Chapter VII: Part 7

_Achillea_ H. H. P.
_Allium_ H. P.
_Armeria_ H. H. P.
_Asphodel_ H. H. P.
_Bellis_ H. P. E.
_Callirhoe_ H. P.
_Campanula_ H. P. E.
_Carnation_ T. P.
_Centranthus_ H. P.
_Clerodendron_ H. P.
_Cobæa_ V. A.
_Cosmos_ A.
_Delphinium_ H. P.
_Dianthus_ H. H. P.
_Digitalis_ H. P. E.
_Dolichos_ V. A.
_Eupatorium_ H. P.
_Euphorbia_ A.
_Funkia_ H. H. P.
_Helianthus_ H. P.
_Hibiscus_ H. H. P.
_Hollyhock_ H. S.
_Hydrangea, late in August_ H. P. S.
_Hypericum Moserianum_ H. S.
_Liatris_ H. P.
_Lilium Album_ H. H. P.
_Lilium Auratum_ H. H. P.
_Lilium Melpomene_ H. H. P.
_Lilium Roseum_ H. H. P.
_Lilium Rubrum_ H. H. P.
_Lobelia Cardinalis_ H. H. P. E.
_Lychnis_ H. H. P.
_Monarda_ H. P.
_Œnothera_ H. P.
_Pentstemon_ H. P.
_Phlox, Perennial_ H. H. P.
_Platycodon_ H. H. P.
_Rudbeckia_ H. H. P.
_Salvia_ Tender P.
_Sedum_ H. P.
_Silphium_ H. P.
_Statice_ H. P.
_Vinca_ Tender P.

September

_Althea_ H. P. T.
_Anchusa_ H. P.
_Anemone—Queen Charlotte_ H. H. P.
_Anemone—Whirlwind_ H. H. P.
_Asters, in var_ A. & H. H. P.
_Boltonia_ H. P.
_Clematis Paniculata_ H. P. V.
_Erianthus_ H. P.
_Eulalia_ H. P.
_Eupatorium_ A. H. P.
_Euphorbia_ A.
_Gladiolus_ Bulbs
_Golden Rod_ H. H. P.
_Hibiscus_ H. P. & T. P.
_Hydrangea_ H. P.
_Ipomœa_ A.
_Lobelia Cardinalis_ H. H. P. E.
_Pampas Grass Half_ H. P.
_Rudbeckia_ H. P.
_Salvia_ T. P.
_Statice_ H. P.
_Tritoma_ Tender P.
_Vinca_ Tender P.

All Summer

_Ageratum_ A.
_Antirrhinum_ T. P.
_Armeria_ A.
_Balsam_ A.
_Bartonia_ P.
_Begonia, Tuberous_ T. P.
_Begonia, Vernon_ T. P.
_Brachycome_ P.
_Browallia_ T. A.
_Canary Bird Vine_ A.
_Candytuft_ A.
_Canna_ Tender P. Rhizomes
_Celosia_ A.
_Centrosema_ H. P.
_Clarkia_ A.
_Cleome Pungens_ A.
_Cobæa Scandens_ A.
_Collinsia_ A.
_Cosmos_ A.
_Crotolaria_ A.
_Cypress Vine_ A.
_Delphinium_ H. P.
_Gloxinia_ T. P.
_Hyacinthus Candicans_ H. P.
_Ipomœa_ A.
_Maurandya_ P.
_Nasturtium_ A.
_Pansy_ P.
_Petunia_ A.
_Portulaca_ A.
_Rose_ Hardy or Half Hardy S.
_Sweet Pea_ A.
_Sweet Scabiosa_ A.
_Sweet Sultan_ H. P.
_Thunbergia_ T. P.
_Verbena_ T. P.
_Veronica_ H. P.
_Vinca_ T. P.
_Vincetoxicum_ H. P.

Chapter _TWENTY-THREE_
A Chapter of Odds and Ends

Tools: There is always a tendency among beginners to overload with the paraphernalia of their calling, whatever it may be. When the first enthusiasm passes, and one becomes a careful and successful worker, all that is superfluous is gradually dropped, and one realises that it is brains and not tools that make the successful gardener. A hotbed, a cold-frame or two, a work-table in some convenient place, a trowel, wheel-barrow, spade, pitchfork, rake, hoe, a few yards of stout cord, a hatchet to sharpen stakes, a watering-pot, rubber sprinkler, rubber gloves, a good supply of pots and wire-netting, and a couple of good mole-traps cover the real necessaries. Incidentals, such as wire-sieves, lath-screens, trellises, and the like, may be made as they are required.

One should not have more tools than can be kept in good working order.

An excellent place for Begonias, Gloxinias, and other shade-loving plants is made by fitting a wide shelf under a north or east window on the outside, with a raised edge three or four inches high, made by tacking strips of wood across the front and ends. Inclose with window-netting, first nailing strips of wood from the outer corners of the shelf to the upper corners of the window-casing to support the netting. When the shelf is filled with wet sand, and the plants plunged in it, one has a miniature greenhouse accessible from the room, and safe from trespass of chickens, cats, or careless feet. The shelf may extend considerably beyond the window-casing if desired, and be made attractive from the outside by climbing vines. The Maurandya is fine here, as it will push its tips through the netting, and be very ornamental; the Asparagus tenuissimus and A. plumosus nanus are also good. A couple of plant-brackets fastened to the outside casing will afford room for drooping plants, and add to the attractiveness of the shelf. Primroses will bloom here all summer, and Ferns, Gloxinias, and fancy-leaved Caladiums find a congenial home.

Insecticides

A good supply of insecticides should be kept in store, or at least the formulas and materials for preparing them. Plant enemies have increased to such an alarming extent in the past few years that comparatively few flowers are free from them, and some kinds, as the Rose, Dahlia, Aster, Clematis, and Cosmos, are becoming more and more difficult to raise. The Rose, especially, is in need of constant care and watchfulness from the swelling of the leaf-bud until the end of the growing season. One of its most dreaded fungous diseases is known as “black spot,” which must be given thorough treatment in the beginning, before the leaves start in the spring on plants that have been previously affected. Syringe with Bordeaux mixture and repeat once or twice a week during the growing season.

Cosmos Borer is very destructive to the Cosmos, Dahlia, Asters, and Clematis; the preventive is a teaspoonful of Paris green to three gallons of water, poured around the base of the plant, using sufficient to wet the ground three or four inches deep. Begin when the plant is a foot high, and continue until fully grown.

The Black Beetle is an unpleasant pest that has become very destructive to the Asters, eating the flowers, and soon destroying an entire bed if not promptly checked. It resembles the common blister beetle, but is smaller and jet black in colour; it is easily killed by knocking off into a pan of water containing a little kerosene. In the early morning it is very sluggish, and may be picked off and killed, or the plants may be showered with the Paris-green solution, but the appearance of the first bug must be the signal for active operations.

Plant Louse or Green Fly: This little insect commonly infests house-plants; it is called a fly because in one stage of its existence it has wings. The remedies are tobacco in some form, or sulpho-tobacco soap syringed on the foliage, or the hot-water bath.

Black or Chrysanthemum Lice require practically the same treatment. Tobacco-dust on the leaves will usually prevent their appearance, and should be applied early in the summer and after every rain.

The Mealy Bug is a little whitish mass, like cotton in appearance, often found on house-plants and on the Spiræas. Syringe with whale-oil soap solution; or, if the plant is small, work over it, touching each bug with a brush dipped in alcohol; or use the hot-water bath.

Red Spider can only be kept at bay by fresh air and the plentiful use of water; spray or syringe daily. Use the hot-water bath if the spiders have gotten a foothold.

Rose Hopper, or Thrips—small yellowish insects on the under side of Rose leaves, from which they suck the juice, causing them to turn brown; whale-oil soap syringed on the under side of the leaves is the best remedy.

