Chapter II: Part 2

South of Jersey City lies the city of =Bayonne=, which is the third city of the state in the value of manufactured products. Its frontage on New York Bay on the east, Newark Bay on the west, and Kill van Kull on the south, gives it exceptional facilities for deep-water transportation. It has, besides, ample railroad facilities. It is the most important center for the refining of petroleum in the world. The oil is brought in pipe lines from the oil fields of Pennsylvania and Ohio to the refineries, from which the many refined products are carried to all parts of the world. There are many other extensive industries, of which the following may be mentioned: the manufacturing of steam boilers, iron, steel, and bronze products, cottonseed oil, nickel and copper products, borax, insulated wire, and silk goods.

The northern part of the peninsula, which is in Bergen County, contains many attractive towns which are largely residential in character. Among them are =Englewood= and =Fort Lee=. =Edgewater= on the Hudson at the foot of the Palisades has important industries. The chief products are sugar and sirups.

=Paterson and Neighboring Cities and Towns.=--Paterson, located at the Falls of the Passaic River, had a population in 1920 of 135,866 and is the third city of the state in size. The founding of the city was suggested by Alexander Hamilton, who foresaw the value of the power generated by the falls and made plans to use it for manufacturing purposes. Its great growth as a manufacturing center is largely due to this power. In the value of its manufactures, it is the fifth among the cities of the state. Its most important industry is the manufacture of silk products of all kinds. In this industry it stands first among the cities of the country. It has many other extensive industrial plants, which include machine shops, foundries, rolling mills, locomotive works, dyeing establishments, and thread and cordage mills.

=Passaic=, located on the Passaic River a few miles southeast of Paterson, is specially noted for its manufacture of woolen and worsted goods, in which it is the first city of the state. It has other extensive industries, including the manufacture of handkerchiefs and other cotton goods, rubber goods, belting and packing material, machinery, metal, leather and silk goods, and print and chemical works. Passaic is, besides, an attractive residential city.

Northeast of Passaic is =Hackensack= on the Hackensack River, which is a prosperous residential town. Between Paterson and Passaic are =Clifton=, a growing manufacturing town, =Lodi=, with its extensive dyeing industry, and =Garfield= with its large establishments for the manufacture of woolen and worsted goods, waxed paper, embroideries, and yarns. Southwest of Paterson is =Little Falls=, whose principal manufactures are carpets and rugs. =Rutherford=, =Hasbrouck Heights=, =Ridgewood=, and =Westwood= are towns in this section which are specially inviting to residents.

=Elizabeth and Neighboring Towns.=--Elizabeth is one of the oldest towns in the state. It was settled in 1664 and was the residence of Sir Philip Carteret, the first Governor of New Jersey. It is most favorably situated for both manufacturing and residential purposes. Its location on Arthur Kill and Newark Bay gives it deep water connection through Kill van Kull with New York Bay, and it has besides ample railroad facilities. It has many industries, the largest of which, and the largest of its kind in the world, is the manufacture of sewing machines. Other industries are the manufacture of iron and steel products of all kinds, and of electrical appliances, tanning, printing, and shipbuilding. It has always been popular as a place of residence with many whose business is in New York.

=Rahway=, a few miles southwest of Elizabeth, is a flourishing city whose chief industries are the manufacture of felt, cereals, steel products, clothing, music boxes, and printing and book binding. =Roselle=, =Roselle Park=, =Cranford=, and =Westfield= are attractive residential towns west of Elizabeth, with excellent educational facilities. =Garwood=, in this vicinity, is an important manufacturing town.

=Perth Amboy and Neighboring Towns.=--Perth Amboy was settled in 1684 and alternated with Burlington as the meeting place of the New Jersey assembly after the union of the provinces in 1702. Its great industrial activity has increased its population by more than 100 per cent in the last fifteen years. Its rapid industrial growth is due to its location at the mouth of the Raritan River and on Raritan Bay and Arthur Kill, as well as to its railroad facilities, and to the extensive deposits of clay which are found here. The development of these has led to the establishment of large manufacturing plants whose products are terra cotta, earthenware, and tile of all kinds. Other important industries are the refining of gold, silver, copper, and lead, the preparation of vaseline, boat building, the shipping of coal, and the manufacture of cigars, insulated wire, chemicals, and steel products. It is the fourth city in the state in the value of manufactured products.

