Chapter XXV: Part III: ), notwithstanding the admirable work of the French pacifist (2)

Faguet, advocate of war, 216
Farrar, Dean, advocate of war, 166
Farrer, 42
Fian, Dr., 208
Finance:
interdependence of credit-built position of, on German invasion, 31;
investment secure in small States, 36, 37, 38, 39, 42, 43;
in its relation to industry, 54-56;
position of Bank of England on German invasion, 56-58;
effect on bank rate of financial crisis in New York, 58-59;
effect of repudiation in South American States, 77-78;
why repudiation is unprofitable, 78-79;
cause of bank crisis in United States, 79;
Withers's appreciation of English bankers, 80;
Lavisse on Germany's financial crisis, 96;
the meaning of "the money of a nation," 172;
physical force replaced by economic pressure, 269;
economic and physical force in their relation to money, 273;
British methods of enforcing financial obligations in South
America, 303;
organization of capital, 318;
Bank of England helped by Bank of France, 318;
internationalization of, 318-319;
why a Western bank ceased to be robbed, 337-338;
_Spectator_ quoted on economic interdependence, 356-357.
_See also_ Wealth
Fisher, Admiral, 350
Fleet. _See_ Navy
Force: the diminishing factor of, 185, 263;
co-operation and the advantage of, 263;
justification of, by police, 264-265;
replaced by economic pressure, 269;
in its relation to slavery, 269-270;
the general domination of, 270-271;
Herbert Spencer quoted on limitation implied by physical, 271-272;
difference between economic and physical, 273-275
France: Max Wirth on her position ftper Franco-German War, 95;
Bismarck on, 97-98;
standard of comfort in, higher than in Germany, 101;
financial superiority of, 102;
colonial administration of the Meline regime, 121-124;
supposed benefit of "expansion" to, 139-143;
a more military nation than Germany, 225-226;
conscription in, 226;
physical results of Napoleonic wars in, 238;
cause of failure of expansion in Asia, 240;
stigmatized by _Times_ in Dreyfus case, 250-252;
Mr. Chamberlain on, 310;
position of the statesman in, 370
Franco-German War: position of France after, 95-99;
Bismarck on, 97-98;
alleged benefit of, to Germany, 99;
some difficulties resulting from, in Germany, 100-106;
no advantage gained by, to Germany, 252-253
Fried, A., 316-317
Friendship in international relations, 374;
general question of, 374-377
Froude, 311

Gaevernitz. _See_ Schulze-Gaevernitz
Germany: Mr. Harrison on effect of military predominance of, 6;
Dr. Schulze-Gaevernitz on German Navy, 6;
R. Blatchford on German attack, 18;
Admiral von Koster on overseas interest of, 20-21;
future demands of, with regard to Europe, 23;
aims of Pan-Germanists, 43-44;
the position of German citizen if Germany "owned" Holland, 44;
value of Alsace-Lorraine to, 45-49;
Withers quoted on commerce of, and English credit, 59;
false theory of annihilation of, explained, 69;
Lavisse on financial crisis in, 96;
economic effect of aforesaid crisis, 97-99;
progress of Socialism in, after war of 1870, 99;
emigration statistics in, 100;
financial position in regard to France, 102;
political evolution of, before the war, 102;
social difficulties in, resulting from Franco-German War, 103;
failure of war from point of view of annexation and indemnity, 104;
and the acquisition of Canada, 109-110;
the case of colonial conquest, 118-121;
if Germany had conducted the Boer War, 126-127;
trade of, with occupied territory, 132;
trade in Egypt, statistics of, 132;
benefits of "ownership," fallacy of, 133;
growth and expansion of, 140-143;
methods of colonial exploitation, 140-142;
protection of interests in Asia Minor, 147;
commercial supremacy of, in undeveloped territory, 147-148;
Sir H. Johnston on Germany's real object of conquest, 150;
burden of Alsace-Lorraine, 176;
R. Blatchford on policy of, 178;
R. Blatchford in defence of, 215;
"rage for luxury" in, 216;
reputed military character of, disproved on investigation, 217-218;
as type of a military nation, 225-226;
conscription in, 225-226;
wisdom of, in avoiding war, 226;
Kotze scandal in, 252;
no advantage gained by war of 1870, 252;
growth of social democratic movement in, 254;
_Berliner Tageblatt_ in praise of England as compared with, 255;
progress owing to regimentation, 255-256;
Mr. Harbutt Dawson on unified, 256-257;
false idea of British hostility to, 310;
cause of British hostility towards, 315;
R. Blatchford on warlike preparations of, to destroy Britain, 316;
Mr. Fried on heterogeneous nature of, 316-317;
_North German Gazette_ on strikes in,
and effects of co-operation, 319-320;
_Morning Post_ on German aggression, 331;
Mr. Churchill and German defence, 346;
_Spectator_ on position of, if attacked by Britain, 347;
Mr. Blatchford on reasons for attack by, 349;
Sir E.C. Cox on British policy with regard to, 351;
Anglo-German banquets, futility of, towards mutual
understanding, 375
Giffen, Sir Robert, on cost of Franco-German War, 88, 93, 94
Goltz, von der, 178-179
"Great Illusion, The," history of, 365-366
Grey, Sir Edward, 358
Grubb, Mr. Edward, 7