Rose Slugs are small green caterpillars that feed on the Rose leaves and buds, lying on the under side of the leaves, or drawing two leaves together with a slight web. Work over the plants, pinching the leaves between thumb and finger, or syringe with whale-oil solution, or dust with powdered hellebore when wet.

Rose Bug—a small, dark bug striped with light yellow, which is very destructive to the Roses, eating the flowers. Plants may be syringed, or showered with the Paris-green solution at night or early in the morning, but must be attended to promptly, as the bugs are very destructive, stripping a bed of its flowers in a surprisingly short time. Roses treated with Paris green should always be plainly and conspicuously labelled to that effect.

Earth-worms and the like may be easily destroyed by thoroughly soaking the soil in the pots with lime-water, which is best done by plunging a pot to the brim (not over) in the solution, and removing the worms as they come to the surface. It may be necessary to repeat this once or twice.

FORMULAS

The following formulas are from the New York Agricultural Station and are reliable:

_Normal, or 1.6 per cent. Bordeaux
Mixture_

Copper Sulphate (blue vitriol) 6 pounds
Quicklime (good stone lime) 4 pounds
Water 50 gallons

Dissolve the copper sulphate by putting it in a bag of coarse cloth, and hanging it in a wooden or earthen vessel containing five or six gallons of water. After the copper sulphate has dissolved, dilute with water to twenty-five gallons; slake the lime, and add twenty-five gallons of water; mix the two, and keep thoroughly stirred while using. If the mixture is to be used on Carnations, or the like, it will adhere better if a pound of hard soap be dissolved in hot water and added.

_Kerosene Emulsion_

Hard Soap ½ pound
Boiling Water 1 gallon
Kerosene 2 gallons

Dissolve the soap in the water; add the kerosene, and churn with a spray or force-pump until they unite and have the appearance and consistency of buttermilk. Dilute with water to twenty-five or thirty gallons before applying.

_Paris-green Solution_

Paris green 1 pound
Water 50 gallons

Keep constantly stirred when using.

_Hot-water Bath_

The hot-water bath will, in nearly every case, take the place of insecticides and give better results, as it thoroughly cleanses the foliage and leaves no bad effects, if not too hot. Heat to 140° if for spraying, and use before it cools; 136° if the plants are to be dipped.

Next in convenience to a pair of rubber gloves for the garden are the duck mittens sold for household purposes. All sorts of garden work may be done in these, even the transplanting of quite small plants. They have also the advantage of being very cheap, or they may be manufactured at home. Always have an extra pair on hand. Gardening without gloves is ruinous to the hands and a needless discomfort.

For watering the window-garden, a small pot with a long spout that will go between the plants will be a great convenience, as by its use the farthest plants may be watered without disturbing the others. This means a saving of time on busy mornings, and insures against neglect.

The life of the gardener who raises chickens is full of perplexities. Certainly nothing is more vexing and discouraging than to have one’s plants repeatedly scratched out of the ground by chickens. With netting so cheap there is no good reason why chickens, or other farm stock, should have the range of the yard.

Nothing is more filthy or conducive to disease than the presence of fowls in the door-yard. There are few house-yards that cannot be isolated from the rest of the premises by a judicious use of wire-netting, and where the conditions call for it this should be the first thing done. It will not be at all satisfactory to surround the beds with netting, which is inconvenient and unsightly. The whole yard, or at least the entire garden, should be inclosed, using netting high enough to turn any fowl, say at least five feet; even Plymouth Rocks will take a four-foot fence. For Brown Leghorns six feet is a safer height than five feet. There should be no place on the top of the fence on which the birds can alight. At the bottom a board will make all secure, and prevent the chickens digging under; and it will be better if set a little below the surface of the ground, which should be made hard and firm around it.

Fences may be made attractive with vines or plants. Sweet-peas, Nasturtiums, Morning-glories, Cobæa scandens, Wild Cucumbers, the Scarlet-fruited Gourd, Roses, Clematis or Honeysuckles make a good background for the lawn and beds of bright flowers.

Chapter _TWENTY-FOUR_
A Chapter of Don’ts

Don’t forget to air the hotbeds on warm, sunny days, and to protect them on cold ones.

Don’t forget that plants need room to develop, and set them far enough apart to make this possible.

Don’t forget to water the window-boxes every day, and to keep the sand in the sand-box wet all the time.

Don’t forget to go over the Pansies and Sweet-peas every day, and remove all withered flowers. Don’t let them suffer for want of water at any period of their bloom.

Don’t try to raise more plants than you have room for, or strength and time to cultivate. A few plants well cared for are better than a neglected garden—a most discouraging sight. The gardener will find enough real difficulty without inviting disaster.

Don’t try to follow all the advice that is offered you; make up your mind what you want to do and go steadily ahead. If you fail you will know how, and why, which is in itself a distinct gain. It is a good rule never to take the advice of an unsuccessful person, no matter how reasonable it sounds. Distrust garrulous advice; the gardener with real knowledge is not inclined to force advice upon others.

Don’t be cast down by adverse criticism unless your judgment tells you it is deserved. The person who “knows it all” is never so much at home as in some one else’s flower-garden, where the principal labour may be done with the tongue.

Don’t be wheedled into spoiling your plants by saving seed for one who is perfectly able to buy; instead, give the address of the dealer from whom you purchased, and suggest that he will be glad to fill orders. Don’t rob your plant of cuttings that are necessary to its symmetry; this, too, is a case for the florist. There are people who seem to feel it an injustice for any one to possess a plant with more than one branch so long as they are not supplied with that particular variety.

Don’t, when you have purchased a dozen Violets or Primulas, meaning to divide them after awhile to make the border you did not feel like purchasing outright, be imposed upon to the extent of giving half of them away to some one who has been waiting for this very opportunity. The experienced gardener learns to steer such people away from plants she does not wish to part with, or have mutilated, but the amateur is looked upon as legitimate prey. I have frequently known people to break a branch from plants they were handling, with the expectation of being told to keep it. The remedy for this sort of thing is to immediately place it in the ground with some remark about having a place for it.

Don’t supply with cut flowers, plants, and the like, people who spend more money for unnecessary luxuries than you do for your whole garden, and then tell you how foolish you are to spend so much time and money, and work so hard for your flowers. Don’t be too deeply impressed with the sudden friendship at gardening time of the woman who has managed to get along without your society all winter. Don’t be imposed upon by the chronic plant-beggar, but suggest to her that you will be glad to lend your catalogues; that in them she will find, at reasonable prices, all the things you have in your garden; and that the florist will doubtless be glad of her patronage.

Don’t, on the other hand, be lacking in generosity of the right sort. Flowers may be given to rich and poor alike, and carry no hint of obligation, or unfitness. To the tired worker who has neither time nor space to cultivate them, a handful of flowers, or a potted plant, which can be spared from your abundance, will make a bit of sunshine well worth the trouble. For many who cannot spare the trifling amount a single plant or packet of seed would cost, the surplus plants from flats or hotbeds will be a great pleasure, and one should not wait for requests. Those who really cannot afford these things are rarely guilty of the petty meanness of the professional plant-beggars. It is a good plan to jot down, from time to time as they occur, the names of those you would like to benefit in this way, and then, when you have surplus plants, send word of that fact, and of the time when it will be convenient to take them up. This will be better than sending the plants, which might arrive when it would be inconvenient or impossible to attend to them.

There are so many ways of giving pleasure with flowers that one need never be embarrassed with a surplus: the sick; the young girl who will enjoy them for her party; the young matron, for her pretty luncheon; the church service, the humble funeral, where the choicest and best should go. A beautiful tact may be shown by a choice in harmony with the taste of the recipient and the occasion for which they are intended. Do not send all white flowers, or flowers with a heavy perfume, to the sick-room. Bright flowers are better. Notice the cheer in a pot of golden Daffodils or a bunch of Hepaticas. A charming thing is a handful of Japanese Morning-glory buds picked and sent the night before, that the invalid may watch their unfolding in the morning. I have known these to give the greatest pleasure.

