Chapter X: THE INFANT being in these respects provided for, it is now to be

duly dressed and swaddled in its _Swathing-Cloathes_; and beginning with the _HEAD_, a _Compress_ of a three or fourfold fine _Linnen Rag_, about _four Inches broad_, is to be applied to the _MOULD_, for defending the (yet open) _BRAIN_ from _Cold_, &c. which _Compress_ is to be carefully covered with, and pinned to the ordinary _CAPS_ made on purpose. Next then, some small soft _RAGS_ are to be laid behind the _Ears_, upon the _Breast_, in the _Arm-Pits_, and the _Groins_; after which the _BABE_ is to be wrapped softly up in _warm Blankets_, and discreetly _swathed_; not too strait, especially not about the _Breast_ and _Stomach_, that it may _breathe_ the freer, and the better retain the _MILK_ it sucks. The _ARMS_ are to be stretched along the _Sides_, and the _LEGS_ equally _streight_, with a little of the _Bed_ betwixt them; and the _HEAD_ is always to be kept steady, as the whole _CHILD_ is to be preserved _thus_ warmly wrapped up, and judiciously appointed. But now because the _INFANT_ is commonly committed to the _Nurse’s Care_, I shall, in the next Place, enter upon the _Description_ of the proper _Person_ for that purpose.

CHAP. VIII.
_Of the NURSE and her Regimen, together with the requisite Qualities of
her MILK._

THO’ the _BABE_ may be brought up by the Hand only, without _Suckling_, as many Instances of very thriving _Children_ testify; yet because the most natural, common, and commendable way is to _suckle_ it, I come now to touch upon the proper _NURSE_, her _Milk_, and _Diet_. Upon which I first observe, that the prime and chief _Quality_ of a good _NURSE_ is, that she be the _Mother_ of the _Fosterling INFANT_ herself; and that because her _MILK_, being generated of the same _Blood_, of which the _CHILD_ is formed, and has hitherto been nourished, is of a nearer _Affinity_ with the Nature of her _BABE_, than the _MILK_ of any _other strange Woman_ whatsoever; which can differ no less from the _Maternal Milk_, than the own _Mother_, and the _other_ differ in _Constitution_ and _Temperament_ of Body, _Regimen_, and _Method of Living_, &c. All which affect the _INFANT_ in no small Degree; for as the BLOOD is generated of the _Chyle_, and the _Spirits_ of the BLOOD, so the _CHILD_ imbibes the very _Manners_ and _Disposition_, as well as the gross _Humours_ and _Qualities_ of the _NURSE_ with her _Milk_.

AS a _Lamb_ sucking a _Goat_, changes not only its _Nature_, but even its _Skin_ and _Wool_ into the GOAT-_Kind_; so it is also among the _rational Creatures_: From hence we have justly the _old Proverb_, touching an _ill-natured Person_, that some _Brute_ or other has been his _NURSE_. And hence it is that _Romulus_ and _Remus_, the Sons of MARS (without any Reality) are said to have been nursed by a WOLF[182]; _Pelias_, the Son of _Neptune_, by a MARE; _Telephus_, the Son of _Hercules_, by a HIND, &c. Not that they ever actually sucked such _Creatures_, only their _NURSES_ were of such _Tempers_ and _Natures_, which they were thus supposed to have by the BREAST infused into them.

AND, in short, daily _Experience_, as well as many _Learned Authorities_, may sufficiently convince us, that CHILDREN really _suck_ in the several _vitious Inclinations_ and _depraved Passions_ of their _NURSES_; such as _Anger_, _Malice_, _Fear_, _Melancholy_, &c. Agreeable to which Opinion, _Diodorus_ says[183], that _Nero_ the Emperor’s _NURSE_ was very much addicted to _Drinking_; which Habit _Nero_ imbibed from _her_, to such a Degree, that the People took notice of it, and from thence instead of CLAUDIUS TIBERIUS NERO, call’d him _Caldius Biberius Mero_. The same Author relates of _Caligula_, that his _NURSE_ used frequently to moisten her _Nipples_ with BLOOD, that he might take the better hold of them; which (says the same _Diodorus_) was the _Cause_ of his being so cruel and _Blood-thirsty_ all the Days of his Life; that he not only committed frequent _Murders_ by his own Hand, but even wished that all humane Race was but one NECK, that he might have the pleasure to _cut it off_.