Hague Conferences, cause of failures of, 368
Hamburg, annexation of, by Britain and probable result, 61-62
Harrison, Mr. Frederic:
quoted on effect of Germany's predominance in military power, 6;
quoted on naval defence and effect of invasion by Germany, 26-27;
theories challenged, 28-33
Holland: economic security of, on invasion, 42-43;
the case of the Hollander if Germany "owned" Holland, 44;
greatness of, compared to Prussia, 255
Holy Sepulchre, fights between Infidels and Christians for, 206
Honour: Mr. Roosevelt on national, 202;
consideration of general question of, 202-204
Human nature: alleged unchangeability of, 198-200;
changes of manifestations in, 200, 201, 219, 220, 221, 361, 362-363
Hyndman, Mr. H.M., 308

Ideas, rationalization of, 367
Indemnity; Sir R. Giffen quoted on, from Franco-German War, 91;
cost of same considered in detail, 88-91;
practical difficulties of, 90-92;
doubtful advantage of, to conqueror, 100-104;
problems of, not sufficiently studied, 105
Individual, false analogy between nation and, 193, 297-301
Industrialism, cruelties of, 9, 10
Industry, relation of, to finance, 54-56
_L'Information_, 56
Intercommunication of States, 193-194
Interdependence: plea of, against war, 30-31;
theory of, explained, 34-35;
development of, 54-55;
evolution of, 76-77;
diminution of physical force owing to, 277-279;
the vital necessity of, 379
International politics, obsolete conception of,
Admiral Mahan on elements of, 170, 171, 172
Investment. _See_ Finance

James I. of Scotland, 208
James, Professor William, 165, 294
Japan, position of, as "owner" of Korea, 86
Johnston, Sir Harry H., 150

Kidd, Benjamin, 17, 18
Kingsley, Charles, 165
Kitchener, Lord, 200;
W.H. Steevens' description of, 282
Korea, position of Japan as "owner" of, 86
Koster, Admiral von, 20, 21
Kotze scandal, the, and "rottenness" of German civilization,
_Times_ on, 252
Kropotkin, Prince, 218

Labour: division of, explained from point of view of conquest, 53;
in the modern world, 66
Laurier, Sir Wilfrid, 113
Lavisse, 96
Law of Acceleration. _See_ Acceleration, Law of
Law, natural, of man in relation to strife, 185
Lea, General Homer, 161, 212, 213, 234, 282
Lecky, 206, 210, 278, 377
Limborch, 208
Loti, Pierre, 242
Lucas, Sir C.P., 111