Don’t be too greatly cast down by failures; they have their uses. One failure, if it sets you to studying out the cause and remedy, is worth a dozen haphazard successes. We grow plants with even success for some time, then, without any recognised change in the treatment, we meet with failure. We look for the reason, and our education is begun. When we have found the cause of failure, we have made a long step forward.

Don’t fail to take some good floral magazines, they are helpful in many ways, and keep you in touch with what other workers are doing.

Don’t try to work in unsuitable clothing. Easy, broad, solid shoes—not any old run-down pair—should be considered as essential as a spade, or rake, and skirts that clear the instep, and hang comfortably. Waists with easy arm-holes and collar will enable one to work with a degree of comfort that means the accomplishment of an amount of work in a morning quite impossible were one less comfortably clad. Skirts of blue denim, made Princess style, and ankle length, with comfortable shirt-waists—denim for cool days, calico for warm—make a thoroughly comfortable outfit.

THE END

Alphabetical Index

A

=Abobra viridiflora=, fancy gourd, 96.

=Abutilons=, 63, 64, 92.
Diversity of form and colour of New California, 64.
Time for flowering, 63.

=Achimenes=, 60.
Cuttings of, how to root, 60.

=Aconite=, Winter, 191.

=Adverse criticism=, hints about, 254.

=Advice=, hints about, 253.

=Adlumia= (Mountain Fringe, Climbing Fumitory, Allegheny Vine), 46, 92,
129.
Appropriate for use at funerals, 129.
Delightful grown on north side of house, 129.
Gathering seed from, 46.
Sowing seeds and planting, 129.

=Ageratum=, Cope’s Favourite, 119.
Tom Thumb, 16.

=Ageratums=, 16, 34, 35, 46, 81, 88, 91, 92, 94, 96, 101, 119, 121.
Dwarf variety admirably adapted for carpet bedding, 119.
How to sow, 35.
Indispensable for edgings, window-boxes and vases, 101.
Little Dorrit and Swanley Blue, 102.
Princess Caroline, 102.
Season for sowing, 102.
Should be clipped frequently, 47.
Tom Thumb, useful for edgings, 101.

=Air-tight covers=, should never be used to protect plants, 205.

=Alba plena Narcissi=, 191.

=Alba superbissima Hyacinth=, 192.

=Allegheny Vine=, 129.

=Allemannia Cannas=, 15.

=Alliums=, care and treatment of, 194.

=Altheas=, 201, 202, 206.

=Alyssum=. See Sweet Alyssum.

=Amaryllis=, 75, 155, 162–165.
Evergreen, 162.
General treatment of, same as for Crinums, 162.
Johnsonii, 163.

=American Beauty Rose=, 178.

=Ammonia=, a stimulant for flowers, 25.

=Ampelopsis=, 128, 207.

=Anchusa capensis=, 119.

=Anemones=, 192, 193.
Treatment and raising of, 193.

=Annuals=, various, from seed, 98–111.
Hardy and tender, time for planting, 53.
Should not be grown in window-boxes, 96.

=Annunciation Lily=, 205.

=Anthony Waterer=, crimson Spiræa, 197.

=Antirrhinums= (Snapdragons), 46, 91, 93, 96, 98, 99.
Firefly, 98.
Giant Crimson, Giant Yellow, Giant White and Niobe, 98.
How to protect in winter, 99.
Queen of the North, 98.
Seed of, 46.
Soil suitable for, 99.
Transplanting, 98.
Useful for cut flowers, window-boxes and vases, 98.
When to start seed, 98.

=Ants=, nests of, in the Lily bulb, remedy for, 181.

=Aphides=, or green plant-lice, prevention and remedy for, 70.

=April=, shrubs and plants that bloom in, 234.

=Aquatic Plants=, 165–172.

=Aquilegia=. See Columbine.

=Arrangement of flower-beds=, 10.

=Arundo Donax=, ornamental grass, 5, 16.

=Ashes=, a good fertiliser to sweeten the soil, 25.
Should not be mixed with manure, 25.

=Asparagus=, 49, 64, 88, 94, 246.
All kinds benefited by frequent repotting, 64, 65.
Benefited by use of good fertiliser, 215.
How to raise and manage, 65.

=Asparagus plumosus nanus=, 246.
Proper time for planting, 64.

=Asparagus Sprengeri=, how to sow, 49, 50.
Successfully grown in baskets or pots, 65.
Unmanageable without fertiliser, 216.

=Asparagus tenuissimus=, 246.

=Asters=, 10, 25, 34, 43, 53, 99.
A necessity of the fall garden, 99.
Aim of the specialist, 99.
Arranging for vases, 100.
Bees do not care for, 43.
Black beetle an unpleasant pest to, 247.
Bride, 99.
Chrysanthemum flowered, 99, 100.
Cosmos borer destructive to, 247.
Early planting recommended, 100.
Frequent watering necessary, 101.
Giant White Comet, 99.
Japanese Tassel, 97.
Kerosene for killing insects on, 100.
Ostrich Feather, 99.
Paris-green in the watering-pot for killing beetles, 100.
Peony, 99.
Perfection, 99.
Proper place for planting, 10.
Transplanting, 101.
Use of seed of, 43.
When to plant seed, 100.

=Aster-beds=, ashes for fertilising, 25.

=Atmospheric moisture=, maintaining a fair degree of, 209.

=August=, shrubs and plants that bloom in, 240–242.

=Auratum Lily=, growth of the, on wooded hillsides, 184.

=Aurea Bambusa=, 171.

=Aurora Pansy=, 116.

B

=Bacon rind=, for keeping moles from Iris roots, 200.

=Balsams=, 47, 102, 103.
Benefited by transplanting, 102.
Camellia-flowered varieties best, 102.
Double white and shell pink, valuable for decorative work, 103.
Plenty of room required for branching, 102.
Starting the seed, 102.
Transplanting, 102.

=Bamboo=, 171.
Requires abundant water-supply, 171.
Varieties of, 171.

=Bambusa Arundinacea=, 171.
Aurea, 171.
Metake, 171.

=Banana plants=, 145.
Caring for, in winter, 145.
Grow more ornamental indoors, 145.
Planted in tubs or open ground, 145.
Plants should be grown by themselves, 145.
Showy and attractive, 145.
Soil and water for, 145.
Southeast angle of building an ideal location for, 145.
Storing in cellar during winter, 146.

=Baroness Van Thuyl Hyacinth=, 192.

=Baskets, hanging.= See Hanging-Baskets.

=Beetles, black.= See Black beetles.

=Begonia cuttings=, how to root, 60.

=Begonia=, Dwarf Bijou, 66.
Erfordii, 66.
Rex, how to plant and raise, 66.
Vernon, 66.
Vulcan, when to plant, 66.

=Begonias=, 39, 48, 58, 60, 66, 67, 88, 92–94, 97, 117, 150, 245.
An excellent place for, 245, 246.
Injured by use of fertilisers, 216.
Setting out, and storing during winter, 67, 68.
The best varieties of, 66.
The finest flower for bedding or pot culture, 67.

=Begonias, tuberous=—
Bedding out, 150.
Instructions for planting, bedding and setting out, 67.
Proper temperature for growing, 150.
Shading from the heat, 151.
Starting and potting, 150.

=Bermuda Oxalis=, should be grown in hanging-baskets, 195.

=Bignonia Radicans= (Trumpet Vine)—
Best method of supporting it, 140.
Blooms nearly all summer, 139.
Desirable as a climber, 140.
Grown as a lawn shrub, 140.
Hedges of, should be kept pruned for symmetrical growth, 139.
Most desirable for hedges, 139.
Not appreciated sufficiently, 139.

=Black Beauty Cannas=, 15.

=Black beetles=, a pest to Asters, 247.
How to destroy, 100.

=Black lice=, remedy for, 248.

“=Black spot=,” fungous disease of the Rose, 247.

=Black-eyed Susan=, 136.

