Chapter XXVI: Conclusion

"Verily, verily, I say unto thee, When thou wast young, thou
girdedst thyself, and walkedst whither thou wouldest: but when thou
shalt be old, thou shalt stretch forth thy hands, and another shall
gird thee, and carry thee whither thou wouldest not. Now this he
spake, signifying by what manner of death he should glorify God. And
when He had spoken this, He saith unto him, Follow Me. Peter,
turning about, seeth the disciple whom Jesus loved following; which
also leaned back on His breast at the supper, and said, Lord, who is
he that betrayed Thee? Peter therefore seeing Him saith to Jesus,
Lord, and what shall this man do? Jesus saith unto him, If I will
that he tarry till I come, what is that to thee? follow thou Me.
This saying therefore went forth among the brethren, that that
disciple should not die: yet Jesus said not unto him, that he should
not die; but, If I will that he tarry till I come, what is that to
thee? This is the disciple which beareth witness of these things,
and wrote these things: and we know that his witness is true. And
there are also many other things which Jesus did, the which if they
should be written every one, I suppose that even the world itself
would not contain the books that should be written."--JOHN xxi.
18-25.

Peter, springing up in the boat, and snatching his fisher's coat, and girding it round him, and dashing into the water, seemed to Jesus a picture of impetuous, inexperienced, fearless love. And as He looked upon it another picture began to shine through it from behind and gradually take its place--the picture of what was to be some years later when that impetuous spirit had been tamed and chastened, when age had damped the ardour though it had not cooled the love of youth, and when Peter should be bound and led out to crucifixion for his Lord's sake. As Peter wades and splashes eagerly to the shore the eye of Jesus rests on him with pity, as the eye of a parent who has passed through many of the world's darkest places rests on the child who is speaking of all he is to do and to enjoy in life. Fresh from His own agony, our Lord knows how different a temper is needed for prolonged endurance. But little disposed to throw cold water on genuine, however miscalculating enthusiasm, having it for His constant function to fan not to quench the smoking flax, He does not disclose to Peter all His forebodings, but merely hints, as the disciple comes dripping out of the water, that there are severer trials of love awaiting him than those which mere activity and warmth of feeling can overcome, "When thou wast young, thou girdedst thyself and walkedst whither thou wouldest: but when thou shalt be old, thou shalt stretch forth thy hands, and another shall gird thee, and carry thee whither thou wouldest not."

To a man of Peter's impulsive and independent temperament no future could seem less desirable than that in which he should be unable to choose for himself and do as he pleased. Yet this was the future to which the love he was now expressing committed him. This love, which at present was a delightful stimulus to his activities, diffusing joy through all his being, would gain such mastery over him that he would be impelled by it to a course of life full of arduous undertaking and entailing much suffering. The free, spontaneous, self-considering life to which Peter had been accustomed; the spirit of independence and right of choosing his own employments which had so clearly shown itself the evening before in his words, "I go a-fishing"; the inability to own hindrances and recognise obstacles which so distinctly betrayed itself in his leaping into the water,--this confident freedom of action was soon to be a thing of the past. This ardour was not useless; it was the genuine heat which, when plunged in the chilling disappointments of life, would make veritable steel of Peter's resolution. But such trial of Peter's love did await it; and it awaits all love. The young may be arrested by suffering, or they may be led away from the directions they had chosen for themselves; but the chances of suffering increase with years, and what is possible in youth becomes probable and almost certain in the lapse of a lifetime. So long as our Christian life utters itself in ways we choose for ourselves and in which much active energy can be spent and much influence exerted, there is so much in this that is pleasing to self that the amount of love to Christ required for such a life may seem very small. Any little disappointment or difficulty we meet with acts only as a tonic, like the chill of the waters of the lake at dawn. But when the ardent spirit is bound in the fetters of a disabled, sickly body; when a man has to lay himself quietly down and stretch forth his hands on the cross of a complete failure that nails him down from ever again doing what he would, or of a loss that makes his life seem a living death; when the irresistible course of events leads him past and away from the hopefulness and joy of life; when he sees that his life is turning out weak and ineffectual, even as the lives of others,--then he finds he has a more difficult part to play than when he had to choose his own form of activity and vigorously put forth the energy that was in him. To suffer without repining, to be laid aside from the stir and interest of the busy world, to submit when our life is taken out of our own hands and is being moulded by influences that pain and grieve us--this is found to test the spirit more than active duty.