Machiavelli, 41
McDougal, Professor W., 308, 311
McKenzie, F.A., 75
Mahan, Admiral: quoted on international relations, 15, 16;
quoted in criticism of "The Great Illusion," 170;
quoted on elements of international politics, 171;
quoted on world-politics, 320
_Manchester Guardian_ and peace, 287-288
Mankind: biological development of, 186;
progress of, from barbarity to civilization, 199;
psychological change in, 217;
reasons for indisposition to fight in, 220;
process of civilization of, 219-221;
attitude of "average sensual man" towards peace, 371-372
Martin, T.G., 18
_Matin, Le_, 9, 10, 214
Maxse, Leo, 196, 219
Meline regime, the, in French Colonies, 121
Merchant adventurer, the case of, in sixteenth century, 108-109
Militarists, views of, on war, 178-179
Military force: when and where it may be necessary, 146;
not essential to national efficiency, 243
Military support of Colonies.
_See_ Colonies
Military training, its influence on peace, 218-219
Moltke, von, 163
Money. _See_ Finance
_Morning Post_, 304, 331
Mulhall on comparative standard of comfort in European countries, 36
Murray, Major, 41

Napoleonic wars, results of, 238
Nation, Nations:
falseness of analogy between individual and a, 193, 297-299;
honour of, 202;
why warlike, do not inherit the earth, 224;
warlike and unwarlike, 225, 227, 234;
Canada least warlike, 234;
power of a, not dependent on its army and navy, 240-241;
reason for decay of military, 247-248;
complexity of, 317-318;
_Spectator_ on economic theories of, 319
National efficiency, relation to military power, 244
Nationalism and the co-operation of States, 312-313
Navy, British: _Times_ on powers of, 17;
H.W. Wilson on necessity for powerful, 17;
Admiral Fisher on supremacy of, 350
Northmen methods, 200
Norway: the carrying trade of, 74;
no temptation to invade, Sir Wilfrid Laurier on, 113
Novikow, J., Darwinian theory of, 184

Owen, Mr. Douglas, 19
"Ownership." _See_ Possession

Pacifists: pleas of, 6, 7, 10-12;
case of, 168;
patriots and, 373
Pan-Germanists, aims of, 44
Patriots: Patriotism, national honour and, 204;
modification of aims of, owing to interdependence, 211;
General Lea on extinction of, in United States, 213;
the religion of politics, 362;
pacifists and, 373, 376
Peace: why propaganda has given small results, 10-12;
psychological case for, 168-169;
qualities necessary to preserve, 217;
occupations which tend towards, 218-219;
military training and, 219;
attitude of "average sensual man" towards, 371-372
Penfold, F. C, 87
Philippines, financial effect of loss of, to Spain, 241
Phillips, Captain March, 291
Pitcairn, 208
Police Force,
London, paradox of, applied in relation to conquest, 144, 145, 264
Politics, obsolete terminology of, 76
Portugal, cause of failure of expansion in Asia, 239-240
Possession: Sir J.R. Seeley on, 129;
fallacious theory considered from German point of view, 133-134
Printing: results of invention of, 277-279;
power of, 364
Prussia: cause of prosperity of, 246;
agitation for electoral reform in, 254
_Public Opinion_, 81-87
Pugnacity: irrational nature of, 187-189;
Professor William McDougal on, 308-309

_Referee_, 19
Regimentation, Germany's progress owing to, 255-256
Religion: early ideals of, 174-175;
Critchfield on influence
of Catholic priests in South American Republics, 175;
struggles of, and the State, 181-182, 205-206, 207;
beliefs no longer enforced by Government, 205;
Lecky on wars of, 206-211;
freedom of opinion in, 212;
reason of cessation of wars of, 307;
relation to politics of, 362-363
Renan, Ernest, 164-229
Repudiation. _See_ Finance
Revenue, State, what becomes of, 48
Rizzi, Francisco, 208
Robertson, John M., 249
Rohrbach, Dr. P., 136
Roman civilization: Mr. Roosevelt on, 223;
Sir J.R. Seeley on downfall and decay of, 237
Rome, Ancient: Sir J.R. Seeley on downfall and decay of, 237;
slave society of, 269;
contrast between, and Britain, 276
Roosevelt, Mr., 164, 201, 202, 222, 229, 231, 234, 262