IN short, _honest Parents_ perceiving their _Children_ to incline variously, _one_ to _Thieving_, _another_ to _Drinking_; _one_ to _Stupidity_, _another_ to _Barbarity_; are amazed at such _Degeneracies_ of Mankind, not knowing after whom the _Child_ can take those Propensions. But abstracting from _this_, how many fine _Children_ do we daily see thrown into _Fits_, _Rickets_, _Consumptions_, &c. merely by _sucking_ their imprudent _NURSES_, when enraged, or otherways in a Passion? If then the _Case_ stands thus, that every _Disorder_ of the _NURSE_ is a real _Detriment_ to the _INFANT_, surely, upon this Account, all _Parents_ ought to know HER well, to whom they entrust these _Dear Pledges_ of their sacred and natural Desires.

MOREOVER yet, besides all these Things, the tender _Care_, as well as the _Love_ and _Affection_ of the MOTHER to her own CHILD, by far surpasses that of any _mercenary NURSE_ whatsoever. Wherefore the MOTHER, tho’ perhaps not the best _NURSE_ in other respects, is always preferable to a _STRANGER_: Which if People of _Probity_ and _Honour_ would more observe, I sincerely believe that there would not be so many graceless, disobedient, and undutiful _CHILDREN_ of our Age. I do not think what I have read of _Scipio Africanus_ to be any singular _Instance_; namely, that He esteemed _Her_ more for his MOTHER, who nursed him two Years after his _Birth_, than HER who brought him forth, and then forsook him in the World. Agreeable to which, and most _à propos_, was the Answer of the Philosopher, _Favorinus_[184], to the MOTHER of a certain _Noble-woman_ in _CHILD-BED_, who was dissuading her _Daughter_ to _nurse_ the _CHILD_ she had born; _viz._ _I entreat thee Woman_ (says he) _suffer her to be the whole and entire Mother of her own Son_. And verily, SHE only can be properly so called, who carefully _nurses_ as well as _brings forth_ her own _CHILDREN_. Hence it is that the _Earth_ is called the MOTHER of all Things, not so much because she produces all Things, as because she _maintains_ and _nurses_ what she produces.

ALL which, notwithstanding, there is sometimes a _Necessity_ (on account of sundry Reasons) to provide another _NURSE_ for the _CHILD_; wherefore I come now briefly to describe the most proper _Person_ for this _TRUST_, and to set forth the _Qualities_ of the most convenient _MILK_, for the wholesome Nourishment of the INFANT.

FIRST then, the _NURSE_ ought to be a Woman between the 20th and 35th _Year of her Age_, perfectly graced with the _Blessings_ and _Ornaments_ of _Nature_; and a Person of _Probity_ and _Reputation_ in her _Rank_, endued with _Love_, _Pity_, and _Tender-heartedness_: As she also ought to be _sound_ and _healthy_, of a good _Habit_ and _Disposition_ of Body and Mind, of a sanguine _Complexion_, and rosy _Colour_; of a _middle Stature_, having black or brown _Hair_, a _lively Eye_, _sweet Breath_, sound and white _Teeth_, with an agreeable chearful _Countenance_. In short, she ought also to be a _well-mannered_, _modest_, and _sober Person_, having middle-sized, well shaped, not flabby nor hanging down, but solid fleshy BREASTS, with elegant, firm, and well perforated _Nipples_.

SECONDLY, As to her _MILK_, it ought neither to be too _new_, nor too _old_; but at any time from the _Puerperial Flux_, until the 6th or 8th Month thereafter, it is not to be rejected; especially if it be of a good _Consistence_, neither too _thick_ nor too _thin_, of a pure _white Colour_, an agreeable pleasant _Smell_, and a perfect sweet _Taste_.