=Blood=, from slaughter-houses, a good fertiliser, 28.

=Blooming season of various trees=, shrubs, and plants, 234–244.

=Boards for siding in making flower-beds=, 8.

=Bone-meal=, a substitute for, 27.
As a fertiliser, 28.

=Bonfire Salvia=, 121.

=Bordeaux mixture=, for fungoid disease in Pansies, 115.
As an insecticide, 244.
Formula for, 249.

=Borders=, exquisite flowers for, 197, 198.

=Borers=, destroying chrysalis of, 203.

=Bougainvillea=, 209.

=Bouquet=, an ideal, 103.

=Bracket plants=, Thunbergias valuable for, in winter, 136.

=Brackets=, use of, increases capacity of window, 208, 209.

=Bride Aster=, 99.

=Bride Rose=, 178.

=Bruant Geranium=, for south and west window-boxes, 91.

=Bryonopsis=, 96, 132.

=Bulbous and tuberous-rooted plants=, 147.

=Bulbs=, for the amateur, 192.
For winter blooming, 192.
Hardy in Middle States, may not be so in Northern States, 191, 192.
Hints on potting outdoors, 194.
Late fall or winter planting of, preferable to spring planting, 188.
Of hardy plants, caring and preserving, 195.

=Burbank Cannas=, 15.

=Burpee’s Defiance Petunia=, 84.

=Buying seeds=, 41–47.

C

=Cabbage-worm=, how to destroy, 204.

=Caladium esculentum= (Elephant’s Ears), 149.
An ideal plant for the amateur, 149.
Native of Sandwich Islands, 149.
Root of, edible, 149.
Roots should be started in pots, 149.
Winter easily and multiply rapidly, 150.

=Caladiums=, 5, 15, 18, 22, 88, 89, 93, 149, 150, 151, 185, 186, 246.
Beds of, 5.
Proper soil for, 18.

=Caladiums, fancy-leaved=—
Caring for, in fall and winter, 151.
Desirable for window-boxes and for porches, 151.
Develop their colours best in the shade, 151.
Flourish in a warm atmosphere, 151.
Gorgeousness of colour and delicacy of growth, 151.

=Calceolaria=, 63, 68, 74.
Handling and raising, instructions for, 68.
Infinite variety of, 68.
One of the most easily cultivated house-plants, 68.
Varieties and easy cultivation of, 68.

=California Sunflower=, 197.

=Callus=, formation of, in cuttings, 61.

=Camphor Geraniums=, 91.

=Candidums=, 182.

=Candytuft=, 46.

=Cannas=, 4, 5, 14, 15, 18, 22, 29, 110, 121, 141, 142, 145, 147, 148,
150, 185, 187.
Allemannia, 15.
Beds of, should be lower than the lawn, 142.
Best way of handling roots, 147.
Black Beauty, 15.
Burbank, 15.
Care of, 185–187.
Chicago, 15.
Florence Vaughan, 15.
French and orchid-flowered varieties should be started in the house,
147.
Frozen portions should be removed, 185.
Grow from seeds as easily, cheaply, and as soon as from bulbs, 141.
Hints for planting and potting, 142.
Italia, 15.
Most convenient place for starting bulbs, 148.
Orchid-flowered Cannas difficult to winter, 186.
Papa, 15.
Planting in baskets, 147.
Proper soil for, 18.
Queen Charlotte, 15.
Roots to be saved should be dried in the sun, 186.
Seeds should be filed before planting, 141.
Should be wintered in a dry cellar, 186.
Storing of tubers, 186.
Suitable soil for, 142.
Time for sowing seed, 142.
Time for starting, 147.

=Canterbury-bells=, cold-frames useful to protect, 37.

=Carnation-frames=, 72.

=Carnation support=, an easily made, 72.

=Carnations=, 39, 40, 61, 70–72, 76, 205, 250.
Giant of California, 70.
Growing winter plants, 72.
How to perpetuate any variety, 71.
Keeping for winter blooming and for second year, 71.
Keeping free from insects, 72, 73.
Layerings valuable for, 61.
Marguerite, 70.
Methods employed by florists to produce long-stemmed varieties, 71.
Most easily grown of all house-plants, 70.
Planting and varieties of, 70.

=Castor-oil Bean=, 144. See Ricinus.

=Centrosema= (Butterfly Pea), 130.
Beautiful plant when in bloom, 131.
Charming vine for north or east window, 94.
Hard to propagate from seed, 130.
Slender growth but hardy, 132.
Transplanting and watering, 131.
Treatment of seeds before sowing, 130, 131.

=Chalcedonica Lychnis=, hardy white flower, 198.

=Chameleon Nasturtium=, 111.

=Charcoal for preserving Asters=, 100.

=Chicago Cannas=, 15.

=Chicken fences=, how to make, 251, 252.

=Chicken netting=, for use in the hotbed, 37.

=Chickens should not be allowed in the garden=, 251.

=Chionodoxa=, 191.

=Christ and the Apostles=. See Crinum Scabrum.

=Chrysanthemum Flowered Aster=, 99.

=Chrysanthemum lice=, remedy for, 248.

=Chrysanthemums=, 126.
Keeping free from insects, 127.
Planting out and cultivating, 126.
Potting and boxing, 127.
Treatment of branches, 126.

=Cigar-boxes=, convenient for raising fine seeds in, 48.

=Cinder walks=, construction of, 9.

=Cinerarias=, 48, 58, 62, 63, 69, 143, 208.
Care in raising in summer and winter, 69.
Colours and varieties of, 69.
Treatment of, for preserving through winter, 69, 70.

=Clara Bedman Salvia=, 121.

=Clematis= (Virgin’s Bower), 65, 137–139, 203, 252.
Caring for and protecting in winter, 138.
Cosmos borer destructive to, 247.
Flammula, 138, 198.
Jackmanni, 138.
Leaves protect roots in winter, 207.
Mrs. Edward Andre, 138.
Most expensive vines to buy, 137.
Paniculata, 138.
Planting and raising, 137.
Potting, 137.
Raising from seed cheapest way of obtaining them, 137.
Ramona, 138.
Trimming plants, 139.

=Clothing=, suitable, necessary for comfort for working in the garden,
257.

=Clover-root=, 65.

=Coal-ash walks=, construction of, 9.

=Cobæa San Salvador=, 130.
Admirable for covering old trees, 130.
Cling to stone and brick, 130.
Foliage of, 130.
Manner of growth, 130.
Starting seed, 130.

=Cobæa scandens= (Cup-and-Saucer Vine), 129.
Desirable summer vine, 129.
Height and bloom of, 129.
Position of, in the hotbed, 35.

=Coccinea Hibiscus=, 108.

=Coccinea Indica=, foliaged fancy gourd, 96.

=Coix lachryma=, 16.

=Cold-frame=, the, 37, 38.
Drainage of, in winter, 38.
For growing Gloxinias and rooting cuttings, 37.
For sowing Pansy-seed, 37.
How made, 37.
Protection of, at night, 38.
Useful to protect beds of tender perennials, 37.

=Coleus=, 4, 5, 15, 46, 58, 59, 89, 92, 142, 143, 151.
Cuttings, treatment of, 59.
Indispensable in ornamental bedding, 142.
Must not bloom, 46.
Period of germination, 143.
Pinching and watering, 143.
Raised from seed, 142.
Sensitive to cold, 143.
Suitable soil for, 143.

=Colours=, harmony of, in flowerbeds, 11.

=Columbine=, 104, 105.
Time for sowing seed, 104.
Transplanting, 104.

=Common names of flowers=, 217–233.

=Compost=, composition of fine and rough, 51.

=Compost heap=, use for, 203.

=Cope’s Favourite Ageratum=, 119.

=Corn Fodder=, winter protection for flowers, 206.