The contrast drawn by our Lord between the youth and age of Peter is couched in language so general that it throws light on the usual course of human life and the broad characteristics of human experience. In youth attachment to Christ will naturally show itself in such gratuitous and yet most pardonable and even touching exhibitions of love as Peter here made. There is a girding of oneself to duty and to all manner of attainment. There is no hesitation, no shivering on the brink, no weighing of difficulties; but an impulsive and almost headstrong commital of oneself to duties unthought of by others, an honest surprise at the laxity of the Church, much brave speaking, and much brave acting too. Some of us, indeed, taking a hint from our own experience, may affirm that a good deal we hear about youth being warmer in Christ's service than maturity is not true, and that it had been a very poor prospect for ourselves if it had been true; and that with greater truth it may be said that youthful attachment to Christ is often delusive, selfish, foolish, and sadly in need of amendment. This may be so.

But however this may be, there can be no doubt that in youth we are free to choose. Life lies before us like the unhewn block of marble, and we may fashion it as we please. Circumstances may seem to necessitate our departing from one line of life and choosing another; but, notwithstanding, all the possibilities are before us. We may make ours a high and noble career; life is not as yet spoiled for us, or determined, while we are young. The youth is free to walk whither he will; he is not yet irrecoverably pledged to any particular calling; he is not yet doomed to carry to the grave the marks of certain habits, but may gird on himself whatever habit may fit him best and leave him freest for Christ's service.

Peter heard the words "Follow Me," and rose and went after Jesus; John did the same without any special call. There are those who need definite impulses, others who are guided in life by their own constant love. John would always absorbedly follow. Peter had yet to learn to follow, to own a leader. He had to learn to seek the guidance of his Lord's will, to wait upon that will and to interpret it--never an easy thing to do, and least of all easy to a man like Peter, fond of managing, of taking the lead, too hasty to let his thoughts settle and his spirit fixedly consider the mind of Christ.

It is obvious that when Jesus uttered the words "Follow Me," He moved away from the spot where they had all been standing together. And yet, coming as they did after so very solemn a colloquy, these words must have carried to Peter's mind a further significance than merely an intimation that the Lord wished His company then. Both in the mind of the Lord and of Peter there seems still to have been a vivid remembrance of Peter's denial; and as the Lord has given him opportunity of confessing his love, and has hinted what this love will lead him to, He appropriately reminds him that any penalties he might suffer for his love were all in the path which led straight to where Christ Himself for ever is. The superiority to earthly distresses which Christ now enjoyed would one day be his. But while he is beginning to take in these thoughts Peter turns and sees John following; and, with that promptness to interfere which characterised him, he asked Jesus what was to become of this disciple. This question betrayed a want of steadiness and seriousness in contemplating his own duty, and met therefore with rebuke: "If I will that he tarry till I come, what is that to thee? follow thou Me." Peter was prone to intermeddle with matters beyond his sphere, and to manage other people's affairs for them. Such a disposition always betrays a lack of devotion to our own calling. To brood over the easier lot of our friend, to envy him his capacity and success, to grudge him his advantages and happiness, is to betray an injurious weakness in ourselves. To be unduly anxious about the future of any part of Christ's Church, as if He had omitted to arrange for that future, to act as if we were essential to the well-being of some part of Christ's Church, is to intermeddle like Peter. To show astonishment or entire incredulity or misunderstanding if a course in life quite different from ours is found to be quite as useful to Christ's people and to the world as ours; to show that we have not yet apprehended how many men, how many minds, how many methods, it takes to make a world, is to incur the rebuke of Peter. Christ alone is broad as humanity and has sympathy for all. He alone can find a place in His Church for every variety of man.