BUT it sometimes however happens, that the _Milk_ of a _NURSE_, otherways a very _proper Person_, degenerates from some of the abovesaid _Qualities_: In which _Case_ it is no ways convenient to change the _NURSE_, especially if it so happen to the MOTHER; only the _MILK_ is to be corrected according to _Art_, which may be easily performed by proper _Medicinal Means_, and that as well with respect to its _Quality_ as _Quantity_: However, as _this Case_ belongs to the _SYMPTOMS_ of the _Breasts_, which I have already declined speaking to, as in the foregoing _Chapter_, so I shall no ways enter upon it in this Place. But again——

THIRDLY as to her _Regimen_, such a NURSE is to make use of, and enjoy a good and convenient _Diet_; abstaining carefully from all _salt_ and _sharp Victuals_, as well as from high-spiced _Meats_, and strong or spirituous _Liquors_. In short, as she ought to avoid all Sorts of _intemperate Air_, and keep herself clean both in _Person_ and _Cloaths_; so she ought always to exercise herself by some light _Labour_, and keep herself in a moderate active Motion; prudently suppressing, at all Times and upon all Occasions, the various _Passions of the Mind_: By which means, any _Woman_ as above described, may make a very good _NURSE_, and that even without abstaining altogether either from the moderate Use of _Wine_, or of _Conjugal Conversation_; notwithstanding the contrary Opinion of most _Authors_, provided only that she does not give the _CHILD suck_ for an Hour or two after _Copulation_.

CHAP. IX.
_Of the Diet and Ablactation, together with the farther Regimen of the
CHILD._

BESIDES the _external_ and _internal Excrements_ mention’d in the foregoing _Chapter_, the INFANT in a few days after _BIRTH_, pukes up a certain Sort of _viscid Phlegm_; for which Reason it ought to have no _SUCK_ until this _Humour_ be evacuated, lest the MILK incorporating with that Matter, _both_ should corrupt: To prevent which Inconveniency, _some_ order a little _Oil of sweet Almonds by Expression_, and a small Quantity of _Sugar-Candy_, or a little fresh _Butter_ and _Honey_ mixed.

INSTEAD of which, however, I have seen some _Jewish Matrons_ give also the new-born CHILD for the first Thing, a little SALT dissolv’d and mix’d in a Spoonful of _Hysop_, or _Saxifrage-Water_; which (tho’ no improper _Prescription_ in itself) yet I conceive their chief Reason for it to proceed from _Ezek._ 16. 4. where the LORD summing up the Duty of the _MIDWIFE_, says, _Thou wast not salted at all_, &c. Again farther——

THE Learned _Arnoldus de Villa Nova_, advises us to give the _CHILD_, for the first Thing, half a Scruple of fine _pulverized Coral_ in a little of the _Woman’s MILK_; and that (says he) to prevent _FITS_, to which new-born _Children_ are very subject.

ALL which may be indifferently us’d, according to Pleasure, tho’ I take a small Spoonful of _Sugar’d Wine_, given twice or thrice a day, for the first four or five days running, to be the most preferable _Remedy_ for Prevention: By reason that the _Wine_ cuts and loosens the _Acid Humour_, preparing afterwards by _Concoction_ and _Digestion_ what remains, as the _Sugar_ temperates and helps to expurge the _Acrimony_: Which being duly done, I would order the INFANT always to rest, laying it not on its _Back_, but on its _Side_, that this _morbifick Matter_ may be the more commodiously voided by the _Mouth_, as already precautioned in _Chap._ 7.——

THIS _Humour_ being then thus prepared and discharg’d, the _Breast_ of some other clean and sound _Woman_ may be given the _CHILD_, until the _Mother’s Milk_ be purified for its proper _Use_; which it can scarce be supposed to be, before the _Dissolution_ of the _MILK-FEVER_, that is before the _ninth day_ after _DELIVERY_: From which time, it is to be maintain’d and nourish’d for the first three or four _Months_ by _BREAST-MILK_ only; augmenting however its _Allowance_ from day to day, in proportion to its _Age_ and _Strength_, that the weak _Stomach_ may never be overloaded, so as to occasion _Vomiting_, or (which is worse) a _DIARRHÆA_: To prevent which _Inconveniency_, let the _INFANT_ rather _suck often_, and a _little at a Time_, than too much at once.

