Chapter C: Cabot, George, notice of, 497

Calhoun, J.C., President of Senate and Vice-President of United States,
243;
resolutions on State sovereignty, 273;
speaks on Wilkins tariff bill, 273;
course in regard to tariff of 1816, 305;
resolutions of, relating to slavery, 445;
supports administration of Van Buren, 451;
remarks of Mr. Webster on the political course of, 453;
letter on Sub-Treasury bill, 453;
change in views upon Sub-Treasury bill, 454;
advocates the State-rights party, 455, 464, 467;
his object to unite the entire South, 457;
attack on Mr. Webster, 458;
Mr. Webster's reply to, 458;
opposes Mr. Dallas's bill for a bank, 460;
bill of, for internal improvements, 466;
extract from, on the power of Congress, 467;
took lead in annexing Texas, 609;
remarks upon admission of Texas, 611;
dying testimony to Mr. Webster's conscientiousness, xliii.

California, proposed annexation of, 563;
article of cession to United States, 587;
discovery of gold in, 601;
Mexican provincial government overthrown by, 601;
establishment of local government in, 602;
slavery excluded from, by law of nature, 615.

Canada, cession to England, effect on the colonies, 42.

Canals, act of 1824 concerning, 245.

Canning, Mr., opinion concerning Spain and her colonies, 154;
approval of the Monroe declaration, 155.

Capitol, speech at laying of corner-stone of the addition to the, 639;
copy of paper under corner-stone of, 644;
foundation laid by Washington, 644;
plan for extension of the, 644.

Carroll, Charles, signer of the Declaration, 176.

Cass, Lewis, Mexican speech of, 554;
as a Whig candidate, 575;
as a candidate for President, 584;
personal character of, 584;
in favor of the Compromise Line, 588;
requests his recall from France, 667;
his construction of the treaty of Washington referred to, 669, 671;
answer of Mr. Webster to, concerning the African squadron, 672.

Catharine the Second of Russia, policy in respect to Greece, 70.

Cession, articles of, concerning New Mexico and California, 587.

Channing, W.E., letter of, on slavery, 624.

Charities, charters granted to founders of, 7;
colleges included under, 7, 510;
founder of incorporated, considered visitor, 7;
government may incorporate, 7;
legal signification of, 7;
opinion of Lord Holt respecting the power of visitors over, 7;
right of visitation in, incorporated, 7;
case of town of Bury St. Edmunds, 527;
schools founded by, must include religious instruction, 528.

Charity, legal definition of, 510.

Charles the Second, 39.

Charters, of Dartmouth College (1769), 1;
legislative power over, defined, 5;
power claimed by British Parliament over, 5;
Lord Mansfield on rights of, 5;
legislative power over, limited, 6;
granted to founders of charities, 7;
opinion of Lord Commissioner Eyre on charities established by, 9;
how they affect property of corporations, 12;
of the nature of contracts, 20, 21;
how may be altered or varied, 21;
may be accepted at will, 21;
no difference between grants of corporate franchise and tangible
property, 21;
of Dartmouth College (1769) is a contract, 22;
obtained by founders of English liberty, 63;
New England colonists required them, 148.

Chateaubriand, M. de, quoted respecting the Holy Alliance, 64.

Chatham, Lord, his colonial policy, 42;
opinion of the first Congress, 162.

Chaucer, his use of word "green," xxxix.

Chicago Road, President's opinion in respect to, 353.

China, trade of United States with, 95.

Choate, Rufus, 496.

Christian charity, defined, 510;
spirit of, 519.

Christianity, blended influence of civilization and, 65;
observance of the Sabbath a part of, 518;
essentials of, part of the common law, 527, 530.

Christian Ministry, and the Religious Instruction of the Young, speech in
Supreme Court, 505.

Christian Ministry, opprobrium cast on the, by the Girard will, 508;
establishment of, by Christ, 515;
work of the, in United States, 509, 516.

Christians, religious belief of, 521.

Christ's command, "Suffer little children," &c., referred to, 517.

Church, grants to, cannot be rescinded, 13.

Civil Law, maxim of, in regard to slavery, 573.

Clay, Henry, speech on tariff of 1824 criticised by Mr. Webster, 78;
author of American system of tariff, 78;
resolution of, relating to slavery in District of Columbia, 445;
resolutions in respect to slavery, 600.

Clayton, J.M., his explanation of Mr. Mann's mission, 680.

Clergy, eulogium on, 509.

Coast Survey of United States, 648.

College Livings, rights and character of, 16;
attack of James the Second on Magdalen College, 17.

Colleges, are eleemosynary corporations, 6, 8, 22;
charters granted to, 7;
foundation of, considered by Lord Mansfield, 9;
charters should be kept inviolate, 23;
party or political influence dangerous to, 23.

Colonies, establishment of Greek, 31;
of New England, 34, 35;
of Roman, 33;
of West India, 34, 35;
Spanish in South America, 134, 144;
New England and Virginia, 144;
English and Spanish compared, 145;
original ground of dispute between England and the, 164;
American, declared free and independent, 641.

Colonists, English, in America, secret of their success, 147;
brought their charters, 148;
in Virginia, failed for want of charter, 148;
allegiance to the king, 165.

Columbus, Christopher, portrayed, 124, 144.

Columbus, O., convention at, in regard to the observance of the Sabbath,
518.