=Cosmos=, 44, 103, 203.
Cut flowers of, popularity of, 103.
Early flowering varieties only should be grown in the North, 103.
Excellent way of growing them, 104.
Fresh seed necessary every other year, 104.
How to advance their bloom, 103.
Make ideal bouquets, 103.
Popularity of, 103.
Position of, in the hotbed, 35.

=Cosmos borer=, preventive of, 247.

=Cow manure=, best for the majority of plants, 23.

=Crinums=, 155–162.
Americana, 161.
Blooming, time required for, 157.
Capense, 160.
Easily grown, 155.
Erubescens, 160.
Expensive luxuries, 159.
Fimbriatum, 161.
Grandolia or Augustum, 161.
Kirkii, 159.
Kunthianum, 159, 162.
Lack of knowledge as to habits of, by florists, 155.
Moorei, 160.
Must be protected from heavy rain, 159.
Ornatum, 159.
Pedunculatum, 161.
Potting of the dry bulbs, 156.
Root-growth of, 156.
Scabrum, 160.
Secret of culture of, 158.
Soil required for, 156.
Treatment of bulb before growth, 157.
Water, amount of, necessary, 158.
Wintering of, 159.

=Criticism=, adverse, hints about, 254.

=Crocus=, 189, 192, 193.
A pretty way to grow them, 190.
Seed formation of, 189.

=Crotons=, 39, 89, 92, 151.
Best position for, in the sandbox, 39.

=Crown Imperials=, 191.

=Cucumber=, Wild, 90–96, 132, 252.

=Cup-and-Saucer Vine=, 129.

=Cut flowers=, judgment should be used in giving away, 247.

=Cuttings=, of common house plants, directions for handling, 58.
How to save those liable to decay, 61.
Lists for selection of, 58.

=Cutworms=, destruction of, 203.

=Cyclamen=, 42, 74, 75.
Bush Hill Pioneer, cost of seed of, 42.
Protecting from moisture and repotting, 75.
Starting, raising, and setting out, 74.
Treatment of, in the spring, 75.

=Cyclamen Amaryllis=, must not be allowed to dry out entirely, 75.

=Cyperus=, or Umbrella-plant, 60, 73, 74, 168.
Growing from seed an economy, 73.
Growing in jardinières, 73.
How to sow the seeds, 73.
Raising from cuttings, 73.
Semi-aquatic qualities of, 73.
Two varieties of, 74.

=Cypripedium Acaule.= See Japanese Iris.

=Czar Peter=, blue Hyacinth, 192.

D

=Daffodils=, 256.

=Dahlias=, 27, 105, 148, 149, 186, 187, 204.
Best started in baskets of sand, 148.
Borer, how to destroy, 106.
Care and protection of, for exhibition purposes, 106.
Cosmos borer destructive to, 247.
Easily raised from seed, 105.
Easily wintered, 187.
For corsage wear, single varieties best, 106, 107.
Hints on grafting, 148, 149.
Planting the seed, 105.
Should be wintered in a dry cellar, 186.
Transplanting, and treatment after, 105.
Variety desirable for cut flowers and garden rows, 106.
Worms or beetles on, how to destroy, 106.

=Daisies=, 107.
Beds, suitable for borders of, 107.
Protection of, in winter, 107.
Rockwork, colours suitable for, 107.
Starting the seeds, 107.

=Day Lily=, 201.

=Deutzia Gracilis=, 198.

=Diagrams for planning a garden=, 11–14.

=Dog-tooth Violets=, 191.

=Dolichos=, where to place in the hotbed, 35.

=Don’ts=, a chapter of, 253–257.

=Drainage=, good, necessary for rendering soil light and sandy, 17.

=Duck mittens=, for garden work, 250.

=Dusty-miller=, border plants of, 8.

=Dwarf Bijou Begonia=, 66.

E

=Earth worms=, how to destroy, 249.

=Eastern exposure=, combination of flowers suitable for window-boxes,
92, 93.

=Edgings=, plants used for, 10.

=Egyptian Lotus=, interesting peculiarity of leaves of, 168.
Suitable for growing in small ponds, 168.

=Eight-foot flower-beds=, 16.

=Elephant’s Ears=, 149.

=Emperor and Empress Narcissus=, 191, 192.

=English names of flowers=, 217–233.

=Erfordii Begonia=, 66.

=Erianthus Ravennæ=, ornamental grass, 5, 16.

=Eschscholtzias=, as a border for Pansy-beds, 118.

=Eulalia univittata=, 5, 16.

=Evergreen Amaryllis=, 162.

F

=Farfugium=, 94.

=Feathers=, as fertiliser for shrubs and hardy perennials, 28.

=Fences=, how to make attractive, 252.

=Ferns=, 23, 88, 94, 246.

=Fertiliser for house-plants=, 215.

=Fertilisers=, 23–29.
Injurious to Begonias, 217.
Necessary for Asparagus Sprengeri, 216.
Next in importance to a good soil, 23.

=Filipendula=, herbaceous Spiræa, 197.

=Firefly Antirrhinum=, for bedding, 98.

=Flame Lily=, 183.

=Flats, or boxes=, treatment of young plants in, 50.

=Floral magazines=, helpful in many ways to the amateur gardener, 257.

=Florence Vaughan Canna=, 15.

=Florists’ sashes for hotbeds=, 32.

=Floss Flower.= See Ageratum.

=Flower-beds=, arranging and marking off, 6.
General effect of growing one kind of flower in, 10.
Instructions for laying out, 14.
Instructions for making solid beds of one flower, 53.
Water-supply for, 5.
Width of, 7.

=Flower-pots=, must not be filled to the brim with earth, 210.

=Flowering Maples=, 63.

=Flowers=, common and English names of, 217–233.
Many ways of giving pleasure with, 256.
Necessary for a twelve-foot foliage-bed, 14.
Occasionally appearing in two or more sections, 232, 233.
Selecting, for the sick-room, 256.

=Foliage-bed=, how to make a twelve-foot, 14.
Beds facing south warmer than others, 188.
Design of, 12, 13.
Ideal bed for early bulbs, 188.
Manuring and fertilising, 187.
Soil of, should have good natural drainage, 187.

=Foliage plants=, ornamental, from seed, 141–146.

=Formulas=, for Bordeaux Mixture, 249.
For house-plant fertiliser, 215.
For insecticides, 249.
For kerosene emulsion, 250.
For Paris-green solution, 250.

=Foxgloves=, in the cold-frame, 37.

=Freesia=, 40, 192, 194.
Hints on caring for and raising, 194.

=Freezing of soil in pots=, no harm to plants or bulbs, 214.

=French Lilacs=, 201.
Blooming season of, 201.
Planting of, 201.
Useful as backgrounds, 201.

=Fresh-air=, how it should be supplied, 213.
In the living room necessary to keep insects from plants, 215.

=Fritillarias=, 191.

=Frosted plants=, treatment for, 214.

=Frozen plants=, how to thaw out, 213.
How to treat, 213.

=Fuchsias=, 58, 88, 91, 93, 94.

=Fumitory=, Climbing, 129.

=Funkia= (Plantain Lily), or Day Lily, 201.
Impatient of disturbance, 201.
Needs protection in winter, 201.
Suitable soil for, 201.

G

=Garden, the location and arrangement of=, 3–16.
Beds, laying out the, 13, 14.
Best position for the garden, 3.
Fall clearing of the, 203.
Flower-beds, elevated, 5.
Flower-beds, selection of flowers for, 10.
Foliage beds for lawns, diagram of, 10, 12, 14, 15.
How to prepare the flower-garden, 8.
Lawns, arrangement of, 4.
Ornamental grasses, beds of, 16.
Ornamental plants for beds, 4.
Parti-coloured flower-beds, arrangement of, 11.
Rose-garden, design for, 12.
Scheme for permanent garden, 6.
Shrubbery, planning a, 12.
South slope, ideal situation for garden, 3.
Walks, arrangement and treatment of, 9.

=Garden Spiræa=, 197.

=Garden-walks=, marking off and measuring, 6.