Coming to the close of this Gospel, we cannot but most seriously ask ourselves whether in our case it has accomplished its object. We have admired its wonderful compactness and literary symmetry. It is a pleasure to study a writing so perfectly planned and wrought out with such unfailing beauty and finish. No one can read this Gospel without being the better for it, for the mind cannot pass through so many significant scenes without being instructed, nor be present at so many pathetic passages without being softened and purified. But after all the admiration we have spent upon the form and the sympathy we have felt with the substance of this most wonderful of literary productions, there remains the question: Has it accomplished its object? John has none of the artifice of the modern teacher who veils his didactic purpose from the reader. He plainly avows his object in writing: "These signs are written that ye might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that believing ye might have life through His name." After half a century's experience and consideration, he selects from the abundant material afforded him in the life of Jesus those incidents and conversations which had most powerfully impressed himself and which seemed most significant to others, and these he presents as sufficient evidence of the divinity of his Lord. The mere fact that he does so is itself very strong evidence of his truth. Here is a Jew, trained to believe that no sin is so heinous as blasphemy, as the worshipping more gods than one or making any equal with God--a man to whom the most attractive of God's attributes was His truth, who felt that the highest human joy was to be in fellowship with Him in whom is no darkness at all, who knows the truth, who is the truth, who leads and enables men to walk in the light as He is in the light. What has this hater of idolatry and of lying found as the result of a holy, truth-seeking life? He has found that Jesus, with whom he lived on terms of the most intimate friendship, whose words he listened to, the working of whose feelings he had scanned, whose works he had witnessed, was the Son of God. I say the mere fact that such a man as John seeks to persuade us of the divinity of Christ goes far to prove that Christ was Divine. This was the impression His life left on the man who knew Him best, and who was, judging from his own life and Gospel, better able to judge than any man who has since lived. It is sometimes even objected to this Gospel that you cannot distinguish between the sayings of the Evangelist and the sayings of his Master. Is there any other writer who would be in the smallest danger of having his words confounded with Christ's? Is not this the strongest proof that John was in perfect sympathy with Jesus, and was thus fitted to understand Him? And it is this man, who seems alone capable of being compared with Jesus, that explicitly sets Him immeasurably above himself, and devotes his life to the promulgation of this belief.

John, however, does not expect that men will believe this most stupendous of truths on his mere word. He sets himself therefore to reproduce the life of Jesus, and to retain in the world's memory those salient features which gave it its character. He does not argue nor draw inferences. He believes that what impressed him will impress others. One by one he cites his witnesses. In the simplest language he tells us what Christ said and what He did, and lets us hear what this man and that man said of Him. He tells us how the Baptist, himself pure to asceticism, so true and holy as to command the submission of all classes in the community, assured the people that he, though greater and felt to be greater than any of their old prophets, was not of the same world as Jesus. This man who stands on the pinnacle of human heroism and attainment, reverenced by his nation, feared by princes for the sheer purity of his character, uses every contrivance of language to make the people understand that Jesus is infinitely above him, incomparable. He himself, he said, was of the earth: Jesus was from above and above all; He was from heaven, and could speak of things He had seen; He was the Son.

The Evangelist tells us how the incredulous but guileless Nathanael was convinced of the supremacy of Jesus, and how the hesitating Nicodemus was constrained to acknowledge Him a teacher sent by God. And so he cites witness after witness, never garbling their testimony, not making all bear the one uniform testimony which he himself bears; nay, showing with as exact a truthfulness how unbelief grew, as how faith rose from one degree to another, until the climax is reached in Thomas's explicit confession, "My Lord and my God!" No doubt some of the confessions which John records were not acknowledgments of the full and proper divinity of Christ. The term "Son of God" cannot, wherever used, be supposed to mean that Christ is God. We, though human, are all of us sons of God--in one sense by our natural birth, in another by our regeneration. But there are instances in which the interpreter is compelled to see in the term a fuller significance, and to accept it as attributing divinity to Christ. When, for example, John says, "No man hath seen God at any time: the _only-begotten Son_, which is in the bosom of the Father, He hath declared Him," it is evident that he thinks of Christ as standing in a unique relation to God, which separates Him from the ordinary relation in which men stand to God. And that the disciples themselves passed from a more superficial use of the term to a use which had a deeper significance is apparent in the instance of Peter. When Peter in answer to the inquiry of Jesus replied, "Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God," Jesus replied, "Flesh and blood hath not revealed this unto thee"; but this was making far too much of Peter's confession if he only meant to acknowledge Him to be the Messiah. In point of fact, flesh and blood did reveal the Messiahship of Jesus to Peter, for it was his own brother Andrew who told Peter that he had found the Messiah, and brought him to Jesus. Plainly therefore Jesus meant that Peter had now made a further step in his knowledge and in his faith, and had learned to recognise Jesus as not only Messiah, but as Son of God in the proper sense.

