Chapter XV: Book I: contains political hist. of Constantinople from 1391 to 1578 (2)

First chapter contains an illuminating résumé of relations between Byzantium and Serbia in middle of 14th cent.

RASMUSSEN, JANUS LASSEN. _Annales islamismi, sive tabulae synchronistochronologicae Chaliforum et regum orientis et occidentis._ Copenhagen, 1825, sm. 4to. Contains, pp. 61-134, trans. of Ahmed ben Yussuf, _Historia Turcarum, Karamanorum, Selgiukudarum, Asiae Minoris_, &c.

RAYNALDUS, ODERICUS. _Annales ecclesiastici ... Baronii ... ab anno 1198._ Tomes xiii-xxi. Rome, 1646-77. 9 vols. fol. Lucca, 1746-56. 15 vols. fol.

There have been so many editions, abridgements, and translations of the _Annales_ that I have given my references to this work _under the year_, so that any edition might be consulted.

RAYNAUD, GASTON. Editor of Froissart, and, with Michelant, of the Jerusalem Itineraries.

RAYNAUD, FURCY. French trans. of Heyd’s _Levantehandelsgeschichte_.

REINAUD, J. T. French trans. of Abulfeda.

REINECCIUS, REINER. Editor of Helmoldus and Arnold of Lübeck.

REISKE, JO. JACOB. Latin trans. of Abulfeda and Chronological Tables of Hadji Khalfa; editor of Drechsler.

RÉMUSAT, ABEL. _Recherches sur les langues tartares._ Paris, 1820, 4to.

RENNELL, J. _Treatise of the Comparative Geography of Western Asia._ Vol. i. Asia Minor. London, 1831, 8vo.

RESHIDEDDIN, FADHL ALLAH. _Djami ut Tevarikh._ Hist. of the Mongols of Persia. Quatremère trans. into French the first part, Paris, 1836, la. fol. Erdmann trans. into German the review of the various tribes of Asia at accession of Djenghiz Khan, with account of their origin. Kasan, 1841. In his German life of Timur, pp. 172-84, Erdmann practically repeats this portion verbatim.

The earlier portion of Abul-Ghazi is practically an abridgement of Reshid.

REUSNER, NICHOLAS. _Epistolarum Turcicarum variorum et diversorum authorum libri XIV._ Frankfort, 1598-9. 4 vols. 4to.

‘in quibus Epistolae de rebus Turcicis summorum pontificum, imperatorum, regum, principum ... ad nostra tempora leguntur.’

REZ, PETER VON. Lament for defeat of Nicopolis, in Liliencron.

RICAUT, PAUL. _A History of the Present State of the Ottoman Empire containing the Political maxims of the Turks, their religion_, &c. 5th ed. London, 1682, fol. 6th ed., ibid., 1693. 2 vols. 8vo. French trans. by Briot. Amsterdam, 1678, 16mo; 1696, sm. 8vo, with 16 engravings. Italian trans. by Costi Belli. 2nd ed. Venice, 1673, 4to.

RICHER, CHRISTOPHER. _De rebus Turcarum ad Franciscum Gallorum regem Christianissimum._ Paris, 1540, 8vo. (Liber I. De origine Turcarum et Ottomanni imperio. Liber III. De Tamerlanis et Parthi rebus gestis.)

RICOLDUS. _See_ my note to Anon. _De ritu et moribus Turcarum._

RIEU, C. P. H. 1. _Catalogue of Persian MSS. in British Museum._ London, 1879-83. 3 vols.

2. Supplement to above. London, 1895.

3. _Catalogue of Turkish MSS. in the British Museum._ London, 1888.

RODD, SIR RENNELL. _The Princes of Achaia and the Chronicles of Morea: a Study of Greece in the Middle Ages._ London, 1907. 2 vols. 8vo.

Excellent map of mediaeval Greece.

ROMANIN, SAMUELE. _Storia documentata di Venezia._ Venice, 1853-61. 10 vols. 8vo.

For attempts of Venice in 14th cent. to league Christians against the Turks, vols. iii and iv.

RONCIÈRE. Editor, in collab. with Dorez, of fragments of Marino Sanudo.

ROSEN, BARON VICTOR. 1. _Notices sommaires des MSS. arabes du Musée asiatique._ Petrograd, 1881.

2. _Remarques sur les MSS. orientaux de la col. de Marsigli à Bologna._ Paris, 1884, 4to.

RYMER, THOMAS. _Foedera, conventions, literae ... acta publica inter reges Angliae et alios ... ab 1101 ... ad nostra ... tempora._ Editio tertia. Revised from original MSS. in Tower of London, by George Holmes. London, 1739-45. 12 vols., la. fol.

* * * * *

SABELLICUS, ANTONIUS. In Lonicerus, fol. 105-12.

SAFAŘÍK, IVAN. 1. _Elenchus actorum spectantium ad historiam Serborum et reliquorum Slavorum meridionalium ... quae in archivo Venetiarum reperiuntur._ Belgrade, 1858, 4to.

The notes are in Servian, but with Latin translation.

2. _Acta archivii Veneti spectantia ad historiam Serborum._ Belgrade, 1860.

SAFAŘÍK, PAUL JOSEPH. _Slovanské Starořitnosti._ Prague, 1837, 4to. Trans. under title _Slawische Alterthümer_ by Moses von Aehrenfeld, with notes by Heinrich Wuttke. Leipzig, 1843-4. 2 vols. 8vo.

SAGREDO, GIOVANNI. _Memorie istoriche de’ monarchi ottomani._ Venice, 1676, fol.; 1688, 4to.

The first of modern writers who, though acquainted with Ottoman ‘sources’, deliberately prefers to follow the Byzantine writers who were contemporary.

SAGUNDINO, NICHOLAS. _See_ Secundinus.

SAID. _Ghulcheni-Méarif._ Hist. of Ott. Emp. from foundation to 1774. In 2 vols.

SALABERRY, DE. _Hist. de l’Emp. ott. depuis sa fondation jusqu’à ... 1792._ Avec des pièces justificatives. Paris, 1813. 4 vols. 8vo.

SALADIN, H. Manuel d’Art musulman. Vol. i. _L’architecture._ Paris, 1907, 8vo.

SALCON, NICOLAS. French trans. of Hayton.

SAMBUCUS, JOANNES (of Tirnovo). _Reges Ungariae ab anno 401-1567 uersibus descripti._ In Bonfinius, fol. 891-6.

SANGINETTI, B. R. French trans., in collab. with Ch. Défréméry, of Ibn Batutah.

SANSOVINO, FRANCESCO. 1. _Gli annali turcheschi o vero vita de’principi della casa athomana._ First edition. Venice, 1568, 4to. Edition from which I quote is Venice, 1573, 4to.

2. _Historia universale dell’ origine et imperio de’ Turchi, nella quale si contengono la origine, etc., de’ Turchi._ Venice, 1654. 2 vols., la. 8vo.

A collection of various writers on the Ottoman Empire.

SANUTO, MARINO (TORSELLO). 1. Memorial to King of France urging crusade, 1321. Written in French. In Bongars, _Gesta Dei per Francos_, ii. 5.

2. Letters published by Dorez and Roncière in _Bibl. de l’Ecole des Chartes_ (1895), lvi. 34-44.

3. _Secreta fidelium crucis._ In Bongars, vol. ii. _See also_ thesis of Postansque, and study by Kunstmann. Four books, written between 1306 and 1321, urging a crusade. Book III trans. into English by Aubrey Stewart, in Palestine Pilgrims’ Text Society, vol. xii, London, 1896, 8vo.

SANUTO, MARINO (THE YOUNGER). 1. _Vite de’ Duchi di Venezia._ (1421-93.) In Muratori, xxii. 399-1252.

2. _Diarii._ Ed. by Gugl. Berchet. Venice, 1877-1900. 56 vols. 4to.

I have given the younger Sanuto’s work here, because he is so often confused with the elder.

SARRE, FRIEDRICH. _Reise in Kleinasien, Sommer 1895. Forschungen zur seldjukischen Kunst und Geographie des Landes._ 76 Tafeln. Map by Kiepert. Berlin, 1896, la. 8vo.

SATHAS, C. N. 1. _Documents inédits relatifs à l’hist. de la Grèce au moyen âge (1400-1500)._ Paris, 1880-1. 2 vols. 4to. Maps of Crete, the Aegean, and Sea of Marmora in 15th cent. I. contains Canc. Secreta, 208 doc., from 1402 to 1500; II. Misti, 549 doc., from 1400 to 1412.

2. Τουρκοκρατουμένη Έλλάς. Athens, 1869.

3. Edited and trans., in collab. with Miller, the Cyprus chronicle of Macairas.

4. _Bibliotheca graeca medii aevi._ 6 vols. I-III, Venice, 1872-3; IV-VI, Paris, 1874-7.

SAULI, LUIGI. _Della colonia Genovesi in Galata._ Turin, 1831. 2 vols. 8vo.

The valuable information in these volumes is practically without dates, and there is no index.

SCHAFFARIK, JANKO. _See_ Safařík, Ivan.