=Gardener=, amateur, advice to the, 20.

=Geranium seeds=, irregularity of growth, 78.

=Geraniums=, 39, 58, 59, 62, 76–78, 89–92, 94, 192.
Bruant, 91.
Camphor, 91.
Choice varieties produced by seeds from hybridised flowers, 76.
Developing of, a fascinating study, 76.
Easy to raise, 76.
Flourish best in the sun, 211.
Hints on growing, 78.
In the sand-box, 39.
Ivy, 78.
Lady Washington, 76.
Most satisfactory for south or west window-boxes, 91.
Pelargonium, 77.
Should be grown close to glass, 77.
Souvenir de Charles Turner, 91.
When to sow seed, 76.
Zonale, 77.

=German Iris=, colour effects of, 198, 199.

=Germination of seeds=, time for, 228–232.

=Giant Cassier Pansy=, 116.
Cost of seed of, 41.

=Giant Crimson Antirrhinum=, for bedding, 98.

=Giant of California Carnation=, how to raise, pot out, and cultivate,
70.

=Giant of California Petunia=, 84.

=Giant Trimardeau Pansy=, 216.
Cost of seed of, 41.

=Giant Welshman Narcissus=, 192.

=Giant White Antirrhinum=, 91, 98.

=Giant White Comet Aster=, 99.

=Giant Yellow Antirrhinum=, for bedding, 98.

=Giant Yellow Hibiscus=, 108.

=Gladioli=, keep well in winter stored in flour-sacks, 187.

=Gladiolus=, 10, 22, 25, 152, 187.
Bulbs should be planted deeply, 152.
Childsi, 152.
Fall and winter care of, 152, 153.
Hints on planting, 152.
Improvement in culture of, 152.
Rapid increase of, 152.
Reasons for planting deeply, 152.
Require frequent cultivation, 152.
Should be planted in the full sunshine, 10.

=Gladiolus-beds=, ashes for fertilising, 25.

=Glazing and painting old window sashes for hotbeds=, 32.

=Glechoma=, suitable for the north side of house, 91, 92.

=Glory of the Snow=, 191.

=Gloves=, gardening without, ruinous to hands, 251.

=Gloxinia-cuttings=, treatment of, 60.

=Gloxinias=, 37, 39, 48, 58, 60–62, 78, 79, 151, 245, 246.
An excellent place for, 245, 246.
Caring for the bulbs, 79.
High temperature required for growing, 151.
Hints on potting, 79.
How seeds are sown, 78.
How to start the plants, 151.
In the cold-frame, 37.
Keeping soil moist, 78.
Mulch preferable to cultivation for, 79.
Must be protected from heat, cold, and draughts, 78.
Period of blooming, 79.
Potting, 78.

=Golden Glow= (Rudbeckia), hardy yellow flower, 197.

=Golden Saxatile Alyssum=, 122.

=Gourds=—
Develop rapidly after making root, 133.
Good for covering fences or unsightly buildings, 132.
Liable to cutworms, 133.
Ornamental feature of summer garden, 132.
Seed sown early in season, 132.

=Gracillima univittata Eulalia=, ornamental grass, 5.

=Grand Lilas=, blue Hyacinths, 192.

=Grass walks a nuisance to the gardener=, 9.

=Gravel walks=, construction of, 9.

=Green fly=, remedies for, 248.

=Gruss an Teplitz Rose=, 178.

=Guano as a fertiliser=, 28.

H

=Hammock=, view of the garden from the, 4.

=Hanging-baskets=—
How to water, 210.
Manettia Vine very attractive for, 136.
Plants in, require more water than those on low shelves, 214.
Should be securely hung with copper wire, 209.
Thunbergias valuable for, in winter, 136.

=Hardy perennials=, planting beds of, 10.

=Hardy plants=—
Moving and transplanting of, 196.
Setting out in Southern and Northern States, 196.

=Hardy shrubs and plants for fall planting=, 196.

=Harmonising of tints in arranging parti-coloured beds=, 11.

=Heeling-in=, definition of, 190.

=Heliotropes=, 11, 39, 59, 80, 81, 88, 89, 91, 93, 117.
Care of, when grown as house-plants, 81.
Channels should be opened in roots of, to allow water to pass in,
210.
Combined with Ageratum, effect of, 81.
Desirable bedding plants, 81.
Lemoine’s seedlings exceptionally large and early, 80.
More easily raised from seed than from cuttings, 80.
Proper time for sowing the seed, 80.
Secret of successful growing, 80.
Should be in front of the sandbox, 39.

=Hen manure suitable for cold soils=, 23.

=Hepaticas=, 256.

=Hibiscus= (Marshmallow), 11, 46, 58, 103, 107–109, 203.
Africanus, hardy annual, 108.
An herbaceous perennial, 108.
Beds of, 11.
Blooms freely if not allowed to seed, 46.
Chinese, 58.
Coccinea, a tender perennial, 108.
Cultivation of, 107, 108.
Do not bear transplanting well, 108.
Flowers the first season if started early, 108.
Giant Yellow, partially hardy, 108.
Increase in size yearly, 109.
Principal varieties of, 107.
Should be potted very hard, 58.
Six-year clumps superb, 109.
Supports for, 109.
Time for planting, 108.

=Hickory tussock-moth=, destroying cocoons of, 204.

=Hints on planting and transplanting=, 54–56.

=Hints on potting=, 57, 58.

=Hints on shifting plants=, 57.

=Hollyhocks=, 11, 46, 109, 110, 203.
Allegheny, hardy variety, 110.
Attacks of insects on, 110.
Beds of, 11.
Planting, 109.
Require hilling up in winter, 110.
Seed of, 46.
Sowing the seed, 109.
Suitable for effective grouping, 109.

=Honeysuckle=, 61, 252.
Layering valuable for, 61.

=Hoof-parings=, good for the perennial flower-bed, 28.

=Horse manure=, good in clayey soil, 23.

=Horsfieldi Narcissus=, 191, 192.

=House-plant raising a most fascinating work=, 62.

=House-plants=, a good fertiliser for, 215.
Care of, in winter, 208–216.
Cuttings of, easily rooted, 50.
Directions for handling, 58.
From seeds, 62–87.

=Hotbed=, the, 30–37.
A cheap way of making a, 32.
Best position for, 31.
Care and attention of, 36.
Chicken netting for use as screens in the, 37.
Construction of pit of, 32.
How to construct a, 31–34.
Screens for, 36.
Treatment of plants in the, 33, 34.

=Hotbeds=, airing and protecting, 253.

=Hotbed-sashes=, cost of, 31.
Proper size of, 31.

=Hot-water bath=, gives better results than insecticides, 250.

=Hyacinths=, 38, 170, 188, 189, 192.
Alba superbissima, 192.
Baroness Van Thuyl, 192.
Czar Peter, 192.
Grand Lilas, 192.
Hints on selecting, 192.
Ida, 192.
La Grandesse, 192.
Norma gigantea, 192.
Planting, distance apart for, 188.
Roi des Belges, 192.
Should be planted alone, 188.
Treatment of, and potting in the fall, 192, 193.
Use of cold-frame for, 38.
Varieties of, 192.
Wood, 191.

=Hyacinths=, Water, 170.
Novelty of, 170.
Nuisance of, in Florida rivers, 170.
Paris green must not be used in water, 170.
Roots increase rapidly, 170.

=Hypericum Moserianum=, 197.

I

=Iceland Poppies=, 118.

=Ida, yellow Hyacinth=, 192.

=Impatiens sultana=, 58.

=Indian Shot=, 141.

=Insecticides=, 246–252.

=Insects in the Rosebud=, remedies for, 177.

=Instructions for raising seeds and young plants in flats or boxes=,
50.

=Iris=, 23, 166, 197.
Care required in raising various kinds of, 197.
Should be divided every three or four years, 199.
Transplanting of, 196.
Valuable for borders on drives and walks, 198.
See, also, Japanese Iris.

