Chapter XIII: Book V: The Technique of a Nation's Being Born Again (1)

I

RECONSTRUCTION

I started this book taking the Crowd for my hero--that faint bodiless phantasmagoric presence, that helpless fog or mist of humanity called the People.

I have proceeded upon two premises.

A spirit not connected with a body is without a technique, without the mechanical means of self-expression or self-fulfillment. It is a ghost trying to have a family.

A body not connected with its spirit is without a technique for seeing what to do. It is without the spiritual means of self-expression and self-fulfillment. It is like a sewing-machine trying to have a family.

Some of my readers will remember a diagram in "Crowds" in which I divided people off roughly into

Inventors Artists Hewers
or or
See-ers Engineers
Those who work
Men who invent Men who invent out and finish
things to do. ways and means what the see-ers
and make it possible and engineers
to do them. have begun.

I have based what I have to say in the next few chapters on this anatomy or rather this biology of a nation's human nature.

In the next few pages I am dealing not with the reconstruction but with the reconception of a nation.

Reconstruction is a dead difficult laborious thing to try to put off on a boundless superabundant ganglion of a hundred million lives like the American people.

In the crisis that confronts America to-day not only the most easy, but the most natural and irresistible way for this nation to be a great nation is to fall in love.

I am enlarging in these next few pages upon how crowds and experts--that is: crowds and their men of vision and engineers can come to an understanding and get together.

I wish to state certain particular things I think are going to be done by the people--that the people may be conscious of themselves, may be drawn into the vision of the world and of themselves, that in this their great hour in history, a great people may be born again.

II

NATIONAL BIOLOGY

A man in being born the first time is the invention of others. Being born again is the finding of oneself, oneself,--the spiritual invention of one's own life.

Being born again is far more intelligent than being born the first time.

All one has to do to see this, is to look about and see the people who have done it.

When one is being born the first time one does not even know it. One is not especially intelligent the first time and could not really help it. And nobody else could help it.

When one is being born again it takes all one can know and all one can know and do, and all everybody around one knows, and all everybody around can do, to help one do it. In 1776 when America was being born first, America did not have the slightest idea of what was happening. It has taken one hundred and forty-four birthdays to guess.

A nation is born the first time with its eyes shut.

But in this terrible 1920 when America is being born again, she can only manage to be born again by knowing all about herself, by disrobing herself to be born again, by a supreme colossal act of self-devotion, self-discovery, self-consciousness and consciousness of the world, naked before God, reading the hearts of forty nations, a thousand years and the unborn, and knowing herself,--slipping off her old self and putting on her new self.

III

THE AIR LINE LEAGUE

The first thing a spirit in this world usually does to find a body is to select a father and mother. The American people if it is to be embodied and have the satisfaction and power of making itself felt and expressing itself, can only do so by following the law of life.

A hundred million people can only get connected with a body, acquire a presence--find itself as a whole, the way each one of the hundred million people did alone.

In a nation's being born again three types of mind are necessarily involved.

The minds in America that create or project, the inventors.

The minds that bring up.

The minds that conceive and bring to the birth.

These three classes of spiritual forces are concerned in America in making the people stop being a ghost, in making their American people as an idea, physically fit.

The first thing to be arranged for America to make the people quit being a ghost in The White House, is to form into three bodies or organizations, these three, groups of men--make these three groups of men class-conscious, self-conscious, conscious of their own power and purpose in America--and have everybody in America conscious of them. I propose three organizations to stand for these three life-forces, three organizations which will act--each of which will act with the other two and will follow out for a nation, as individuals do for individuals, the law of life--of producing and reproducing the national life.

The minds that are creative will discover and project a national idea for the people--the inventors, will act as one group.

The minds that conceive and bring the idea to the birth, that bring the idea to pass, called engineers, will act as another, and the minds that teach, bring up, draw out and apply the idea and relate the idea to life--will act as another.

I propose a club of fifty thousand creative men be selected and act together--that a nation may be conceived.

I propose that fifty thousand engineers or how-men, men who think out ways and means, be selected and act together, that the nation that is conceived may be born.

These two Clubs will have their national headquarters together in a skyscraper hotel of their own in New York and will act together--in bringing an idea for the people into the world.

The third Club--twenty or thirty million people, on the scale of the Red Cross--in ten thousand cities, will apply and educate the idea, bring it up and put it through.

* * * * *

What one's soul is for, I suppose, is that one can use it when one likes, to contemplate and to enjoy an Idea.

What one has a body for with reference to an idea is to take it up, try it out and put it through.

The Air Line League proposes to cooerdinate these three functions and operate as a three in one club.