SCHÉFER, CHARLES. French trans. of portion of Ibn Bibi. Editor, with copious notes, of Bertrandon de la Broquière, Spandugino, and a portion of Geuffraeus. His collection of oriental MSS. has recently enriched the Bibliothèque Nationale. The catalogue of his library, published in 1903 by H. Welter, Paris, is an addition to the bibliography of Oriental history, geography, and philology.

SCHILTBERGER, JOHANNES. _Gefangenschaft in der Turckey._ Frankfort, 1557, 4to. Best modern German edition is: Ed. by K. Fr. Neumann under title _Reisen des Johannes Schiltberger._ Munich, 1859, 8vo. (Hammer used earlier reprint of Munich MS., _Reise in den Orient_, Munich, 1813.) English trans. by J. Buchan Telfer, R.N., with notes by Prof. P. Bruun of Odessa, published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1879, 8vo, under title _The Bondage and Travels of Johann Schiltberger_.

SCHLUMBERGER, G. _Numismatique de l’Orient latin._ Paris, 1878, 4to.

SCHMITT, JOHN, Editor. The chronicle of Morea. Τὸ Χρονικὸν τοῦ Μορέως. (From the Copenhagen and Paris MSS.) London, 1904, 8vo.

SCHÖNHERR, G. Collab., with Pór, A., in the latest authoritative Hungarian history covering the 14th century.

pp. 478-90: Monnaies d’Imitation à légendes latines frappées par les princes ou émirs turcomans du Saroukhan, d’Aïdin, et de Mentesché.

SCHULZ, C. G. _Geschichte des osmanischen Reichs._ Leipzig, 1772, 8vo.

SCHWANDTNER, J. G., editor. _Scriptores rerum Hungaricarum veteres ac genuini._ Tomus i. Vienna, 1746, fol.

SCHWICKER, J. H. German trans. of Kállay.

SEADEDDIN, MOHAMMED BEN HASSAN (KHODJA EFFENDI). _Tajul-Tevarikh._ The Crown of Histories. Constantinople, 1862. 2 vols. 4to. Of this most celebrated Ottoman historian, whose chronicle covers from the origin of the family, there are translations as follows:

1. BRATUTTI, VICENZO. _Cronica dell’ origine e progressi della casa ottomana, composta da Saidino Turco._ Parte prima, Osman-Mohammed I, Vienna, 1649, 12mo. Parte secunda, Murad II and Mohammed II, Madrid, 1652.

Hammer uses this translation.

2. KOLLAR, A. F. _Seadeddini annales Turcici usque ad Murad II._ Turcice et Latine cura Ad. Fr. Kollar a Kerestan. Vienna, 1755 fol.

3. SEAMAN, WM. _The Reign of Sultan Orkhan, translated from Hodja effendi._ London, 1652, 8vo.

4. _History of the Turkish war with Rhodians, Venetians, Egyptians, Persians and other nations, written by Will Caoursin and Khodja Afendy, a Turk._ London, 1683, 8vo.

This is an anon. trans. of Caoursin’s _Historia Rhodi_ and Seadeddin’s recital of the siege of Rhodes under Mohammed II.

5. GALLAND, ANTOINE. _Histoire ottomane, écrite par Saadud-din Mehemed Hassan, plus connu chez les Turcs sous le nom de Cogia Efendi, mise en françois par Antoine Galland, Professeur et Lecteur royal en langue arabe._ A translation in MS. of Bibl. Nat., Paris, fonds turc, 64. Vol. i, up to Murad II, is lacking. Vol. ii is in the Bibl. Nat. under fonds fr., 6074. A third volume, fonds fr., 6075, contains Bayezid II and Selim I.

Zinkeisen used this translation. But Jorga, i. 150, n. 1, is in error in believing that Zinkeisen had access to complete trans. This has been lacking since 18th cent. The whole comment of Jorga is confusing. He mixes Seadeddin with Neshri, and follows Zenker’s erroneous statement that Leunclavius’s _Annali_ is a trans. of Seadeddin.

6. The story of the capture of Constantinople by Mohammed has been translated into French by Garcin de Tassy, Paris, 1826, and by Michaud, in his _Bibl. des Croisades_, vol. iii; into English by Gibb, Glasgow, 1879; and, in part, into German by Krause, _Die Eroberungen von Konstantinopel im XIII. und XV. Jahrhundert_, Halle, 1870, 8vo.

SEAMAN, WILLIAM. English translator of portion of Seadeddin.

SECUNDINUS, NICOLAUS. _Liber de familia Autumanarum ad Eneam,_ _Senarum episcopum._ Fol. 133-41 of MS. Latin 414 of K. Bibl., Munich. Published as Liber I in Johannes Ramus, which see.

This letter, written to Aenaeas Sylvius, afterwards Pope Pius II, from Naples, is one of the first western accounts of the Osmanlis. In the title-page of ‘De rebus Turcicis’, printed 1553, Secundinus is called ‘vetustissimo autore’.

SEFERT, M. _La Dalmatie, y compris ... Patras, Athènes._ Manuel de voyageur avec 88 gravures et 32 cartes et plans. Guide illustré Hartleben, no. 64. Vienna and Leipzig, 1912, 12mo.

SEIFF, J. _Reisen in der asiatischen Türkei._ Leipzig, 1875.

SERVI, FERDINANDO. _Compendium Historiae Turcicae._ Venice, 1689. This is a trans. into Latin, then Italian, of Du Verdier. Some bibliographers have treated this as an original work.

SHEHABEDDIN, ABUL ABBAS AHMED. _Mesalek al absar fi memalek alamsar._ Footpaths of the eyes in the Kingdoms of the different Countries. Existing fragments, which include Asia Minor, trans. into French by Quatremère, in _Notices et Extraits_, xiii. 152-384, from MS. in Bibl. Nat., Paris, fonds arabe, no. 2325.

Quatremère in discussing whether S. is from Damascus, Marash or Morocco, has overlooked Hadji Khalfa, Lex. Bibl., no. 10874, fol. 1832, who unhesitatingly calls him ‘écrivain de Damas’.

SHEREFEDDIN ALI (YEZDI). _Zéfer Namé._ But MS. in Bibl. Nat., Paris, reads _Kitabi fatih namehi Emir Timour_ (a Life of Timur by his own secretary). Trans. into Turkish by Mohammed ben al Agemi. Trans. into French by Petits de la Croix, under title _Histoire de Timourbec, connu sous le nom du Gran Tamerlan, empereur des Mongols et Tartares_. Paris, 1722. 4 vols. 12mo. No index. Another edition of same, Delft, 1723. 4 vols. 8vo.

Muralt, in the bibliography of his _Chronographie byzantine_, has fallen into the error of identifying Sherefeddin with Arabshah.

SHIREDDIN. _See_ Dorn.

SIDAROUSS, S. _Les Patriarcats dans l’Empire Ottoman et spécialement en Égypte._ Paris, 1907, la. 8vo.

SIDI ALI IBN HUSSEIN (Khatib Roumi). The Mirror of the Countries. Narration of Voyages. German trans. of Diez, trans. into French by Moris, with foreword on life and times of Sidi Ali. Paris, 1827, 8vo.

SILVESTRE DE SACY, A. I. French trans. of Makrisi’s _Numismatics_. Editor of letter of Dominican Friar. _See_ note under Moranvillé, Henri de.

SIONITA, GABRIEL. Latin trans. of Edrisi in collab. with John Hesronita.

SISMONDI, J. C. L. SISMONDE DE. _Histoire des républiques italiennes du moyen âge._ Paris, 1809. 8 vols. 12mo. New ed., Paris, 1840. 10 vols. 8vo.

SLANE, G. DE. 1. _Catalogue des bibliothèques de Constantinople._ In MS. Bibl. Nat., Paris, fonds arabe, no. 4474.

2. _Cat. des MSS. arabes de la Bibl. Nat., Paris._ 2 vols., 1883 and 1895. Still in MS.

3. Trans. into French Ibn Khaldun’s _Prolegomena_.

SMIRNOW, W. D. Collections scientifiques de l’Inst. des Langues orientales du Ministère des aff. étrang. Vol. viii, _Manuscrits turcs_. Petrograd, 1897, 8vo.

SOLAKZADÉ. Hist. Ott. Emp. from beginning to Soleiman II, in 1 vol.

SPANDUGINO, TEODORO. _I commentari di Teo. Spandugino Cantacusino, gentil’huomo Constantinopolitano. Costumi e leggi de’ Turchi: origine de’ Prencipi Turchi._ Lucca, 1550. Florence, 1551. Also in Sansovino, pp. 107-36, 182-206. Charles Schéfer has published and edited an early French MS. trans. of above: _Petit traicté de l’origine des Turcqz_. Paris, 1896, 8vo.

Excellent for erudite display of bibliographical knowledge, but Schéfer’s comments on chronicle are disappointing, and his chronology is inaccurate.

SPIEGEL. _See_ Jo. Gaudier.

SPRENGER, A. _See_ Fitzclarence, George.

SREZNAVSKI, L. Russian trans. of Clavijo.

STELLA, GIORGIO. _Annales Genuenses._ (1298-1409.) Continued by ‘Frater Johannes’ to 1435. In Muratori, xvii. 947-1318.

STEWART, AUBREY. English trans. of portion of _Secreta fidelium crucis_ of Marino Sanuto (Torsello).