AFTER these first Months are over, a little thin _PAP_ may be given it every Morning, and in time twice a day; which is commonly made of _Flower_ and _Milk_, or _Ale_, with a little _Sugar_ and _Butter_: But because _FLOWER_ is of itself _humid_ and _viscid_, and may not only occasion _Pains_ and _Obstructions_, but also, engender _Gravel_ and _Worms_, it ought to be first well _dryed_ in a new or clean earthen _Pot_ in an _Oven_; or, what is better, the PAP may be made of the _Crumb_ of a Loaf: Which Diet is properly observ’d, until the time of _Teething_, laying it still, a little after its _Meal_, to rest upon its _Side_, or now and then upon its _Back_, with the _Head_ a little rais’d; however not in the _Bed_ with the NURSE, for fear of overlaying it, but in a CRADLE close by her _Bed-side_; always very carefully covering the CHILD’S _Face_, that the _Light_ may not offend its tender _Eyes_, and render them any ways _distorted_ or _goggled_: And as the INFANT may be brought up by the _Hand_ without _Suckling_, so it may easily be accustomed to Sleep without _Rocking_. But be that as it will, as soon as the _CHILD_ is furnish’d with TEETH, it is proper by degrees to use it to a little more solid _Food_, such as _Bread_ and tender _Meats_ or _Fleshes_, however, a little chewed by the _NURSE_: In the mean time no _Crude_, or _Meats_ of hard _Digestion_, are to be allow’d it, because _such_ Things produce a _Corruption_ of _Humours_, whence _Worms_ engender, and other various, grievous, and irregular _Symptoms_ arise.

BUT before I proceed farther, I ought to observe, that the Duty of the Nurse does not consist entirely in the abovesaid Conditions; for the _BABE_ must be as duly _washed_ and _shifted_, _unswaddled_ and _reswaddled_ as FED: Wherefore from the BIRTH, until the third or fourth _Month_, it ought to be _loosed_ and _washed_ all over in _warm Water_ twice or thrice a day, before the warm Fire; as also in the night time if necessary, that the _Acrimony_ of the _Excrements_ may not offend it: Upon which at every singular Occasion, the NURSE may also _rub_ its tender Body gently, not only for the better _Concoction_ of its _Aliment_, but also for strengthening and consolidating its _Members_; which Offices being all carefully and affectionately done, the INFANT is to be _shifted toties quoties_, and orderly reswaddled in clean, dry and warm _Clouts_ and _Blankets_. However yet, from the third Month until the _Teething-Time_, the Body needs only be _washed once a day_, or (if you please) every other day; as from thence forward it may only be _twice a Week_.

MOREOVER, when the _CHILD_ begins to use its _Hands_ and _Feet_, if it moves briskly from place to place, it is a good Sign of a strong and lively _Constitution_; as it is the _Reverse_, when it sits torpidly or drowsily still and unactive. Which notwithstanding, these _brisk INFANTS_ are not to be allow’d such _Motions_ too soon, I mean not to use their _Feet_ prematurely or too fast, as many ignorant Nurses commonly encourage them to do: Because by these means, their tender Legs may be easily distorted or become crooked. Whereas when they are more firm and well-grown, they may be learned to walk by the help of the NURSE’S _Hand_, or of a _Leading-String_; as afterwards they may be inur’d to walk of themselves, by the means of a small _Vehicle_ or _Chariot_, as is generally well known in populous Places.

AS to the time of _Ablactation_, or weaning the _CHILD_ from the _Breast_, it is not always the same; _some_ being more robust and lively than _others_, and consequently may be sooner _wean’d_; but _others_ are more weak and tender, and accordingly require longer time of the _Breast_. However this be, the INFANT ought not to be wean’d before it has its compleat _Sett of Teeth_; _because_ if sooner, it can no ways duly prepare its _VICTUALS_ by the _Mouth_, for _Concoction_ in the _STOMACH_, which may be of very bad Consequence; Besides, in the time of _Teething_, especially about the _Eruption_ of those call’d the DOG-TEETH, the CHILD is subject to _Fevers_, Pains of the _Gums_, and various other _Symptoms_, which would certainly be of more _Danger_ by far, if it was at that _Juncture_ to be deprived of the BREAST.