In this Gospel, then, we have various forms of evidence. We have the testimonies of men who had seen and heard and known Jesus, and who, though Jews, and therefore intensely prejudiced against such a conception, enthusiastically owned that Christ was in the proper sense Divine. We have John's own testimony, who writes his Gospel for the purpose of winning men to faith in Christ's Sonship, who calls Christ Lord, applying to Him the title of Jehovah, and who in so many words declares that "the Word was God"--the Word who became flesh in Jesus Christ. And what is perhaps even more to the purpose, we have affirmations of the same truth made by Jesus Himself: "Before Abraham was I am"; "I and the Father are one"; "The glory which I had with Thee before the world was"; "He that hath seen Me hath seen the Father." Who that listens to these sayings can marvel that the horrified Jews considered that He was making Himself equal with God and took up stones to stone Him for blasphemy? Who does not feel that when Jesus allowed this accusation to be brought against Him at the last, and when He allowed Himself to be condemned to death on the charge, He must have put the same meaning on His words that they put? Otherwise, if He did not mean to make Himself equal with the Father, would He not have been the very first to unmask and protest against so misleading a use of language? Had He not known Himself to be Divine, no member of the Sanhedrim could have been so shocked as He to listen to such language or to use it.

But in reading this Gospel one cannot but remark that John lays great stress on the miracles which Christ wrought. In fact, in announcing his object in writing it is especially to the miracles he alludes when he says, "These signs are written that ye might believe." In recent years there has been a reaction against the use of miracles as evidence of Christ's claim to be sent by God. This reaction was the necessary consequence of a defective view of the nature, meaning, and use of miracles. For a long period they were considered as merely wonders wrought in order to prove the power and authority of the Person who wrought them. This view of miracles was so exclusively dwelt upon and urged, that eventually a reaction came; and now this view is discredited. This is invariably the process by which steps in knowledge are gained. The pendulum swings first to the one extreme, and the height to which it has swung in that direction measures the momentum with which it swings to the opposite side. A one-sided view of the truth, after being urged for a while, is found out and its weakness is exposed, and forthwith it is abandoned as if it were false; whereas it is only false because it claimed to be the whole truth. Unless it be carried with us, then, the opposite extreme to which we now pass will in time be found out in the same way and its deficiencies be exposed.

In regard to miracles the two truths which must be held are: first, that they were wrought to make known the character and the purposes of God; and, secondly, that they serve as evidence that Jesus was the revealer of the Father. They not only authenticate the revelation; they themselves reveal God. They not only direct attention to the Teacher; they are themselves the lessons He teaches.

During the Irish famine agents were sent from England to the distressed districts. Some were sent to make inquiries, and had credentials explaining who they were and on what mission; they carried documents identifying and authenticating them. Other agents went with money and waggon-loads of flour, which were their own authentication. The charitable gifts told their own story; and while they accomplished the object the charitable senders of the mission had in view, they made it easy of belief that they came from the charitable in England. So the miracles of Christ were not bare credentials accomplishing nothing else than this--that they certified that Christ was sent from God; they were at the same time, and in the first place, actual expressions of God's love, revealing God to men as their Father.

Our Lord always refused to show any bare authentication. He refused to leap off a pinnacle of the Temple, which could serve no other purpose than to prove He had power to work miracles. He resolutely and uniformly declined to work mere wonders. When the people clamoured for a miracle, and cried, "How long dost Thou make us doubt?" when they pressed Him to the uttermost to perform some marvellous work solely and merely for the sake of proving His Messiahship or His mission, He regularly declined. On no occasion did He admit that such authentication of Himself was a sufficient cause for a miracle. The main object, then, of the miracles plainly was not evidential. They were not wrought chiefly, still less solely, for the purpose of convincing the onlookers that Jesus wielded super-human power.