STEWART, CHARLES. English trans. of anon. Memoirs of Timur.

STRITTER, J. G. _Memoriae populorum, olim ad Danubium, Pontum Euxinum, paludem Maeotidem, Caucasum, mare Caspium et inde magis ad septentriones incolentium, e scriptoribus Byzantinis erutae et digestae._ Petrograd, 1779. 4 vols. 4to.

Numerous writers have gone to Stritter, and quoted from him, in citing Byzantine writers of 13th and 14th cent.

STRZYGOWSKI, JOSEF. _Die Calendarbilder des Chronographen vom Jahre 354, mit 30 Tafeln._ Berlin, 1888, 4to.

SZALAY, LADISLAS. _Geschichte Ungarns._ Trans. from Hungarian by Heinrich Wögerer. Buda-Pest, 1866-9. 3 vols. 8vo.

SZILAGYI, ALEXANDER. Editor of _A Magyar Nemzet Törtenete_.

TAFEL, G. L. F. 1. _De Via Egnatia._ Tübingen, 1842.

2. _Symbola critica ad geographiam Byzantinam spectantia._ K. Bayer. Akademie, vol. v.

3. Editor of Panaretos.

4. _Urkunden zur älteren Handels-und Staatsgeschichte der Republik Venedig._ Vienna, 1856. (In collab. with Thomas, G. M.)

TAHIR-ZADE, AHMED AGA. _Tarikhi-Aga._ Constantinople, 1876. 5 vols. 8vo. General Hist. of Ott. Emp. from foundation.

TARBÉ, P. Editor of Eustache Deschamps.

TARTINI, J. M., ed. _Rerum Italicarum Scriptores_. Florence, 1748-70. 2 vols. la. fol. (A supplement to Muratori: codices of Laurentinian Library.) Newly edited, Rome, 1909, by V. Fiorini _et al._, as vols. xxvi and xxvii of the new Muratori.

TAUBER, NICHOLAS VON. German trans. of Geuffraeus.

TAVERNIER, JEAN-BAPTISTE. _Les six voyages ... qu’il a faits en Turquie, en Perse et aux Indes, pendant quarante ans. Nouvelle éd., reveüe et corrigée._ Paris, 1713. 5 vols. 12mo.

TCHIHATCHEFF, P. DE. _Asie Mineure: description physique statistique et archéol._ Avec atlas de 28 cartes. Paris, 1853-6. 2 vols. 8vo.

TELFER, J. B. English trans. of Schiltberger.

TEXEIRA. _Voyages de Texeira, ou l’Histoire des Rois des Perses._ Trad. de l’espagnol par Colotendi (d’après Barbier). Paris, 1681. 2 vols. 12mo.

Texeira follows Mirkhond.

TEXIER, CHARLES. _Asie Mineure: description géogr., hist. et archéol._ Paris, 1862, 8vo. In series ‘L’Univers illustré’. A larger and earlier edition was published in Paris, 1839-49. 3 vols. fol., with 241 plates and maps.

THALLÓCZY. (In collab. with Gelčić.) 1. _Diplomata relationum reipublicae Ragusinae cum regno Hungariae._ Buda-Pesth, 1887.

2. _Studien zur Geschichte Bosniens und Serbiens im Mittelalter_ ... übersetzt von Dr. Franz Eckhardt. Munich, 1914, 8vo.

THEINER, AUGUSTUS. 1. _Monumenta vetera historiam Hungariae sacram illustrantia._ Maximam partem nondum edita. Ex tabulariis vaticanis deprompta, collecta ac serie chronol. disposita. Ab Honorio III. ad Clementem VII. (1216-1526). Rome, 1859-60. 2 vols. fol.

2. _Vetera monumenta Slavorum meridionalium historiam illustrantia._ Rome and Agram, 1863, 1875. 2 vols. 8vo.

Contains papal letters for our period.

THOMAS, A. _Les lettres à la cour des papes ... 1290-1423._ Rome, 1884, 8vo. Also in _Mélanges d’archéologie et d’histoire_, vols. ii and iv.

THOMAS, G. M. 1. Collab. with Tafel in compilation of _Urkunden zur älteren Handels-und Staatsgeschichte_.

2. Collab. with Predelli in _Diplomatarium Veneto-Levantinum_.

THORNBERG. Latin trans. of Ibn Khaldun.

THURÓCZ, JOHANN. _Illustrissima Hungariae regum chronica._ In Schwandtner, i. 39-291.

THURY, JOSEF. Hungarian trans. of Neshri.

TINDAL, N. English trans. of Cantemir.

TODERINI, Abbé JEAN-BAPTISTE. _De la littérature des Turcs._ Trad. de l’italien en français par l’abbé Cournand. Paris, 1789. 3 vols. 8vo.

Toderini was chaplain to the Bailie of Venice at Constantinople from 1779 to 1785. In historical points he follows Cantemir pretty closely. Of the Ottoman historians he seems to know only Seadeddin and Hadji Khalfa.

TODERINI, T. (in collab. with B. Cecchetti). _Il R. Archivio di Venezia._ Venice, 1873, 8vo.

TOZER, H. F. 1. _The Church and the Eastern Empire._ London, 1888. 4to.

2. Editor of 1877 edition of Finlay.

TRAUT, VEIT. _Türkischer Kayser Ankunft Krieg und Sieg wider die Christen biss auf den Zwelfften yetzt Regierenden Tyrannen Soleymannum._ With 15 woodcuts. Augsburg, 1543, fol.

TUDELLE, BENJAMIN DE. In Bergeron.

TYCHSEN, O. G. Latin trans. of Makrisi.

URECHI, GRÉGOIRE. _Chronique de Moldavie, depuis le milieu du XIVe siècle jusqu’à 1594._ Texte roumain en caractères slavons. Traduction par Émile Picot. _École des Langues viv. orientales_, vol. ix. Paris, 1879, 8vo.

URSINS, JEAN-J. DES. _Histoire de Charles VI._ Edited by Godefroy. Paris, 1614, 4to.

URSU, I. Editor, with Rumanian notes, of Donado da Lezze.

VAMBÉRY, HERMANN. 1. _Alt-osmanische Sprachstudien._ Leyden, 1901, 8vo.

2. _Hungary._ ‘Story of Nations’ series. London, 1898, 8vo.

3. _Geschichte Bocharas oder Transoxaniens._ Stuttgart, 1872.

VANEL. _Abrégé nouveau de l’histoire gén. des Turcs ... depuis leur établissement jusqu’à présent. Avec les Portraits des Empereurs ottomans tirez sur les meilleurs originaux._ Paris, 1689. 3 vols. 12mo.

VAN GAVER, JULES. Collab. with Jouannin.

VATTIER, PIERRE. French trans. of Arabshah.

VERTOT, ABBÉ. _Histoire des chevaliers de Saint-Jean._ Amsterdam, 1732. 7 vols. 12mo.

VIGÉNAIRE, BLAISE DE. French trans. of Chalcocondylas.

VILLANI, GIOVANNI. _Historia universalis_ (in Italian). Muratori, xiii. 1-1002.

Villani died of the plague in 1348.

VILLANI, MATTEO, and his son FILIPPO. _Historia ab 1348 ad 1365._ A continuation of the _Historia universalis_. (Also in Italian.) Muratori, xiv. 1-770.

A most valuable contemporary record for first conquests of Murad I in Europe.

VIVIEN DE SAINT-MARTIN, LOUIS. _Description historique et géogr. de l’Asie Mineure._ Paris, 1852. 2 vols. 8vo.

VLASTO, E.-A. Trans. into French portion of Hopf which relates to Giustiniani family of Chios.

VULLERS, J. A. Latin trans. of Mirkhond.

WAVRIN, JEAN DE. _Les Chronicques d’Engleterre._ Edited by Mlle. du Pont. Paris, 1858-63. 2 vols. 8vo.

WENZEL, G. _Monumenta Hungariae historica._ Buda-Pest, 1876, 8vo.

WERUNSKI, E. _Excerpta ex registris Clementis VI et Innocentii VI ..._ (541 documents from 1342 to 1360). Innsbruck, 1885, 8vo.

WHITE, JOSEPH. Editor of Clarendon Press (1783) Persian text of Timur’s memoirs.

WIRTH, A. _Geschichte der Türken._ 2nd ed. Stuttgart, 1913, 12mo.

WÖGERER, H. German trans. of Szalay.

WOLFF. _Geschichte der Mongolen._ Breslau, 1872.

WRIGHT, J. Editor of Mandeville.

WÜSTENFELD, FERDINAND. 1. _Vergleichungs-Tabellen der muhammedanischen und christlichen Zeitrechnung, nach dem ersten Tage jedes muham. Monats berechnet und im Auftrage und auf Kosten der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft._ Leipzig, 1854, 4to.

This is reproduced in Mas Latrie’s _Trésor de Chronologie_, &c., pp. 549-622.

2. _Geschichte der Türken mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des vermeintlichen Anrechts derselben auf den Besitz von Griechenland._ Leipzig, 1899, 8vo.

A book full of inaccuracies and misleading statements: altogether unworthy of the author of the _Tabellen_.

