Chapter I: B. Pole Evans (1)

Pretoria, 1920.

K.A. Lansdell del.

AGAPANTHUS UMBELLATUS, L’HERIT.]

PLATE 1.

AGAPANTHUS UMBELLATUS.

_Cape Province_, _Natal_, _Orange Free State_, _Basutoland_, and _Transvaal_.

* * * * *

LILIACEAE. Tribe ALLIOIDEAE.

AGAPANTHUS, _L’Herit_; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 798.

* * * * *

=Agapanthus umbellatus=, _L’Herit. Sert. Angl._ 17; _Fl. Cap._ vi. 402.

* * * * *

This well-known garden plant, commonly called the “Agapanthus” or “Blue Lily,” was introduced into cultivation in England from the Cape as far back as 1692, and was figured by Commelin of Amsterdam in 1697.

In South Africa the plant is characteristic of the vegetation found on high mountain ranges. It usually occurs on well-drained slopes.

It is a herbaceous plant with a tuberous rootstock from which 6-10 broad strap-shaped leaves arise. The lower stalk is about a metre high, and bears an umbel of 20-50 handsome blue flowers.

DESCRIPTION:--_Rootstock_ short, tuberous, with fleshy cylindric roots. _Leaves_ dark green, 6-10, basal, 20-60 cm. long, 2-4 cm. broad, strap-shaped, obtuse, glabrous. _Peduncle_ O·25-1 metre high, terete, glabrous. _Inflorescence_ a many-flowered umbel. _Spathe-valves_ 2·5 cm. long, 2 cm. broad at the base, ovate, acuminate, withering in the mature inflorescence. _Floral-bracts_ 2·7 cm. long, linear. _Pedicels_ about 6 cm. long, terete, jointed at the apex. _Flowers_ blue; perianth-tube 1·7 cm. long, 6 mm. in diameter; lobes 2-5 cm. long, 9 mm. broad, oblanceolate, obtuse. _Stamens_ inserted at the throat of the perianth-tube; filaments 2·5-3 cm. long, arcuate; anthers oblong. _Fruit_ a triquetrous capsule.

F.P.S.A., 1920.

K.A. Lansdell del.

ALOE GLOBULIGEMMA, I. B. POLE EVANS.]

PLATE 2.

ALOE GLOBULIGEMMA.

_Transvaal._

* * * * *

LILIACEAE. Tribe ALOINEAE.

ALOE, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 776.

* * * * *

=Aloe globuligemma=, _Pole Evans in Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Africa_, vol. v. pp. 30-32, Pls. x., xi.

* * * * *

This remarkable Aloe was collected by Messrs. Wickens and Pienaar in M‘Phathlele’s Location in the Pietersburg District during January, 1914. Specimens brought to the Botanical Laboratories, Pretoria, flowered during July and August of the same year.

In M‘Phathlele’s Location the plant occurs in vast numbers in a very gregarious manner on the open sandy plains. In fact, it is not uncommon to find long, continuous belts of thickly crowded plants extending for two or three hundred yards in length. The plant is typical of the Low Veld and the river valleys which run from the Zoutpansberg into the Limpopo basin.

At first the racemes are furnished with widely separated spherical to globular flower-buds which develop with considerable slowness.

The unopened flowers are rich nopal red (R.C.S.), tinged with green at the tips. When open, the flowers become a sulphur-yellow (R.C.S.).

Our illustration was made from a plant in the Aloe collection at the Botanical Laboratories, Pretoria.

DESCRIPTION:--A succulent, stemless plant. _Leaves_ 16-23 in a dense rosette, glaucous, erect-spreading, 45-50 cm. long, 8-9 cm. broad at the base, lanceolate-ensiform, acuminate, acute and recurved at the apex, unspotted, somewhat flat at the base and canaliculate above, with cartilaginous wavy and toothed margins; teeth pale brown and at right angles to the margins, 1·5-2 mm. long, and about 8-9 mm. apart, deltoid, recurved. _Inflorescence_ a panicle, with 5-7 spreading horizontal to oblique branches with a few small deltoid-acute empty bracts at the base. _Peduncle_ 06-1 metre high, stout, glaucous, naked. _Racemes_ densely flowered, 22-40 cm. long. _Flowers_ secund, all pointing towards the centre of the inflorescence and at the same time slightly deflexed; young buds distinctly globular; in open flowers nopal-red (R.C.S.), green at the tips; mature flowers sulphur-yellow (R.C.S.) and tinged with red towards the base. _Floral-bracts_ reflexed, 5-6 mm. long, ovate-cuspidate, scariose, pellucid. _Pedicels_ recurved, 3-4 mm. long. _Perianth_ 25 mm. long, cylindrical-ventricose; outer segments free for 15-17 mm., obtuse and recurved at the apex, 3-5-veined; inner segments obtuse, recurved, tipped with auburn (R.C.S.) at the apex, with 3 inner veins. _Stamens_ exserted for 11 mm.; filaments slightly recurved, the exposed portion chestnut-brown (R.C.S.) to black. _Anthers_ mars-orange (R.C.S.). _Style_ pale sulphur-yellow (R.C.S.), stout, recurved. _Capsule_ shortly stipitate, 23 mm. long, 13 mm. in diameter, oblong-ovoid.

* * * * *

PLATE 2.--Fig. 1, plant much reduced; Fig. 2, lower part of spike;
Fig. 3, apex of spike.

F.P.S.A., 1920.

K. A. Lansdell del.

ARCTOTIS DECURRENS, JACQ.]

PLATE 3.

ARCTOTIS FOSTERI.[A]

_Clanwilliam._

* * * * *

COMPOSITAE. Tribe ARCTOTIDEAE.

ARCTOTIS, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. ii. p. 458.

* * * * *

=Arctotis Fosteri=, _N.E. Br._

ARCTOTUS _Fosteri_; _Herbacea_, 60-90 cm. alta. _Folia_ inferiora
lyrato-pinnatisecta, 30-40 cm. longa, 7-9 cm. lata, longe
petiolata, ambitu obovato-oblonga, lobis lateralibus utrinque 3-4,
oblongis subacutis dentatis, lobo terminali latissime ovato obtuso
grandidentato; folia superiora sessilia, lanceolata, acuta,
subintegra; omnia supra parce pubescentia, subtus albo-lanata.
_Pedunculi_ 17-19 cm. longi, striati, pubescentes. _Capitula_ 7-9
cm. diametro. _Involucri bracteae_ exteriores ovatae,
subulato-caudatae, virides; interiores oblongo-obovatae, obtusae,
apice membranaceae, rubescentes. _Radii flores_ acuti, albi vel
carnei, subtus purpurei, quisque basi maculo nigro et aurantiaco
instructi. _Disci flores_ nigro-brunnei, antheribus luteia. _Pappi
squamae_ lanceolatae, acutae vel subobtusae. _Ovarium_
villosum.--N. E. BROWN.

Cape Province: Clanwilliam Division, near Clanwilliam, _Foster_.

* * * * *

This handsome species of _Arctotis_ was raised in the Garden of the Division of Botany, Pretoria, from seed received in 1916 from Mr. C. Foster, of Clanwilliam, after whom I have much pleasure in naming it. The large size of the flower head and the delicate colouring of the rays make it worthy of a place in all South African Gardens. At Pretoria it flowers freely and has set mature seed.