=Italia Cannas=, 15.

=Ivy=, use of, for covering and protecting walls in England, 128.

=Ivy Geraniums=, extra care required to keep low and stocky, 78.

J

=Jackmanni Clematis=, 138.

=Japan Lilies=, beds of, 11.

=Japanese Hop=—
Deserves to be extensively grown, 133.
Female plant only bears seed, 133.
Foliage very showy and effective, 133.
Pays well for care in cultivation, 133.
Requires an elastic support, 134.

=Japanese Iris=, best place for setting out, 10.
Has no insect pest, 199.
Moles have a liking for roots of, 199.
Wonderful colours and size of, 199.

=Japanese Morning-glory=, 91, 134.
Grown in pots by Japanese, 134.
Hints how to raise successfully, 134, 135.
Requires support, 135.
Should be started in house or hotbed, 134.

=Japanese Tassel Aster=, 99.

=June and July=, shrubs and plants that bloom in, 237, 239, 240.

=June Roses subject to insects=, 176.

=Justicia=, 93.

K

=Kaiserin Augusta Victoria Rose=, 178.

=Kerosene emulsion=, 250.

=Kilmarnock Willow=, 140.

=Krameri Lily=, 182.

L

=Lady-slipper.= See Balsams.

=Lady Washington Geranium=, 76.

=La Grandesse Hyacinth=, 192.

=Lantanas=, 42, 46, 81–83, 92.
Description of, 81.
Make fine hedgerows, 83.
May seed freely, 46.
Not a desirable plant for the house, 82.
Starting the seed, 82.
Treatment of, in raising, 82.
Weeping Lantanas, 81, 83.
Will bloom freely in the house, 83.

=Larkspur=, excellent for rear beds, 11.

=Lavender=, 11.

=Lawn=, a neglected, amount of labour involved in a, 6.

=Layering=, a form of rooting cuttings, 61.

=Laying out flower-beds=, 13, 14.

=Leaf-mould=, composition of, 18.
For flower-garden, 7.
For use in boxes, 48.
How to make, 21.
Where found, 18.

=Leaves=, an excellent protection to plants in the winter, 205.

=Lilies=, 9, 11, 12, 168, 179–184, 204.
Auratum Lily bulbs, 180.
Best time for planting, 183.
Day, 201.
Flame, 183.
Funkia, 201.
General treatment of all kinds of, 182.
Hardy, planting of, 183.
How Japanese protect their plants, 180.
Ideal spot for, 12.
Injured by exposure to air and thawings, 180, 181.
Japanese, 181, 182.
Krameri, 182.
Left to themselves, growth of, 183.
Longiflorum, 182.
Plantain, 201.
Washingtonianum, 182.

=Lilium album=, description of, 181.

=Lilium auratum=, 180.

=Lilium Brownii=, 182.

=Lilium candidum=, 180.
Must be planted early, 180.
Soil required for, 180.

=Lilium giganteum=, the most wonderful and tallest variety of Lily,
182.

=Lilium rubrum=, most easily grown, 181.

=Lilium speciosum=, exceeding beauty of, 181.

=Lily-bed=, the hardy, 179–184.
As a garden investment, 179.
Building the bed, 180.
Fibrous-rooted plants, hardy shrubs, and perennials give best
results, 179.
Selecting a site for, 180.

=Lily, Pond=—
Process of germination of, 169.
Sowing the seed of, 169.

=Lily-pond=—
Cementing a pond, 166, 167.
Constructing a, 165.
Diverting a small stream for a, 166.
How to keep clear and sweet, 172.
Objections raised to, 171.
Renewing water in, 165.
Zinc tubs for small water-ponds, 167.

=Liquid manure=, how to prepare, 26, 27.
How to use, 28.

=Little Dorrit Ageratum=, 102.

=Loam=, the best garden soil, 17.

=Longiflorum Lily=, 182.

=Lotus=, 168.

=Lotus Peliorhynchus=, 92.

=Lychnis=, herbaceous perennials, 198.
Semperflorens plenissima, 198.

=Lychnis Chalcedonica=, 198.

M

=Madame Gunther Nasturtium=, 111.

=Manettia Vine=, 93, 136.
Blooms more freely when pot-bound, 137.
Daily watering required, 136.
Satisfactory for winter blooming, 136.
Time for repotting, 137.

=Manure=, preparation of, for the garden, 24.
Proper use of, in the hotbed, 32.

=Manure-barrel=, how to handle, 26, 27.

=Manure-water=, how to prepare, 25, 26.

=Manures=, cow, horse, hen, and sheep, 23.
Quantity necessary for use, 29.

=Maples=, flowering, 63.

=Marguerite Carnations=, best for outdoor blooming, 70.

=Marshmallow.= See Hibiscus.

=Maurandya=, 46, 90, 91, 93, 135, 246.
A beautiful vine for window-boxes, 90.
Height of plant and colours of flowers, 135.
Requires no special treatment, 135.
Seed of, gathered without harm to vine, 46.
Suitable for trellises, window-boxes, and vases, 135.
Time for sowing seed, 135.

=May=, trees, shrubs, and plants that bloom in, 235, 236.

=Mealy bug=, remedy for the, on house-plants, 248.

=Metake Bambusa=, 171.

=Milk-and-Wine Lily=, 161.
See also Crinum fimbriatum.

=Miranda Petunia=, 84.

=Mixed seeds=, variety of, 62.

=Moisture-loving plants=, best place for setting out, 10.

=Moles=, liking of, for roots of Japanese Iris, 199.
Netting and traps for, 199.

=Monkshood=, 11, 46, 122.
Excellent for rear beds, 11.

=Montbretias=—
Desirable for cut flowers, 153.
Keep well through winter in flour sacks, 187.
May be grown in corners of flower-bed, 153.
Multiply rapidly, 153.
Resemble Gladioli in flower and foliage, 153.

=Moonlight Nasturtium=, 111.

=Morning-Glories=, 42, 44, 46, 91, 94, 252, 256.
Reaching the roof by strings, 94.
Require little root room, 94.
Seed of, 46.
See also Japanese Morning-Glories.

=Mountain Fringe=, 129.

=Mrs. Edward Andre Clematis=, 138.

=Mrs. Robert Perry Rose=, 178.

=Muck or peat=, preparation of, 18, 19.

=Myosotis=, 119.

N

=Narcissi=, 38, 188, 191, 192.
Alba plena, 119.
All species are hardy, 191.
Emperor and Empress, 191, 192.
Giant Welshman, 192.
Horsfieldi, 191, 192.
Odoratus, 191.
Paper white, 192.
Planting of various varieties of, 190.
Poeticus, 191.
Treatment of, and potting in the fall, 192, 193.
Trumpet varieties of, 192.
Use of cold-frame for, 38.
Varieties of, 191, 192.
Von Sion, 191, 192.

=Nasturtiums=, 15, 45, 92, 94, 96, 110, 111, 252.
Chameleon, new variety, 111.
Dwarf varieties very attractive for Canna-beds, 110.
Flourish well in elevated beds, 111.
Grown on strings and trellises, 111.
Madame Gunther, mixed variety, 111.
Make excellent edges for beds, 15.
Moonlight, pale cream variety, 111.
Require abundant root room, 94.
Saving seed of, 45.
Sunlight, new variety, 111.
Tall varieties make effective beds, 111.
Trailers, not climbers, 111.
Will not bloom well in shade, 110.

=Nicotianas=, how to sow, 35.

=Nine-foot flower-beds=, 15.

=Niobe Antirrhinum=, for bedding, 98.

=Norma gigantea Hyacinth=, 192.

=Northern exposure=, combination of flowers suitable for window-boxes,
93, 94.

=Nymphæas=, 168–170.
Hardy, for planting in soil of Lily-pond, 168.
Varieties of, suitable for amateur cultivation, 169.

O

=Odds and ends=, chapter of, 245–252.

=Odoratus Narcissus=, 191.

