Chapter IV: Front Matter (4)

Beckwith, E. G., 1854, Report of explorations for a route for the
Pacific Railroad: U.S. Pacific R.R. Explor., v. 2, 128 p.
Cashion, W. B., 1973, Geologic and structure map of the Grand Junction
Quadrangle, Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Inv. Ser. Map
I-736 [reprinted 1979].
Cater, F. W., 1970, Geology of the salt anticline region in
southwestern Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 637, 80
p.
Colorado State Planning Commission, 1959, Colorado Year Book,
1956-1958: Denver, 871 p.
Dellenbaugh, F. S., 1902, The romance of the Colorado River: New York,
G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 399 p. [reprinted 1962 by Rio Grande
Press, Chicago, Ill.]
Hamilton, D. L., 1956, Colorado National Monument, past and present:
Intermountain Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, 7th Ann. Field
Conf. Guidebook, p. 48-49.
Hansen, W. R., 1969, The geologic story of the Uinta Mountains [with
graphics by John R. Stacy]: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1291, 144
p.
Hayden, F. V., 1877, Report of progress for the year 1875: U.S. Geol.
and Geog. Survey Terr., embracing Colorado and parts of
adjacent territories, 827 p., 70 pls., 67 figs.
Hunt, C. B., 1969, Geologic history of the Colorado River, _in_ The
Colorado River region and John Wesley Powell: U.S. Geol.
Survey Prof. Paper 669, p. I-IV, 59-130.
Jennings, J. D., 1970, Canyonlands—aborigines: Naturalist, v. 21,
Summer, Spec. Issue 2, p. 10-15.
Lohman, S. W., 1960, Geology of west-central Colorado, _in_ Guide to
the geology of Colorado: Geol. Soc. American, Rocky Mtn.
Assoc. Geologists, and Colorado Sci. Soc., p. 66, 82-84 [with
J. R. Donnell], 86-91.
—— 1961, Abandonment of Unaweep Canyon, Mesa County, Colorado, by
capture of the Colorado and Gunnison Rivers: U.S. Geol. Survey
Prof. Paper 424-B, art. 60, p. B144-B146, fig. 60-1.
—— 1963, Geologic map of the Grand Junction area, Colorado: U.S. Geol.
Survey Misc. Inv. Ser. Map I-404.
—— 1965a, Geology and artesian water supply of the Grand Junction
area, Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 451, 149 p.
—— 1965b, The geologic story of Colorado National Monument [with
graphics by John R. Stacy]: Fruita, Colo., Colorado and Black
Canyon Natural History Assoc., 56 p.
—— 1974, The geologic story of Canyonlands National Park, with
graphics by John R. Stacy: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1327, 126
p.
—— 1975, The geologic story of Arches National Park, with graphics by
John R. Stacy: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1393, 113 p.
Look, Al, 1961, John Otto and the Colorado National Monument: Denver,
Colo., Denver Westerners, Inc., 80 p., [second edition 1962 by
Sandstone Publishing Co., Grand Junction, Colo.].
Newman, W. L., 1976, Geologic time—the age of the Earth: U.S. Geol.
Survey, 20 p.
Pipiringos, G. N., and O’Sullivan, R. B., 1975, Chert pebble
unconformity at the top of the Navajo Sandstone in
southeastern Utah, _in_ Canyonlands Country, Eighth annual
field conference, Sept. 22-25, 1975, Guidebook: Durango,
Colo., Four Corners Geol. Soc., p. 149-156.
Potter, R. M., and Rossman, G. R., 1977, Desert varnish: The
importance of clay minerals: Science, v. 196, no. 4297, p.
1446-1448, June 24.
Williams, P. L., 1964, Geology, structure, and uranium deposits of the
Moab Quadrangle, Colorado and Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc.
Inv. Ser., Map I-360 [reprinted 1976].
Wormington, H. M., and Lister, Robert H., 1956, Archaeological
investigation on the Uncompahgre Plateau in west-central
Colorado: Denver Mus. Nat. History Proc., no. 2, 129 p., 69
figs.
Wright, J. C., Shawe, D. R., and Lohman, S. W., 1962, Definition of
members of the Jurassic Entrada Sandstone in east-central Utah
and west-central Colorado: Bull. Am. Assoc. Petroleum
Geologists, v. 46, no. 11, p. 2057-2070.

Additional Reading

Cater, F. W., 1966, Age of the Uncompahgre uplift and Unaweep Canyon,
west-central Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 550-C, p.
C86-C92.
Everhart, W. C., 1972, The National Park Service, Praeger Library of
U.S. Government Departments and Agencies No. 13: New York,
Praeger Publishers, p. i-xii, 1-276.
Follansbee, Robert, 1929, Upper Colorado River and its utilization:
U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 617, 394 p.
Gilluly, James, Waters, A. C., and Woodford, A. O., 1975, Principles
of Geology [4th ed.]: San Francisco, W. H. Freeman & Co., 527
p.
Hansen, W. R., 1965, The Black Canyon of the Gunnison, today and
yesterday: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1191, 76 p.
Harris, D. V., 1978, The geologic story of the national parks and
monuments [2nd ed.]: Ft. Collins, Colo., Colo. State Univ.
Foundation Press, 325 p.
Hunt, C. B., 1956, Cenozoic geology of the Colorado Plateau: U.S.
Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 279, 99 p.
Keefer, W. R., 1971, The geologic story of Yellowstone National Park,
illustrated by John R. Stacy: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1347, 92
p.
Look, Al, 1951, In my back yard: The Univ. of Denver Press, 318 p.
—— 1955, 1,000 million years on the Colorado Plateau, land of uranium:
Denver, Colo., Bell Publications, 344 p.
Miller, P. H., and Coale, B. V., 1969, Colorado National Monument, a
fantastic landscape sculptured by erosion: Fruita, Colo., The
Colorado-Black Canyon of the Gunnison Nature Assoc., Inc., 73
p.
Peale, A. C., 1877, Geological report on the Grand River district
[Colorado], _in_ F. V. Hayden, U.S. Geol. Survey of the Terr.,
Ann. Rept. 9, 1875: p. 31-101.

Footnotes

[1]Reports referred to in this and some of the subsequent footnotes are
listed under “References” by authors in alphabetical order, followed
by year of publication, and other pertinent data. The report just
referred to is listed as Lohman, 1965a. Other reports of interest
are similarly listed under “Additional reading.”

[2]Lohman, 1965b.

[3]Lohman, 1974.

[4]Lohman, 1975.

[5]For a very interesting account of this colorful character, see Look,
1961-62. My statements regarding Otto were taken mainly from this
account.

[6]So-called buffalo are actually bison.

[7]1961-62, p. 19-21.

[8]Just west of the T-intersection of Monument Road and the eastern
segment of South Broadway.

[9]Wormington and Lister, 1956, p. 81, 119-122.

[10]Archaeological survey of Colorado National Monument, 1963, by George
Stroh, Jr., and George H. Ewing, with laboratory assistance by
William D. Wade. Unpublished duplicated manuscript, 62 p., map,
March 1964. For copies of this and other reports or discussions of
the subject, or both, I am greatly indebted to: Adrienne Anderson,
Regional Archaeologist, Rocky Mountain Region, National Park
Service, Denver; Bruce Rippeteau, State Archaeologist, Denver; John
Crouch, District Archaeologist, Bureau of Land Management, Grand
Junction; H. Marie Wormington, Anthropologist Emeritus, Denver
Museum of Natural History; and Al Look, Grand Junction. Copies of
this and other unpublished reports referred to are on file at the
headquarters of the Monument.

[11]Many of the cliff faces of the Wingate Sandstone, and in parts of
the Plateau other sandstones also, are darkened or blackened by
desert varnish, a natural pigment of iron and manganese oxides,
silica, and clay. (See fig. 32.) The varnish is darker on cliff
faces that have been standing longer. The prehistoric inhabitants of
the canyon country learned that effective and enduring designs could
be created simply by chiseling through the thin dark layer to reveal
the buff, tan, or pink sandstone beneath. These petroglyphs were
chiseled when the rock face was vertical; afterwards the slab fell
to a horizontal position.

[12]The Fremont people were mainly hunters who roamed the Plateau around
A.D. 850 or 900. (See Jennings, 1970.)

[13]Taken mainly from Colorado State Planning Commission, 1959,
Hamilton, 1956, Beckwith, 1854, and Hayden, 1877.

[14]Taken largely from Dellenbaugh, 1902.

[15]Information regarding Kodel and his mine was obtained mainly from Al
Look and C. Frank Moore of Grand Junction and Mrs. Irving C. Beard
of Fruita.