DESCRIPTION:--A herbaceous perennial 60-90 cm. high. _Leaves_ many, lyrate; lower leaves 30-40 cm. long, 7-9 cm. broad, lanceolate in outline, obtuse, produced at the base into a long petiole, sparsely pubescent on the upper surface, white-woolly on the lower surface; leaf-lobes about 4 cm. long, 1-5·2 cm. broad, oblong, obtuse, with toothed margins; the terminal lobe much larger, otherwise similar; petiole up to 16 cm. long, flat on the upper surface, convex beneath, sparsely glandular-pilose; upper leaves sessile, lanceolate, acute, sparsely pilose, with more or less entire margins. _Peduncles_ pale in colour at the base, gradually becoming indian purple (R.C.S.) towards the apex, 17-19 cm. long, terete, striate, pilose, the hairs becoming reddish and denser towards the apex. _Capitulum_ solitary, 7-9 cm. in diameter when fully expanded. _Involucral bracts_ many-seriate; the outer green, ovate, with a hairy subulate appendage; the inner reddish and membranous at the apex. _Receptacle_ slightly convex. _Ray-florets_ female. _Corolla_ limb white or shrimp-pink (R.C.S.) above, with a golden-yellow and purple spot near the base, and eugenia red to vandyke red (R.C.S.) beneath. _Pappus_ of several membranous scales as long as the corolla-tube. _Ovary_ with a dense tuft of basal hairs. _Disc-florets_ hermaphrodite. _Corolla-tube_ 4-5 mm. long, campanulate above, cylindrical below; lobes lanceolate with black tips. _Pappus_ of several membranous scales about half length of the corolla-tube. _Ovary_ villous, with a dense basal tuft of hairs. _Fruit_ villous, crowned with the persistent pappus scales.--E. PERCY PHILLIPS.

* * * * *

PLATE 3.--Fig. 1, portion of ray-floret; Fig. 2, pappus-scale of
ray-floret; Fig. 3, disc-floret; Fig. 4, pappus-scale of
disc-floret; Fig. 5, apex of style showing the stigmas; Fig. 6,
fruit; Fig. 7, involucral-bracts (all enlarged).

F.P.S.A., 1920.

K. A. Lansdell del.

CYRTANTHUS ANGUSTIFOLIUS, AIT.]

PLATE 4.

CYRTANTHUS CONTRACTUS.[B]

_Transvaal._

* * * * *

AMARYLLIDACEAE. Tribe AMARYLLEAE.

CYRTANTHUS, _Ait._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 729.

* * * * *

=Cyrtanthus contractus=, _N.E. Br._

CYRTANTHUS _contractus_; _Bulbus_ 4-6 cm. diametro, ovoideus,
brunneus. _Folia_ 2-3, adscendentia, 30-50 cm. longa, 8-12 mm.
lata, linearia, longe et acutissime acuminata, basi in petiolum
teretem angustata, glabra. _Pedunculus_ 18 cm. vel ultra longus, ad
1 cm. diametro, teres, fistularis, glaber, purpurascens, ad apicem
4-10-florus. _Bracteae_ 4·5-5 cm. longae, basi 8 mm. lati,
lineari-attenuatae, membranaceae. _Pedicelli_ adacendentes, 2-4 cm.
longi, rubri. _Perianthium_ nutante, coccineum; tubus 5-6 cm.
longus, ad medium leviter ventricosum et circa 8 mm. diametro, basi
longe et valde contractus et circa 1·5-2 mm. diametro; lobi 1·3 to
1·5 cm. longi, 7 mm. lati, elliptico-ovati, acuti. _Stamina_
perianthii lobis breviora; antherae luteae. _Ovarium_ 1 cm. longum,
ovoideum. _Stylus_ inclusus, stigmatibus recurvis. _Semina_
complanata, atrata.--N. E. BROWN.

Transvaal: on kopjes near Mooi Plaates farm, in the vicinity of
Pretoria, _Miss J. Stuart_.

* * * * *

The specimens from which our drawing was made were collected by Miss J. Stuart of Pretoria, on the slopes of stony kopjes near the farm “Mooi Plaates,” about 5 miles out of Pretoria. During the spring months the plant is very conspicuous on the kopjes when it flowers freely, usually after the grass has been burnt off, and from this it derives its common name of “Fire Lily.”

DESCRIPTION:--_Bulb_ 4-6 cm. in diameter, ovoid; tunics brown, membranous. _Leaves_ 2-3, contemporary with or appearing after the flowers, 30-50 cm. long, 0·8-1·2 cm. broad, linear, acuminate, acute, tapering to a terete petiole above the flattened base, glabrous. _Peduncle_ vandyke red (R.C.S.), 18 cm. long, lengthening in the fruit, 10 mm. in diameter, terete, hollow, glabrous. _Spathe-valves_ 4·5-5 cm. long, 8 mm. broad near the base, linear, acute, membranous, glabrous. _Inflorescence_, a 4-10-flowered umbel. _Flowers_ pendulous, scarlet-red to carmine (R.C.S.), faintly scented; pedicels 2-4 cm. long, strawberry-pink (R.C.S.), jointed at the apex; perianth-tube 5-6 cm. long, tubular, narrowed at the base, with an inflated portion about the middle; lobes 1·3-1·5 cm. long, 7 mm. broad, ovate-ellipsoid, acute, with a small tuft of white hairs on the inner surface just below the apex. _Stamens_ inserted just below the throat, a little shorter than the perianth-lobes; anthers chrome-yellow (R.C.S.), oblong. _Ovary_ 1 cm. long, 0·5 cm. in diameter, ovoid; style about the length of the perianth-tube, included; stigmas recurved. _Seeds_ black, flattened.--E. PERCY PHILLIPS.

* * * * *

PLATE 4.--Figs. 1 and 2, anthers back and side view; Fig. 3, apex
of the perianth, showing the tufts of hairs.

F.P.S.A., 1920.

K. A. Lansdell del.

GERBERA JAMESONI, BOLUS.]

PLATE 5.

GERBERA JAMESONI.

_Transvaal._

* * * * *

COMPOSITAE. Tribe MUTISIACEAE.

GERBERA, _Gronov._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. ii. p. 497.

* * * * *

=Gerbera Jamesoni=, _Bolus_; _Gard. Chron._, 1889, vol. 5, p. 772. fig. 122; _Bot. Mag._ t. 7087.

* * * * *

This plant, the “Barberton Daisy,” has attracted much attention in recent years as an addition to the herbaceous garden.

It was first discovered in the Transvaal by the collector Rehmann about 1878, and later by the Hon. R. Jameson on the mountains round Barberton. In 1889 it flowered at Kew Gardens and was illustrated in the _Gardener’s Chronicle_ for that year. Shortly afterwards a coloured plate and description appeared in the _Botanical Magazine_ (t. 7087). The specific name was proposed by the late Dr. Bolus, who himself collected the species at Barberton.

A mass of these plants in full bloom is very striking, the scarlet rays standing out in strong contrast to the green leaves.

The specimen from which the present illustration was made flowered at the Botanical Laboratories, Pretoria.

DESCRIPTION:--_Rootstock_ perennial. _Leaves_ basal, numerous, 22-45 cm. long, 5-10 cm. broad, somewhat oblong in general outline, deeply lobed, with the terminal lobe broadly ovate, acute, pubescent on both surfaces, especially on the veins beneath; petiole 25-40 cm. long, terete, pilose, tinged with red at the base. _Peduncle_ 25-40 cm. long, terete, pilose, bearing a solitary capitulum. _Capitulum_ 8-10 cm. in diameter when fully expanded. _Involucral-bracts_ about 3-seriate, 1-1·5 cm. long, lanceolate, acuminate, acute, woolly. _Receptacle_ flat, naked. _Ray-florets_ female, scarlet to spectrum-red (R.C.S.); lower limb represented by 2 linear strongly reflexed lobes. _Ovary_ glandular-pubescent. _Disc-florets_ hermaphrodite. _Corolla_ bilabiate; tube 7 mm. long, cylindrical, glabrous; anterior limb of 2 linear recurved lobes; posterior limb 3-toothed, spreading. _Ovary_ 6 mm. long, cylindrical, glandular-pubescent; _stigma_ bifid.

* * * * *

PLATE 5.--Fig. 1, ray-floret; Fig. 2, disc-floret; Fig. 3, apex of
style, showing the two stigmas.

F.P.S.A., 1920.

K. A. Lansdell del.

GLADIOLUS PSITACCINUS, H.K., VAR. COOPERI, B. K. R.]

PLATE 6.

GLADIOLUS PSITTACINUS, var. COOPERI.

_Basutoland_ and _Transvaal_.

* * * * *

IRIDACEAE. Tribe IXIEAE.

GLADIOLUS, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 709.

* * * * *

=Gladiolus psittacinus=, _Hook f._ var. =Cooperi=, _Bkr. Bot. Mag._ t. 6202; _Fl. Cap._ vi. 158.

