Chapter I: Front Matter

Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey.

E. A. BIRGE, Director. C. R. VAN HISE, Consulting Geologist. BULLETIN NO. V. EDUCATIONAL SERIES NO. 1.

THE GEOGRAPHY
OF THE
REGION ABOUT DEVIL'S LAKE
AND THE
DALLES OF THE WISCONSIN,
With Some Notes on Its Surface Geology.

BY

ROLLIN D. SALISBURY, A. M.,
_Professor of Geographic Geology, University of Chicago,_

AND

WALLACE W. ATWOOD, B. S.,
_Assistant in Geology, University of Chicago._

MADISON, WIS.
Published by the State.
1900.

Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey.

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS.

EDWARD SCOFIELD,
Governor of the State.

L. D. HARVEY,
State Superintendent of Public Instruction.

CHARLES K. ADAMS, President,
President of the University of Wisconsin.

EDWIN E. BRYANT, Vice-President,
President of the Commissioners of Fisheries.

CHARLES S. SLICHTER, Secretary,
President of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and
Letters.

--------------------------------------------------------------

E. A. BIRGE, Director of the Survey.

C. R. VAN HISE, Consulting Geologist.

E. R. BUCKLEY, Assistant Geologist.
In charge of Economic Geology.

S. WEIDMAN, Assistant Geologist.
In charge of Geology of Wausau District.

L. S. SMITH, in charge of Hydrography.

S. V. PEPPEL, Chemist.

F. R. DENNISTON, Artist.

CONTENTS.

---------------------------------------------------------

PART I. THE TOPOGRAPHY WITH SOME NOTES ON THE SURFACE GEOLOGY.

CHAPTER I.

GENERAL GEOGRAPHIC FEATURES

I. The Plain Surrounding the Quartzite Ridges.

Topography

Structure

Origin of the Sandstone and Limestone

Origin of the Topography

II. The Quartzite Ridges

Topography

The Structure and Constitution of the Ridges

III. Relations of the Sandstone of the
Plain to the Quartzite of the Ridges

PART II. HISTORY OF THE TOPOGRAPHY.

CHAPTER II.

OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY OF THE ROCK FORMATIONS
WHICH SHOW THEMSELVES AT THE SURFACE.

I. The Pre-Cambrian History of the Quartzite

From loose Sand to Quartzite

Uplift and Deformation. Dynamic Metamorphism

Erosion of the Quartzite

Thickness of the Quartzite

II. The History of the Paleozoic Strata

The Subsidence

The Potsdam Sandstone (and Conglomerate)

The Lower Magnesian Limestone

The St. Peters Sandstone

Younger Beds

Climatic Conditions

Time involved

The Uplift

CHAPTER III.

GENERAL OUTLINE OF RAIN AND RIVER EROSION

Elements of Erosion

Weathering

Corrasion

Erosion without Valleys

The Beginning of a Valley

The Course of a Valley

Tributary Valleys

How a Valley gets a Stream

Limits of a Valley

A Cycle of Erosion

Effects of unequal Hardness

Falls and Rapids

Narrows

Erosion of folded Strata

Base-level Plains and Peneplains

Transportation and Deposition

Topographic Forms resulting from Stream Deposition

Rejuvenation of Streams

Underground Water

CHAPTER IV.

EROSION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRIKING SCENIC FEATURES

Establishment of Drainage

Striking scenic Features

The Baraboo Bluffs

The Narrows in the Quartzite

Glens

Natural Bridge

The Dalles of the Wisconsin

The Mounds and Castle Rocks