What, then, was their object? Why did Jesus so constantly work them? He wrought them because of His sympathy with suffering men,--never for Himself, always for others; never to accomplish political designs or to aggrandise the rich, but to heal the sick, to relieve the mourning; never to excite wonder, but to accomplish some practical good. He wrought them because in His heart He bore a Divine compassion for men and felt for us in all that distresses and destroys. His heart was burdened by the great, universal griefs and weaknesses of men: "Himself took our infirmities and bare our sicknesses." But this was the very revelation He came to make. He came to reveal God's love and God's holiness, and every miracle He wrought was an impressive lesson to men in the knowledge of God. Men learn by what they see far more readily than by what they hear, and all that Christ taught by word of mouth might have gone for little had it not been sealed on men's minds by these consistent acts of love. To tell men that God loves them may or may not impress them, may or may not be believed; but when Jesus declared that He was sent by God, and preached His gospel by giving sight to the blind, legs to the lame, health to the hopeless, that was a form of preaching likely to be effectual. And when these miracles were sustained by a consistent holiness in Him who worked them; when it was felt that there was nothing ostentatious, nothing self-seeking, nothing that appealed to mere vulgar wonder in them, but that they were dictated solely by love,--when it was found that they were thus a true expression of the character of Him who worked them, and that that character was one in which human judgment at least could find no stain, is it surprising that He should have been recognised as God's true representative?

Supposing, then, that Christ came to earth to teach men the fatherhood and fatherliness of God--could He have more effectually taught it than by these miracles of healing? Supposing He wished to lodge in the minds of men the conviction that man, body and soul, was cared for by God; that the diseased, the helpless, the wretched were valued by Him,--were not these works of healing the most effectual means of making this revelation? Have not these works of healing in point of fact proved the most efficient lessons in those great truths which form the very substance of Christianity? The miracles are themselves, then, the revelation, and carry to the minds of men more directly than any words or arguments the conception of a loving God, who does not abhor the affliction of the afflicted, but feels with His creatures and seeks their welfare.

And, as John is careful throughout his Gospel to show, they suggest even more than they directly teach. John uniformly calls them "signs," and on more than one occasion explains what they were signs of. He that loved men so keenly and so truly could not be satisfied with the bodily relief He gave to a few. The power He wielded over disease and over nature seemed to hint at a power supreme in all departments. If He gave sight to the blind, was He not also the light of the world? If He fed the hungry, was He not Himself the bread which came down from heaven?

The miracles, then, are evidences that Christ is the revealer of the Father, because they do reveal the Father. As the rays of the sun are evidences of the sun's existence and heat, so are the miracles evidences that God was in Christ. As the natural and unstudied actions of a man are the best evidences of his character; as almsgiving that is not meant to disclose a charitable spirit, but for the relief of the poor, is evidence of charity; as irrepressible wit, and not clever sayings studied for effect, is the best evidence of wit--so these miracles, though not wrought for the sake of proving Christ's union with the Father, but for the sake of men, do most effectually prove that He was one with the Father. Their evidence is all the stronger because it was not their primary object.

But for us the question remains, What has this Gospel and its careful picture of Christ's character and work done for us? Are we to close the Gospel and shut away from us this great revelation of Divine love as a thing in which we claim no personal share? This exhibition of all that is tender and pure, touching and hopeful, in human life--are we to look at it and pass on as if we had been admiring a picture and not looking into the very heart of all that is eternally real? This accessibility of God, this sympathy with our human lot, this undertaking of our burdens, this bidding us be of good cheer--is it all to pass by us as needless for us? The presence that shines from these pages, the voice that sounds so differently from all other voices--are we to turn from these? Is all that God can do to attract us to be in vain? Is the vision of God's holiness and love to be without effect? In the midst of all other history, in the tumult of this world's ambitions and contendings, through the fog of men's fancies and theories, shines this clear, guiding light: are we to go on as if we had never seen it? Here we are brought into contact with the truth, with what is real and abiding in human affairs; here we come into contact with God, and can for a little look at things as He sees them: are we, then, to write ourselves fools and blind by turning away as if we needed no such light--by saying, "We see, and need not be taught?"

_Printed by Hazell Watson, & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._

THE EXPOSITOR'S BIBLE.

EDITED BY THE REV. W. ROBERTSON NICOLL, M.A., LL.D.

_Crown 8vo, cloth, price 7s. 6d. each vol._

FIRST SERIES, 1887-88.

Colossians.
By A. MACLAREN, D.D.

St. Mark.
By Very Rev. the Dean of Armagh.

Genesis.
By Prof. MARCUS DODS, D.D.

1 Samuel.
By Prof. W. G. BLAIKIE, D.D.

2 Samuel.
By the same Author.

Hebrews.
By Principal T. C. EDWARDS, D.D.