* * * * *

This striking species of _Gladiolus_ belongs to the section _Dracocephali_ of the genus which contains some seven species all characterised by having the upper segments hooded. It is a favourite with cultivators, and has also been taken up by nurserymen who grow blooms for sale. Like a great many of our beautiful native species, it was left to Kew Gardens to bring the species to public notice.

Corms of this _Gladiolus_ were brought to England by Mr. Thomas Cooper, who collected in South Africa for Mr. Wilson Saunders. It first flowered at Kew in 1872, when it was described and figured.

The species is easy of cultivation, and flowers at Pretoria in November. Apart from the interest it is to gardeners generally, it should be of special interest to breeders, as there seems little doubt that some very fine hybrids could be raised from this species.

DESCRIPTION:--A tall plant O·9-1·2 metres high. _Corm_ red, 2·5-6 cm. in diameter, globose; tunics chartaceous, broad, ultimately breaking up into fibres. _Leaves_ 6-8, 60-90 cm. long, 2-3 cm. broad, ensiform, acute, slightly narrowed at the base, glabrous, rigid. _Inflorescence_ a lax 5-10-flowered spike, 20 cm. or more long. _Spathe-valves_ 5-9 cm. long, oblong-lanceolate, sub-acute, kildare-green (R.C.S.). _Flowers_ large, hooded, lemon-yellow (R.C.S.), striped with scarlet-red (R.C.S.). _Perianth-tube_ curved, 5-6 cm. long, trumpet-shaped, glabrous; three upper lobes forming a hood 2-2·5 cm. broad, ovate or obovate, acute, with a distinct claw; the posterior lobe crimson without, lighter in colour within, smaller than the other two upper lobes; the three lower lobes smaller than the upper lobes and strongly reflexed; the anterior lobe 3-4 cm. long, O·5-2 cm. broad, broadly-lanceolate, acute, lemon-yellow (R.C.S.) in the lower half; the lateral lower lobes 2-2·5 cm. long, 0·4-0·5 cm. broad, lanceolate, acute. _Stamens_ inserted at the base of the perianth-tube, shorter than the upper lobes, arcuate. _Ovary_ ellipsoid; style slightly longer than the stamens, arcuate; stigmas terete, pubescent on the stigmatic surface. _Capsule_ 2-2·5 cm. long, ellipsoid. _Seeds_ discoid.

* * * * *

PLATE 6.--Fig. 1, plant much reduced; Fig. 2, apex of style,
showing the three stigmas; Figs. 3 and 4, back and side view of
stamens.

F.P.S.A., 1920.

K. A. Lansdell del.

LEUCADENDRON STOKOEI, PHILLIPS.]

K. A. Lansdell del.

LEUCADENDRON STOKOEI, PHILLIPS.]

PLATES 7 AND 8.

LEUCADENDRON STOKOEI.

_Cape Province._

* * * * *

PROTEACEAE. Tribe PROTEEAE.

LEUCADENDRON, _R. Br._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 169.

* * * * *

=Leucadendron Stokoei=, Phillips sp. nov.

LEUCADENDRON _Stokoei_; _Rami_ et ramuli glabri. _Folia_ 7-8·5 cm.
longa, 1-2·1 cm. lata, oblonga vel oblongo-lanceolata, apice
obtusa, basi paullo angustata, glabra. _Inflorescentia_ ♂ 2 cm.
longa, 2·5 cm. lata; bractae involucri 1·1 cm. longae, apice
obtusae, glabrae viscidaeque, eximae reflexae; bractae floris 1 mm.
longae, lanceolatae, acuminatae, apice subacutae, basi villosae.
_Inflorescentia_ ♀ 2·5 cm. longa, 1·7 cm. lata; bractae involucri
reflexae; bractae floris 6 mm. longae, 1·1 cm. latae, apice
obtusae, sericeae. _Fructus_ 7 mm. longus, 6 mm. latus, obovatus,
anguste alatus.

Cape Province: Caledon Division, Standford, near Caledon, _Stokoe
in National Herbarium_.

* * * * *

The remarkable group of South African plants--the _Proteaceae_--still continues to yield interesting novelties, though it was monographed as recently as 1910. This is especially true of the genus _Leucadendron_, on which much work remains to be done.

The specimens from which our illustration was made were collected by Mr. T. P. Stokoe in the Klein River Mountains at Sinkerhausgat, near Standford, in the Caledon Division. Mr. Stokoe has made some interesting discoveries in this region, amongst which was this new _Leucadendron_ which he forwarded to the Division of Botany in September, 1918. It is quite distinct from any other species of _Leucadendron_, inasmuch as the male inflorescence is surrounded by large bracts giving it the appearance of a _Protea_.

DESCRIPTION:--_Branches_ and branchlets glabrous. _Leaves_ 7-8·5 cm. long, 1-2·1 cm. broad, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, bluntly mucronate, slightly narrowed at the base, glabrous, very finely glandular when seen under a lens; leaves surrounding the inflorescence longer. _Male inflorescence_ hidden by the upper leaves and quite surrounded by brown bracts, shortly peduncled, 2 cm. long, 2·5 cm. in diameter; the inner bracts 1·1 cm. long, oblong, obtuse, glabrous, viscid, longer or as long as the inflorescence; the outer situated on the short peduncle, viscid and reflexed; receptacle 7 mm. long, 8 mm. broad, subglobose. _Floral bracts_ 1 mm. long, lanceolate, acuminate, subacute, villous at the base. _Perianth_ 2 mm. long, glabrous. _Stigma_ clavate, much thicker than the style. _Female inflorescence_ hidden by the upper leaves, very shortly stalked, 2·5 cm. long, 1·7 cm. broad, the short peduncle bearing brown reflexed bracts; receptacle 1·6 cm. long, 3 mm. broad, cylindrical. _Floral bracts_ 6 mm. long, 1·1 cm. broad, transversely oblong, villous above. _Fruiting head_ 3·5-4 cm. long, 3·5 cm. in diameter; scales 1·5 cm. long, 1·2 cm. broad, suborbicular, slightly narrowed at the base, tomentose without, except near the apex. _Fruits_ 7 mm. long, 6 mm. broad, obovate in outline, flat on one side, convex on the other, honeycombed, with a narrow membranous wing.

* * * * *

PLATE 7.--Fig. 1, male inflorescence; Fig. 2, longitudinal section
of male inflorescence.

PLATE 8.--Fig. 1, young female inflorescence; Fig. 2, longitudinal
section of female inflorescence; Fig. 3, fruiting head; Fig. 4,
floral bract × 4; Fig. 5, fruit × 4.

F.P.S.A., 1920.

K. A. Lansdell del.

TULBAGHIA VIOLACEA PARV.]

PLATE 9.

TULBAGHIA VIOLACEA.

_Cape Province, Natal._

* * * * *

LILIACEAE. Tribe ALLIEAE.

TULBAGHIA, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. 798.

* * * * *

=Tulbaghia violacea=, _Harv. Bot. Mag. t. 3555. Fl. Cap._ vol. vi. 407.

* * * * *

This beautiful little _Tulbaghia_ has a special interest attached to it, inasmuch as it flowered in Baron von Ludwig’s garden at the Cape of Good Hope, and was there illustrated and described by Harvey, who sent his description and drawing to the _Botanical Magazine_ for publication. In this respect it differs from most of the other Cape plants, which were described and figured from specimens grown in Europe.

The present illustration was made from specimens cultivated at the Botanic Gardens, Durban, Natal, from tubers presented by Mrs. Todd of Pietermaritzburg. Notwithstanding the unpleasant odour of garlic, the species is worth cultivation. It is commonly known as the “Wild Garlic.”