Near Perth Amboy are =Metuchen=, =Woodbridge=, =South Amboy=, =Sayreville=, and =South River=, which are populous towns and have extensive industries similar to those of Perth Amboy. In =Woodbridge= the output of fire brick is specially important. In =Sayreville= and =South River= special attention is given to the manufacture of building brick. In all there is considerable shipping of clays to other points. Many varied industries are found in Carteret to the northeast of Woodbridge.

=Places on the Outskirts of the Metropolitan District of New York.=--Lying just beyond the New York City Metropolitan District, yet feeling its influence more and more as the facilities for communication are increased, are a number of important towns.

=Morristown=, in Morris County, is famous because of Its Revolutionary associations. It is distinctively a residential town, which possesses great municipal and educational advantages. =Madison= is another residential town, whose peculiar and most important industry is the cultivation of roses. =Boonton= and =Dover= have picturesque locations and are industrially active. Their chief products are boilers, furnaces, hosiery, iron, hats, and silk goods.

In Union County is =Plainfield=, which is well known on account of its residential advantages, its unexcelled schools, and its industrial importance. Its principal manufactures are printing presses, electrical appliances, garments, machine tools, and machine shop products. =North Plainfield= is a residential suburb.

=Somerville= is an attractive and prosperous town with industries which manufacture clothing, laces, and iron pipe. =Bound Brook= is at the junction of three trunk line railroads and is located on the Raritan Canal. It is therefore an active industrial center. At =Finderne=, between Somerville and Bound Brook, are large asbestos works.

=New Brunswick=, which was built up about the ferry established here in 1697, is situated on the Raritan River and at the eastern end of the Raritan Canal, and enjoys superior facilities for water and railroad transportation. Its most extensive industry is the manufacture of surgical dressings. Other manufactured products are machinery, woolen goods, iron and steel products, automobiles, cigars, and wall paper. Here is situated Rutgers College, which includes the State Agricultural College and Experiment Station. The State Home for Boys is located at =Jamesburg=. =Keyport=, with its fisheries and growing manufacturing industries, is situated on lower New York Bay and has rail and water connections with that city. =Freehold= is always associated with the battle of Monmouth. It has important canning and rug-making industries.

=Trenton and the Towns of the Upper Delaware Valley.=--Trenton, the capital of the state since 1790, was settled about 1679. Here occurred the Battle of Trenton, which is commemorated by an imposing monument. It is situated on the Delaware at the head of navigation. The Delaware and Raritan Canal passes through the city. It thus has the advantage of transportation by water and railway. The water power developed by the Falls of the Delaware encouraged the establishment and growth of the city's industries, but these have grown so extensive that they do not rely upon it. In the neighborhood of Trenton are deposits of clay which were the basis of the pottery industry. It has forty-eight potteries and in this industry it is rivaled by only one city in the United States. The local clay is now used very little. The better grades of pottery require the finer clays which are obtained from England, France, and some states of this country. It manufactures more sanitary earthenware than any other city in the country. Other extensive industries are automobile factories, iron and steel works, machine shops, foundries, rubber works, woolen mills, watch factories, and oilcloth and linoleum factories.

The state and city acting together have created a large public park which extends along the Delaware River and includes the grounds around the state capitol. The trade of the surrounding country makes the city a thriving business center.

Northeast of Trenton is =Princeton=, memorable as the scene of the Battle of Princeton and rich in historic associations. Here is located Princeton University, founded in 1746.

=Lambertville=, on the Delaware northeast of Trenton, is a prosperous town with considerable water power, whose principal industries are rock quarries, rubber works, and canning factories. =Pennington= and =Hopewell= in the interior are industrious canning centers. At =Phillipsburg=, on the Delaware, opposite the mouth of the Lehigh, five railroads meet. It is the western terminus of the Morris Canal. These transportation facilities make it a strongly industrial town. Its principal products are air compressors and rock drills, horseshoes, canisters, iron pipe, boilers, and silks. The principal cement works of the state are located near Phillipsburg. =Belvidere=, on the Delaware above Phillipsburg; =Washington=, =Hackettstown=, and =Blairstown=, in the interior, are popular residential towns. In =Washington= pianos and organs, and in =Hackettstown= saws and leather, are the chief industrial products. In =Hackettstown= and =Blairstown= well-known educational institutions are located. =Newton= is located in the picturesque mountain region of Sussex County. Here dairy farming is important. Its chief manufactures are shoes, silks, and dyeing.