SECOND SERIES, 1888-89.

Galatians.
By Prof. G. G. FINDLAY, B.A.

The Pastoral Epistles.
By Rev. A. PLUMMER, D.D.

Isaiah I.--XXXIX.
By G. A. SMITH, M.A. Vol. I.

The Book of Revelation.
By Prof. W. MILLIGAN, D.D.

1 Corinthians.
By Prof. MARCUS DODS, D.D.

The Epistles of St. John.
By Rt. Rev. W. ALEXANDER, D.D.

THIRD SERIES, 1889-90.

Judges and Ruth.
By Rev. R. A. WATSON, D.D.

Jeremiah.
By Rev. C. J. BALL, M.A.

Isaiah XL.--LXVI.
By G. A. SMITH, M.A. Vol. II.

St. Matthew.
By Rev. J. MONRO GIBSON, D.D.

Exodus.
By Very Rev. the Dean of Armagh.

St. Luke.
By Rev. H. BURTON, B.A.

FOURTH SERIES, 1890-91.

Ecclesiastes.
By Rev. SAMUEL COX, D.D.

St. James and St. Jude.
By Rev. A. PLUMMER, D.D.

Proverbs.
By Rev. R. F. HORTON, M.A.

Leviticus.
By Rev. S. H. KELLOGG, D.D.

The Gospel of St. John.
By Prof. M. DODS, D.D. Vol. I.

The Acts of the Apostles.
By Prof. STOKES, D.D. Vol. I.

FIFTH SERIES, 1891-92.

The Psalms.
By A. MACLAREN, D.D. Vol. I.

1 and 2 Thessalonians.
By JAS. DENNEY, B.D.

The Book of Job.
By R. A. WATSON, D.D.

Ephesians.
By Prof. G. G. FINDLAY, B.A.

The Gospel of St. John.
By Prof. M. DODS, D.D. Vol. II.

The Acts of the Apostles.
By Prof. STOKES, D.D. Vol. II.

LONDON: HODDER & STOUGHTON, 27, PATERNOSTER ROW.

_WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR._

THE BOOK OF GENESIS. Fifth Edition. Crown 8vo, 7s. 6d.

THE GOSPEL OF ST. JOHN. Vol. I. Crown 8vo, 7s. 6d.

THE FIRST EPISTLE TO THE CORINTHIANS. Third Edition. Crown 8vo, 7s. 6d.

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE NEW TESTAMENT. Fourth Edition. Crown 8vo, 2s. 6d.

THE PARABLES OF OUR LORD. (Matthew.) Seventh Thousand. Crown 8vo, 3s. 6d.

THE PARABLES OF OUR LORD. Second Series. (Luke.) Sixth Thousand. 3s. 6d.

THE PRAYER THAT TEACHES TO PRAY. Seventh Edition. Crown 8vo, 2s. 6d.

ISAAC, JACOB, AND JOSEPH. Sixth Thousand. Crown 8vo, 3s. 6d.

ISRAEL'S IRON AGE: Sketches from the Period of the Judges. Sixth Edition. Crown 8vo, 3s. 6d.

MOHAMMED, BUDDHA, AND CHRIST. Sixth Thousand. Crown 8vo, 3s. 6d.

ERASMUS AND OTHER ESSAYS. Second Edition, Crown 8vo, 5s.

LONDON: HODDER & STOUGHTON, 27, PATERNOSTER ROW.

_WORKS BY THE_ REV. MARCUS DODS, D.D.

THE BOOK OF GENESIS.