DESCRIPTION:--_Rootstock_ tuberous. _Leaves_ crowded; basal leaves rudimentary and membranous; upper leaves 6-10, erect, 20-30 cm. long, 5-8 mm. broad, linear, acute, glabrous, concave on the upper surface, rounded beneath. _Peduncles_ erect, 30-60 cm. long, terete. _Inflorescence_ a 10-20-flowered umbel. _Spathe-valves_ 2-2·5 cm. long, 5 mm. broad at the base, ovate-linear, acuminate, acute, membranous. _Pedicles_ 2·5-4 cm. long, terete. _Flowers_ pale ampare-purple to light haryense-violet (R.C.S.). _Perianth-tube_ 1·1-1·5 cm. long, 4 mm. in diameter, cylindrical, slightly inflated at the base; lobes 1-1·1 cm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, elliptic or lanceolate, acute or obtuse. _Corona-lobes_ 3, 1·5 mm. long, opposite the inner segments. _Stamens_ subsessile, in 2 whorls about halfway down the perianth-tube; anthers sub-globose. _Ovary_ sessile, sub-globose; style 2 mm. long, thick; stigma capitate.

* * * * *

PLATE 9.--Fig. 1, perianth laid open to show corona lobes and
stamens × 1½.

F.P.S.A., 1920.

K. A. Lansdell del.

RICHARDIA ANGUSTILOBA, SCHOTT.]

PLATE 10.

RICHARDIA ANGUSTILOBA.

_Transvaal, Basutoland._

* * * * *

AROIDEAE. Tribe PHILODENDREAE.

RICHARDIA, _Kunth._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 982.

* * * * *

=Richardia angustiloba=, _Schott in Journ. Bot._ 1865, 35; _Fl. Cap._ vii. 37.

* * * * *

The specimen figured was first mentioned in the _Gardener’s Chronicle_, 1892, as _Calla Pentlandii_, and two years later in the same publication was again brought to notice as _Richardia Pentlandii_, under which name it was described and figured in the _Botanical Magazine_. Mr. N. E. Brown, who monographed the genus for the _Flora Capensis_, considers it the same as _Richardia angustiloba_ which was described as early as 1865. It was introduced into cultivation by Mr. R. Whyte, Pentland House, Lee, who raised flowers in 1892, and exhibited it at a meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society and was awarded a first-class certificate.

Specimens of the tubers were taken to Kew by Mr. E. E. Galpin in May, 1892.

Our present illustration was made from plants flowered by Mr. H. H. Wickens, Officer in Charge of the Union Buildings Garden, Pretoria.

DESCRIPTION:--_Leaves_ dark green, unspotted; petiole 30-60 cm. long, terete, glabrous; lamina 22-30 cm. long, 11 cm. broad at the widest part, ovate, acute, and produced into a filiform appendage at the apex 1·2 cm. long, sagittate at the base, glabrous, with the midrib prominent beneath and channelled above. _Peduncle_ over 1 metre high, longer than the leaves, terete, glabrous. _Spathe_ gamboge-yellow, dark purple at the base inside, 10-14 cm. long, 4-4·5 cm. broad across the middle, 7-10 cm. across the mouth, loosely convolute for two-thirds of its length, then expanding into a broad, nearly horizontal limb produced into a subulate tip 1·5 cm. long and with recurved margins. _Spadix_ yellow, 4·5 cm. long, cylindrical. _Ovaries_ with subsessile stigmas, pale greenish-white. _Staminodia_ none; anthers yellow. _Calla Pentlandii_, _Gard. Chron._ 1892, p. 124; _Richardia Pentlandii_, _Gard. Chron._ 1894, p. 590; _Bot. Mag._ t. 7397.

* * * * *

PLATE 10.--Fig. 1, plant much reduced; Fig. 2, spathe removed to
show the spadix.

F.P.S.A., 1920.

K. A. Lansdell del.

FREESIA REFRACTA, KLATT.]

PLATE 11.

FREESIA SPARRMANNII _var._ FLAVA.

_Cape Province._

* * * * *

IRIDACEAE. Tribe IXIEAE.

FREESIA, _Klatt_; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 704.

* * * * *

=Freesia Sparrmannii=, _N.E. Br._ var. =flava=, _N.E. Br._

_Gladiolus_ Sparrmanni, _Thunb. in Kongl. Vet. Acad. Handlingar_, 1814, p. 189, t. 9A, and _Fl. Cap. ed Schultes_, p. 49.

* * * * *

According to the _Flora Capensis_ the only species in the genus _Freesia_ is _F. refracta_, Klatt, which is a native of the eastern districts of Albany, Bathurst, etc., and is characterised by having (among other characters) the slender lower part of the perianth-tube shorter than the upper broader part and not more than twice as long as the bracts. But there are at least three other species found in other regions that distinctly differ in habit or in the tube of the flower or in both. One of them collected by Burchell in Bechuanaland and at present undescribed, has a very long tube. Another is a plant found in the coast districts of Swellendam, Riversdale, Ladismith, etc., figured and described by Thunberg under the name of _Gladiolus Sparrmanni_, upon which I found the species _Freesia Sparrmannii_. The reference to this figure is omitted by Schultes in his edition of Thunberg’s _Fl. Cap._, and is not quoted by Baker, but it accurately agrees with the plant Zeyher collected along the Buffeljagts River in Swellendam Division and distributed under No. 4027. It conspicuously differs from _F. refracta_ by the very much longer slender part to the perianth tube, and although Thunberg’s plant and that collected by Zeyher have purplish-tinted flowers, I place the plant here figured as a yellow variety of it, because I find that the late P. MacOwan, in a letter preserved at Kew, gives the following particulars concerning this species, which he also considers distinct from _F. refracta_. He writes: “All along the coast from Cape Point towards Agulhas, notably near Mossel Bay, the other _Freesia_ grows wild. I have never seen it in my Eastern Province peregrinations.... Its colour varies very much, from pale golden daffodil tint to pure white, and is either with or without purplish stains on the outside of the perianth-segments. Here, at the Hort. C.B.S., we paid much attention to this lovely bulb, grew it year after year, roguing out all the yellow and purple-stained individuals and sowing the whitest. This is the ‘_Freesia refracta alba_’ of gardens.”

This note gives the origin of _F. refracta_ var. _alba_, Baker, _Handb. Irid._ p. 167, which should now be called _F. Sparrmannii_ var. _alba_, for it certainly is not the same as the true _F. refracta_, and Thunberg’s original name must be upheld.

The plant here figured is doubtless the pale golden form mentioned by MacOwan, and it differs from the yellow-flowered _F. xanthospila_ by the very long slender part of its perianth-tube.--N. E. BROWN.

Our illustration was made from specimens grown in the Gardens of the Division of Botany from bulbs presented by Mr. J. Shand, of Ladismith, Cape Province.

DESCRIPTION:--_Corm_ about 4 cm. long, 3 cm. in diameter, produced into a short neck and densely covered with fibres. _Leaves_ basal, 6-8 cm. long, ·5-1 cm. broad, acute, somewhat sheathing at the base, glabrous. _Peduncle_ 9·5 cm. long, with the upper portion bent at a right angle. _Spathe-valves_ 1 cm. long, ovate, subacuminate, acute, membranous in the upper portion. _Perianth-tube_ 5·2 cm. long, 1·2 cm. in diameter above, campanulate in the upper portion and becoming slenderly tubular in the lower half, yellow; lobes 1·2 cm. long, 1 cm. broad, ovate-oblong, or subrotund, rounded above, yellow. _Style_ 5-6 cm. long, filiform, 6-lobed; lobes 5 mm. long, linear, somewhat spathulate at the apex.--E. PERCY PHILLIPS.

* * * * *

PLATE 11.--Fig. 1, anther; Fig. 2, style arms.

F.P.S.A., 1921.

K. A. Lansdell del.

CRASSULA FALCATA, WILLD.]

PLATE 12.

CRASSULA FALCATA.

_Cape Province._

* * * * *

CRASSULACEAE.

CRASSULA, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. i. p. 657.

* * * * *

=Crassula falcata=, _Wendland, Bot. Beobachtungen_, p. 44 (1798), _Willd. Enum._ p. 341 (1809); _Fl. Cap._ vol. ii. p. 338.

* * * * *

Among rock plants there are few which equal this fine _Crassula_ for brilliant colouring. It is easy to propagate and flowers freely. The species is common in the Eastern Province, and is found in flower during the month of June. The specimen from which our illustration is made was collected by Mr. P. J. Pienaar at Grahamstown and flowered in the Gardens of the Division of Botany.