Salisbury, Lord, 36
Samoa, the case of the Powers, 149
Sanderson, Lord, 324
Schulze-Gaevernitz, Prof. von, 6
Sea-Power, overseas trade, Benjamin Kidd on, 17-18.
_See also_ British Navy
Seeley, Sir J.R., 129, 237
Shaw, G.B., 250
Slavery, Slaves: society of, in Rome, 268;
its relation to physical force, 269-270
Socialism, progress of, in Germany after War of 1870, 99
Soetbeer, 98
Soldier: R. Blatchford on character of, 259-260;
Captain March Phillips on, 291-292;
_Spectator_ on, 264;
our debt to the, 293;
boyish appeal of the, 293-294;
the "poetic shelf" for the, 295
Spain: F.C. Penfold on progress of, since war, 87;
failure of expansion of, in Asia, 240-241;
Pierre Loti quoted in praise of troops, 242;
military virtues of, 242;
ruin of, by conquest, 246
Spanish American. _See_ America, South
_Spectator_, 156, 209, 210, 292, 333-337, 347, 356
Spencer, Herbert, 271-272
State, States: analogy between individuals in, 194-195;
division of, in relation to conflict, 196;
ancient and modern, character of, 296;
false analogy between, and a person, 298-301;
independent nature of, 300-301;
_Morning Post_ on the organism of, 304;
heterogeneous elements of, 306;
Professor McDougal on pugnacity of barbarous, 308-309;
definition of, 313;
reasons for lessening "role" of hostility among, 313-314;
position of citizen of small, if he became citizen of a
large, 321-322
States small: as prosperous as the Great Powers, 32, 40;
investments secure in, 36, 37, 41;
cause of prosperity of, 42-43
Statesmen: Major Murray on methods of, with regard to treaties, 41;
Leo Maxse on character of English, 196
Steevens, W.H., 282, 289, 290, 291
Steinmetz, S.R., 160
Stengel, Baron von, 20, 162, 229
Story, General John P., 162
Switzerland: the commercial power of, 75;
compared to Prussia, 255;
position of British subject in, if threatened by Britain, 302

_Temps, Le_, 122
Territorial independence, Farrer on, 42
_Times_, the, 17, 232, 250, 252, 319, 331
Trade: T.G. Martin on Britain's carrying, 18;
Admiral von Koster quoted on German overseas, 20-21;
impossible to capture, by military conquest, 30-33;
statistics of Britain's overseas, 120;
diminishing factor of physical force in, 275-276.
_See also_ Competition, Commerce, Industry
Transvaal:
treatment of British Indian in, before and after the war, 117-119;
gold-mines of, as motives for Boer War, 125-127;
national character of, still unchanged, 135
Treasury, Mr. D. Owen on what enriches, 19
Treaties, Major Stuart Murray on futility of, 41
Tribute, exaction of, an economic impossibility, 31
Tripoli, ineptitude of Italy in, 143

United States: Germans in, 133;
General Lea and _Daily Mail_ on national ideals in, 214
_United Service Magazine_, 18

Venezuela: warlike character of, 227;
Caivano on natives of, 230-231
Viking, the, our debt to, 293
_Volkstein_, 114

War: the case of, from militarist point of view, 6;
cost of Franco-German War, 88-91;
Bernhardi in defence of, 158;
S.R. Steinmetz on the nature of, 160;
General Homer Lee in defence of, 161-162;
General Storey in defence of, 162;
Baron von Stengel in defence of, 163;
Moltke in defence of, 163;
Roosevelt in defence of, 164-223;
Professor James in defence of, 165;
famous clergyman in defence of, 165-166;
defence of, summarized, 166-167;
the reason for, 177;
Von der Goltz on nature of, 178;
result of armed peace, 179;
justification of defender of, 182;
and the natural law of man, 185;
the irrational aspect of, 191;
_Spectator_ on means to an end, 209-210;
Procurator of Russian Holy Synod on, 210;
General Lea on its relation to commercial activities, 212;
Captain d'Arbeux on military deterioration, 214;
prominent advocates of, 216;
pleas of military authorities, 223;
General Homer Lea on military spirit, 223-224;
advocates of, criticized, 229-230;
the curse of, in South American Republics, 230;
the question of just and unjust, 235-236;
fundamental error of, 236;
real process of, 237;
Baron von Stengel's dictum, 238-239;
national deterioration owing to, 239;
effects of prolonged warfare, 245;
changed nature of, 267;
not now a physical but an intellectual pursuit, 281-282;
General Homer Lea on nature of modern battles, 282;
Bernhardi on tactics and "pomp of war," 285;
radical change in methods of, 284-285;
pleas of militarists analyzed, 286-287;
_Manchester Guardian_ on moral influence of, 287;
emotional appeal of, 288;
Mr. Churchill on, 346.
_See also_ Conquest
Wealth: _Referee_ on, in time of war, 19;
national, not dependent on its political power, 32;
policy of conqueror with regard to, 33-34;
the question of, in international politics, 36-39,
intangibility of, 64.
_See also_ Finance
Wilkinson, Professor, 29, 298-299
Wilson, H.W., 17
Wirth, Max, 95
Witchcraft: belief in, 341;
Lecky on, 377-378;
folly of, from modern point of view, 378
Withers, Hartley, 59
_World_, the, 116

* * * * *

_By the Same Author_

The Great Illusion

A Study of the Relation of Military Power in Nations to their
Economic and Social Advantages. 12mo. $1.00 _net_

Arms and Industry

A Study of the Foundations of International Polity

_In Preparation:_

The Citizen and Society

First Principles of their Relationship

* * * * *

"THE GREAT ILLUSION" AND PUBLIC OPINION

AMERICA

="New York Times," March 12, 1911.=

"A book which has compelled thought; a book full of real ideas
deserves the welcome it has received. The author is enjoying the
almost unlimited praise of his contemporaries, expressed or
indicated by many men of eminence and influence, by countless
reviewers who have lately hungered for a hero to worship.

"Moreover ... it certainly makes for genuine aesthetic pleasure, and
that is all most of us ask of a book."

="The Evening Post," Chicago (Mr. Floyd Dell), February 17, 1911.=

"The book, being read, does not simply satisfy curiosity; it
disturbs and amazes. It is not, as one would expect, a striking
expression of some familiar objections to war. It is instead--it
appears to be--a new contribution to thought, a revolutionary work
of the first importance, a complete shattering of conventional
ideas about international politics; something corresponding to the
epoch-making 'Origin of Species' in the realm of biology.

"All of this it appears to be. One says 'appears,' not because the
book fails completely to convince, but because it convinces so
fully. The paradox is so perfect there must be something wrong
about it!...

"At first glance the statement which forms the basis of the book
looks rather absurd, but before it is finished it seems a
self-evident proposition. It is certainly a proposition which, if
proved, will provide a materialistic common-sense basis for
disarmament....

"There is subject-matter here for ironic contemplation. Mr. Angell
gives the reader no chance to imagine that these things 'just
happened.' He shows why they happened and had to happen....

"One returns again and again to the arguments, looking to find some
fallacy in them. Not finding them, one stares wonderingly ahead
into the future, where the book seems to cast its portentous
shadow."

="Boston Herald," January 21, 1911.=

"This is an epoch-making book, which should be in the hands of
everyone who has even the slightest interest in human progress....
His criticism is not only masterly--it is overwhelming; for though
controversy will arise on some of the details, the main argument is
irrefutable. He has worked it out with a grasp of the evidence and
a relentlessness of logic that will give life and meaning to his
book for many a year to come."

="Life" (New York).=

"An inquiry into the nature and history of the forces that have
shaped and are shaping our social development that throws more
light upon the meaning and the probable outcome of the so-called
'war upon war' than all that has been written and published upon
both sides put together. The incontrovertible service that Mr.
Angell has rendered us in 'The Great Illusion' is to have
introduced intellectual order into an emotional chaos."

GREAT BRITAIN.

="Daily Mail."=

"No book has attracted wider attention or has done more to
stimulate thought in the present century than 'The Great Illusion.'
Published obscurely, and the work of an unknown writer, it
gradually forced its way to the front.... Has become a significant
factor in the present discussion of armaments and arbitration."

="Nation."=

"No piece of political thinking has in recent years more stirred
the world which controls the movement of politics.... A fervour, a
simplicity, and a force which no political writer of our generation
has equalled ... rank its author, with Cobden, among the greatest
of our pamphleteers, perhaps the greatest since Swift."

="Edinburgh Review."=

"Mr. Angell's main thesis cannot be disputed, and when the facts
... are fully realized, there will be another diplomatic revolution
more fundamental than that of 1756."

="Daily News."=

"So simple were the questions he asked, so unshakable the facts of
his reply, so enormous and dangerous the popular illusion which he
exposed, that the book not only caused a sensation in reading
circles, but also, as we know, greatly moved certain persons
high-placed in the political world.

"The critics have failed to find a serious flaw in Norman Angell's
logical, coherent, masterly analysis."

=Sir Frank Lascelles (formerly British Ambassador at Berlin) in
Speech at Glasgow, January 29, 1912.=

"While I was staying with the late King, his Majesty referred me to
a book which had then been published by Norman Angell, entitled
'The Great Illusion.' I read the book, and while I think that at
present it is not a question of practical politics, I am convinced
that it will change the thought of the world in the future."

=R.A. Scott James in "The Influence of the Press."=

"Norman Angel in recent years has done more probably than any other
European to frustrate war, to prove that it is unprofitable. He was
probably the guiding spirit behind the diplomacy which checked the
Great Powers from rushing into the Balkan conflict."

=J.W. Graham, M.A., in "Evolution and Empire."=

"Norman Angell has placed the world in his debt and initiated a new
epoch of thought.... It is doubtful whether since the 'Origin of
Species' so many bubbles have been burst, and so definitely plain a
step in thought been made, by any single book."

=Mr. Harold Begbie in the "Daily Chronicle."=

"A new idea is suddenly thrust upon the minds of men.... It is
hardly an exaggeration to say that this book does more to fill the
mind with the intolerable weight of war, to convince the reasonable
mind ... than all the moral and eloquent appeals of Tolstoy.... The
wisest piece of writing on the side of peace extant in the world
to-day."

="Birmingham Post."=

"'The Great Illusion,' by sheer force, originality, and
indisputable logic, has won its way steadily forward, and made its
author a person to be quoted by statesmen and diplomatists not only
in England, but in France, Germany, and America."

="Glasgow News."=

"If only for the daring with which Mr. Angell's extraordinary book
declares that the accepted ideas are so much moonshine, it would be
a work to attract attention. When we add that Mr. Angell makes out
a decidedly brilliant and arresting case for his contention, we
have said sufficient to indicate that it is worth perusal by the
most serious type of reader."

BRITISH COLONIAL OPINION.

=W.M. Hughes, Acting Premier of Australia, in a letter to the
"Sydney Telegraph."=

"It is a great book, a glorious book to read. It is a book pregnant
with the brightest promise to the future of civilized man.
Peace--not the timid, shrinking figure of The Hague, cowering under
the sinister shadow of six million bayonets--appears at length as
an ideal possible of realization in our own time."

=Sir George Reid, Australian High Commissioner in London (Sphinx
Club Banquet, May 5, 1911).=

"I regard the author of this book as having rendered one of the
greatest services ever rendered by the writer of a book to the
human race. Well, I will be very cautious indeed--one of the
greatest services which any author has rendered during the past
hundred years."

FRANCE AND BELGIUM.

=M. Anatole France in "The English Review," August, 1913.=

"One cannot weigh too deeply the reflections of this ably reasoned
work."

="La Petite Republique" (M. Henri Turot), 17 Decembre, 1910.=

"J'estime, pour ma part, 'La Grande Illusion' doit avoir, au point
de vue de la conception moderne de l'economie politique
internationale, un retentissement egal a celui qu'eut, en matiere
biologique, la publication, par Darwin, de 'l'Origine des especes.'

"C'est que M. Norman Angell joint a l'originalite de la pensee le
courage de toutes les franchises, qu'il unit a une prodigieuse
erudition la lucidite d'esprit et la methode qui font jaillir la
loi scientifique de l'ensemble des evenements observes."

="Revue Bleu," Mai, 1911.=

"Fortement etayees, ses propositions emanent d'un esprit
singulierement realiste, egalement informe et clairvoyant, qui met
une connaissance des affaires et une dialectique concise au service
d'une conviction, aussi passionnee que genereuse."

=M. Jean Jaures, during debate in French Chamber of Deputies,
January 13, 1911; see Journal Officiel, 14 Janvier, 1911.=

"Il a paru, il y a peu de temps, un livre anglais de M. Norman
Angell, 'La Grande Illusion,' qui a produit un grand effet en
Angleterre. Dans les quelques jours que j'ai passes de l'autre cote
du detroit, j'ai vu, dans les reunions populaires, toutes les fois
qu'il etait fait mention de ce livre, les applaudissements
eclater."

GERMANY AND AUSTRIA.

="Koelnische Zeitung."=

"Never before has the peace question been dealt with by so bold,
novel, and clear a method; never before has the financial
interdependence of nations been shown with such precision.... It is
refreshing to have demonstrated in this unsentimental, practical
way the fact that as our financial interdependence increases war as
a business venture necessarily becomes more and more unprofitable."

="Der Turmer" (Stuttgart).=

"This demonstration should clear the air like a thunderstorm.... It
is not because the book brilliantly expresses what are in many
respects our own views that we urge its importance, but because of
its unanswerable demonstration of the futility of military power in
the economic field."

="Koenigsberger Allgemeine Zeitung."=

"This book proves absolutely that conquest as a means of material
gain has become an impossibility.... The author shows that the
factors of the whole problem have been profoundly modified within
the past forty years."

="Ethische Kultur" (Berlin).=

"Never has militarism been combated by economic weapons with the
skill shown by Norman Angell.... So broad and comprehensive a grasp
of the moral as well as the economic force, that the book is a real
pleasure to read.... The time was ripe for a man with this keenness
of vision to come forward and prove in this flawless way that
military power has nothing to do with national prosperity."

=Professor Karl von Bar, the authority on International and
Criminal Law, Privy Councillor, etc.=

"Particularly do I agree with the author in these two points: (1)
That in the present condition of organized society the attempt of
one nation to destroy the commerce or industry of another must
damage the victor more perhaps than the vanquished; and (2) that
physical force is a constantly diminishing factor in human affairs.
The rising generation seems to be realizing this more and more."

=Dr. Friedrich Curtius.=

"The book will, I hope, convince everyone that in our time the
attempt to settle industrial and commercial conflicts by arms is an
absurdity.... I doubt, indeed, whether educated folks in Germany
entertain this 'illusion' ... or the idea that colonies or wealth
can be 'captured.' ... A war dictated by a moral idea, the only one
we can justify, is inconceivable as between England and Germany."

=Dr. Wilhelm Ostwald, who has occupied chairs in several German
Universities, as well as at Harvard and Columbia.=

"From the first line to the last 'The Great Illusion' expresses my
own opinions."

=Dr. Sommer, Member of the Reichstag.=

"A most timely work, and one which everyone, be he statesman or
political economist, should study ... especially if he desires to
understand a peace ideal which is practical and realizable....
Without agreeing on all points, I admit gladly the force and
suggestiveness of the thesis.... We on our side should make it our
business, as you should on yours, to render it operative, to use
the means, heretofore unrealized, of joint work for civilization.
In rendering possible such joint work, Norman Angell's book must
take a foremost place."

=Dr. Max Nordau.=

"If the destiny of people were settled by reason and interest, the
influence of such a book would be decisive.... The book will
convince the far-seeing minority, who will spread the truth, and
thus slowly conquer the world."

=Dr. Albert Suedekum, Member of the Reichstag, author of several
works on municipal government, editor of Municipal Year-Books, etc.=

"I consider the book an invaluable contribution to the better
understanding of the real basis of international peace."

=Dr. Otto Mugdan, Member of the Reichstag, Member of the National
Loan Commission, Chairman of the Audit Commission, etc.=

"The demonstration of the financial interdependence of modern
civilized nations, and the economic futility of conquest, could not
be made more irrefutably."

=Professor A. von Harder.=

"I agree that it is a mistake to wait for action as between
governments; far better, as Jaures proved the other day in the
French Chamber, for the peoples to co-operate.... The book should
be widely circulated in Germany, where so many are still of opinion
that heavy armaments are an absolute necessity for self-defence."

FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC AUTHORITIES.

="American Journal of Political Economy."=

"The best treatise yet written on the economic aspect of war."

="American Political Science Review."=

"It may be doubted whether within its entire range the peace
literature of the Anglo-Saxon world has ever produced a more
fascinating or significant study."