_Fifth Edition. Crown 8vo, cloth, price 7s. 6d._

"The execution of this (_Expositor's Bible_) series has been
excellent. Dean Chadwick's treatment of the Gospel of St. Mark is in
almost perfect proportion, happy in style, just and reasonable in
temper, and full of helpful and suggestive thinking. The Colossians
and Philemon, by Dr. Maclaren, finely illustrate those subtle,
spiritual gifts of intellect and imagination that have made him the
favourite teacher of so many earnest and devout readers. In the Book
of Genesis a much more difficult and thorny piece of work fell to
the lot of Dr. Marcus Dods. There are at the present moment peculiar
difficulties in the treatment of those early chapters of Bible
story. The minds of general readers are hesitating between the old
literal and somewhat secular interpretation of the narrative, and
the new, more scientific, but not always more ideal and spiritual
reading of the record. That a settlement of the problem is possible,
and indeed not far off, is the conviction of many who have most
thoroughly studied the course and meaning of current thought; and
they do not doubt that the result will be to restore to us, in the
prelude of the history of redemption, everything the heart of faith
needs and loves, perchance in a purer and nobler form. Dr. Dods has
a steady head, a practised hand, and a determined will. With
admirable address he has steered his way between the shoals and
rocks of preliminary questions, and has brought safely to port his
rich cargo of exposition, the produce of many an arduous voyage of
discovery and research."--_Rev. Prof. W. G. Elmslie, D.D._

THE FIRST EPISTLE TO THE CORINTHIANS.

_Third Edition. Crown 8vo, price 7s. 6d._

"He shows himself to be thoroughly at home with his subject, and
that his exposition is clear, intelligent, and characterised by a
sobriety of judgment, a candour, and a sweet reasonableness which
are worthy of all praise, is only what might be expected from a
writer of Dr. Dods' well-known abilities and culture."--_Scotsman._

"The most varied of Paul's Epistles demands in its expositor a
combination of qualities which is very rarely met with. He who would
read it aright from beginning to end must be theologian, casuist,
and historian all in one; he must be equally at home in the ancient
and the modern Church, in ancient and in modern life. There is
probably no man living in whom these characters are more at one than
Dr. Dods; and though the student of exegesis may sometimes look in
this book for what he will not find, the practical expositor will
recognise in it a model of what his work should be."--_British
Weekly._

THE GOSPEL OF ST. JOHN.

IN TWO VOLUMES.

_Crown 8vo, cloth, price 7s. 6d. each._

"An excellent contribution to the series (_Expositor's Bible_). Dr.
Dods appears to us always to write with clearness and with vigour.
He has the gift of lucidity of expression, and by means of apt
illustrations he avoids the cardinal sin of dryness, so that the
interest, even of the general reader, will not flag as he smoothly
glides through these chapters."--_Guardian._

ERASMUS AND OTHER ESSAYS.

_Second Edition. Crown 8vo, cloth, price 5s._

"Professor Marcus Dods is a theologian, and much more. The essays in
this volume show him, not for the first time, as a man of much
reading, of broad and genial sympathies, refined but liberal
judgment, possessed of no little literary culture, and keenly
appreciative of literary and mental power in other men even when
they do not happen to belong to his own school. They have all more
or less permanent value. They are good literature, and make a book
worth having and reading."--_Scotsman._

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE NEW TESTAMENT.

_Fourth Edition. Fcap. 8vo, price 2s. 6d._

"The compiler has placed in the hands of ordinary readers the
results of the latest scholarship respecting the authorship,
genuineness, date and place of writing, and circumstances attending
the production of all the books of the New Testament. The work is
very well done indeed."--_English Churchman._

"When we compare it with even the best of the extant volumes on the
same subject, we are bound to acknowledge that Dr. Dods has
compressed into the 247 pages of this little book more than is to be
found in much bulkier works."--_Christian Leader._

"It contains an admirable, brief statement of the conclusions
arrived at concerning the books of the New Testament, after the most
recent and careful investigations of modern scholars. Dr. Marcus
Dods has packed away an immense amount of information in very small
space."--_Methodist Recorder._

"A more admirable manual we could not conceive. The student will
here find great riches in little room."--_Baptist Magazine._

"Dr. Dods has earned the gratitude of Biblical students by the
preparation of this work. It is an invaluable manual, so compact in
form and so concise in matter as to render it specially suitable for
use in public schools and colleges as a preparation for the study of
larger works when time permits. Let any young minister master this
portable volume, and he will be well furnished indeed."--_Methodist
New Connexion Magazine._

THE PARABLES OF OUR LORD.

As Recorded by St. Matthew.