=Flemington= and =High Bridge=, in Hunterdon County, though not located in the Delaware Valley, are near it. They are important centers of trade in agricultural sections with growing industries. =High Bridge= is in the heart of the peach-growing section and has large steel works. So also =Franklin Furnace=, in Sussex County, is in the Wallkill Valley and is the center of the zinc-mining industry.

=Camden and Neighboring Cities and Towns.=--In this group are included the towns which are located in the southwestern part of the state and which are usually considered as belonging to the Metropolitan District of Philadelphia or are near it. All are vitally affected by its stimulating commercial and industrial impulse.

The largest city of this group is =Camden=, on the Delaware opposite Philadelphia, founded about 1680 and known in colonial days as Cooper's Ferry. It shares with Philadelphia the advantages of the deep-water route to the ocean through the Delaware River and Bay. It owes Its first industrial impulse to the opening of the Camden and Amboy Railroad. From It many railroads radiate to all parts of the state and one crosses the Delaware to Pennsylvania. Direct communication with Philadelphia is maintained by ferries. More rapid communication will soon be obtained when the proposed tunnels under the Delaware are completed. Its industries, which are of the most varied character, have increased with astonishing rapidity. The most extensive are the manufacture of talking machines and shipbuilding. Here the largest battleships and merchant vessels can be built. One of the shipbuilding plants is the largest in the country. Other extensive industries are foundries, machine shops, woolen mills, chemical works, factories for the manufacture of cigars, paints, candies, leather, licorice, linoleum, writing pens, and the preparation of soups.

Northeast of Camden, on the Delaware, are =Riverside= and =Beverly=, which are important centers of manufacture and of truck farming. Farther up is =Burlington=, which was settled in 1677 and was the capital of West Jersey. It has ample facilities for transportation by rail and water. Its interests are both agricultural and manufacturing. Its principal products are shoes, iron pipe, and hardware. =Bordentown=, the southwestern terminus of the Delaware and Raritan Canal, also has excellent transportation facilities. Its most important industries are the canning of vegetables and the manufacture of yarns and clay products. In the interior, the old town. =Mount Holly=, is rich in agricultural products and has industries which produce hosiery, shoes, and tapestry goods. East and southeast of Camden are =Merchantville=, =Moorestown=, =Collingswood=, and =Haddonfield=, which are distinctively residential towns, but in which vegetable raising is an important industry.

=Gloucester=, on the Delaware south of Camden, is a growing industrial center. Its products are yarns, paper, and gas mantles. It has communication with Philadelphia by ferries, which transport the produce of the rich truck and fruit farms of the surrounding country to that city. =Woodbury= is a prosperous residential town with industries which make pianos and glass bottles. Next to the southward are Swedesboro, =Glassboro=, and =Clayton=, whose principal industrial activities are connected with the making of glass and the raising and canning of vegetables and fruits.

=Towns near Delaware Bay.=--Farther south on the outskirts of the Philadelphia Metropolitan District are the very active business and industrial center, =Salem=, settled by the Quakers in 1675, =Bridgeton=, =Vineland=, and =Millville=.

In these towns the glass factories are extensive and make all kinds of glass articles. In =Bridgeton= and =Millville= many persons are employed in the mining and shipping of glass sand. Molding sand is also a product. In and surrounding these towns are large areas of farm land devoted to the raising of all kinds of vegetables, berries, and tree fruits for the markets. Great quantities of these are preserved in the many large canning factories which are located in them. =Vineland= produces much bottled grape juice. These towns have also diversified industries of other kinds.

In =Cape May Court House= the important industrial activities are the making of glass bottles and the raising of berries and other fruits.

=Cities and Towns on the Atlantic Coast.=--Along the Atlantic coast are many cities and towns which are popular health and pleasure resorts. The many railroads which connect them with the large cities have made them convenient of access so that thousands of people visit them in the summer time.

The largest of these is =Atlantic City=, which is the largest seaside resort in the country and is devoted entirely to the entertainment of visitors. It is said to contain more than one thousand hotels. Its permanent population numbers somewhat more than 50,000, but in the summer time its population is estimated at about 300,000. It has a climate favorable to those who are convalescing from illness or seek to recuperate their health. On this account it is a popular resort during the entire year. It has a superior school system and all the other facilities and institutions which mark the progressive city. =Long Branch=, farther north, is the oldest resort on the coast. Another resort of many years standing is =Cape May City=. Other well-known resorts are =Ocean City=, =Point Pleasant=, =Sea Girt=, =Manasquan=, =Spring Lake=, =Belmar=, =Ocean Grove=, =Asbury Park=, =Sea Bright=, and =Atlantic Highlands=. =Red Bank=, with its many attractive country homes, is situated on the Navesink and is classed as a seaside resort.