WUTTKE, HEINRICH. Editor of German trans. of P. J. Safařík.

WYLIE, H. _History of England under Henry IV._ London, 1884-98. 4 vols. 12mo.

XÉNOPOL, A. D. _Histoire des Roumains._ Paris, 1896. 2 vols. 1a. 8vo. This is a translation, revised and abridged by the author himself, of _Istoria Rominilor din Dacia traiana_. Jassy, 1888-93. 6 vols. 8vo.

YAHIA, NASREDDIN. _See_ Ibn Bibi.

YALE, H. English trans. of Marco Polo.

ZAGORSKY, VLADIMIR. _François Rački et la renaissance scientifique et politique de la Croatie._ Paris, 1909, 8vo.

pp. 178-81 contain exposé of Bosno-Serbo-Croatian relations at time of Ottoman conquest.

ZENKER, J. TH. _Bibliotheca Orientalis._ Leipzig, 1848-61. 2 vols. 4to. Vol. i contains: Arabic, Persian, and Turkish books from invention of printing to 1840; vol. ii, a supplement of preceding up to 1860, and books on Christian Orient.

Compiled in haphazard fashion: very incomplete: most important works are omitted: in giving translations Seadeddin is confused with Ali.

ZINKEISEN, JOHANN WILHELM. _Geschichte des Osmanischen Reichs in Europa._ Gotha, 1840-63. 7 vols. 8vo. In Allgemeine Staatengeschichte, I, 15 _Werke_. Vol. i up to 1453.

Jorga’s recent work is 37 in the same series.

ZOLLIKOFER, LUCAS. German trans. of Pedro Mexia.

ZOTENBERG, H. French trans. of Jean of Nikiou.

ANONYMOUS

_Acta patriarchatus Constantinopolitani_ (1315-1402). In Miklositch and Müller, _Acta et diplomata_, vol. i.

_Anciennes Chroniques de Savoye._ Cols. 1-382 in _Monumenta Historiae Patriae_: Scriptores, vol. i.

Contemporary account of Amadeo’s expedition to the Levant.

_Chronik aus Kaiser Sigmunds Zeit (1126-1434)._ Edited by Th. von Kern, in _Die Chroniken der deutschen Städte_, Nürnberg, i. 344-414. Leipzig, 1862, 8vo.

_La Chronique du duc Loys de Bourbon._ Ed. by P. P. Chazaud, Paris, 1876, 8vo.

_Chronique de Morée._ Edited for Soc. Hist. France by Jean de Longnon. Paris, 1911, 8vo.

_See also_ Rodd, Sir Rennell, Schmitt, John, and Morel-Fatio, A.

_Chronique du religieux de Saint-Denis._ Edited by Bellaguet, in Coll. des Doc. inédits sur l’hist. de France, XVII, tome ii. 504. Paris, 1839-52. 6 vols. 4to.

Nicopolis expedition, ii. 425-30, 483-532.

_Chronique des quatre premiers Valois._ (1327-93.) Edited by S. Luce. Paris, 1861, 8vo.

_Cronica Dolfina._ Bibl. Marc., Venice, MS. ital., class 7, no. 794.

_Derbend Namé._ English trans. with Turkish text, by Mirza A. Kazem bey. St. Petersburg, 1851, 4to.

The Dominican Friar’s Account of Timur. _See_ Moranvillé, Henri, and Silvestre de Sacy, A. I.

Έπιρωτικά (Epirotica). _Historia Epiri a Michaele Nepote Duce conscripta._ Six fragments, forming pp. 207-79, in _Historia et Politica Patriarchica Constantinopoleos_. (In _Corpus Script. Byz._) Bonn, 1849, 8vo.

_La Généalogie du Grand-Turc_ (Lyon ed.). _See_ Gycaud.

_Livre des faicts du bon messire Jean le Maingre, dit Bouciquaut._ Bibl. Nat., fonds fr., no. 11432. Th. Godefroy edited and published this MS., Paris, 1620, 4to. Modern editions: Collection Petitot, VI and VII; Michaud et Poujoulat, II; and Buchon, _Choix de chroniques_ (Panthéon littéraire), III. Paris, 1853.

_Memoirs of Timur._ Supposed to be an autobiography in Djagatai Turkish, MS. of which was discovered in the Yemen.

1. Persian trans. by Abu Halib Hussein. The text was edited by Professor White, and publ. by the Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1783, with a trans. into English by Major Davy. A second English trans. was made by Charles Stewart, under title _Mulfuzat timüry_ or autobiographical memoirs of the Moghul emp. Timur. London, 1830, 4to.

2. French trans. from Persian by L. Langlès, under title _Instituts politiques et militaires de Tamerlan_, écrit par lui-même. Paris, 1787, 8vo.

_Mira-ari tarikh Osmani._ (Ottoman history.) Constantinople, 1876, 8vo.

_Monumenta Pisana._ In Muratori, xv. 973-1088.

_Relation de la Croisade de Nicopolis par un serviteur de Gui de Blois._ The two MSS. in the Library of the Duc d’Arenbourg and the Ashburnham collection are published by Kervyn de Lettenhove, in his edition of Froissart, xv. 439-508; xvi. 413-43.

_Series Imperatorum Turcicorum._ In Foglietta, _de Originibus_.

_Tractatus de ritu et moribus Turcarum._ Cologne, c. 1488; Wittenberg, with preface by Martin Luther, 1530; German trans. by Sebastian Franck, without place, 1530; augmented edition of Franck’s trans., Berlin, 1590. The same work under title _Tractatus de ritu, moribus et multiplicatione nequitiae Turcarum_, Paris, 1514, 8vo.

By a Christian slave under Murad II. Rambaud, _Hist. gén._, iii. 867, cites an edition of Paris, 1509, 4to, which he attributes to Ricoldus. But I do not find this name in other editions.

SERBIAN CHRONICLES

Chronicle of the Abbey Tronosha. Chronicle of Pek, quoted by Mijatovitch.

BYZANTINE HISTORIANS

1. _Historiae byzantinae scriptores._ Louvre ed. Paris, 1645-1711. 38 vols. fol. Venice, 1727-33. 23 vols.

2. _Corpus scriptorum historiae byzantinae._ Ed. by Niebuhr. Bonn, 1828-78. 49 vols. 8vo.

3. _Patrologia Graeca._ Ed. by Migne. Paris, 1857-66, 161 vols. 4to.

The writers who deal with the 14th cent. are:

1. Pachymeres (1258-1308). Bonn, 1835. 2 vols. 8vo. Rome, 1660.

2. Nicephorus Gregoras (1204-1351). Bonn, 1855. Paris, 1702, 2 vols.

3. Johannes VI Cantacuzenos (1320-57). Bonn, 1828-32. 3 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1645. Migne, ciii-civ.

4. Manuel I Palaeologos (1388-1407). Migne, clvi. 82-582.

5. Chalcocondylas, Laonicus (1298-1462). Bonn, 1843. Paris, 1650. Migne, vol. clix.

6. Ducas, Johannes (1341-1462). Bonn, 1834. Migne, clvii. 750-1166. Paris, 1649. Chronicon Breve--added to Ducas.

7. Phrantzes, George (1259-1477). Bonn, 1838. Migne, vol. clvi. Vienna, 1796.

8. Panaretos, Michail (1204-1386). For Trebizond. _See_ editions under his card.

9. Historia Epirotica. Bonn, 1849. (In vol. xxiii.)

VENETIAN ARCHIVES

Original MS. collections referred to in my book:

I. _Commemoriali._ A transcription of miscellaneous acts, bulls, &c., 1295-1787. 33 vols. la. fol. Vols. i-ix, 1295-1405. i, 1295-8. ii, 1309-16. iii, 1317-26. iv, 1325-43. v, 1342-52. vi, 1353-8. vii, 1358-62. viii, 1362-76. viii (2), 1376-97. ix, 1395-1405. The _Commemoriali_ have been edited by Riccardo Predelli. _See also_ Thomas.

II. _Misti_ (Deliberationes mixtae). ‘Continentes res terrestres et maritimas.’ 1293-1440. First 14 volumes (1293-1331) were burned in 1574 or 1577, but indices have been preserved in the Rubricarii. 60 vols. fol. xv-xxxii, 1332-67; xxxiii-xli, 1368-88; xlii-xlix, 1389-1413. Rubricarii. Indices of the Misti. 4 vols. i, 1293-1368 (32 registers); ii, 1368-89 (9 registers); iii, 1389-1413 (9 registers).

III. _Secreti_ (Deliberationes secretae). For foreign affairs. 1345-1401. Numbered by letters. 19 vols., A to S, of which only four remain. A and B, 1345-50; R (now called E), March 1388-97; and L, May 1373-Feb. 1376. One feels deeply the loss of these records, especially of S, which went from April 1397 to Feb. 1400.

IV. _Patti._ 7 registers of treaties from 883 to 1496.

V. _Liber Albus._ Treaties, privileges, &c., with the Levant (principally for commerce) up to 1348.

VI. _Libri Secretorum Consilii Rogatorum_, commonly called ‘Cons. Rog.’. A continuation of the Secreti from April 10, 1401, to Feb. 26, 1476. These volumes bear Arabic numerals, not letters. There are 27 registers, of which no. 1 contains the Anatolian campaign of Timur and the downfall of Bayezid.