OTHERWAYS, I take the due and proper Time for _Weaning_ the INFANT, to be about the 18th or 24th _Month_, rather longer than shorter; because it surely finds the Benefit of this proper and benign _Aliment_ all the Days of its Life. Yet at what time soever it happens to be done, the CHILD is not on a sudden to be accustomed to _different sorts_ of VICTUALS, but rather, while it yet _Sucks_, to be gradually brought to the _Use_ of what is most convenient for its _Nutrition_, such as _Hen_ or _Chicken-Broth_, or the _Soup_ of other Meats, mix’d with a little _Crumb of Bread_; or a _Soup_ made of Ale, and _Crumbs_, with a little _Fresh-Butter_, which is of excellent _Nourishment_: As before, or about the Time that the INFANT is to be _Wean’d_, a little half _chew’d Meat_ of any Sort, provided _sweet_ and _fresh_, may be given it for a good _weaning Repast_.

UPON this Head, I shall only farther observe, that the ABLACTATION, or Weaning, always happens more conveniently in the _Spring_ or _Autumn_, than in the _Summer_ or _Winter_, and _that_ more auspiciously with the _encreasing_ than with the _decreasing Moon_: And _this_, because otherways, besides the _Alteration_ which happens to the CHILD from the Change of its _Diet_ and _Aliment_, another may easily affect it from the _Calidity_ or _Frigidity_ of the _Ambient Air_.

BUT besides, in short, that the INFANT may be the better and the more readily _Wean’d_, the NURSE’S _Nipples_ may be anointed with the fresh _Juice of Wormwood_; or with a _Liniment_ of the same _Juice_, _Honey_ and _Aloes_; or any other proper _Ingredients_, discreetly us’d, that its tender _Lips_ or _Gums_ may not be inflam’d, nor the weak _Stomach_ hurt or offended. However, the better way is, that the NURSE withdraw herself from the CHILD’S _Presence_; upon which it is to be plentifully _fed_, as already advis’d, allowing it a little _Ale_, but no _Wine_, for its Drink.

NOW as to the DIET and _Regimen_ of _Children_ from ABLACTATION to the first _Seventh Year of their Age_, I would farther observe, that it differs yet altogether from that of more _adult Persons_, since their infirm _Habits_ and tender _Bodies_ can no way tolerate, or withstand the consequential _Effects_ of an irregular DIET, or an Erroneous _Regimen_: Besides this Age requires VICTUALS frequently, and _that_ not only what is sufficient for _Nutriment_, but also for _Growth_: And moreover they ought still to be now and then _bathed_ or _washed_ at Times.

BUT touching the _Affections_ and _Passions_ of their Minds, great _Care_ must be taken, that they be not provoked to _Wrath_ or _Anger_, nor frighted with fearful _Notions_ or _Phantasms_; since such Things make strong _Impressions_ upon their soft Bodies, and frequently give ORIGIN to _Convulsions_, _Epilepsies_, &c. However, as _Children_ are naturally more prone to _Evil_ than to _Good_, and to _Vice_ rather than to _Virtue_, they are not to be too much indulged; but from their _Infancy_ upwards, all such perverse _Faculties_ and _Passions_ of Mind are to be so curbed and moderated, that they may become subservient and obedient to _Reason_; and _that_ because this very _Age_ is the proper Time to lay the _Foundation_ of their future good _Qualities_ and _Disposition_, agreeable to the _Rules_ and _Præscripts_ of a right rational OECONOMY.

I know _This_ is sometimes accounted a hard _Task_, but if we consider that the WHELPS of Savage _Bears_ and _Lions_ may be so tamed, as to obey the _Motions_ of their KEEPER, how much more easily may the _Sons_ of MEN be inur’d to follow the _Laws_ of right _Reason_? Their _Passion_ first discover themselves most commonly by _Crying_ and _Tears_, tho’ sometimes also otherways; wherefore such FITS of _Anger_ or _Passion_ ought to be prudently reprehended in them; and when neither _Admonitions_ nor _Commands_ may prevail, then _Threats_ ought to take place, that all _Frowardness_ and _Obstinacy_ may be stifled in the BUD; for the Mind of _Youth_ may be justly compar’d to a _Mass_ of WAX or CLAY, on which we may readily _stamp_ what _Impression_ we please to make.