DESCRIPTION:--_Stem_ succulent, 30-55 cm. high, simple. _Leaves_ connate at the base, fleshy, 6-9 cm. long, 1·5-2·5 cm. broad, decreasing in size upwards, obliquely falcate, obtuse, glaucous. _Peduncle_ reddish in colour. _Inflorescence_ a dense trichotomous cyme. _Calyx-lobes_ 3 mm. long, ovate or oblong, obtuse, canescent. _Petals_ 1 cm. long, connate at the base; lobes linear-lanceolate, subobtuse. _Stamens_ nearly as long as the petals. _Styles_ 5, subulate. _Squamae_ minute.

* * * * *

PLATE 12.--Fig. 1, carpels and squamae × 5.

F.P.S.A., 1921.

K.A. Lansdell del.

CLIVIA MINIATA. HEGEL.]

PLATE 13.

CLIVIA MINIATA.

_Natal._

* * * * *

AMARYLLIDACEAE. Tribe AMARYLLEAE.

CLIVIA, _Lindl._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 729.

* * * * *

=Clivia miniata=, _Regel, Gartenflora_♀, 1864, p. 131, t. 434; _Fl. Cap._ vol. vi. p. 229.

_Imantophyllum_ (?) _miniatum, Hook. Bot. Mag._ t. 4783.

* * * * *

This species, indigenous to Natal, represents only one of many of our native plants, which have been brought to the notice of horticulturists by English Nurserymen. A living plant was exhibited at a meeting of the Horticultural Society in February 1854 by Messrs. Backhouse, who imported the plant from Natal. The specimen from which our illustration was made was collected by Miss K. A. Lansdell at Ifafa on the South Coast of Natal. The species is a shade lover, and is usually found flowering in the shelter of rocks and trees. The size and number of the flowers have been much improved by cultivation, and several hybrids have been raised from the species. The flowers may vary in colour from a red to a yellowish-red.

DESCRIPTION:--_Rootstock_ a fleshy rhizome, 1·5-2 cm. in diameter, with numerous fleshy cylindrical roots. _Leaves_ many, 40-50 cm. long, 5-6·5 cm. broad, strap-shaped, acute, slightly narrowed at the base, the leaf bases forming a distinct swelling just above the rhizome, glabrous, bright green. _Peduncles_ shorter than the leaves, compressed, sharply 2-edged. _Inflorescence_ a 12-20-flowered umbel. _Spathe-valves_ 4 cm. long, 7-8 mm. broad, ovate-oblong, membranous. _Floral bracts_ 2·5 cm. long, linear. _Flowers_ erect. _Perianth_ divided almost to the base; tube about 5 mm. long; segments 5-7 cm. long; the inner 1·1 om. and the outer 1·8-2·1 cm. broad at the widest part, oblanceolate; the inner emarginate; the outer minutely thickened at the apex; all obtuse, gradually narrowed to a claw; bright red, with white margins at the lower half. _Stamens_ included; filaments compressed; anthers linear, versatile. _Ovary_ 5-6 mm. long; ellipsoid, bluntly 3-angled; style slender, as long as the perianth; stigma trifid, sometimes bifid. _Fruit_ a bright red berry, globose, 1·5 cm. in diameter. _Seeds_ 1 or few, subglobose.

* * * * *

PLATE 13.--Fig. 1, section of peduncle; Fig. 2, bract; Fig. 3,
transverse section of ovary; Fig. 4, style and stigmas; Fig. 5,
fruit.

F.P.S.A., 1921.

K. A. Lansdell del.

GARDENIA GLOBOSA, THUNB.]

PLATE 14.

GARDENIA GLOBOSA.

_Cape Province, Natal._

* * * * *

RUBIACEAE. Tribe GARDENIEAE.

GARDENIA, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. ii. p. 89.

* * * * *

=Gardenia globosa=, _Hochst. in Flora_, 1842, p. 237; _Bot. Mag._ t.
4791; _Harv. Thes. Cap._ p. 4, t. 5; _Fl. Cap._ vol. iii. p. 5;
_Wood, Natal Plants_, vol. iv. t. 376.

* * * * *

This handsome plant is a shrub or sometimes becomes a small tree, and is without doubt one of our finest native flowering shrubs. It is common in Natal, where it flowers in early spring and summer. The large fragrant bell-shaped flowers are produced in great profusion and give to the plant a very striking appearance. The species has been known to European cultivation for over sixty years, but is usually grown in the greenhouse. It is frequently seen in gardens in Durban, Natal, and specimens have been grown in Queens Park, East London, but the plant has not received the attention from South African horticulturists which it deserves.

Our illustration was made from specimens collected by Miss K. A. Lansdell in the Stella bush near Durban, Natal. The native name is “Isi-Qoba.”

DESCRIPTION:--A _shrub_ or small tree. _Branches_ with dark-coloured bark, glabrous. _Leaves_ opposite; petioles 3-5 mm. long; blade 5-15 cm. long, 2-3·5 cm. broad, lanceolate or sometimes oblanceolate, obtuse or acute, gradually tapering to the base, entire, with a prominent reddish mid-rib beneath, glabrous; stipules about one-third of the length of the petiole, ovate, acuminate, minutely pubescent, soon deciduous. _Flowers_ terminal, axillary or clustered. _Pedicels_ 1-2 mm. long, minutely pubescent. _Calyx_ 3-4 mm. long, minutely pubescent and glandular without, silky within; tube campanulate; lobes acute. _Corolla_ white, usually with 5 faint pink lines within, which may become darker near the base and broader on the lobes, sometimes spotted; tube 2-5 cm. long, 1-8 cm. in diameter above, campanulate, suddenly constricted and narrowed above the calyx, minutely pubescent without, densely tomentose within; lobes spreading, half as long as the tube. _Anthers_ linear. _Ovary_ 1-celled, with numerous ovules; stigmas white or pink. _Fruit_ a brown berry, crowned with the persistent calyx-lobes, many seeded. _Seeds_ minute, immersed in the fleshy parietal placentas.

PLATE 14.--Fig. 1, style arms; Fig. 2, fruit.

F.P.S.A., 1921.

K. A. Lansdell del.

RICHARDIA REHMANNI. ENGL.]

PLATE 15.

RICHARDIA REHMANNI.

_Natal, Transvaal, Swaziland._

* * * * *

AROIDEAE. Tribe PHILODENDREAE.

RICHARDIA, _Kunth_; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 982.

* * * * *

=Richardia Rehmanni=, _N.E. Br. in Gard. Chron._ 1888, vol. iv. p. 570; _Bot. Mag._ t. 7436; _Fl. Cap._ vol. vii. p. 36; _Wood, Natal Plants_, vol. vi. t. 512.

* * * * *

This species was first collected by the traveller Rehmann and described by Engler in 1883 as _Zantedeschia Rehmanni_. Among English horticulturists the plant attracted a lot of attention, and was several times referred to in the _Gardener’s Chronicle_. The chief attraction to cultivators is the deep red colour of the spathes, but when grown in English gardens and also in its native climate, the colour varies considerably. Dr. Medley Wood notes that at the Natal Herbarium, Durban, the original deep red colour returned to the plants after being cultivated fifteen years. This loss of colour, however, does not appear to be constant among plants which flowered for the first time at the Division of Botany Gardens, Pretoria, from tubers which were sent by S. G. Marwick, Esq., Assistant Commissioner, Hlatikulu, Swaziland. In these the colour ranged from pale pink to deep red. After fertilization, however, and during the formation of the fruits the colour gradually fades from the spathes and they become green. The species was introduced into England by Mr. R. W. Adlam of Natal, who sent tubers to the Cambridge Botanic Gardens. The leaves vary from a uniform green to green with white markings, or green with darker green markings.

Our illustration was made from specimens cultivated at the Natal Herbarium, Durban, Natal.

