born 30th November, 1340, and
died 15th June, 1416.

Footnote 105:

The mythical Hermes Trismegistus. The citations from these and other
less well known philosophers were taken by Christine de Pisan from
Guillaume de Tignonville’s “Les dis moraulx des Philosophes,” which
Scrope himself translated into English (see Introduction). “Salomon”
here represents the “Salon” or “Zalon,” _sc._ Solon, of the original.

Footnote 106:

_Sc._ thee, which is spelt “the” throughout.

Footnote 107:

This parentage is explained further on, pp. 22, 24.

Footnote 108:

_Sc._ Heir; Feyre MS.; Hoir, H.

Footnote 109:

Affin que ton bon cuer sadrece, H. The translator no doubt read “tout
bon cœur.”

Footnote 110:

Qui de tous vaillans est ame, H. Pegasus is explained below (p. 15) as
meaning “a goode name, the which flyeth through the eyre.”

Footnote 111:

_Sc._ thee, whole and sum; me doit il de toy souuenir, H.

Footnote 112:

Et que tu me vueilles bien croire, H.

Footnote 113:

Sagesse de femme, H.

Footnote 114:

Thas, MS.

Footnote 115:

Greke, MS.; Troye la grant, H.

Footnote 116:

La belle ieunece, H.

Footnote 117:

Par les agais et assaulx, H.

Footnote 118:

Beatitude, H.

Footnote 119:

_Sc._ considering that.

Footnote 120:

Kynges, MS.; toutes choses terrestres, H.

Footnote 121:

Thesceyvable, MS., with “de” interlined.

Footnote 122:

De Singularitate Clericorum, attributed to Cyprian and Origen as well
as to St. Augustine (Migne, _Patrologia Latina_, iv. col. 835). The
passage runs (col. 866): “Ubicumque fuerit providentia, frustrantur
universa contraria; ubi autem providentia negligitur, omnia contraria
dominantur.”

Footnote 123:

Cesser et anientir, H.

Footnote 124:

Prov. ii. 10, 11. This and other quotations from the Vulgate are
supplied from the French text, being omitted by the translator,
possibly with the intention of filling them in from the Wycliffite
English version.

Footnote 125:

De vaillance cheualereuse, H.

Footnote 126:

Seur germaine, H.

Footnote 127:

_Sc._ the leaf of a leek; Car selle nen faisoit le pois, Tout ne te
vauldroit pas vn pois, H.

Footnote 128:

Serour, H.

Footnote 129:

Democritus, H.

Footnote 130:

De limiter les choses, H.

Footnote 131:

Ou liure des meurs de leglise, que loffice dattrempance est
reffraindre et appaisier les meurs de concupiscence, H. The repetition
of “meurs” caused the translator to omit some words. The reference is
to the treatise “De moribus ecclesiæ catholicæ,” i. 19 (Migne, xxxii.
1326).

Footnote 132:

1 Pet. ii. 11.

Footnote 133:

_Sc._ war, _cf._ next line; where, MS.

Footnote 134:

Sur la mer de Grece, H.

Footnote 135:

Maystyr, MS.; mestier, H.

Footnote 136:

_Sc._ by Cerberus.

Footnote 137:

Qui trop sont desloyaulx gaignons, H.

Footnote 138:

See below, p. 41.

Footnote 139:

_Sc._ on earth.

Footnote 140:

Aux lyons ne aux ours rampans, H.

Footnote 141:

_Sc._ allege, take example from; Et pour donner materiel exemple de
force, allegue Hercules, H.

Footnote 142:

_Sc._ high; by, MS; hault exemple, H.

Footnote 143:

_Sc._ fought.

Footnote 144:

A leaf is here missing from the MS.

Footnote 145:

The complete “texte” in H. runs:—

Encor se veulx estre des noz,
Ressembler te couuient Minos,
Tout soit il iusticier et maistres
Denfer et de tous li estres.
Car se tu te veulx auancier,
Estre te couuient iusticier,
Autrement de porter heaume
Nes digne ne tenir royaume.

Footnote 146:

En Crete, H.

Footnote 147:

Fierte, H.

Footnote 148:

De adventu Domini Sermo iii. (Migne, clxxxiii. 45), but the passage is
not literally translated.

Footnote 149:

Sa non puissance, H.

Footnote 150:

Chastisyng in chastisyng, MS.; garde et discipline, garde en le
gardant de mal faire et discipline en le chastiant se il a mal fait,
H.

Footnote 151:

Prov. xxi. 12, 15.