=Lakewood=, among the pines of Ocean County, is a popular winter health resort.

TABLES

Table I.--References on the Geography of New Jersey

1. Reports and other publications of the Department of
Conservation and Development of New Jersey, including

a. Reports of the State Geological Survey and of the State
Geologist.

b. The Geologic Atlas of New Jersey.

c. Topographic Atlas, including state, geologic, and railroad
maps.

d. Reports of the Forest Park Reservation Commission.

e. Reports of the State Water Supply Commission.

2. Reports of the Palisades Interstate Park Commission.

3. Reports of the State Board of Agriculture.

4. The Industrial Directory of New Jersey, published by the Bureau
of Statistics.

5. Publications of the United States Geological Survey.

6. Reports and bulletins of the United States Census Bureau.

7. Publications of the United States Department of Agriculture,
including those of the Weather Bureau.

8. Legislative Manual, State of New Jersey.

9. New Jersey as a Colony and as a State--Lee.

10. A Brief History of New Jersey--Ellis and Snyder.

11. Local histories and transactions of local historical societies.

Table II.--Leading Manufacturing Industries of New Jersey, According to the United States Census of 1914

============================================================
Industry | Value of
| Products
---------------------------------------+---------------------
All industries | $1,406,633,414
Smelting and refining copper | 159,198,876
Petroleum products | 90,876,993
Silk and silk goods | 75,706,449
Foundry and machine shop products | 74,126,941
Electrical machinery and supplies | 40,740,810
Slaughtering and meat packing | 40,108,471
Tobacco | 39,695,997
Woolen, worsted, and felt goods | 36,268,561
Rubber goods, rubber hose, and belting | 35,798,793
Chemicals | 31,686,865
Leather | 31,651,831
Dyeing and finishing textiles | 27,986,512
Bread and bakery products | 25,458,216
Cotton goods | 16,782,164
Pottery, brick, tile, terra cotta | 16,693,447
Soap | 16,692,406
Food preparations, confec'y, chocolate | 16,529,429
Paint and varnish | 16,086,717
Printing and publishing | 14,083,011
Gas, illuminating and heating | 14,020,050
Canning and preserving | 13,764,955
Copper, tin, and sheet iron products | 12,499,728
Lumber and timber products | 12,482,553
Ship and boat building | 11,860,965
Clothing, men's, including shirts | 11,547,363
Oilcloth and linoleum | 11,384,311
Jewelry | 11,347,455
Boots and shoes | 11,204,323
Fertilizer | 11,197,690
Paper and wood pulp | 10,931,431
Hats and hat materials | 10,569,597
Millinery and lace | 10,485,723
Oils, grease and tallow | 10,475,379
Iron and steel | 10,420,452
Railway cars and shop products | 10,344,659
Gold and silver refining | 10,078,176
Automobiles, incl. bodies and parts | 8,237,416
============================================================

Table III.--Area and Population of the Counties of New Jersey, According to the United States Census of 1920

+============+========+========================+========+===========+
| | Area | | | Area | |
| County | Square |Population | County | Square |Population |
| | Miles | 1920 | | Miles | 1920 |
+------------+--------+---------- | -----------+--------+-----------+
| Atlantic | 569 | 83,883 | Middlesex | 312 | 162,334 |
| Bergen | 237 | 210,688 | Monmouth | 479 | 104,906 |
| Burlington | 815 | 81,770 | Morris | 475 | 82,294 |
| Camden | 222 | 190,460 | Ocean | 637 | 22,155 |
| Cape May | 265 | 10,460 | Passaic | 196 | 250,148 |
| Cumberland | 500 | 61,348 | Salem | 343 | 36,572 |
| Essex | 127 | 651,807 | Somerset | 305 | 48,015 |
| Gloucester | 332 | 48,224 | Sussex | 529 | 24,905 |
| Hudson | 43 | 620,124 | Union | 103 | 199,832 |
| Hunterdon | 437 | 32,885 | Warren | 362 | 45,057 |
| Mercer | 226 | 159,881 | The State | 7,514 |3,155,900 |
=============+========+========================+========+===========+