FOR these _Reasons_, their _Attendants_, or such other Persons as may be occasionally about _Children_, ought carefully to avoid _doing_ or _saying_ any _mean_, _base_ or _vile Thing_, especially in their Presence or to their Knowledge; since here the _old Proverb_ holds most true, that, _we are drawn by Precept, but led by Example_. Wherefore to moderate and mitigate their _Passions_, CHILDREN ought to be allowed proper _Diversions_, and such _Exercises_ of Body as their _Age_ and _Constitution_ will permit; and _that_ also, because if they were to be brought up lazily or sluggishly, without _Motion_ or _Exercise_, their VICTUALS which is now commonly given them both plentifully and frequently, could not possibly _disperse_ itself nor _digest_, upon which the _innate Heat_ would infallibly suffer a sensible _Decay_.

THESE Things being duly observed, it now only farther remains, that the CHILD be well train’d up, and carefully educated; instilling all along into its Mind the _Principles_ of _Humanity_ and _Morality_, and instructing it gradually in the Knowledge of _Arts_ and _Sciences_; which it will even at this tender Age be found capable of Conceiving: For the _Human Mind_ being naturally adapted to attain to the _Cognition_ of all sublunary Things, may be thus endued and furnished with the most laudable _Arts_, before it can distinguish the USE of them; since according to the _Philosopher_’s wise saying[185], _Nostrum scire nihil aliud est, quam Reminsisci_. Because (I say) the _Mind of Man_ perceives and comprehends the Notion and Knowledge of all temporal Things in it self, notwithstanding that it cannot easily display it self, by reason of the burthensome Oppression of the _Body_ and its gross _Humours_: Like as a FIRE, overlaid with _Ashes_, must be raised up and fomented, before its engender’d or retain’d _Sparkles_ can exert themselves with any _Lustre_; so it is even with us, before the _Light_ and _Instinct_ of our Natures can shine forth: For as some ROOTS cast no _Smell_, or breathe no _Fragrancy_ of themselves, unless they be softly touched or squeezed with the _Hand_; so neither do our _Natural Powers_ and _Faculties_ exert or show themselves, unless they be diligently exercised and cultivated.

THUS we have now guided and conducted the CHILD from its BIRTH, to the _Seventh Year of his Age_; which being only meant by the INFANT, that was safely _Born_, and continued all along in _Health_; I come now in the next place, to hint upon what is farther _Requisite_ towards the _rearing of such_ CHILDREN, whole _Misfortune_ it may be, either to come into the World with _Infirmities_, or to be afterwards subjected to them in their _Cradles_. And FIRST,

CHAP. X.
_Of the various Symptoms and Indispositions wherewith the_ CHILD _may be
Born._

SINCE _some_ only, not _all_ CHILDREN, happen to bring _Infirmities_ with them into the World; and because such _Indispositions_ as are chiefly meant here, discover themselves presently at the Time of BIRTH, and require immediate _Cure_; I shall concisely enter upon, and briefly comprehend them All here, as they most commonly fall out, in this present _Chapter_.

IN order to which, I shall previously observe, that such _Inconveniencies_ happening to the INFANT, may have a double _Origin_, and proceed either from a _Defect_ in Nature, or the _Effect_ of a difficult BIRTH: The _First_ may take Rise from various Causes, such as of the _Parental Seed_, the _Forming Faculty_, the _Maternal_ or _Uterine Constitution_, an _illegitimate Time_ of BIRTH, and the like; as the _Latter_ may also arrive, not only from a _Difficult_, or _Preternatural_ LABOUR, _&c._ but also from the ignorant, rough Usage, or barbarous Treatment of the MIDWIFE. However, not to insist too long on these Things, it very often, and too commonly happens.

I. THAT, The CHILD suffers so much in the _Birth_, that (when born) it is hard to know, whether it be _dead_ or _alive_, not one part of the Body being perceiv’d to _move_; which however may be _thus_ well known, _viz._ by laying my _Hand_ upon its _Breast_, I shall feel the Motion of the _Heart_, if alive, tho’ never so weak; as I shall also perceive a small _Pulsation_ of the _Arteries_, by touching the NAVEL-STRING near the _Belly_.

IN which _Case_, I would immediately order the INFANT to be laid in a _Warm Bed_ or _Blanket_, and quickly carried to the FIRE; where its _Mouth_ is to be open’d, as its _Nose_ is to be clean’d and unstopp’d with small TENTS dipp’d in warm _White-Wine_, and _Linnen_ wet with the same applied to its _Breast_ and _Belly_; spurting always in the mean time, a little of the same _Wine_ into its _Mouth_ and _Nose_, until it begin to stir: Or then I would distil a drop of _Aqua-Vitæ_, from time to time upon its _Tongue_, bathing its _Pulses_ and _Nostrils_ with the same, while I anointed its _Mouth_ with _Honey_.

II. IT sometimes only happens, that the tender FACE is bruised _Black_ or _Blew_, _Pale_ or _Livid_; which may also as well proceed from the Bones of the PELVIS, or from the CHILD’S being Born _Face-upwards_, as from the MIDWIFE’S hard Usage. In this _Condition_, I would only order it to be frequently anointed with the _Oil of Sweet Almonds_, drawn without FIRE, that is, by Expression; upon which it soon recovers its _Natural Colour_.

III. AGAIN sometimes the INFANT is born with a KNOB or TUMOUR on the _Crown of its Head_, occasion’d by its hard _Pressure_ against the ORIFICE, or by its strict _Compression_ in the same: In which _Condition_, I would immediately foment it with _warm Wine_ or _Aqua-Vitæ_, and apply a COMPRESS to it, either wet in the _same_, or in the _Oil of Roses_ and _Wine_ beat together; and the same _Fomentation_ and _Compress_ may serve for any other Part of the Body, which may be swell’d by _rough Usage_, or otherways, in a _difficult_ BIRTH. But in _Case_ of _Suppuration_, it must be open’d in a proper place with a LANCET, applying afterwards a _Plaister_ of _Betony_. As also in _Case_ of a _Fracture_, or any sort of _Dislocation_, the _Parts_ must be join’d and reunited, and duly retain’d in their _Natural Position_ by convenient _Boulsters_ or _Splinters_, until they be firmly closed and reconjoin’d. Moreover

IV. IN _Difficult_ BIRTHS, it very commonly falls out that the HEAD is pressed into an _oblong Form_ by the _Bones_ of the _Pelvis_, because the SCULL not being made of one piece, is not equally _hard_ or _firm_; the _Sutures_ being only surrounded with _Membranes_, especially the _Top_ of the HEAD is so _Membranous_ and soft, that the _Bones_ forming the SCULL may be easily pressed one upon another; from whence we have this _oblong Figure_ of the HEAD. However, in short, this may be corrected and reduced to its _Natural Shape_, by frequent, but cautious and skilful, _Handling_.

V. WEAK CHILDREN, and such as come _præmaturely_, or before their Time, into the World, have the _Mould_ and _Sutures_ very open, and the _Bones_ far distant: In which Condition they are only to be softly bound about with a small _Cross-Cloth_, committing the rest to _Nature_; which in time, and by degrees, will close up and consolidate these _Sutures_; and sooner or later, according to the _innate Heat_ and _Moisture_ of the INFANT, unite and join the _Bones_ of the HEAD.

VI. SOMETIMES also it happens that the Child is _Tongue-ty’d_, by the too strait _Astriction_ of its BRIDLE; so that this _Member_ cannot freely extend or move itself, thro’ the _Capacity_ of the MOUTH; which in the _Infancy_ impedes or hinders its _Sucking_, as in riper Years it does the _Faculty_ of SPEAKING: In this _Case_, the TONGUE, being supported or held up, on each side of the String, by a small forked _Instrument_, ought to be _cut a-cross_ by sharp SCISSORS as much as is needful; which however must be done with Caution, not to hurt the _Veins_ under the TONGUE.