[16]For details see Lohman, 1965a.

[17]See Lohman, 1974.

[18]The Geological Survey has divided the Precambrian into, from oldest
to youngest, the Archean and Proterozoic Eons, with the boundary at
2,500 million years. The two eons now constitute Precambrian time.

[19]Potter and Rossman, 1977.

[20]According to Robert A. Cadigan, U.S. Geological Survey.

[21]See Pipiringos and O’Sullivan, 1975.

[22]See Wright, Shawe, and Lohman, 1962.

[23]Pipiringos and O’Sullivan, 1975.

[24]According to Fred Peterson, U.S. Geological Survey.

[25]Wright, Shawe, and Lohman, 1962; Lohman, 1975.

[26]Paul L. Williams, U.S. Geological Survey, told me in November 1978
that he observed H₂S-bearing spring water leaching the color from
both the Entrada and Wingate Sandstones above Tabeguache Creek some
8 or 10 miles north of Nucla, Colo., and from the Wingate alone
along Onion Creek in eastern Utah.

[27]Lohman, 1965a, p. 47, 48.

[28]Study of a fauna of small vertebrates from the late Jurassic
Morrison Formation of western Colorado, by George C. Callison, 21
pages, June 1978.

[29]_A_, modified from Gilmore, courtesy U.S. National Museum; _B_,
modified from Gilmore, courtesy Carnegie Museum; _C_, modified from
Mathew, courtesy American Museum of Natural History; and _D_,
modified from Romer, after Marsh and Gilmore, courtesy University of
Chicago Press.

[30]From information obtained in several discussions with John R.
Donnell. U.S. Geological Survey.

[31]See Cater, 1970, p. 67.

[32]Lohman 1961, 1965a, 1965b; Hunt 1969, p. 87.

[33]Lohman, 1960, p. 66-100, 88-91.

[34]In the following sections the small numbered triangles in the right
margin refer to key points along the trip routes. Figure 3 shows the
locations of these key points. These numbers should be especially
helpful if the reader happens to follow the road guides in reverse.

[35]One cfs, or one ft³s⁻¹, = 448.8 gallons a minute or 2446.6 cubic
meters a day.

[36]Lohman, 1965a, p. 44.

[37]Lohman, 1965a, p. 22.

[38]Lohman, 1963, 1965a.

[39]Lohman, 1965a, p. 22, 23.

[40]Lohman, 1965a, p. 106, well 33.

[41]Lohman, 1963; 1965a, pl. 1.

[42]Lohman, 1965a, p. 15.

[43]Lohman, 1965a.

[44]Lohman, 1965b.

_Index_

Italic page numbers indicate major references or pre-eminent views

Page

A
Acknowledgments, 130
Agate, 53
Airport, Walker Field, 85
Albuquerque, N. Mex., 16
Algae, 27, 47
_Allosaurus_, 4, 50, _52_, 60
Anasazi people, 129
Animals, buffalo, _3_, 91, 94, 105
cattle, 101
deer, 2
elk, 2, 109
sheep, 99
Anthropoid primates, 76
Anticlines, 61, _62_
_Apatosaurus_, 50, _52_
_excelcus_, 96
Archaeological survey, 1963, 8
Archean Eon, 24, 125
Arches, _61_
Arches National Park, XI, 36, 129
Area, Colorado National Monument, 5
Artesian wells, 14
Artifacts, Indian, 5, 8
Artificial fill, view, _98_
Artists Point, 45, 105
view, _46_

B
Balanced Rock, 99
Basalt, 71
Basins, 61, _62_, 63
Battlement Mesa, lava flows, 21, 63, 64, _71_
views, 30, 33
Beard, Irving, 12
Bentonite, 49
Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Monument, 38, 128
Black Ridge, 53, 55
Black Ridge Trail, _99_
Book Cliffs, _18_, 56, 73
coal, 60
views, 30, 33, _57_, 100
Book Cliffs View, 102, 104
_Brachiosaurus_, 50
_altithorax_, 91
monument, Riggs Hill, 90
Broadway, 86, 89, _92_-95
Brown-Stanton river expedition, 11
Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation, 47, 90, 96
bentonite, 49
views, _48_, _95_
Bryce Canyon National Park, 63, 130
Buffalo, 3, 91, 94, 105
Burro Canyon Formation, 53, 55, 90, 96, 118
unconformity, 118
views, 48, _54_
water, 15