DESCRIPTION:--_Plant_ about 0·5 metre high. _Leaves_ 3-5, the lower reduced to mere sheaths; petiole 15-30 cm. long, deeply channelled down the face, rounded on the back, stem-clasping at the base; blade 40-60 cm. long, 6-8 cm. broad, lanceolate, acute, with a subulate point, narrowed at the base into the petiole, entire, with undulating margins, and the mid-rib prominent beneath, dark green, sometimes with white, sometimes with green markings, shining. _Peduncle_ shorter than the leaves, terete, glabrous, olive-green. _Spathe_ 10-15 cm. long, with a tube 4-5 cm. long and 1·8-2 cm. in diameter, with an ovate acuminate limb, varying in colour from almost white to a deep rose or aster purple (R.C.S.) in the upper portion, greenish-yellow below, without a dark blotch round the base of the spadix. _Spadix_ stout, with male flowers on the upper half and female flowers on the lower half. _Ovary_ glabrous; stigma sessile. _Fruit_ a berry. _Seeds_ subglobose.

* * * * *

PLATE 15.--Fig. 1, plant, reduced; Fig. 2, spadix; Fig. 3, ovary.

F.P.S.A., 1921.

K. A. Lansdell del.

ADENIUM MULTIFLORUM, KLOTZ.]

PLATE 16.

ADENIUM MULTIFLORUM.

_Transvaal, Zululand, Portuguese East Africa._

* * * * *

APOCYNACEAE. Tribe ECHITIDEAE.

ADENIUM, _R. & S._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. 2, p. 722.

* * * * *

=Adenium multiflorum=, _Klotzch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot._ p. 279, t. xliv., _Fl. Cap._ vol. 4, sect. 1, p. 514.

* * * * *

The specimen from which our illustration was made is growing in the Gardens of the Division of Botany, Pretoria, and was presented by Mr. A. E. Antrobus, Cloud’s End, Louis Trichard, in the Zoutpansberg District. The flowers appeared in September before the leaves, which only made their appearance the following month. The species does very well on a rockery, and when it flowers is a very pleasing sight.

DESCRIPTION:--A plant with a very large tuber just below the ground-level and from which the branches spring. _Branches_ more or less succulent, glabrous. _Leaves_ appearing after the flowers, sub-sessile, 3·5-9 cm. long, 1·5-6·5 cm. broad, obovate, obtuse, narrowed to the base, dark green and very shiny above, pale green and dull beneath, with the mid-rib and lateral veins distinct above, the mid-rib alone prominent beneath. _Inflorescence_ cymose, up to 5-flowered, terminal. _Sepals_ lanceolate, pilose. _Corolla-tube_ about 3 cm. long, 1·2 cm. broad above, tubular below, pilose without and within on the broadened portion; lobes, 1·7-2·5 cm. long, about 1 cm. broad, elliptic-oblong, or obovate, shortly acuminate, acute, with crinkled edges, usually sparsely pubescent on the upper portion, pink, with dark red margins. _Anthers_ densely villous.

* * * * *

PLATE 16.--Fig. 1, plant, reduced; Fig. 2, leaf; Fig. 3, calyx;
Fig. 4, stamen; Fig. 5, pistil.

F.P.S.A., 1921.

K. A. Lansdell del.

ALOE PIENAARII, POLE EVANS.]

PLATE 17.

ALOE PIENAARII.

_Transvaal._

* * * * *

LILIACEAE. Tribe ALOINEAE.

ALOE, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 776.

* * * * *

=Aloe Pienaarii=, _Pole Evans in Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr._ vol. v. p. 27, t. vi. vii.

* * * * *

This species was first collected by Mr. P. J. Pienaar at Smit’s Drift, near Pietersburg, in January 1914, where it is very common on and around the isolated granite kopjes, though it also occurs in the open flat country. A number of plants were obtained for the gardens of the Union Buildings at Pretoria, where they have been established, and specimens are also growing in the Aloe collection at the Division of Botany Gardens, Pretoria. The species flowers from May to July.

DESCRIPTION:--_Herb_, succulent, stemless. _Leaves_ 35-60 in a dense rosette, 60-80 cm. long, 12-15 cm. broad at the base, lanceolate-ensiform, acute, reddish-green or blueish, beset along the margins with small chestnut-coloured (R.C.S.) deltoid thorns 2 mm. long and 5-7 mm. apart. _Inflorescence_ 2-3 from the same rosette, copiously panicled, erect, 1·25-1·65 metres high, with about 8 arcuate-erect branches subtended at the base with deltoid-acuminate bracts; racemes densely flowered, 25-35 cm. long, cylindrical-conical. _Bracts_ at first densely imbricated, afterwards embracing the pedicels, 20 mm. long, 11 mm. broad, broadly ovate-acuminate, acute, many-nerved. _Pedicels_ erect, spreading, 15-20 mm. long, greenish-scarlet. _Perianth_ 35-38 mm. long, somewhat 3-angled and cylindrical, at first scarlet, greenish at the tips, becoming citron-yellow (R.C.S.) when open; outer segments shorter than the inner, free, acute; inner slightly recurved at the apex and more obtuse, and the lateral ones becoming compressed towards the apex so as to close the mouth of the tube. _Stamens_ just exserted; filaments bright chalcedony-yellow (R.C.S.); anthers grenadine-red (R.C.S.). _Capsule_ enclosed within the dry perianth, 20 mm. long, cylindrical-trigonous, woody. _Seeds_ 4-5 mm. long, irregular, narrowly winged.

* * * * *

PLATE 17.--Fig. 1, plant much reduced; Fig. 2, bract; Fig. 3,
stamen; Fig. 4, capsule.

F.P.S.A., 1921.

K. A. Lansdell del.

ALOE PRETORIENSIS, POLE EVANS.]

PLATE 18.

ALOE PRETORIENSIS.

_Transvaal._

* * * * *

LILIACEAE. Tribe ALOINAE.

ALOE, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f._ vol. iii. p. 776.

* * * * *

=Aloe pretoriensis=, _Pole Evans in Trans. S. Afr. Roy. Soc._ vol. v. p. 32, t. xii. xiii.

* * * * *

This handsome _Aloe_ occurs on the northern slopes of the hills around Pretoria, and is especially abundant on Meintjes’ Kop. It is also found near Lydenburg, at Barberton, the Premier Mine, and along the foot of the Lebombo range of mountains. The flowers usually appear in May, and when in flower the plants attract large numbers of brightly coloured sun-birds. The tall branched inflorescence forms the most striking feature of the plant, and when one compares it with that of _Aloe lineata_, which is unbranched and differs in many other important respects, it seems almost incredible that _A. pretoriensis_ should have been mistaken by so many botanists for _A. lineata_ as has been done.

DESCRIPTION:--_Stem_ short, sometimes reaching 1 metre in height, 8-12 cm. in diameter. _Leaves_ numerous, 30-60 in a dense rosette, arcuate-erect, 30-65 cm. long, 3-7 cm. broad at the base, 8-10 mm. thick, lanceolate, acuminate, acute, flat on the upper surface and slightly canaliculate towards the tip, convex beneath, light green or slightly glaucous, with the margins armed with red sharply pointed horny prickles 3-4 mm. long and 10-17 mm. apart, and in old leaves the tips withered and reddish in colour. _Inflorescence_ a lax panicle 2-3·5 metres high. _Peduncle_ stout with 2-8 ascending branches, subtended by deltoid-ovate bracts at the base; racemes dense, 15-50 cm. long, conical-cylindric. _Bracts_ at first densely imbricate, 15-20 mm. long, 10-12 mm. broad, ovate-deltoid, many veined. _Pedicels_ 20-25 mm. long, lengthening and becoming erect in the fruit. _Perianth_ pendulous, 40-43 mm. long, cylindrical, slightly swollen towards the middle and tapering upwards, peach-red (R.C.S.), with yellowish-green tips. _Stamens_ shortly exserted; filaments greenish-yellow; anthers reddish-brown. _Style_ shortly exserted. _Capsule_ greyish, enwrapped in the dry perianth, 15-18 mm. long, about 6 mm. in diameter, cylindrical, 3-angled. _Seeds_ dark, 2-5 mm. long, very narrowly 3-winged.