The idea would be to call the first of the clubs, the club of inventors, the Look-Up Club. The second, a club of how-men and engineers, the Try-Out Club, and the third--the operating club of the vast body of the people taking direct action and putting the thing through locally and nationally would be called The Put-Through Clan.

The Air Line League through these three clubs will undertake to help the people to stop being an abstraction, to swear off from being a Ghost in their own house. The great working majority of the American people--of the men and the women who made the Red Cross so effective during the war, which came to the rescue of the people of the nation with the people of other nations, will come to the rescue now, during the war the people are having and that the classes of people are having with one another.

IV

THE LOOK-UP CLUB LOOKS UP

Sec. 1. _For Instance._

Such a crisis as this nation has now, Springfield, Massachusetts, had once.

Springfield a few years ago, all in a few weeks, threw up the chance of being Detroit because two or three automobile men who belonged in Springfield and wanted to make Springfield as prosperous as Detroit, were practically told to go out to Detroit and find the men who would have the imagination to lend them the money--to make Springfield into a Detroit.

Naturally when they found bankers with imagination in Detroit they stayed there.

What happened to Springfield is what is going to happen to America if we do not make immediate national arrangements for getting men who have imagination in business in this country, men who can invent manpower, to know each other and act together.

The twenty-five hundred dollars Frank Cousins of Detroit recognized Henry Ford with, a few years ago, he gave back the other day to Henry Ford for twenty-nine million dollars.

People say as if that was all there was to it, that the fate of this nation to-day turns on our national manpower.

But what does our national man-power turn on?

It turns on people's knowing and knowing in the nick of time, a man when they see one.

Man-power in a democracy like ours turns on having inventors, bankers and crowds act together.

Sometimes banks hold things back by being afraid to cooeperate with inventors or men of practical imagination.

This is called conservatism.

Sometimes it is the crowds and laborers who hold things back by being afraid to cooeperate with leaders or men of imagination.

But the fate of all classes turns upon our having men of creative imagination believed in by men who furnish money, and believed in by men who furnish labor.

The idea of the Look-Up Club is that men of creative imagination shall be got together, shall be made class-conscious, shall feel and use their power themselves and put it where other people can use it.

How much time and how many years of producing-power would it have saved America if Alexander Graham Bell had known or could have had ready to appeal to, America's first hundred thousand picked men of imagination, when he was trudging around ringing doorbells in Boston, trying to supply people with imagination enough to see money in telephones?

If William G. McAdoo, when he had invented with his tunnels, a really great conception of the greater New York, and was fighting to get people in New York to believe in it, and act on it, had had an organization of one hundred thousand picked men of imagination in the nation at large to appeal to--one hundred thousand men picked out by one another to put a premium on constructive imagination when they saw some, instead of a penalty on it, how much time would it have saved New York and saved McAdoo? How much time would a national Club like this save this nation to-day and from now on in its race with the Germans?

Why should our men of practical creative imagination to-day waste as much time running around and asking permission of people who had none, as McAdoo had to?

* * * * *

If a hundred thousand silver dollars--just ordinary silver dollars--were put together in a row in New York on a sidewalk, everybody going by would have imagination at once about the one hundred thousand silver dollars and what could be done with them.

But put one hundred thousand picked men--or men of exceptional power together in a row in New York--and why is it everybody is apt to feel at first a little vague and troubled about them, stands off around the corner and wonders what can be done with one hundred thousand immortal human beings?

I wish people would have as much imagination about what could be done with one hundred thousand fellow human beings picked out and got together from the men of this nation, as they would have about one hundred thousand silver dollars.

This is one of the first things the Look-Up Club is for, to get people to be inspired by a hundred thousand men put together, in the same way that they are by a hundred thousand dollars put together.

* * * * *

I went out last night and walked up the Great White Way and looked at the little flock of hotels that are standing to-day on the site of my faith in these hundred thousand men--the site of the new hotel--the little sleeping shelf in the roar of New York for the hundred thousand men to have on Broadway.

I stood and looked at the five or six hotels now standing there waiting to be torn down for us, and ---- told me that the seventeen parcels of land in the block that he had labored on forty-seven people to get them to make up their minds to put their lots together, were worth only a million and a half of dollars, either to them or to anybody else, while they were making up their minds to let their lots be put together. And now that he had got their minds made up for them and had got all these foolish, distracted seventeen parcels of land together into one, the land instead of being worth one million and a half dollars, was appraised by ---- the other day as worth four and a half million dollars.

The same is true of the hundred thousand men of practical imagination scattered in five thousand cities, twiddling on the fate of a nation alone.

The same thing is going to happen to the value of the men that has happened to the separate lumps of sand and clay they called real estate in New York.