="Economist" (London).=

"Nothing has ever been put in the same space so well calculated to
set plain men thinking usefully on the subject of expenditure on
armaments, scare and war.... The result of the publication of this
book has been within the past month or two quite a number of rather
unlikely conversions to the cause of retrenchment."

="Investors' Review" (London), November 12, 1910.=

"No book we have read for years has so interested and delighted
us.... He proceeds to argue, and to prove, that conquests do not
enrich the conqueror under modern conditions of life.... The style
in which the book is written--sincere, transparent, simple, and now
and then charged with fine touches of ironic humour--make it very
easy to read."

="Economic Review" (London).=

"Civilization will some day acknowledge a deep debt of gratitude to
Mr. Norman Angell for the bold and searching criticism of the
fundamental assumptions of modern diplomacy contained in his
remarkable book.... He has laid his fingers upon some very vital
facts, to which even educated opinion has hitherto been blind."

="Journal des Economistes."=

"Son livre sera beaucoup lu, car il est aussi agreable que profond,
et il donnera beaucoup a reflechir."

="Export" (Organ des Centralvereins fuer Handelsgeographie).=

"By reason of its statement of the case against war in terms of
practical politics and commercial advantage (=Real-und
Handelspolitikers=), the keenness and the mercilessness of the
logic by which the author explodes the errors and the illusions of
the war phantasists ... the sense of reality, the force with which
he settles accounts point by point with the militarists, this book
stands alone. It is unique."

="The Western Mail."=

"A novel, bold, and startling theory."

MILITARY OPINION.

="Army and Navy Journal" (N.Y.), October 5, 1910.=

"If all anti-militarists could argue for their cause with the
candour and fairness of Norman Angell we should welcome them, not
with 'bloody hands to hospitable graves,' but to a warm and cheery
intellectual comradeship. Mr. Angell has packed away in his book
more common sense than peace societies have given birth to in all
the years of their existence...."

="United Service Magazine" (London), May, 1911.=

"It is an extraordinarily clearly written treatise upon an
absorbingly interesting subject, and it is one which no thinking
soldier should neglect to study.... Mr. Angell's book is much to be
commended in this respect. It contains none of the nauseating
sentiment which is normally parasitic to 'peace' literature. The
author is evidently careful to take things exactly as he conceives
them to be, and to work out his conclusions without 'cleverness'
and unobscured by technical language. His method is to state the
case for the defence (of present-day 'militarist' statecraft), to
the best of his ability in one chapter, calling the best witnesses
he can find and putting their views from every standpoint so
clearly that even one who was beforehand quite ignorant of the
subject cannot fail to understand. Mr. Angell's book is one which
all citizens would do well to read, and read right through. It has
the clearness of vision and the sparkling conciseness which one
associates with Swift at his best."

="The Army Service Corps Quarterly" (Aldershot, England), April,
1911.=

"The ideas are so original and clever, and in places are argued
with so much force and common sense, that they cannot be pushed
aside at once as preposterous.... There is food here for profound
study.... Above all, we should encourage the sale of 'The Great
Illusion' abroad, among nations likely to attack us, as much as
possible."

="War Office Times" (London).=

"Should be read by everyone who desires to comprehend both the
strength and the weakness of this country."

* * * * *

Transcriber's notes:

Punctuation has been normalized.

On page 33 "be yond" changed to "beyond."
"... beyond saving the Mother Country...."

On page 72 "such and-such" changed to "such-and-such."

On page 190 "reationship" changed to "relationship."
"... on basis of mutual profit the only relationship...."

On page 202 "porportion" changed to "proportion."
"Our sense of proportion in these matters...."

On page 241 "real ze" changed to "realize."
"... by the fact that she failed to realize this truth...."

On page 267 "anchronism" changed to "anachronism."
"... it is an anachronism; it finds its justification in...."

On page 317 "indentification" changed to "identification."
"... identification between a people and the acts...."

On page 340 "orginally" changed to "originally."
"... our relative positions is just what it was originally...."

On page 359 "fanticism" changed to "fanaticism."
"... Mohammedan fanaticism, Chinese Boxerism...."