In the classified bibliography, the collections in which documents from Venetian records have been published are grouped.

INDEX

Adalia, 158, 296, 297-8.

Adana, 74, 282, 296, 298-9.

Adrianople, 39, 91, 100, 103, 112, 114, 121, 123, 125-6,
171-87, 207, 231-2, 261;
unique place of, in Ottoman history, 139.

Afion Kara Hissar, 11, 290.

Aïdin, 65, 86, 158, 185-6, 191, 228, 283, 286, 291;
Ottoman absorption of, 185, 259, 274, 287.

Akbara, 69, 284.

Akridur, 284, 288-9.

Ak Seraï, 16, 162, 187, 189, 237, 284, 300.

Ak Sheïr, 154, 187, 260, 284-5.

Ak Tchaï, battle of, 188-90.

Alaïa, 285, 289.

Albania, Ottoman invasions of, 147, 159-60, 170, 183, 206, 243.

Albanian nobility, conversion of, to Islam, 76.

Albanians, value of, in Ottoman army, 159.

Alaeddin Kaï Kobad, composition of army of, 16-17;
connexion with Osmanlis, 20-2, 264, 266, 269;
fortifies Sivas, 246.

---- of Karamania, 165-7, 187-90, 288;
sons of, set free by Timur after Angora, 257.

---- pasha (brother of Orkhan), 70-2.

Alexander of Bulgaria, 103, 138-9, 170.

Ali pasha (grand vizier of Bayezid), 171-2, 199-200, 234.

Altoluogo, 286.

Amadeo of Savoy, crusade of, 128, 130;
proselytizing zeal of, aids conquests of Murad, 141-2;
intervenes to make peace between Venice and Genoa, 155;
hostility to Theodore Palaeologos, 228.

Amassia, 250, 300.

Anatoli Hissar, 234.

Anatolia (_see_ Asia Minor).

Angora, 16, 68, 155, 162, 188, 191, 250, 259, 264, 285-6, 288;
battle of, 251-5, 262;
capture of, by Osmanlis, 68, 156.

Anna of Savoy, 91-4, 129.

Argos, population of, deported to Anatolia, 230.

Armenia, Little, kingdom of (_see_ Cilicia).

Armenians, bravery and massacre of, at Sivas, 248.

Asia Minor, railways in, 11-12;
new ethnic elements in, 14-15;
obscure geographical names in, 32;
exodus of Greeks to coast of, 35;
Catalans in, 36-8, 123, 301;
importance of Aegaean islands for control of, 43;
not conquered by early Osmanlis, 68-9, 300-2;
Black Death in, 96;
Crusaders’ road through, 162;
Bayezid nominal master of greater part of, 191;
Timur invades, 257-60;
Mongol invasions of, 270-3, 300;
Turkish emirates in, 277-301.

Athens, Osmanlis in, 231.

Attika, Ottoman invasions of, 147, 186, 205.

Ayasoluk, 185, 283, 286, 295.

Bagdad, 244, 249, 269.

Balikesri, 66, 69, 286, 291, 294.

Balkan Christians prefer Ottoman rule to that of Catholics, 133, 194, 240.

---- peninsula, distance between cities of, 162;
Moslem immigration into, 196, 230-91;
Venetian fear of Hungarian hegemony in, 207;
Ottoman activities cease in, 243.

Balsa of Albania, 159.

Baphaeon, battle of, 34, 45.

Bayezid, assassinates Yakub upon his accession, 180;
marries daughter of Lazar, 183;
conquers Anatolian emirates, 184-91, 274;
invests Smyrna, 185;
completes conquest of Bulgaria, 195;
receives privileges in Constantinople,
199;
propitiated by Venetians and Genoese, 204-5, 207;
continues subjugation of Albania and Greece, 230, 243;
defeats crusaders at Nicopolis, 216-24;
invades the Morea, 228-32;
settles Anatolian Turks in Balkan peninsula, and pushes
siege of Constantinople after Nicopolis, 230-4;
extends conquests to valley of the Euphrates, and comes
into contact with Timur, 244;
defies Timur, 246;
defeated by Timur at Angora, 251-5;
taken prisoner and humiliated, 253-6;
dies at Ak Sheïr, 256;
arrogance of, 181-2, 209, 227, 246, 249;
origin of nickname _Yildirim_, 188;
contemporary western conception of, 208;
change of character after success, 225, 235, 249, 257;
claims to greatness as a statesman, 235;
humble origin of, 245, 267;
wrong tactics at Angora, 251-2;
discussion of cage story, 255-6;
durability of conquests of, 262.

Bayezid, sons of, confusion of western writers concerning
identity of, 246, 252;
fate of, after Angora, 255;
fight for succession, 259.

Belgrad, 162.

Bigha, Catalan colony of, 123, 294, 301.

Biledjik, 11, 12, 22, 33.

Black Death, 95-6, 115.

---- Sheep, dynasty of, 245.

Bogomile heresy, 93.

Boli, 286, 292.

Borlu, 286.

Bosnia, Ottoman invasions of, 147, 184, 191.
(_See also_ Tvrtko.)

Bosnian nobility, conversion to Islam, 75.

Bosphorus, 32, 45, 59, 233-4, 237, 260-1.

Boucicaut, crusade of, 128, 236-9;
in Nicopolis campaign, 212-23;
tries to raise ransom at Constantinople, 226;
crusaders left behind by, save Constantinople, 242.

Brusa, 12, 13, 22, 32, 45, 46, 54, 84, 122, 125, 152,
185, 188, 198, 225, 257, 275-6, 286-7;
captured by the Osmanlis, 46-8;
place in Ottoman history, 125.

Buda, John Palaeologos at, 130;
Nicopolis crusaders at, 211.

Bulaïr, 101, 111.

Bulgaria, incorporated in Ottoman Empire, 195.

Bulgarians, early propagation of Islam among, 26;
refuse to aid Byzantines against Osmanlis, 103;
first conflict with Osmanlis in Thrace, 111-14;
make John Palaeologus prisoner, and are attacked by
Savoyard crusaders, 129-30;
struggle against Osmanlis in Thrace, 139-40;
resist Hungarian attempts to convert them to Catholic faith, 141;
lose Sofia, 161;
Ottoman invasion and conquest, 171-3, 194-5;
aid Osmanlis in Karamanian campaign, 188;
oppressed by Greek patriarchate, 195-6.

Bunar Hissar, 112, 139.

Burgas, 129, 142.

Burhaneddin of Caesarea, 190, 287, 297.

Byzantine architecture, influence of, upon Ottoman, 275-6.

---- emperor, glamour of title in Western Europe, 241.

Byzantines, civil dynastic strife among, 35, 47-9, 57-61
91-4, 98-105, 149-54, 197-200, 237-9, 259;
first contact with Osmanlis, 34;
receive aid from Catalans, 37-40;
seek aid of Genoese and Serbians, against Turks, 41;
menaced again by western schemes of conquest, 42;
lose Bithynia to Osmanlis, 45-9;
defeated by Osmanlis at Pelecanon, 59-61;
weakness of opposition of, to Orkhan, 106;
abasement of, before Murad, 122;
fail to cooperate with other Balkan Christians against Osmanlis, 123, 139;
make treaty with Genoese, 162;
reduced to city state of Constantinople, 232-4, 242-3;
aided by Boucicaut’s crusade, 236-9, 242;
fail to take advantage of defeat of Bayezid by Timur,
and help Ottoman armies in retreat to Europe, 261.

Caesarea, 16, 190, 248, 272, 284, 287, 300.

Callixtus, patriarch, 101-3, 144.

Cantacuzenos, Helen, 94.

----, Irene, 91, 94, 103.

----, John, wounded by Turks, 48;
at battle of Pelecanon, 60;
prevents marriage alliance between Orkhan and Dushan, 90;
usurps imperial purple, 91;
marries daughter to Orkhan, 93;
forces widow of Andronicus III to recognize him as
co-emperor, and marries daughter to John Palaeologus, 93-4;
asks aid of Orkhan against Dushan, 98;
dynastic war with John Palaeologus, in which Osmanlis help him, 99-102;
forced to abdicate, and becomes monk, 103;
character of, 104-5;
responsibility for introducing Osmanlis into Europe,
92-5, 97-100, 102-3, 105-10;
grand-daughter of, in harem of Bayezid, 230.

----, Matthew, turns against father, 98;
Patriarch Callixtus refuses to consecrate as co-emperor, 101-2;
forced by John Palaeologus to abdicate, 103.

----, Theodora, wife of Orkhan, 93-4, 98, 107.

Catalans, aid Byzantines in Asia Minor, 37-8;
form state at Gallipoli, 39;
go to Thessaly, 40;
sack Chios, 43;
mercenaries of Cantacuzenos, 103;
remnants of, at Bigha, 123, 301.

Cattaro, 134.

Charles IV (Holy Roman Emperor), 138.

---- of Durazzo, 192.

---- VI of France, rejoices over death of Murad, 178;
opposes Bayezid, 202, 208-9, 233;
insanity of, 202, 209, 242;
receives Manuel Palaeologus, 241;
Timur proposes to share world with, 249;
misinformed about origin and power of Osmanlis, 208-9, 274.