What can I manage to accomplish alone in trying to get to Chicago to-morrow morning?

All I could do alone would be to walk.

As it is, I stand in line a minute at a window in the Grand Central Station, make a little arrangement with several hundred thousand men and with a slip of paper I move to Chicago while I go to sleep.

This power for each man of a hundred thousand men is what I am offering in this little book to the nine hundred and ninety thousand others.

What will we do, what ideas will we carry out?

Get one hundred thousand picked men together and what can they not do, what ideas can they not carry out?

What is hard, what is priceless, is getting the men and getting the men together. Everybody who has ever done anything knows this.

What we are doing is not to get values together, but the men who keep creating the values.

The men who have created already the values of five thousand cities, shall now create values for a nation.

I am not writing to people--to the hundred thousand men who are going to be nominated to the Look-Up Club--to ask them whether they think this idea of mine--of having the first hundred thousand men of vision of this country in a Club, is going through or not.

I am writing them and asking them if--if it is going through--they want to belong to it.

Very few men can speak with authority--even if they would, as to what the other ninety-nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine men will possibly do or not do with my idea in this book. But any man can speak with authority and speak immediately when he gets to the end of it, as to how he feels himself, whether he wants or likes the idea, and wants to count one to bring the idea to pass.

I speak up for myself in this book. Anybody can see it. If every man will confine himself in the same way, and will stake off himself and attend to himself at the end of this book and say what he wants--we will all get what we want.

The proposition looks rather big, mathematically, but looked at humanly, it is a simple straight human-nature question. All I really ask of each man who is nominated is,

"If the first hundred thousand men who have imagination in business are being selected and brought together out of all the other business men in America, do you want to be one of them? Who are the ten, twenty or fifty men of practical vision in business--especially young men, you think ought not to be left out?"

It is all an illusion about numbers and sizes of things.

The way to be national is to be personal, for each man to take sides with the best in himself.

Suddenly across a nation we look in a hundred thousand faces.

Sec. 2. _Why the Look-Up Club Looks Up._

The Constitution does not provide for an Imagination Department for the United States Government.

It has judicial, executive and legislative departments, but a department made up of men of vision to create, conceive and reconceive, go deeper and see further than law and restraints can go, does not exist in our Government.

We have a Judicial Department to decide on whether what is born has a right to live--a Legislative Department to pass rules under on how it shall be obliged to live--and an Executive Department to make it mind--but the department to create and to conceive for the people is lacking.

Government at best is practically a dear uncle or dear maiden-aunt institution.

Government as a physical expression is without functions of reproduction.

Government--contrary to the theory of the Germans--from the point of view of sheer power in projecting and determining the nature and well-being of men--the fate of men and the world--is superficial, is a staid, standardized, unoriginal affair--devoted to ready-made ideas like the Red Cross during the war.

This is what is the matter with a Government's posing in this or any other nation as a live body for the people.

The spontaneous uprising of business men during the war--the spectacle of the dollar a year men overwhelming and taking over the government, the breaking in of the National Council of Defense--the spontaneous combustion of millions of free individuals into one colossal unit like the Red Cross--all the other outbreaks of the creative vital power of the superior people of the nation, all point to the fact that when new brain tracks are called for, the natural irresistible way is to find individual persons who have them, who make them catching to other individual persons, and who then give body to them across the nation.

Its whole nature and action of a Government tend to make Government and most of the people in it mechanical.

In the nature of things and especially in the nature of human nature, this nation--if its new ideas and its new brain tracks are to come to anything at all, they must have a spontaneous willful and comparatively free origin and organization of their own.

Hence the Look-Up Club cooeperating with the Try-Out Club to act as an informal Imagination Department for the United States.

V

THE TRY-OUT CLUB TRIES OUT

Sec. 1. _I_ + _You_ = _We._

If Darius the Great had put the eunuchs of his court in charge as Special Commissioners for controlling the social evil in Babylon, they would have made very sad work of what they had to do because they would not have understood what it was all about. They would not have had the insight necessary to measure their job, to lay out a great engineering project in human nature, determine the difficulties and the working principles and go ahead.

What makes a man a man is the way he takes all the knowledge, the penetrating lively enriching knowledge his selfishness gives--his vision of what he wants for himself, and all the broadening enriching knowledge his unselfishness gives--his imagination about what he wants for others, and pours the two visions together.

The law of business is the law of biology--action--reaction--interaction. I + You = We.

It is getting to be reckless for the people in other nations to sit around and gossip about how bad it is for the Germans to be so selfish. It is reckless for capital to gossip about how selfish labor is--and for labor to putter away trying to make capital pure and noble like a labor union.

There are far worse things than selfishness in people.

Being fooled about oneself is worse because it is more difficult to get at, meaner, more cowardly and far more dangerous for others.

* * * * *

This chapter has been written so far on a pad in my pocket while inhabiting or rather being packed in as one of the bacilli with twenty other men, in the long narrow throat or gullet of a dining-car. When I was swallowed finally and was duly seated, the man who was coupled off with me--a perfect stranger who did not know he was helping me write this chapter in my book, reached out and started to hand himself the salt and then suddenly saw I might want it too and passed it to me.

He summed up in three seconds the whole situation of what democracy is, the whole question between the Germans and the other peoples of the earth.

With one gesture across a little white table he settled the fate of a world.

His selfishness, his own personal accumulated experience with an egg, made him see that he wanted salt in it.

His unselfishness made him see that I must be sitting there wanting salt in an egg as much as he did.

So he took what his selfishness made him see on the one hand and what his unselfishness made him see on the other, put them together and we had the salt together.

Incidentally he finished this chapter and dramatized (just as I was wishing somebody would before I handed it in) the idea I am trying to express in it. This in a small way is a perfect working model of what I call civilization. Unselfishness in business is not a civilization at all. It is a premature, tired, sickly, fuddle-headed heaven.

Imagination about other people based upon imagination about what one wants oneself, is the manly, unfooled, clean-cut energy that rules the world.

The appetites in people which make them selfish supply them with such a rich big equipment for knowing what other people want, that if they really use this equipment in a big business way for getting it for them, no one can compete with them.

A righteous man if he has any juice in him at all and is not a mere giver, a squush of altruism, a mere negative self-eliminating, self-give-up, self-go-without person--is a selfish person and an unselfish person mixed. What he calls his character is the proportion in which he chooses to mix himself.

Half the trouble with this poor foolish morally dawdling old world to-day is that it is still hoping fondly it is going to be pulled straight into the kingdom of heaven by morally sterilized, spiritually pasteurized persons, by men who are trying to set the world right by abolishing the passions instead of by understanding them, instead of taking the selfishness and unselfishness we all have, controlling them the way other antagonisms in nature are controlled and making them work together.

People in other nations are as selfish in their way as the Germans are in theirs--capital is as selfish as labor, or labor as capital. The fundamental virtue in modern business men, the spiritual virility that makes for power is their gift of using their selfishness to some purpose, in understanding people with whom they deal and learning how to give them what they want.

It takes more brains to pursue a mutual interest with a man than to slump down without noticing him into being an altruist with him. Any man can be a selfish man in a perfectly plain way and any man can be an altruist--if he does not notice people enough, but it takes all the brains a man has and all the religion he has to pursue with the fear of God and the love of one's kind, a mutual interest with people one would like to give something to and leave alone.

This is what I call the soul of true business and of live salesmanship.

I put it forward as the moral or spiritual basis on which the engineers in the Try-Out Club, of the Air Line League, propose to act.

The way for America to meet the German militaristic and competitive idea of business and of the business executive--the idea that brought on the war, is for America and the rest of the world to put forward something and put forward something quick, as a substitute for it, sell to themselves, sell to one another and to the Germans before it is too late, a substitute for it.

The American engineers of business or great executives--the how-men and inventors of how to bring things to pass, must put forward the pursuit of mutual interests in the largest sense, pursuit of mutual interests generously and finely conceived, the selfishness and unselfishness mixed, as this substitute.

Sec. 2. _The Engineer At Work._

The crowning glory of a nation is the independence and the spiritedness of its labor.

I rejoice daily that the war has made a man expensive, has made it impossible for men to succeed in business any longer as employers who do not love work, who cannot make other men love their work, and who have nothing in themselves or in their job or the way they make the job catching--who cannot get men to work for them except by offering them more money than they can earn.

The fact that no man is so cheap he can be had by merely being paid money--the fact that no man is so unimportant but he has to be approached as a fellow human being and has to be persuaded--and given something human and real, is the first faint flush of hope for our modern world. It lets in an inkling at last that the industrial world is going to be a civilization.

* * * * *

If men were made of india-rubber, or reinforced concrete, or wood or steel, no one could hope for better or more efficient men to manage big business than the typical big business men of the phase of American industry now coming to an end.

But of course in the crisis business is facing now, which turns on the putting forward of men who understand and can play masterfully upon the motives, temptations and powers of ordinary human nature the typical man we know at the Mahogany Desk, who has a machine imagination, who sees men as dots and dreams between piles of dollars and rows of machines, is a singularly helpless person and can only hold his own in his own business by giving way and putting forward in place of himself, men who are masters in human nature, experts and inventors in making men want to work.

The difference between the business world that is passing out and the one that is coming in, is that the masters of the world who have been proud before, to be called the captains of industry, are going to think of themselves and want others to think of them as the fathers of industry. The man who orders can no longer order. People will only work and work hard for the man who fills them with new conceptions, who stirs the depths of their lives with desire and hope.

The reason that reactionary capital is having trouble with labor, is that it is putting forward men who order instead of putting forward fathers and inventors.

The reason that the I. W. W. and other labor organizations are having trouble with capital, is that their leaders are not inventors. They are tired conventional men governed by automatic preconceptions, merely doing over again more loudly and meanly against society, the things that capital has already tried and has had to give up because it could not make them work.

Only inventors--executives who invent and fertilize opportunity for others--men who invent ways of making men see values--men who create values and who present people with values they want to work out, are going to get anything--either money or work, from now on, out of anybody.

Sec. 3. _The Engineer and the Game._

The time has gone by when a man can say any longer he is not in business for the fun of it. He finds he cannot long compete with the men about him who are, with engineers and others who are in business for the great game of producing results, of doing difficult things, of testing their knowledge, their skill and their strength.

Making men want to work has come to be the secret of success in modern business and the employer who has nothing but wages to offer, nothing in his own passion for work which he can make catching to others, can only get second-rate, half-hearted men and plodders about him. A factory in which the workmen merely work for wages, cannot hope to compete with a factory fitted up with picked men proud of their work.

It is not going to be necessary to scold people into not being selfish, or whine people into loving their work. A man who is so thin-blooded that the one way he can get work out of himself is to make money--the man who grows rich by ordering, by gobbling, and by hiring gobblers and plodders, cannot function under the new conditions. The guarantee that we are going to have a civilization now, that business with joy in it and personal initiative and motive in the work itself, is going to take possession of the markets of the world is based on the fact that labor has to have its imagination touched in order to work efficiently, and an entirely new level and new type of man--the man who can touch men's imaginations, is being put forward in business to do it.

The Engineer is going to have somewhat the quieting effect upon institutions and upon the spirit of unrest in the people, when he is known to be in control of the great employers and has made them dependent on him, that the matter of fact and rather conclusive taxi meter in a cab has on the man inside, who wants to quarrel with his cabman.

A business world largely in control of men who have the spirit and the technique of engineers will make unrest more awkward, will make the red flag look stranger, feel stranger and lonelier every day.

Sec. 4. _The American Business Sport._

If any man ever again in this world finds like Methuselah, the secret of eternal youth, the secret will be found to consist in being, I suspect, what the best American business man already is--what I would call a fine all-round religious sport.

Sport has certain well-known disadvantages. So has religion. The man who once grasps the secret of modern life as practiced by a really big engineering genius, insists upon having his business allowed all the advantages of sport and religion both.

To have something on which one spends ten hours a day, which has all the advantages without the disadvantages of being a sport, and all the advantages without the disadvantages of being a religion, is a find.

The typical engineer, like any other thorough-going man treats what he does as a sport. That is, he puts his religion for the fun of it into his business. His business becomes the continual lark of making his religion work. He dramatizes in it his belief in human nature and in God, his belief that human nature is not crazy and that God has not been outwitted in allowing so much of it to exist.

It has looked especially reckless during the last four years for God to let human nature try to keep on being human nature any longer. Now is the time of all others, and Germany is now the country of all others, to show with a whole world looking on how essentially sound human nature really is, and how being human (especially being human in a thing which everybody cares about and which everybody notices, like business) really works.

There has never been such a chance dreamed of for a nation before in history, the chance America has now of dramatizing to Germans, and dramatizing through the Germans to everybody, an idea of business efficiency that shall be in itself not only in its spirit but in its very substance, peace come into the world.

People shall not put up with mere leagues and truces, arbitration boards, fight-dove-tailings. They shall not sit at tables and twirl laws at people--to make them peaceful....

* * * * *

The only men in modern business who can now hope to get to the top are the men who are in a position to hire men who do not work for wages.

Making men want to work is the secret of the engineer in production.

The secret of modern industry is the secret of the man who loves his work. To the sporting man, the gentleman, the man who loves the game, the prize goes now in competition with Gobblers and Plodders.

The Engineer or Winner instead of the Compeller of Men is going to draw out new kinds and new sizes of laboring men in industry at every point. The Engineer we count on in the Try-Out Club is the man who superimposes upon the normal and suitable motive in his business of being selfish enough to make money to keep the business up, the motive of the gentleman, the professional man, the artist, the engineer, the sport--the motive of doing a thing for its own sake, and because one likes it.

The expression "I am not in business for the fun of it" is going by.

What we are going to do with the mere half-alive profit-plodders--the mere wage gobblers, is not to improve them by making moral eyes at them, or discipline them by putting down lids of laws over them or by firing taxes at them. We are going to discipline men like these by driving them into the back streets of business, as anaemic, second-rate and inefficient men in bringing things to pass.

A man who in a tremendous and absorbing adventure like real business is so thin-blooded or thick-headed that all he can get work out of himself for is money, will only be able to get the plodding kind of second-rate workers to work for him, _i.e._, he will be able to get only plodders who merely work for money, by paying higher wages than other people have to--by paying higher wages than they can earn.

In other words, civilized business, business with joy in it and personal initiative and human interest in the work itself, is going to drive uncivilized plodding half-hearted business out of the markets of the world.

The men who are expressing through the hearts of the people their best, more lasting and more powerful selves, in business, who are gathering around them other people who are doing it, the men who try out their best selves in business--who invent ways as executives to make their best selves work for them and for others, are having to-day before our eyes, the world placed in their hands. Men who represent vital forces like these, are as solid, unconquerable in human life as the force of gravity, the multiplication table they are. They find themselves dominating like radium, penetrating like fresh air, drawing all things to them like the sky, the stars, like spring, like the love of women and of children and the love of Christ.

The idea of having imagination about a customer and studying a customer as a means of winning his trade, his personal enthusiasm and confidence, is not considered sentimental.

Having imagination about one's employees so that they will work in the same spirit as the other partners, is no longer considered sentimental except by the type of employer now being driven to the wall because he has no technique for making anybody want to work for him. As things go to-day it is the leader in industry who is trying to keep up a fine comfortable feeling of being a captain of industry--the man who feels he owns everything and owns everybody in sight, who is visionary and sentimental, who is the Don Quixote of business now.

The employer who feels superior to individuals, who looks at men as dots and dreams--and who expects to deal with a man subconsciously and get on with him as if he were not there--the employer who is an absentee in soul and body, and who gives an order to his men and then goes off and leaves them like pumps, hydraulic rams, that of course cannot help slaving away for him until they are stopped--the employer who during the first stupid stages of our new machine-industry, has been allowed to be prominent for a time, now stands exposed as too wooden and incompetent to conduct the intimately personal, difficult and human institution a factory has got to be if it succeeds (in a country with men like ours) in producing goods.

From now on the big man in business is the man who gets work out of people that money cannot buy. The man who cannot get the work that money cannot buy in a few years now, is not going to stand the ghost of a chance.

People will not believe you if you tell them what the world was like when he did.

* * * * *

Mastering others so that they have to do what one says is superficial, merely a momentarily successful-looking way a man has of being a failure. This master has been tried. He has failed. He is the half-inventor of Bolshevism.

The real master is not the man who masters men, but who makes them master themselves. The masterful man in getting out of people what he wants, is the man who makes the people want him to have what he wants--makes them keep giving it to him fresh out of their hearts every day.

The wholesale national and international criticism the Red Cross workers made in the latter months of the Red Cross activities, of the touch-the-button and hand-down-the-order methods of many of the business men who controlled the activities at home and abroad--of the millions of workers in the Red Cross, has been itself a kind of national education in what certain types of American business men placed in power fell inadvertently into, in trying to treat millions of free people on the employer and employee plan.

But these men and their whole idea are going by. We are getting down to the quick, to the personal and the human, to the sense all good workers have of listening and being listened to and of not being overridden. Big business after this is going to be big in proportion as it makes people feel--employees and customers both, that they are listened to, that they are being dealt with as individual human beings and not as fractions of individuals, or as part of some big vague bloodless lump of humanity.

Studying one's customers so as to make them want to trade with one is here to stay.

To speak of studying with the best expert skill in the country one's employees so as to make them want to work, as humanity, is not quite bright. It is not humanity. It is business.

Making people trade with one instead of making them want to trade with one is recognized as second-rate business. So is making people work for one instead of making them want to work. The business man who depends for his business, on customers, or on workers who want to get away and are going to the first minute they can, naturally goes under first.

VI

THE PUT-THROUGH CLAN PUTS THROUGH

Sec. 1. _What._

We are a people who think in action. Our way of making other nations think and of thinking ourselves is to do things.

The people who swept into and took over the Red Cross, who dramatized the American people in the war abroad--are the people who are going to make war at home impossible.

The big spiritual or material fact about the Red Cross is that it has been a dramatic organization, that for four years it has been an organization for acting out the feelings, desires, wills and beliefs of a great people toward men who were fighting for liberty.

The Red Cross has been a great emotional epic play, an expression in action, of the heart and brain of a mighty nation.

Emotions by great peoples have been spectacular before, and they have been sentimental and they have been occupied with enjoying themselves.

But in the Red Cross twenty million people have been as inspired as Saint Francis and as practical as a Steel Trust in the same breath.

The vision of the future of the Put-Through Clan that lies ahead is that it shall keep on dramatizing these qualities in the American character at home, selecting things to do which shall dramatize our people to one another, to themselves and to the people of other nations.

* * * * *

The way to make democracy work is for the people to use their brains, their spirit and their imagination to do team-work with the inventors and engineers who help express their democracy for them.

The platform of the Put-Through Clan is the right of all to be waited on.

Skilled labor has a right to be waited on by skilled capital.

Skilled capital has a right to skilled labor in return.

The new and stupendous force in modern life from now on is to be the skilled consumer--the organization of the consumer-group to cooeperate with skilled capital and skilled labor, to make it impossible as it is now, for unskilled capital, capital which has not the skill to win the public, or to win its own labor, and for unskilled labor, labor which cannot earn its money and takes it whether it earns it or not, to compel the consumer by force and by holdups to buy goods they do not want at prices they are not worth from men with whom they do not want to deal. The skilled consumer will organize his skill and deal with the people he wants.

All the people of this country--the consumers (the real employers of all employers) have to do, is to whisper in one national whisper through a hundred thousand grocery stores and other stores what kind of employers and workmen, what kind of goods and factories they like, and the buyers and consumers of America instead of taking what is poked out at them because they have to, and being the fools and the slaves of capital and labor, will get with a whisper what they request, and we will return and will let employers and workmen return, to the status of human beings.

Sec. 2. _How._

The test of a man's truth is his technique.

What Mathias Alexander believes about conscious control and making self-discipline work is true because he does not have to say it. He dramatizes it.

Alexander is right in his fundamental idea of giving conscious control to people through new brain tracks toward their bodies because they get up and walk away from him when they have been with him, with their new brain tracks on. New habits--new psycho-physical habits, like Culebra cuts are put right through them.

The man who conceives or invents may be wrong, the man who experiments or tries out, may need to be watched, but the man who puts through is inviolable.

The program, the spirit and the function of the Put-Through Clan in a town, is to embody truth so baldly and with such a shameless plainness that no matter how hard they try, people cannot tug away from it.

* * * * *

There are three courses we might take in the Put-Through Clan in dealing with our town. (1) We can stand for disciplining capital and labor into shape by passing laws and heaping up penalties. (2) We can let them see how much better they can make things by sicking them on to each other and having them discipline each other. (3) We can make fun of both of them until they make fun of themselves and each class begins disciplining itself. Then general self-discipline will set in. We propose to indulge--each group of us in the Put-Through Clan--the labor group in the town, the employer group and the public group, in self-disciplining ourselves, until the thing is made catching out of sheer shame and decency in others.

Sec. 3. _Psycho-Analysis._

The scientific basis for psycho-analysis for a town, or for a labor union, or for a Republican or Democratic Party, is found in the facts that have been stated by Mathias Alexander in his book and demonstrated by his work.

Professor John Dewey in his introduction to Mr. Alexander's book speaks of what Mr. Alexander stands for, as Completed Psycho-analysis.

As Alexander's technique for pulling one particular man, soul and body, together, is precisely the technique I have in mind for pulling a nation together, I want to dwell on it a moment longer before applying it to the Put-Through Clan.

The first thing a man is always fooled about is his own body and in everything else he is fooled about, he just branches out from that.

The Put-Through Clan proceeds upon the idea that this is as true of his political or social or industrial body to which he belongs as it is of his first one.

Reform must be self-reform first.

If it is true that the majority of ideas and decisions most people think they make with their minds are really made for them and handed up to them by their bodies--if it is true that what people quite commonly use their minds for is to keep up appearances, to give rational-looking excuses and reasons for their wanting what their stomachs and livers and nerves make them want, the way to persuade people nowadays is to do what Christ did--get their minds out from under the domination of their bodies.

If it is true that when a man goes to his dentist with a toothache, he finds he does not know which side of his mouth it is on, it is likely to be still more true of all the rest of his ideas about himself--his ideas about his ideas.

If everything about us, about most of us is more or less like this, as Alexander says--wires or nerves all twisted, sensory impressions upside down, half of what is inside our bodies mislaid half the time, the way to change people's minds is to change them toward the bodies they are with and that they are nearest to, first. Then we can branch out and educate others--even educate ourselves.

Millions of grown people, in religion, business and politics to-day in America can be seen thinking automatically of the world about them in the terms of themselves, in the terms of their own souls sadly mixed up with their own bodies. We all know such people. The world is just an extension, a kind of annex or wing, built out from themselves full of reflections from their own livers, and fitted up throughout with air castles, dungeons, twilights, sunrises, after-glows, from their own precious interior decorations and bowels and mercies.

The basic fact about human nature the Put-Through Clan acts on is the simplest thing in the world. We are always having moments of seeing it. We all see how true it is in babies we have personally known. We recognize it without a qualm in a baby, that his emotions and reflections about life, about Time and Eternity, and about things in general are just reflections of a milk bottle he has just had, or of a milk bottle he has not just had and wants to know why.

I have often tried to translate a baby's cry in his crib, into English. As near as I can come to it, it is

"I don't think my mother knows WHO I AM!"

What a baby is really doing is disciplining other people.

Not so very different after all from Senator Lodge pivoting as he has for six months a whole world on himself and on his having his own little way with it, disciplining the rest of the Senate, forty nations and a President, and everybody in sight--except himself.

If a patient nation could put him in a crib, everybody would understand. Many people apparently are deceived by his beard, or by his degree at Harvard, or other clothes. But it is the same thing. What is really happening to him--to Senator Lodge is really a kind of spiritual neuritis. He is cramped, or as the vulgar more perspicuously and therefore more fittingly and elegantly put it, his mind is stuck on himself. He is imbedded in his own mereness and now as anybody can see there is nothing that can be done by anybody with anything, not with a whole world for a crowbar, to pry Lodge off himself.

Most of us know other people like this. Most of us have moments and subjects on which as we have remembered afterwards we have needed to be pried off. The same is true, of course, of a political body like the Republican or Democratic Party, or of a labor union.

The best that most of us--whole towns of us--can do is to get up as we propose for a whole town to do in the Put-Through Clan on the same platform, stand there cheerfully all together on the great general platform and admit in chorus sweetly, that we are all probably this blessed moment and every day being especially fooled more or less by ourselves about ourselves, about the things nearest to us--especially our own personal bodies and political and industrial souls and bodies. The only difference between people who are put into insane asylums and those of us who are still allowed from day to day a little longer to stay out, is that we can manage, if we try, some of us, to be more limber about calling ourselves fools in time. For all practical purposes in this world, it may be said that the people who are wise and deep about keeping themselves reminded that they may be crazy any minute, are sane.

What happens to people--to most people when they are grown up is that they stop being simple and honest like a baby. But they all have practically the same essential thought when they are being disagreeable. They are trying to make the world around them toe the line to their own interior decorations. What they think, what they feel, what they do in the little back parlors of their own minds must be daubed on the ceiling of the world.

The joy of toleration, of new ideas, of rows and tiers of their non-selves, and of their yet-selves reaching away around them that they can still know and share and can still take over and have the use of in addition to the mere self they already have, they hold off from.

This is where the baby has the advantage of them.

Sec. 4. _Psycho-Analysis for a Town._

When a man thinks of himself and wants other people to think of him as an institution--as a kind of church--of course it makes him very unhappy to believe he is wrong, but the minute he thinks of himself as a means to an end, thinks of his personality as a tool placed in his hand for getting what he wants or what a world wants--the minute a man thinks of himself as a kind of spirit-auger, or chisel of the soul, or as a can-opener to truth, which if it is a little changed one way or the other, or held differently, will suddenly work--changing himself toward himself, and believing what he would rather not, becomes like any other invention or discovery, a creative pleasure.

In saying that the main thing the Put-Through Clan is for in a town, is to act as town-headquarters for the town's seeing through itself, as a means of making the town the best, the happiest town in the state--as a means of making it a town that deserves anything it wants, I am merely saying that the act of self-invention--the act of recreation once entered into as a habit is so refreshing and so extraordinary in itself, and so practical in its results, that when people once see how it really works--when towns and parties and industrial groups get once started in self-discipline, in self-confession, in psycho-analysis and in taking advantage of opposite ideas--there is going to be an epidemic in this country, a flu of truth.

A whole city or a whole town indulging in psycho-analysis finds it less embarrassing and not more embarrassing than one man does.

When it becomes the thing for a city or for a capital or labor group to see through itself and then collect on the benefit of it, the main thought cities and labor unions and employee managers will have about it will be a wonder they had not thought of it and done it before.

And it will be economical, too, if people take the seeing through them that has to be done by some one, and do it themselves.

Three per cent of the conveniences--the public X-ray machines for keeping people from being fooled about themselves will be enough.

The minute we begin turning the X-ray outfit around and begin trying it modestly on ourselves, a small cheap outfit will do.

It is a mere phonograph-record to say that nobody likes self-discipline. What people do not like, is trying it, or getting started.