Commerce, condition of, in 1824, 83;
its national character, 92, 498;
how affected by laws of Confederation, 114;
power of Congress to regulate, 114, 120;
resolutions of New Jersey in regard to, 115;
Mr. Witherspoon's motion in Congress concerning, 115;
of Virginia in regard to, 115;
necessity of vesting Congress with power to control, 115;
law of Congress paramount, 120;
guarded by the general government, 497.

Compact and government as distinguished from each other, 284.

Compromise Act, principle of, 489.

Compromise Line, in respect to slavery, 588.

Concurrent Legislation, defined and argued, 116;
effect on monopolies, 119.

Confederation, its effect on commerce, 114;
of 1781 a league, 276;
state of the country under the, 281.

Confessions, how to be regarded, 220.

Congress of Delegates, at Philadelphia, 1774, 162;
resolutions on the Declaration, 165;
sat with closed doors, 166.

Congress of Greece, of 1821, 72.

Congress of United States, power to regulate commerce, 114, 120;
should have power to regulate commerce, 115;
and the States, argument on concurrent power of, 115;
exclusive right over monopolies, 116;
possesses exclusive admiralty jurisdiction, 118;
law of, paramount, 120;
laws of, in opposition to State law, 122;
power concerning rights of authors and inventors, 122;
its coinage powers, 185;
to establish uniform bankrupt laws, 186;
power over slave trade, 233;
no power over slavery, 233, 429, 636;
power to make laws, 293, 331;
exclusive power to lay duties, 300;
duty of, in case of a Presidential veto, 320;
passes first bank charter, 1791, 327;
to establish banks, 328, 334, 335;
power of, continuous, 336;
duties of both houses, 375;
power to borrow money, 375;
in regard to public moneys, 382;
no precise time for expiration of session, 414;
power over ceded territory, 445;
no control over slavery, 571.

Congress of Verona, in regard to Greek revolution, 70, 153.

Connecticut, law of, concerning steam navigation, 112.

Constitution of United States, provision concerning _ex post facto_
laws, 19;
its origin to regulate commerce, 114, 115;
its authority to establish bankrupt laws, 179;
law of, in regard to contracts, 180;
object of the, 185;
provides a medium for payment of debts, and a uniform mode of discharging
them, 186;
prohibitions of, concerning contracts and payment of debts, 187;
provisions for settling questions of Constitutional law, 265;
to be interpreted by the judicial power, 265, 282;
as a compact, 270;
not a compact between Sovereign States, argued, 273;
object of, 281;
not a league, 282;
what it says of itself, 283;
its relations to individuals, 286;
Madison's opinion of, 313;
provision of, in case of a Presidential veto, 320;
President Jackson's view of, 354;
our duty to the, 358;
protects labor, 361;
division of powers conferred by, 379;
on power of removal from office, 398;
divides powers of government, 398;
recognized slavery, 429, 570;
does not speak of Sovereign States, or Federal Government, 538;
protects existing government of a State, 542;
and the Union, speech on, March 7, 1850, 600;
formation of the, 628;
provision of, concerning fugitives, 629;
officers of the law bound to support the, 630;
how it affected the institution of slavery, lx.

Constructive presence defined, 210.

Contracts, cases cited concerning obligation of, 19;
defined, include grants, 19;
provision concerning obligation of, 19;
law of the Constitution in regard to, 180;
obligation of, defined, 180, 181;
obligation of, rests on universal law, 181;
the law not a part of, argued, 182-184;
the constitutional provision in regard to, 185;
prohibition on state law concerning, 187.

Convention of 1787, remarks on, 287.

Copper, duties received from, 108.

Corporate Franchises, power of Legislature over, limited, 6.

Corporations, acts of Legislature, on Dartmouth College (1769), 2, 3;
royal prerogative to create, 5;
power of King over, limited by Legislature, 5;
power of Legislature to create, 5;
opinion of Lord Mansfield on rights of, 5;
divers sorts of, 6;
eleemosynary, nature of, defined, 6, 9;
power of, over property possessed by them, 6;
charter rights of visitors of, 7;
power of visitation over transferable, 7;
argument of Stillingfleet, 8;
rights of trustees object of legal protection, 11;
franchises granted to, 11;
concerning pecuniary benefit from, 11;
concerning private property, 12;
concerning grants of land to, 13;
right of trustees to elect officers, 16;
legislature, cannot repeal statutes creating private, 20;
extract from Justice Buller on government of, 21;
how charters of, may be altered or varied, 21;
possible dangers of independent government, 22.

Cotton, attempt to naturalize growth of, in France, 99;
how affected by tariff of 1824, 102;
proposed reduction of duty on, 243;
culture of, protected, 304;
how its cultivation affects slavery and the South, 608.

Cotton Manufactures, importance of, 101;
of England and United States, 103.

Crawford, Mr., opposing candidate to Mr. Adams, 581.

Credit System, and the Labor of the United States, remarks on, 449.

Credit System, benefit of, in United States, 364;
evils arising from abuse of, 364.

Criminal Law, its object, 198.

Cumberland Road Bill, approved, 415.

Currency, effect of paper issues to depreciate, 81;
paper, of England, effect on prices, 81;
the laboring man's interest in, 360;
experiment of exclusive specie, 362;
President's interference with, 433;
soundness of, 440;
derangement of, effect of, 442;
its restoration an object of revolution of 1840, 490.

Cushing, Thomas, delegate to Congress, 162.

Custom-house Bonds, act of 1800 in regard to, 383.