Footnote 152:

Apres te mire en Perseus, H., and so below; _cf._ Ovid, Met. iv., 610
sq.

Footnote 153:

Belue, H.; monstre, Wyer.

Footnote 154:

Chose couuenable, H.

Footnote 155:

_Sc._ won; il acquist, H.

Footnote 156:

_Sc._ should have; deuourer la deuoit, H.

Footnote 157:

_Sc._ flyeth; qui vole, H.

Footnote 158:

Many, MS.

Footnote 159:

Omitted in MS.; le porte, H.

Footnote 160:

Sermo ccclv., de vita et moribus clericorum (Migne, xxxix. 1569).

Footnote 161:

A bien viure, H.

Footnote 162:

Pour soy, H.; conscientia tibi, fama proximo tuo, S. Aug. The
translator evidently read “foy.”

Footnote 163:

Eccl. xli. 15.

Footnote 164:

_Sc._ the planet Jupiter; Joyus, MS.; de iouis les condicions, H.

Footnote 165:

Jābir ibn Aflah, an Arab astronomer of uncertain date, whose work on
Astronomy was published in Latin, in nine books, at Nuremberg in 1534.
A 15th century MS. of it is in the British Museum, Harley MS. 625.

Footnote 166:

Perhaps Nicholas of Lynne, a Carmelite who lived in the latter part of
the 14th century, and whose astronomical tables were used by Chaucer
in his “Astrolabe.” Among other works he wrote tracts “de natura
Zodiaci” and “de Planetarum domibus” (Tanner, _Bibliotheca_, p. 346).

Footnote 167:

Et est figuree a la compleccion sanguine, H.

Footnote 168:

_Sc._ Pythagoras.

Footnote 169:

Doulce et humaine, H.

Footnote 170:

A Nepocian, H. The passage does not appear to be among the works of
St. Gregory, nor in St. Jerome’s epistle to Nepotianus.

Footnote 171:

Matt. v. 7.

Footnote 172:

Traueilleux, H.

Footnote 173:

_Sc._ Hermes Trismegistus.

Footnote 174:

An unintelligible corruption; fist lange deuenir deable, H. and other
Fr. MSS.; doth [make] the aungell to become a devyll, Wyer; superbia
est per quam angelus cecidit, per quam Adam de naturæ suæ dignitate
dejectus est, Cass. Exp. in Psalterium (Migne, lxx. 843).

Footnote 175:

Tethe, MS.; la mort, H.

Footnote 176:

_Sc._ vein; la veine, H.

Footnote 177:

Ps. xxx. 7.

Footnote 178:

_Sc._ drove; le desherita et chaca, H.

Footnote 179:

_Sc._ ere; peser la chose ains quil donne, H.

Footnote 180:

Ye, MS.

Footnote 181:

_Sc._ note; peuent notter tous sages, H.

Footnote 182:

Moralia, xxvii. 3 (Migne, lxxvi. 401).

Footnote 183:

Ps. xviii. 10.

Footnote 184:

No such work appears under the name of Cassiodorus.

Footnote 185:

Esdras iii. 12.

Footnote 186:

The translator, not Christine de Pisan, is responsible for making
Phœbe masculine.

Footnote 187:

Ep. ad Simplicianum (Migne, xvi. 1085).

Footnote 188:

Ne se plunge point, H.; non tristibus mergitur, St. Ambr.

Footnote 189:

Eccl. xxvii. 12.

Footnote 190:

Folowynge, MS. There is some confusion here in the translation, _cf._
en ce monde et que le bon esperit par son exemple [pot bien] ensuiuir
son bon pere Ihesu Crist et batailler contre les vices, H.

Footnote 191:

Ephes. vi. 12.

Footnote 192:

Soyes aourne de faconde, H. The translator seems to have
misinterpreted “faconde,” eloquence, speech, as “falchion.”

Footnote 193:

_Sc._ old; ce tapprendra Mercurius, H.

Footnote 194:

Qui vont deuant, H.

Footnote 195:

Luke x. 16.

Footnote 196:

_Sc._ By thy mother enough shall be assigned to thee; te liurera assez
ta mere, H. The MS. reads “modus,” and in the next line “bater”
(amere, H.).

Footnote 197:

Cuir-bouilli, leather boiled and moulded, while soft, into the
required shape.

Footnote 198:

No exposition of the Creed appears among the works of Cassiodorus.

Footnote 199:

_Sc._ light; lumiere, H.

Footnote 200:

Hebr. xi. 6.

Footnote 201: