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Transcriber’s Notes:—

The ToC (Table of Contents) has been changed so as to follow the structure of the book more faithfully.

The original ToC is given here:—

CONTENTS.
PAGE
CHAPTER
I. INTRODUCTION. 1
II. CONTINUOUS FILTERS AND THEIR CONSTRUCTION 5
Sedimentation-basins 8
Size of Filter-beds 10
Covers for Filters 12
III. FILTERING-MATERIALS 20
Sand 20
Gravel 35
Underdrains 39
Depth of Water on Filters 45
IV. RATE OF FILTRATION AND LOSS OF HEAD 47
Rate of Filtration 47
Loss of Head and Apparatus for
regulating it 52
Limit to the Loss of Head 60
V. CLEANING FILTERS 68
Scraping 68
Frequency of Scraping 72
Sand-washing 76
VI. THEORY AND EFFICIENCY OF FILTRATION 83
Bacterial Examination of Waters 93
VII. INTERMITTENT FILTRATION 97
The Lawrence Filter 100
The Chemnitz Filter 107
VIII. TURBIDITY AND COLOR, AND THE EFFECT OF MUD
UPON SAND FILTERS 113
Color 114
Turbidity 117
Preliminary Processes to remove Mud 133
Effect of Mud upon Sand Filters 137
IX. COAGULATION OF WATERS 144
Substances used for Coagulation 145
Amount of Coagulant required to remove
Turbidity 150
Amount of Coagulant required to remove
Color 153
Successive Applications of Coagulant 154
Amount of Coagulant which Waters will
receive 155
X. MECHANICAL FILTERS 159
Influence of Amount of Coagulant on
Bacterial Efficiency 165
Types of Mechanical Filters 172
XI. OTHER METHODS OF FILTRATION 181
XII. REMOVAL OF IRON FROM GROUND-WATERS 186
Cause of Iron in Ground-waters 187
Treatment of Iron-containing Waters 189
Iron-removal Plants in Operation 192
XIII. TREATMENT OF WATERS 197
Cost of Filtration 200
XIV. WATER-SUPPLY AND DISEASE 210
APPENDIX I. GERMAN OFFICIAL REGULATION IN
REGARD TO FILTRATION 221
II. EXTRACTS FROM DR. REINCKE’S
REPORT UPON THE HEALTH OF
HAMBURG FOR 1892 226
III. METHODS OF SAND-ANALYSIS 233
IV. STATISTICS OF SOME FILTERS 241
Results of Operation 241
List of Sand Filters in Use 244
List of Mechanical Filters in
Use 247
Notes regarding Sand Filters
in America 251
Extent of the Use of Filters 254
V. WATER-SUPPLY OF LONDON 255
VI. WATER-SUPPLY OF BERLIN 261
VII. WATER-SUPPLY OF ALTONA 265
VIII. WATER-SUPPLY OF HAMBURG 269
IX. NOTES ON SOME OTHER EUROPEAN
SUPPLIES 272
X. LITERATURE OF FILTRATION 277
XI. THE ALBANY FILTRATION PLANT 288
INDEX 317

In the table of “ANALYSES OF SANDS USED IN WATER FILTRATION” the place name “Owesty” has been corrested to read “Oswestry”.

On page 270 the statement “the velocity in the drain will reach 0.97 foot” should probably read “0.97 feet per second”.