* * * * *

PLATE 18.--Fig. 1, plant much reduced; Fig. 2, part of a leaf,
natural size; Fig. 3, bract.

F.P.S.A., 1921.

K. A. Lansdell del.

CLERODENDRON TRIPHYLLUM, H.H.W. PEARSON.]

PLATE 19.

CLERODENDRON TRIPHYLLUM.

_Transvaal, Orange Free State, Natal, Zululand._

* * * * *

VERBENACEAE. Tribe VITICEAE.

CLERODENDRON, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. ii. p. 1155; _Fl. Cap._ vol. v. sect. 1, p. 220.

* * * * *

=Cyclonema triphyllum=, _Harv. Thes. Cap._ vol. i. p. 17, t. 27.

* * * * *

One of the charming spring plants found on the High Veld of the Transvaal and especially abundant after early winter veld fires. The corolla is of the same deep blue seen in many species of _Lobelia_, and the colour of the flowers makes the plant a conspicuous object in the veld. Our illustration was made from specimens collected by Dr. I. B. Pole Evans at Kaalfontein, between Pretoria and Germiston.

DESCRIPTION:--A low undershrub 12-60 cm. high. _Stems_ erect from an underground woody rootstock, angular, striate, usually puberulous at the nodes, glabrous when mature. _Leaves_ in whorls of 3 or 4, or opposite, sessile, 1·3-6 cm. long, 2-1·3 cm. broad, lanceolate or occasionally linear, acute or subacute, narrowed at the base, entire, glabrous, gland-dotted beneath. _Inflorescence_ a 1-3-flowered pedunculate axillary cyme. _Peduncles_ up to 2·6 cm. long, with 2 opposite lanceolate bracts near the summit. _Flowers_ pedicellate. _Calyx_ 3-7·5 mm. long, campanulate, 5-lobed, 5-ribbed, glabrous, with a tube equalling or slightly exceeding the ovate acute segments. _Corolla_ deep chicory-blue to royal purple (R.C.S.); tube 3-7·5 mm. long, bent, villous or glabrous at the throat; 4 upper lobes unequal, obliquely obovate or elliptic, obtuse; lower lobes obovate or oblong, exceeding the upper. _Stamens_ glabrous. _Fruit_ a 1-2-seeded drupe, 1-1·8 cm. long, 9-1·3 cm. in diameter, ovoid, smooth.

* * * * *

PLATE 19.--Fig. 1, fruit.

K. A. Lansdell del.

GLADIOLUS REHMANNI, BKR.]

PLATE 20.

GLADIOLUS REHMANNI.

_Transvaal._

* * * * *

IRIDACEAE. Tribe IXIEAE.

GLADIOLUS, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. 709.

* * * * *

=Gladiolus Rehmanni=, _Baker_; _Handb. Irid._ p. 216; _Fl. Cap._ vol. vi. p. 153.

* * * * *

This species of Gladiolus is here figured for the first time. Rehmann collected it between the Elands River and Klippan, and it was then lost sight of until rediscovered by Dr. I. B. Pole Evans at Nylstroom, Waterberg District, in February, 1917, and has now been established in the Gardens of the Division of Botany, Pretoria. We are indebted to Mrs. Frank Bolus for identification.

DESCRIPTION:--_Corm_ small, 2 cm. in diameter, subglobose, with light brown membranous tunics. _Leaves_ 4-6, basal, 30-60 cm. long, 1·2 cm. broad, linear, glabrous, rigid, with prominent ribs. _Peduncle_, including the inflorescence, 60-65 cm. long. _Spike_ 20-25 cm. long, lax. _Outer spathe-valve_ 7-9 cm. long, oblong-lanceolate, at first bright green, then turning to dark slate-violet (R.C.S.). _Perianth_ white to pale mauve (not red as stated in the _Flora Capensis_); tube curved, 2-2·5 cm. long, funnel-shaped in the upper half; lobes 4-4·5 cm. long, the 3 upper 2-2·3 cm. broad, obovate-spathulate; the 3 lower 1·8 cm. broad, oblong, with yellow-green markings at the throat. _Filaments_ arcuate; anthers purple. _Style_ filiform, with 3 cuneate stigmas.

* * * * *

PLATE 20.--Fig. 1, bulb and leaves, reduced; Fig. 2, outer
spathe-valve; Fig. 3, stamens, front and side view; Fig. 4, apex of
style with stigmas.

F.P.S.A., 1921.

K. A. Lansdell del.

PACHYPODIUM SUCCULENTUM.]

PLATE 21.

PACHYPODIUM SUCCULENTUM.

_Cape Province._

* * * * *

APOCYNACEAE. Tribe ECHITIDEAE.

PACHYPODIUM, _Lindl._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. ii. p. 722.

* * * * *

=Pachypodium succulentum=, _DC., Prodr._ vol. viii. p. 424; _Fl.
Cap._ vol. iv. sect. 1, p. 517.

_Pachypodium tuberosum, Lindl., Bot. Reg._ t. 1321.

* * * * *

The species of Pachypodium figured in our illustration was first described by the famous traveller, Carl Thunberg, in the year 1794. Thunberg gathered his plants, on which he based his description, between the Gouritz and Sundays River. The name he gave to the species was _Echites succulenta_. Robert Brown, in 1909, surmised that the plant placed by Thunberg in the genus Echites would most likely constitute a distinct genus, and in 1830 Lindley confirmed this, and founded the genus _Pachypodium_ upon, and gave an excellent figure of, this species of _Pachypodium_ in the _Botanical Register_, at t. 1321, but gave it a new specific name, which is omitted from the _Flora Capensis_.

Our present illustration was made from specimens growing on the rockeries of the Division of Botany, Pretoria, which were presented by Mr. Silvesta of Port Elizabeth.

DESCRIPTION:--Plants with a very large tuberous stem, partly above ground, with several semi-succulent branches arising from the upper portion of the tuber. _Branches_ with a waxy covering, glabrous or finely hairy when young. _Leaves_ in fascicles, 1-4 cm. long, 2-6 mm. broad, linear or linear-lanceolate, obtuse, with recurved margins, green and pubescent above, paler and tomentose below. _Spines_ arising in groups of 2-3 from an evident cushion, the two lateral spines longer and spreading, the medium spine shorter and erect, sometimes absent. _Flowers_ terminal. _Calyx_ campanulate; lobes narrowly lanceolate, acute, densely pubescent. _Corolla_ twisted in bud; 1-1·5 cm. long, cylindric, pubescent; lobes 1·5 cm. long, 1 cm. broad, obovate, narrowed into a distinct claw, pale pink with dark-red markings. Fruit 6-8 cm. long, spindle-shaped, pubenulous.

* * * * *

PLATE 21.--Fig. 1, plant much reduced; Fig. 2, calyx; Fig. 3,
stamen; Fig. 4, style and stigma.

F.P.S.A., 1921.

K. A. Lansdell del.

PROTEA ABYSSINICA.]

PLATE 22.

PROTEA ABYSSINICA.

_Transvaal, Rhodesia._

* * * * *

PROTEACEAE. Tribe PROTEEAE.

PROTEA, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 169.

* * * * *

=Protea abyssinica=, _Willd. Sp. Pl._ vol. i. p. 522; _Fl. Cap._ vol. v. sect. 1, p. 581.

* * * * *

The Protea illustrated here is a very common species on the hillsides in the neighbourhood of Pretoria. It sometimes attains a height of 15 feet, is much branched, and has no distinct trunk. We have no record of the species occurring further south, but it certainly extends into Rhodesia, and perhaps--though we have some doubt on this point--into Abyssinia. The species was first described by the botanist Willdenow, under the present specific name in 1797, and he based his description on a figure which appeared in Bruce’s _Travels to discover the Source of the Nile_, which was published in 1790. The point as to whether the Transvaal plant is the same species as that figured by Bruce needs further investigation.

The specimens from which the figure was made were collected by Miss I. C. Verdoorn at Waterkloof, near Pretoria.