=Orchid-flowered Cannas=, treatment of, in winter, 186.

=Oriental Poppies=, 118.

=Ornamental foliage plants=, beds of, 4.
From seeds, 141–146.

=Ornamental grasses=, 5.
Nine-foot bed of, 16.
On lawns recommended, 16.

=Ornithogalum arabicum=, 192.
Requires high temperature, 194.

=Ostrich Feather Aster=, 99.

=Otaheite Orange=, 58.

=Oxalis, Summer-blooming=—
Advantage of precocity of growth, 154.
Bermuda, 195.
Desirable for borders, 154.
Extensively grown in parks and public gardens, 154.
Good substitute for other plants that have failed to come up, 154.
Hints on raising, 195.
How to buy and set, 154.
Most easily raised of all bulbous plants, 154.
Rapid growth of, 154.

P

=Pæonia.= See Peony.

=Pansies=, 10, 18, 23, 25, 34, 37, 41, 44, 53, 67, 81, 84, 85, 112–118,
205, 206, 253.
Aurora, 116.
Best place for planting, 10.
Cold weather, care of, during, 112, 113.
Daily care of, 253.
Fungoid disease and mildew, remedy for, 115.
Germination, period of, 112.
Giant Cassier, 116.
Giant Trimardeau, 216.
How to carry Pansy bed through winter, 116, 117.
How to raise sturdy plants, 112.
In the cold-frame, 37.
Planting, best place for, 115.
Seeds, fresh, every year for best varieties, 116.
Snow Queen, 116.
Soot as a fertiliser for, 25.
Sowing in cold-frame or hotbed, 112.
Special mixtures of seeds, 116.
Spring, treatment of roots in the, 113.
Time for sowing seed, 112.
Transplanting, 113.
Watering beds of, 114.

=Pansy-bed=, the, 112–119.
Proper soil for, 18.

=Pansy-seed=—
Should be grown by a specialist, 44.
The best is the cheapest, 41.

=Papa Canna=, 15.

=Paper White Narcissus=, 192.

=Paris green=, 100, 170, 172, 177, 247, 249.

=Paris green solution=, 250.

=Parti-coloured beds of flowers=, arrangement of, 11.

=Pelargonium Geraniums=—
Cuttings of, for new plants, 77.
Time for blooming, 77.
Very satisfactory when raised from seed, 77.

=Pennisetum Ruppellianum=, 16.

=Peonies=, 9, 11, 179, 200, 201, 204, 206.
Best soil and location for, 200.
Raised beds of, 11.

=Peony Aster=, 99.

=Peony-beds=, should be heavily mulched with manure in the fall, 201.

=Perennial-beds=, must be well rounded up, 204.

=Perennials=, benefited by removal of withered flowers, 46.
Hardy, grouping of, in flowerbeds, 10.

=Perfection Aster=, 99.

=Perpetuals=, hardy, 176.

=Petunias=, 9, 35, 42, 45, 58, 83–85, 93, 96, 117.
Bloom freely in the house, 85.
Burpee’s Defiance, 84.
Double variety more suitable for pots, vases, and bedding out, 84.
Giant of California, 84.
Growing plants of, from seed, 45.
How to distinguish the finer varieties, 85.
How to sow seed of, 35.
Improvement in growth of, the last few years, 83.
Instructions for raising, 84.
Miranda, 84.
Poor or inferior plants should be removed, 85.
Potting and caring for, 85.
Young plants require great care, 84.

=Phacelia=, 96.

=Phlox Drummondi=, 11, 16, 42, 91, 96, 119.
Beds of, 11.
Border of dwarf variety, 119.
Germination of seed, 119.

=Phlox subulata=, border plants of, 8.

=Pinks=, grow best from self-sown seed, 45.

=Plant enemies=, increase of, 246, 247.

=Plant growing=, failures in, 58.

=Plant lice=, or green fly, remedies for, 248.

=Plantain Lily=, 201.

=Planting seed=, 34–36.

=Plants=—
Blooming season of various, 234–244.
For winter blooming should not be exposed to chilly nights, 208.
How to treat when frozen, 213.
Learning to keep, 254.
Method of shifting and bedding out, 51.
Need room to develop, 253.
No more should be raised than there is room for, 253.
Proper breathing of, 211.
Protecting from cold and sun, 204, 205.
Protection for tall ones, 206.
Received by mail, treatment of, before being put in window-boxes, 95.
Saving seed and giving away cuttings, 254.
Should have room to breathe and grow, 208.
Sudden change of temperature should be avoided, 212.
Support should be given to such as need it, 212.
Transplantation of, in the fall, 196.
Treatment of, for winter blooming, 51.
Wintering of, 196.

=Poa=, an edible food of the Sandwich Islands, 149.

=Pond Lily=, 169.

=Poeticus Narcissus=, 191.

=Poeticus ornatus Narcissus=, 191.

=Polyanthus=, 191.

=Poppies=, 44, 117–119, 170.
Hunnemannia fumariæfolia, 118.
Iceland, 118.
Oriental, 118.
Shirley, 117.
Should not be grown too closely, 118.
Value of seed from, 44.

=Poppies, Water=, 170, 171.
Attractiveness of, 171.

=Poppy-seed=, sowing in the Pansy-bed, 117.

=Porches=, Thunbergias valuable for covering foundations of, 136.

=Pot-bound plants=, how to remove, 57.

=Potting=, hints on, 57, 58.

=Potting-soil=, always keep ready for use, 40.
How to obtain, 21.

=Primroses=, 63, 86, 87, 246.
Blooming time, 86.
General treatment of, 86.
Potting, 86.
Primula obconica grown in shallow dishes, 87.
Raising from seed, 87.
Receptacles for, 86.
Repeated shifting aids blooming, 86.
Root room necessary, 86.

=Primula obconica=, 87.

=Primulas=, 48, 58.

=Princess Caroline Ageratum=, 101, 102.

Q

=Queen Charlotte Cannas=, 15.

=Queen of the North Antirrhinum=, 98.

R

=Radicans Bignonia=, 139, 140.

=Ragged Robin= (Viscaria), red, scented flower, 198.

=Ramona Clematis=, 138.

=Red Spider=, remedy for, 248.

=Repotting=, meaning of term, 56.

=Repotting house-plants in summer=, 40.

=Rex Begonia=, 66.

=Rhododendrons=, protection of, in Northern winters, 206.

=Ricinus= (Castor-oil Plant), 4, 5, 14, 15, 18, 29, 35, 46, 121, 144,
150, 200.
Beds of, 5.
Good background for low shrubs, 144.
In flower-beds, 14, 15.
Most tropical looking plant in cultivation, 144.
Position of, in the hotbed, 35.
Proper soil for, 18.
Seed of, 46.
Seeds should be started in house pots, 144.
Soil must be heavily manured and well watered, 144.
Transplanting, 144.
Zanzibar varieties best, 144.

=Rockwork=, Thunbergias valuable for covering, 136.

=Roi des Belges=, a red Hyacinth, 192.

=Rose=, the, need of constant care of, 247.

=Rose-bed=, care of the Summer, 173–178.
Choice of plants for the, 178.
Cutting and pruning, 175, 176.
Hardy Perpetuals, caring for, 176.
Insect enemies of Roses, 176, 177.
Manuring, 175.
Planting the bed, 175.
Soil suitable for, 175.
Sunny, protected situation necessary, 175.
Treatment of Roses that refuse to bloom, 176.

=Rose-bug=, destruction of, 249.

=Rose-bugs and beetles=, remedy for, 177.

=Rose Campion= (Lychnis), herbaceous perennial, 198.

=Rose-cuttings=, handling of, 59.

=Rose-garden=, design for, 12, 13.

=Rose-hopper or thrips=, on Rose leaves, remedy for, 177, 248.

=Rose of Sharon= (Althea)—
Method of blooming, 202.
Winter care of young and old trees, 202.

=Rose-slugs=, how to get rid of, 177, 248.