---- Thopia, lord of Durazzo, 159.

Chios, 43, 163, 186, 205.

Chivalry, last effort of, in crusade against Bayezid,
211-14, 217-20, 222-4, 225-8.

Christians in Ottoman Empire, civil status of, 77-8.

Cilicia, 13, 271, 282, 293, 298-9, 300.

Constantine, Bulgarian prince of Kustendil, 140, 143, 173.

Constantinople, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 24, 36, 41, 79, 91,
100, 121, 125, 148-9, 162, 196-200, 205-7, 232-4,
235-9, 241-3, 259-60.

Corfu, Venetians alarmed about safety of, 243.

Croia, 160.

Crusaders, road of, to Jerusalem, 162.

Crusades, end of, 13, 14, 203;
perversion of, in 14th century, 143.

----, Nicopolis the last, 203.

Cypriotes, join league against Murad, 163;
fighting Genoese, 239;
relations with Rhodes and Anatolian emirates, 285, 290, 295, 297, 299-300.

Damascus, 240, 250, 279, 287.

Dardanelles, 22, 128, 261, 291, 293;
‘question’ of, 152, 203, 237.

Demotika, 48, 57, 90, 91, 99, 100, 105, 112, 114, 121, 125, 150.

Despina, daughter of Lazar, marries Bayezid, 183;
disgraced by Timur, 256.

Djagataï, 244.

Djenghiz Khan, 13, 16, 26, 41, 53, 74, 243-4, 256, 264, 270.

Dobrotich, 140, 170.

Drama, 146, 158, 161.

Durazzo, 159, 162, 201-2, 206.

Dushan, Stephen, 86-90, 94, 98-9, 143, 201.

Edebali, Sheik, 23-4, 27.

Egherdir, 284, 288.

Elbassan, 159.

_Emir_, confused by contemporary western writers with Murad, 213;
transcribed into ‘admiral’, 163.

Enos, 114, 123.

Ephesus, 258-9, 283.

Epiros, Ottoman invasion of, 159.

Ertogrul, father of Osman, 20-2, 28, 263-4, 267.

Erzerum, 20, 266, 270, 288, 300.

Erzindjian, 20, 246, 248, 259, 266, 270, 272, 288, 293, 300.

Eski Baba, 112.

---- Sheïr, 11, 12, 22, 32, 290.

Evrenos, general of Murad, 112, 143, 146.

----, general of Osman, 48, 76.

---- of Yanitza, 171, 228, 230.

Famagusta, 239, 298.

Flor, Roger de, 37-9, 43.

Fratricide, Ottoman legal sanction of, 180-1.

Gallipoli, 39, 41, 100-3, 111, 129, 221.

Genoese, aid Michael IX, 41;
supposed to have instigated Turkish attack on Rhodes, 44;
help Osmanlis, 97-8, 100, 107, 165;
fight with Venetians for Tenedos, 152-5;
make treaty with Byzantines in 1386, 162;
make treaty with Osmanlis in 1385, and join league
against them in 1386, 163;
fail to aid Nicopolis crusade, 207;
under protection of France, 236;
encourage Timur to attack Bayezid, 249;
help Ottoman army to cross to Europe after Angora, 261;
wars with Venetians, 96-7, 152-5, 262;
at Kaffa, 294.

Ghazan Khan, 26, 36-7.

Grand vizier, origin of office, 71.

Greece, conquests of Osmanlis in, 171, 186, 228-30, 232.

Gul Hissar, 69, 288-9.

Gumuldjina, 112.

Guzel Hissar, 283, 286.

Hadji Ilbeki, 123-4.

Halicarnassus, 288, 300.

Hamid, 86, 157, 165-6, 187, 284-5, 289.

Hedwig of Hungary, becomes Queen of Poland, 192.

Henry IV of England, not at Nicopolis, 214;
turns from crusades to efforts for English crown, 233;
receives Manuel Palaeologus, 241;
wants to help to save Constantinople, 242;
tries to convert Timur to Christianity, 259.

Hungarians, first conflict with Osmanlis, 122-4;
aid of, solicited by John Palaeologus, 128-30;
urged by Gregory XI to fight Osmanlis, 136-7;
attack Bulgarians,
and are driven back, 141;
attack Venice, 154;
border nobles co-operate with Serbians at Kossova, 170.

Hungary, first Ottoman raid into, 183-4;
first battle of Osmanlis on soil of, 191;
separation of crown of, from Poland, 192;
interest of, in checking progress of Osmanlis, 203-4;
hegemony of, in Balkans feared by Venice, 207;
Ottoman invasion of, after Nicopolis, 224.

Hunyadi, 194.

Ibn Batutah, 69, 277-80.

Ishtiman, 142, 160-2.

Islamic state, theocratic conception of, 72-3.

---- teaching, concrete results of, 75.

Ispahan, 259.

Istip, 158, 160-2.

Italians, city ideal of, 14.

Jagello of Lithuania, converted and becomes Ladislas of Poland, 192.

Janina, 159.

Janissaries, institution of, 80, 117-21;
number of, in early Ottoman history, 118-19, 253;
rôle of, in early history not important, 119-20, 173.

Jean de Nevers, 210, 212, 218, 223, 225-8.

Jeanne d’Arc, 106, 209.

Jews, cruelty of Tartars to, at Brusa, 267.

Kaffa, 165, 264, 291.

Kaouïa, Ottoman absorption of, 69.

Karamania, 165-7, 187-90, 259, 274, 285, 289-90, 300-2.

Karamanlis, power of, in fifteenth century, 190, 290, 301-2.

Kara Khalil Tchenderli, 112.

---- Yuluk, 190.

---- Yussuf, 244-5.

Karasi, 66, 69, 257, 286, 291, 294.

Kastemuni, 191, 259, 291-2, 297.

Kastriota, George, 170.

Kavalla, 146, 161.

Keraïtes, 14.

Keredek, Ottoman absorption of, 69.

Kermasti, 68, 292.

Kermian, 156, 166, 188, 271, 274, 284, 285, 292-3.

Khaïreddin, 146, 159.

Kharesmians, 17.

Kharesm, distinct from Khorassan, 19.

Kharput, 190, 244.

Khorassan, 19, 25, 244, 264.

Kirk Kilissé, 112, 139.

Kir Sheïr, 250.

Koësé, Michail, 52, 76.

Konia, 6, 11, 13, 16, 166-7, 187, 189, 260, 270-2, 274, 284, 290-300.

Kossova, battle of, 174-8, 203-4;
regarded as victory by Bosnians, Italians and French, 178.

Kustendil, 140, 143, 173.

Kutayia, 12, 22, 34, 156-7, 166-7, 188, 257-8, 284, 292.

Lalashahin, 111, 114, 123-4, 126, 142-3.

Laodicea, 287.

Lazar, election of, 148;
tributary to Murad, 149;
increases tribute after fall of Nish, 162;
sends contingent to Murad for Anatolian campaign, 166;
dies at Kossova, 177.

Lemnos, 269.

Louis of Hungary, defeated by Osmanlis, 124;
attacks Bulgarians, 141;
prejudices Christians of Balkans against Catholic
faith by attempts of forcible conversion, 141, 194;
ignored by Tvrtko of Bosnia, 168-9;
death, and contest over succession of, 192.

Lulé Burgas, 112.

Macedonia, Ottoman conquest of, 145-9, 158-9.

Macedonians, uncertainty of, regarding nationality, 144.

Maeander River, caution concerning identity of, 294.

Magnesia, 258.

Malkhatun, wife of Osman, 23-4, 27, 275.

Mamelukes, in Asia Minor, 282, 293, 300-1.

Marash, 279, 293.

Maritza, battle of, 122-4, 144.

Marko, 52, 76.

Marmora, Ottoman absorption of, 69.

Marriage, reason for abandonment of, by Ottoman sultans, 183, 256.

Mary of Hungary, marries Sigismund, 193.

Matthew, patriarch, 243.

Megalopolis, battle of, 230.

Menteshe, 158, 185-6, 191, 259, 274, 283, 287-8, 289, 294, 297, 300;
emir of, invades Rhodes, 43-4.

Messembria, 139.

Mézières, Philippe de, agitation of, for crusade, 160, 203.

Michael Asan, conflict with Byzantines, 59;
repudiates Serbian marriage alliance, 87.

Midia, 139.

Mikhalitch, conquered by Osmanlis, 68;
Nicopolis prisoners at, 225, 294;
Timur’s army reaches, 257;
emirate of, 294.

Miletus, 294, 295.

Mircea of Wallachia, promises to co-operate with Lazar against Osmanlis, 170;
defeated by Osmanlis, and helps Bayezid against Hungarians, 192;
negotiates with Bayezid to desert crusaders, 214;
withdraws from Nicopolis during battle, 221;
defeats invading Ottoman army, 224.

Modon, 230, 240, 243.

Mohammed I, becomes undisputed Ottoman sultan, 262;
building activity of, 275-6;
Karamanians not dependent upon, 301.

---- II (the Conqueror), legislation of, 72-3, 195;
desire of, to connect origin of family with Byzantine imperial family, 265.

---- Sultan, grandson of Timur, 251-2.

Monastir, 158-9, 195.

Mongols, invasion of Asia Minor, 13, 16, 17, 36-7, 300;
attempts of Christian missionaries to convert, 14, 26;
connexion with Byzantines, 36-7, 41, 65;
exposure of women symbol of conquest among, 256.

Morea, 170-1, 228-32, 240, 243.

Mughla, 294, 295.

Murad, first European conquests, 111-15;
creates corps of janissaries, 117-20;
decides to build Ottoman empire in Balkan peninsula,
and makes Adrianople his capital, 125;
extension of conquests in Bulgaria, 138-43, 159-61;
conquers Macedonia, 145-9, 158-9;
extends sovereignty in Asia Minor, 155-8, 274;
treaties with Ragusa, Venice, and Genoa, 126-7, 163-4;
first conflict with Karamania, 165-7;
reaches Danube by further conquests in Bulgaria, 172;
destroys Serbian independence, and is killed, in battle
of Kossova, 175-7;
method of assimilating Balkan Christians, 115-21;
policy in empire-building, 125;
organization of conquered territories, 147-9;
policy in Byzantine dynastic quarrels, 149-55;
anxious not to alarm Venice, 160;
kindness to non-combatants, 167;
policy towards Serbian league, 171;
character of, 178-9;
confused with Bayezid by western travellers and writers, 208-13;
contemporary western conception of, 208.

Musalla, highest mountain in Balkan peninsula, 143.

Mytilene, 163, 205.

Nagy Olosz, battle of, 191.

Nauplia, 230.

Nazlu, 284, 289, 295.

Nicaea, 12, 13, 32, 45-6, 54, 84, 111, 185, 257, 275;
captured by the Osmanlis, 56-7, 61-3;
emirate of, 295.

Nicomedia, 11, 12, 13, 32, 45-6, 54, 84, 111, 185;
captured by the Osmanlis, 63-4.

Nicopolis, 172-3, 193-4, 196;
crusade and battle of, 203, 206, 208-24;
identification of, 215;
significance of battle of, 262;
ransom of prisoners taken at, 225-8.

Nilufer, wife of Orkhan, 25, 62.

Nish, 158, 161-2, 183-4.

Okhrida, 159.

Orkhan, first battles of, 46;
adds Nicaea and Nicomedia to his emirate, 56-7, 61-4;
defeats Byzantines at Pelecanon, 60-1;
completes conquest of Bithynia, 64;
invades and annexes portions of neighbouring emirates, 66-8, 291-2, 294;
invited by Cantacuzenos to aid him against Anna, and
receives Cantacuzenos’s daughter as bride, 92-4;
invited again by Cantacuzenos into Europe to aid him
against John Palaeologus, 98-9;
first conquests in Europe, 100-6;
has Byzantines at his mercy, 107-8;
Ottoman historians unsatisfactory in accounts of reign of, 65;
contemporary statements as to power of, 69-70;
legislation of, 70-3;
policy of towards Christians, 75-80;
organization of army of, 81-4;
death of, and estimate of his character, 109;
extent of emirate of, 301-2.

Orsova, 215.

Orthodox Christians, animosity against Catholics and
unwillingness for reunion of Churches, 128, 132-4, 141, 194.

---- Church, loses hold on Levantine Christians, 49;
oppresses Bulgarians, 195-6.

Orthography, oriental, 5-6.

Osman, birth of, 22;
conversion, marriage, and dream of, 23-9;
principality of, in 1300, 32;
first battle with Byzantines, 34;
conquests of, from Byzantines, 45-9;
legends concerning power and character of, 50-2, 263-76;
reincarnation of early khalifs, 52;
elected as chief of tribe, 55;
army of, 81;
parentage of, 263-5, 267;
relation of with Anatolian Turkish emirs, 17, 44-5, 273-4, 300-2;
error of attributing coinage to, 51.

Osmandjik, 265, 291.

_Osmanli_, connotation of this word, 29, 50, 78, 80-1.

Osmanlis, originate on border of Bithynia, 19, 25, 28, 30-2;
complete conquest of Bithynia, 62-4, 80;
become a distinct race, 78-81;
first invasion of Europe, 100;
advance into Thrace, 101;
conquer Thrace, 121-6, 149;
conquer Bulgaria, 139, 143, 149, 160-1, 171-3, 193-6;
conquer Macedonia, 144, 149, 158-9, 183;
conquer Servia, 161-2, 173-8, 182;
conquer Thessaly, 147, 228-30, 232;
invade Albania, 147, 159-60, 183, 206, 243;
invade Attika, 147, 186, 205;
invade Bosnia, 147, 184;
invade Hungary, 183-4, 191, 224;
invade Wallachia, 192, 224;
invade the Morea, 171, 228-30, 232;
conquests of, in Greece, 171, 186, 228-30, 232;
absorb Anatolian Turkish emirates, 66-9, 155-8, 185-7, 190-1, 274;
invade Karamania, 165-7, 187-90, 290;
besiege Constantinople, 198-9, 232-4, 236;
naval raids of, 186, 205;
first cross the Danube, 191-2;
first cross the Vardar, 147;
contemporary western misconception of their character, 216-17, 247;
composite blood of, 115-17, 126;
character of, 74-5;
distinct from other Anatolian Turks, 19, 28, 31, 78-9,
115, 126, 217, 228, 283;
tolerance of, 74, 81, 115, 179;
rule of, preferred by Balkan Christians to that of
Catholics, 133, 141, 194-5;
not raiders, but colonists, 149, 186;
not feared by Europe until they appeared in Thrace, 111.

Ottoman architecture, Byzantine influence in, 275-6.

---- army, organization of, 81-4;
Christian elements in, 166, 173, 184, 187-8, 217, 252.

---- ceremonial of holding ambassadors’ arms in audience with Sultan, 178.

---- historians, unsatisfactory accounts of reign of Orkhan, 65.

---- history, lacks early sources, 17, 265.

---- legislation, beginning of, 71-3.

---- navy, beginning of, 186;
weakness in reign of Bayezid, 205-6, 234, 237-8.

Palaeologos, Andronicus II, looks to Mongols and Catalans
for aid against Turks, 35-7;
bestows title of Caesar on Roger de Flor, 39;
menaced by Mongols, Venice, and French princes, 41-2;
civil strife with grandson, 48, 57-9;
refuses to co-operate in crusade planned by Marino Sanudo, 49;
seeks aid of papacy against Turks, 85.

----, Andronicus III, set upon by Turks on wedding journey, 48;
captures Salonika, 58;
deposes grandfather, 59;
defeated by Osmanlis at Pelecanon, and abandons Nicaea, 59-61;
invites aid of Anatolian emirs in siege of Phocaea, 65-6, 86;
makes overtures to John XXII, 85;
marries sister to Czar Michael of Bulgaria, 87;
on death-bed entrusts empress and son and heir to care of Cantacuzenos, 91;
assassinates brother, 181.

----, Andronicus IV, charged with suggesting to Bulgarians
that they keep his father prisoner, 128;
rebels against father, and is imprisoned, 149-51;
escapes, imprisons father and brothers, and gives Tenedos to Genoese, 153;
treaty with Genoese, 163.

----, John V (I), under guardianship of Cantacuzenos, 91;
forced to marry daughter of Cantacuzenos, and to accept
father-in-law as co-emperor, 94;
exiled by Cantacuzenos to Tenedos, 99;
returns from exile, and forces John and Matthew Cantacuzenos
to abdicate, 103;
at the mercy of Orkhan, 106-8;
unpopularity of, with Byzantines, 115;
treaties of, with Murad, 122, 128, 136;
fails to send aid to Balkan crusaders at Maritza, 122;
tries to get aid from Venetians against Osmanlis, 128;
goes to Buda to seek aid from Louis of Hungary, and is
made prisoner by Bulgarians, 128-9;
release secured by Amadeo of Savoy, and promises to
submit to Roman Church, 129-30;
visits Rome, and becomes Catholic, 134-5;
last desperate appeal to Pope, 137;
war with Alexander of Bulgaria, 139;
passes over Andronicus, and raises Manuel to imperial purple, 149;
blinds son Andronicus at Murad’s command, 150;
refuses to receive fugitive Manuel at Constantinople for fear of Murad, 152;
gives Tenedos to Venetians, 153;
aids Osmanlis to conquer Philadelphia, last Byzantine
possession in Asia, 154, 197;
treaty with Genoese, 152-3;
ignominious death of, 198.

Palaeologus, John VII (II), rebels against grandfather and uncle, 197;
co-operates with Osmanlis against Manuel, 199-200, 237-8, 243;
becomes co-emperor with Manuel, 238-9;
banished by Manuel to Lemnos, 259.

----, Manuel II (I), ransoms father from Venetian merchants, 135;
serves in Ottoman army, 136, 149, 154, 187, 197;
made co-emperor by father, 149;
fails in conspiracy to drive Osmanlis from Serres, and
has to seek pardon of Murad at Brusa, 151-2, 231;
gives Bayezid privileges in Constantinople, 199;
fails to enlist support of Pope and Western princes, 200, 206, 233, 239;
marries son to Russian princess, 232;
receives aid from Boucicaut, 236-9;
accepts John VII as co-emperor, 238;
unsuccessful visit to Europe, 240-3;
expels Osmanlis from Constantinople, and offers to become
vassal of Timur, 259;
appeals to Rome and Venice for aid against Timur, 260.

----, Michael IX, unsuccessfully opposes Turks in Anatolia, 35;
at Adrianople, 39;
flees before Turks of Halil, 40.

----, Theodore, serves in Ottoman army, 149;
imprisoned by Andronicus IV, 153;
summoned, as ruler of the Morea, to do homage to Bayezid
at Serres, 171, 200, 229;
invites Osmanlis to enter the Morea to aid him against Frankish lords, 228;
defeated by Osmanlis at Megalopolis, 230;
tries to dissuade Manuel from trip to western Europe, 240.

Palatchia, 286, 294-5.

Papacy, and Eastern crusades, 41, 85;
invited to intervene to save Constantinople from Osmanlis, 95;
tries to raise crusades against Osmanlis, 122, 129, 132,
136-8, 141, 153, 201-2, 235-6, 241;
consistently denounces traffic of Italian republics with Moslems, 154.
(_See also under_ Popes.)

_Pasha_, origin of this title, 71-2.

Pergama, 284, 286, 291, 294.

Petrarch, hatred of schismatics, 133.

Philadelphia, 13, 34, 105, 154, 296, 299.

Philippe d’Artois, 212, 217-18, 223, 225.

---- de Bourgogne, 202, 209-10, 212, 218, 226, 236, 242.

---- le Bel, plans to retake Constantinople, 41-2;
aids in conquest of Rhodes, 44.

Philippopolis, 114, 122, 139, 161-2, 231.

Phocaea, Byzantines and Anatolian emirs besiege, 66, 283, 296;
John Palaeologus attacks at command of Orkhan, 107-8;
not dependent upon Osmanlis, 299.

Plochnik, battle of, 169.

Popes:
Gregory X, 164.
Boniface VIII, 164.
Clement V, 41-2, 44.
John XXII, 85.
Clement VI, 95.
Urban V, 122, 129-32, 134-6, 141, 164.
Gregory XI, 136-8, 153, 164.
Urban VI, 201.
Boniface XI, 201-2, 235, 262.
Benedict XIII, 202, 235-6, 241.

Popova Shapkah, 143.

Prilep, 158.

Princes’ Islands, 35.

Pristina, 92, 144.

Ragusa, first Christian state to make tributary treaty with Osmanlis, 127.

_Raïa_, meaning of the word, 77.

Rhodes, 43-4, 186, 205;
grand master of, at Nicopolis, 219, 221;
chevaliers of (_see_ Saint John, Knights of).

Rhodope Mountains, 140, 143, 147.

Rilo, monastery of, 195.

Riva, 237.

Rodosto, 65, 101.

Rumeli Hissar, 234.

Rustchuk, 172.

Saint John, Knights of, conquer Rhodes, 43;
resist Turks, 44, 283;
capture Smyrna, 85, 283;
conspire with Pope to seize the Morea, 240;
lose Smyrna to Timur, 258;
relations with Cyprus and Anatolian emirates, 285-6, 295, 297, 299-300.

---- Sophia, mosque of, 60, 93, 94, 102, 154, 233.

Salona, duchy of, conquered by Bayezid, 229-30.

Salonika, 40, 58, 65, 79, 92, 98, 100, 121, 145, 181, 231.

Samakov, battle of, 142-3, 160.

Samarkand, 244, 251, 256, 260.

Samsun, 191, 196, 291.

Sangarius, 11, 12, 32, 38, 45, 302.

Sarukhan, 65, 86, 158, 185-6, 191, 228, 259, 283, 291, 295-6.

Savoy, origin of armies of, 44.
(_See also_ Amadeo and Anna.)

Savra, battle of, 159.

Scutari (in Albania), 160.

Scutari (on the Bosphorus), 60, 64, 94, 108, 234.

Seljuk architecture, influence upon Ottoman, 275-6.

Seljuks, invasions of Asia Minor, 15-16;
changes of religion, 26.

---- of Rum, contest Asia Minor with Byzantines, 13;
relations with Osmanlis, 20-2, 32, 268-76;
subject to Mongols, 270-2;
end of dynasty, 297.

Serbian Church, autocephalous, 144-5.

---- empire of Stephen Dushan, 86-90.

Serbians, illusions of, concerning their fourteenth-century
empire, 86, 90, 175, 201;
first enter Macedonia to help Byzantines against Turks, 41;
aid Andronicus II against his grandson, 58;
conflict with Orthodox Church, 89-90, 144-5;
refuse to aid Byzantines against Osmanlis, 102;
defeated by Osmanlis at Maritza, 122-4;
anarchy among chieftains of, in Macedonia, 144;
defeated by Osmanlis at Cernomen, and lose Macedonia, 145-8;
become subject to Osmanlis, 160-2;
help Murad in Karamanian campaign, and are punished for looting, 167;
form league against Murad, and are defeated at Kossova, 168-78;
treachery of their nobles, 173;
cast fortunes definitely with Osmanlis, 182-3;
aid Bayezid in Karamanian campaign, 188;
last of Dushan’s following disappear in Macedonia, 201;
fidelity of, to Bayezid at Nicopolis, 220;
fight in Ottoman army at Angora, 252.

Serres, 58, 144, 147, 152, 158, 161, 200, 229.

Shah-Rokh, son of Timur, 255, 258.

Shehabeddin, 69, 277-80.

Shuman, 172.

Sigismund, first invasion of Bulgaria, 188, 193-5;
becomes king of Hungary, and sends threat to Bayezid, 193;
tries to get support of Italian republics against Bayezid, 205-7;
leads Nicopolis crusade, 210-24;
boastfulness of, before Nicopolis, 216;
flees from battle-field, 220-1;
character of, 193, 222.

Silistria, 196.

Silivria, 237.

Sinope, 191, 291-2, 296, 297.

Sis, 282.

Sisman, John, 128, 140-3, 170, 172-3, 194-6.

Sivas, 190, 270, 272, 274, 287, 297, 300;
destruction of, by Timur, 243, 245-8.

Slavery, Greek abhorrence of, 116;
connivance of Italian republics in, 165.

Smyrna, 11, 79, 85, 185, 258-60, 270, 283, 286, 299-300.

Sofia, 142, 158, 160-2, 172, 231.

Soleiman pasha, son of Orkhan, 100-1, 105, 108, 111.

Soleiman Shah, grandfather of Osman, 20, 266.

---- tchelebi, son of Bayezid, 195, 245-8, 252-3, 257-61.

South Slavs, character of, 170.

Sozopolis, 129, 142.

Stambul, origin of name, 199.

Stephen Lazarevitch, kral of Serbia, vassal and
brother-in-law of Bayezid, 182-3;
fights for Osmanlis at Nicopolis, 220;
and at Angora, 253.

Stracimir, 140-1.

Sugut, 12, 22, 25, 33, 63, 115, 285.

Taharten, emir of Erzindjian, 246.

Tarsus, 24, 216, 298.

Taurus Mountains, 24, 125, 187, 289, 298, 300-2.

Tchataldja, 115.

Tchorlu, 105, 112, 162.

Tekke, emirate of, 158, 165-6, 186-7, 285, 289, 297-8.

Tenedos, importance of, to control Dardanelles, 152;
struggle of Venice and Genoa for, 152-5;
John VII Palaeologus banished to, 236.

Thessaly, Ottoman conquest of, 147, 228-30.

Thingizlu, 69.

Thomas, despot of Janina, 159.

Timur, origin of name, and conquests of, 244;
charges against Bayezid, 190, 245-6;
destroys Sivas, 247-8;
makes overtures to Occidental princes, 249;
invades Asia Minor, and crushes Bayezid at Angora, 250-4;
degrades Bayezid and Despina, 255-6;
pushes to Aegaean Sea, and captures Smyrna, 257-60;
death of, 260;
infirmity of, 244;
lacked constructive policy in conquests, 257, 260-1;
restores Anatolian emirs deposed by Bayezid, 257, 259,
283, 288, 290, 292-3, 294.

Timurtash, 142, 158, 166, 187, 188-9, 254.

Tirnovo, 140, 142, 172, 194-6.

Tokat, 190, 250, 287, 298.

Trebizond, 13, 162, 270, 280, 288, 291, 293, 297, 299.

_Tughra_, origin of, 127.

Turin, treaty of, 155.

Turk, connotation of word in Ottoman Empire, 78-81, 228;
lacks family ties and family name, 267.

Turkey, connotation of word in fourteenth century, 107.

Turkish chieftainship elective rather than hereditary, 54, 276.

---- raids in Aegaean Sea, Macedonia and Thrace, 36-40,
65, 84, 185-6, 261, 283.

---- emirates of Asia Minor stronger than Osmanlis, 30, 274, 290, 301-2.

---- refugees from Thrace in 1912, 16.

---- women not veiled in fourteenth century, 157.

Turks, character of Anatolian, 15.

Tvrtko, kral of Bosnia, 168-70, 178, 183-4, 201.

Ulubad, 68, 298.

Uskub, 88, 174, 183.

Valona, 159.

Varna, 129, 172.