DESCRIPTION:--_Branches_ glabrous. _Leaves_ 7-15·5 cm. long, ·8-2·2 cm. broad, narrowly oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, subacute or obtuse, narrowing to the base, coriaceous, glabrous. _Inflorescence_, 6·3 cm. long, and about 6·3 cm. in diameter when expanded, narrowed into a short scaly stipe. _Involucral-bracts_ 11-seriate, silky; the inner oblong, concave, shorter than the flowers. _Perianth_ with three small teeth at the apex, densely hairy. _Ovary_ covered with a dense tuft of long hairs; style 4·5 cm. long, more or less curved; stigma slightly bent at the junction with the style.

* * * * *

F.P.S.A., 1921.

K. A. Lansdell del.

BOLUSANTHUS SPECIOSUS, HARMS.]

PLATE 23.

BOLUSANTHUS SPECIOSUS.

_Transvaal, Rhodesia, Portuguese East Africa._

* * * * *

LEGUMINOSAE. Tribe SOPHOREAE.

BOLUSANTHUS, _Harms in Fedde Repert. Nov. Sp._ vol. ii. p. 14 (1906).

* * * * *

=Bolusanthus speciosus=, _Harms. l.c._

_Lonchocarpus speciosus_, _Bolus in Journ. Linn. Soc._ vol. xxv. p. 161 (1889).

* * * * *

This remarkable and handsome leguminous plant was collected by the late Dr. Bolus near the Komati River Drift in 1886, and described by him as _Lonchocarpus speciosus_. Dr. Harms of Berlin, when examining a collection of Rhodesian plants, came across the same species on which he founded the genus _Bolusanthus_. The free stamens would indicate that it is not a species of _Lonchocarpus_.

Our illustration was made from material collected by Dr. Pole Evans at Chunies Poort, Transvaal, in October, 1919. The tree, which frequently reaches a height of 30-40 feet, is locally known as “Van Wyk’s Hout,” or “Wild Wisteria.” It is frequent along the northern foothills of the Zoutpansberg range of mountains and in the low veld bush country along the Selati River. When in full bloom it is one of the most beautiful sights seen in the veld, and is a species which should certainly be introduced into cultivation.

DESCRIPTION:--Tree up to 30-40 ft. high. _Branchlets_ pubescent. _Leaves_ 10-27 cm. long; leaflets petiolate; petiole 5 mm. long; leaflet 2·5-7·5 cm. long, ·5-2·5 cm. broad, ovate-elliptic or lanceolate, very often sub-falcate, long-acuminate, acute, oblique at the base, villous when young, becoming pubescent with age. _Inflorescence_ a raceme 14-20 cm. long; rachis pubescent. _Pedicels_ up to 2 cm. long, pubescent. _Calyx_ 7 mm. long, densely tomentose. _Corolla_ dark blue; vexillum 1·5 cm. long, about 1·3 cm. broad, obovate; alae 1·3 cm. long, carina as long as the alae. _Stamens_ free. _Ovary_ linear, densely pubescent. _Fruit_ up to 7 cm. long, 1-1·2 cm. broad, linear-oblong.

* * * * *

PLATE 23.--Fig. 1, branch with flowers; Fig. 2, leaf; Fig. 3,
legumes; Fig. 4, calyx; Fig. 5, vexillum; Fig. 6, alae; Fig. 7,
carina; Fig. 8, ovary.

F.P.S.A., 1921.

K. A. Lansdell del.

ACOKANTHERA SPECTABILIS, HOOK. F.]

PLATE 24.

ACOKANTHERA SPECTABILIS.

_Cape Province, Natal._

* * * * *

APOCYNACEAE. Tribe CARISSEAE.

ACOKANTHERA, _G. Don._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. ii. p. 696.

* * * * *

=Acokanthera spectabilis=, _Hook. f. Bot. Mag._ t. 6359; _Fl. Cap._ vol. 4, sect. 1, p. 501.

* * * * *

The above figure in the _Botanical Magazine_ was published in 1878, and together with the description which accompanied it was the first recognition that the so-called “Gift Boom” of the Eastern Province consisted of two distinct species. The plant from which the figure in the _Botanical Magazine_ was made, flowered at Kew Gardens in 1878. Mr. T. R. Sim states that he cannot distinguish _A. spectabilis_, Hook. from _A. venenata_, G. Don., but regards it as an eastern coastal form. The plant is reputed to be extremely poisonous, and as the fruits are so attractive-looking, it makes the species also a dangerous one. In habit our plant is an evergreen shrub which lends itself to cultivation in the shrubbery; the flowers are very fragrant, and even in fruit the shrub does not lose its beauty, as the dark purple fruits show up conspicuously against the green leaves. The specimen figured here was presented by Mr. J. W. Wickens from the Garden of the Union Buildings, Pretoria.

DESCRIPTION:--Shrub 4-10 ft. high. _Branches_ glabrous. _Leaves_ shortly petioled; petioles 6 mm. long; lamina 7-10 cm. long, 2·2-4 cm. broad, elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, acute, narrowed at the base, glabrous, with the mid-rib distinct below and sunken above. _Flowers_ in many-flowered clusters. _Calyx_ 5-lobed almost to the base, pubescent. _Corolla-tube_ 2 cm. long, narrowly cylindric, pubescent outside, hairy within at the throat; lobes 4 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, elliptic, rounded at the apex. Anthers ovate in outline, with a few hairs at the apex. Style 1·4 mm. long, cylindric; stigma subglobose, with a few hairs at the apex.

[_A. spectabilis_ is very easily distinguished from _A. venenata_ by its longer petioles, usually larger size, and less elliptic shape and different venation of its leaves, the veins (at least in the dried state) being far less prominent and less ascending than they are in _A. venenata_, and the flowers are much larger, the corolla-tube of _A. spectabilis_ being 14-20 mm. long, whilst those of _A. venenata_ are only 8-12 mm. long. Dried specimens show no intermediates.--N. E. BROWN.]

* * * * *

PLATE 24.--Fig. 1, calyx; Fig. 2, corolla in section; Fig. 3,
stamen; Fig. 4, stigma.

F.P.S.A., 1921.

K. A. Lansdell del.

CYRTANTHUS SANGUINEUS, HOOK.]

PLATE 25.

CYRTANTHUS SANGUINEUS.

_Cape Province, Transkei, Natal._

* * * * *

AMARYLLIDEAE. Tribe AMARYLLEAE.

CYRTANTHUS, _Ait._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 729.

* * * * *

=Cyrtanthus sanguineus=, _Hook. in Bot. Mag._ t. 5218; _Fl. Cap._ vol. vi. p. 227.

* * * * *

This species was imported into England from Kaffraria by Messrs. Backhouse, and presented by them to the Horticultural Society of London in 1846. Two years later, in the _Journal_ of the Society, Dr. Lindley described the plant, and the description was accompanied by a woodcut. In 1860 a plant flowered in the greenhouse at Kew, and was figured and described in the _Botanical Magazine_, t. 5218, by Hooker. The specimens from which the present illustration was made were gathered by Miss K. A. Lansdell at Krantzkloof, Natal. The plant is known as the “Kei Lily.”

DESCRIPTION:--Bulb about 4·5 cm. long, ovoid, produced into a distinct neck, with parchment-like scales. Leaves 1-4, contemporary with the flowers, 22-30 cm. long, ·5-2 cm. broad, linear, obtuse, narrowed more or less suddenly in the lowermost third to form a petiole, glabrous. _Peduncle_ 12-26 cm. long, bearing 1-2 flowers. _Spathes_ two, 4-6·5 cm. long, tapering into a long appendage from a broadened base. _Pedicels_ up to 2 cm. long, glabrous. _Perianth-tube_ 4-6 cm. long, campanulate in the upper half, cylindric in the lower half; lobes 4 cm. long, 1·8 cm. broad, ovate, acuminate, acute, with the apices of the outer lobes inflexed and forming a small hood. _Stigmas_ with minute papillae on their inner faces.

* * * * *

PLATE 25.--Fig. 1, portion of apex of perianth-lobe; Fig. 2, upper
portion of style showing stigmas.

F.S.P.A., 1921.

K. A. Lansdell del.

STAPELIA GETTLEFFII, POTT.]

PLATE 26.

STAPELIA GETTLEFFII.

_Transvaal._