Table IV.--Cities, Towns, Boroughs, and Villages of New Jersey Having 2000 or More People in 1920

====================================================================
Cities, Towns, etc.| Population | Cities, Towns, etc.| Population
-------------------+------------ | --------------------+------------
Newark | 414,216 | Haddonfield | 5,646
Jersey City | 298,079 | Madison | 5,523
Paterson | 135,866 | East Rutherford | 5,463
Trenton | 110,289 | Roselle Park | 5,438
Camden | 110,309 | Secaucus | 5,423
| | |
Elizabeth | 95,682 | Boonton | 5,372
Bayonne | 76,754 | Wrightstown | 5,288
Hoboken | 68,166 | Hawthorne | 5,135
Passaic | 63,824 | Fairview | 4,882
East Orange | 50,710 | Highland Park | 4,866
| | |
Atlantic City | 50,682 | Freehold | 4,768
Perth Amboy | 41,707 | Merchantville | 4,754
West Hoboken | 40,068 | Audubon | 4,740
Orange | 33,268 | Lambertville | 4,660
New Brunswick | 32,779 | Glen Ridge | 4,620
| | |
West New York | 29,926 | Carlstadt | 4,472
Montclair | 28,810 | Raritan | 4,457
Plainfield | 27,700 | Keyport | 4,415
Kearney | 26,724 | Bordentown | 4,371
Clifton | 26,470 | Paulsboro | 4,352
| | |
Irvington | 25,480 | Prospect Park | 4,292
Bloomfield | 22,019 | Newton | 4,125
Union | 20,651 | Franklin | 4,075
Garfield | 19,381 | Caldwell | 3,993
Hackensack | 17,667 | Bogota | 3,906
| | |
Phillipsburg | 16,923 | Bergenfield | 3,667
Harrison | 15,721 | Edgewater | 3,530
Belleville | 15,660 | Haledon | 3,435
West Orange | 15,573 | Dunellen | 3,394
Millville | 14,691 | Pitman | 3,385
| | |
Bridgeton | 14,323 | Washington | 3,341
Long Branch | 13,521 | Metuchen | 3,334
Morristown | 12,548 | East Newark | 3,057
Asbury Park | 12,400 | Verona | 3,039
Gloucester | 12,162 | Cape May | 2,999
| | |
Englewood | 11,617 | Leonia | 2,979
Roosevelt | 11,047 | Haddon Heights | 2,950
Rahway | 11,042 | Hackettstown | 2,936
Summit | 10,174 | Wanaque | 2,916
Dover | 9,817 | Hasbrouck Heights | 2,895
| | |
Rutherford | 9,497 | Butler | 2,886
Nutley | 9,421 | Wharton | 2,877
Red Bank | 9,251 | Wildwood | 2,790
Burlington | 9,049 | Little Ferry | 2,715
Westfield | 9,026 | Hightstown | 2,674
| | |
Collingswood | 8,714 | Jamesburg | 2,671
Ridgefield Park | 8,570 | Rockaway | 2,655
Lodi | 8,175 | Palisades Park | 2,633
South Amboy | 7,897 | Egg Harbor | 2,622
Ridgewood | 7,580 | Westwood | 2,597
| | |
Salem | 7,435 | Flemington | 2,590
South Orange | 7,274 | Milltown | 2,573
North Plainfield | 6,916 | Beverly | 2,562
Vineland | 6,799 | Dumont | 2,537
Guttenberg | 6,726 | Ocean City | 2,512
| | |
Somerville | 6,718 | East Paterson | 2,441
South River | 6,596 | Chatham | 2,421
Hammonton | 6,417 | Westville | 2,380
Pennsgrove | 6,060 | Riverton | 2,341
Princeton | 5,917 | Bradley Beach | 2,307
| | |
Boundbrook | 5,906 | Midland Park | 2,243
Pleasantville | 5,887 | Ventnor | 2,203
Woodbury | 5,801 | Bloomingdale | 2,193
Fort Lee | 5,761 | Glen Rock | 2,181
Roselle | 5,737 | Alpha | 2,140
| | |
Wallington | 5,715 | Ramsey | 2,090
Cliffside Park | 5,709 | Pompton Lakes | 2,008
Tenafly | 5,650 | |
====================================================================

* * * * *

Transcriber Note

Minor typos were corrected.