_Seventh Thousand. Price 3s. 6d._

"Unfolded with a lucidity which ought to satisfy even Mr. Matthew
Arnold. The crisp, pointed, and graphic style of Dr. Dods is in
harmony with the keen and spiritual insight which marks him out as a
prince among the living expositors of the sacred
writings."--_Christian Leader._

"No thoughtful reader could rise from its perusal without being
imbued with holier feelings and actuated by sublimer aspirations
than when he took the book up."--_Liverpool Post._

"Eminently popular in style and practical in aim."--_Christian._

"Marked alike by careful language and sober thought."--_Guardian._

"Intelligent, reverent, and spiritual, marked by much literary
beauty, and will be read by both learned and simple."--_British
Quarterly._

"An interesting contribution to a most important
subject."--_Presbyterian Churchman._

THE PARABLES OF OUR LORD.

Second Series. Parables Recorded by St. Luke.

_Sixth Thousand. Crown 8vo, cloth, price 3s. 6d._

"Dr. Dods is a model for all expositors. He is lucid, reverent, and
suggestive. Though his style is usually somewhat austere, it
frequently blossoms into rare beauty and tenderness."--_Sheffield
Independent._

"He offers an original exposition, marked by strong common sense and
practical exhortation. He not only makes the circumstances of the
parable stand distinctly before the reader, introduces him into the
circle that heard it, and shows distinctly how it affected the
bystanders, but he also applies it skilfully to the conduct and
practices, the views and feelings, of the men of our day, and drives
its lesson home to their very hearts. This gives a great value to
the work."--_Literary Churchman._

THE PRAYER THAT TEACHES TO PRAY.

_Seventh Edition. Crown 8vo, price 2s. 6d._

"It is highly instructive, singularly lucid, and unmistakably for
quiet personal use."--_Clergyman's Magazine._

"It is very rarely that so much solid exposition can be found
compressed into so small a space. Soundly evangelical, the lectures
are at the same time luminous, refined, and practical, abounding not
only in fine glimpses of spiritual intuition, but also in keen
analysis of human character, and its sources and motives of
action."--_Freeman._

"A work so simple in style and in structure, breathing at every
point the spirit of the Master, can hardly fail to find acceptance,
and is eminently fitted to be at once edifying and
elevating."--_Scotsman._

ISAAC, JACOB, AND JOSEPH

_Sixth Thousand. Price 3s. 6d._

"The present volume is worthy of the writer's reputation. He deals
with the problems of human life and character which these
biographies suggest in a candid and manly fashion, and where he
discovers a spiritual significance in them his course is always
marked by sobriety and caution, yet he is not wanting in fervour and
earnestness."--_Spectator._

"We commend this volume to our readers as a model of popular
exposition.... For insight into the depths of the character
portrayed, an insight which amounts to _intimacy_, we have not for
many a day found any work superior to this."--_Baptist._

"Dr. Dods has the double qualifications for writing biography. He is
at once a student of books and a student of life. For reality
therefore, for freshness, for penetration, for insight into
character, these chapters are incomparable, and for the purposes of
'Household Exposition' we can conceive of no healthier form of
literature coming into our families."--_Christian._

ISRAEL'S IRON AGE:

Sketches from the Period of the Judges.

_Sixth Edition. Crown 8vo, cloth, price 3s. 6d._

"The popularity of this volume is richly deserved. The sketches are
bright and forcible, and abound in moral teaching and practical
lessons for the golden age of Victoria as well as for the iron age
of Israel."--_Evangelical Magazine._

"Powerful lectures. This is a noble volume, full of strength. Young
men especially will find in it a rich storehouse of prevailing
incentive to a godly life. Dr. Dods searches with a masterly
hand."--_Nonconformist._

"The characters are vividly and truthfully drawn, and many practical
lessons in daily life are enforced from their virtues and
vices."--_Standard._

MOHAMMED, BUDDHA, AND CHRIST.

_Sixth Thousand. Crown 8vo, cloth, price 3s. 6d._

"Four lectures by one of the most mature, competent, and able
theologians of the sister Church of Scotland. The book closes with
an essay on Christianity which is not only of much interest, but
full of thought and reverent Christian speculation. The last paper,
indeed, is a decided contribution to comparative theology, and as a
summary of the leading points on which the science of comparative
religion may be said to turn is of permanent usefulness and
worth."--_Christian._

"Its general truth few reflecting Christians will doubt, and its
elevating tendency nobody, Christian or unbeliever, will deny. To us
this book is specially welcome, as an evidence, in addition to many
others, of a new outburst of earnest religious thought and
sentiment."--_Spectator._

LONDON: HODDER & STOUGHTON, 27, PATERNOSTER ROW.