Chapter V: Part 5

Upon the whole it would appear that the grotesque, be it in the relics of a long-forgotten symbolism, in crude attempts at realism, or in the fantastic whimseys of irresponsibility, is chiefly met in the portions of the church where would occur, in the development of architecture, the problems and difficulties. They occur, so to speak, at the joints of construction. It may be that the pluteresques (grotesque and other ornaments made of metal) employed in many Spanish churches are to be accounted for in this way on the score of the facility of attachment. Where it may be questioned that the ornament was to conceal juncture, it is often to be acknowledged that it was to give external apparent lightness to masses which are in themselves joints or centres of weight. To conclude--to whatever extent we may carry our inquiries into the meaning of the grotesques in church art, we have in them undoubtedly objects whose associations are among the most ancient of the human race; whatever our opinion of their fitness for a place in the temple, it is plain that practically they could be nowhere else.

INDEX.

Index.

Abdominal Mask, 91

Abingdon, 18, 72, 218, and Preface

Aboo-Simbel Trinity, 177

Abydos Trinity, 177

Acanthus, 149-50, 214

Adam, 61, 62, 74;
and Eve, 112, 120

Adam Clarke, 74

Adel, Yorkshire, 127

Adonai, 168

Adonis, 168

Adoration, the, 113-5

AElian, 50

AEsculapius, 42

_AEsop's Fables_, 196

Africa, 66

Agni, 178

Aix-la-Chapelle, 46

Akori, 178

Alcock, Bishop, 10, 92, 173

Ale and the Alewife, 99-105

Alewife, 97

Alehouses, 99

Ale-taster, 100

Alexander, 71

Alexandria, 34

All Souls, Oxford, 71, 76, 104-5, 150-1

Alraun images, 28

Altar of the Sun, 37-39

Ambarvalia, 48

American Arms, 179

American-Indian mythology, 159

American-Indian Trinity, 177

Amman, Justus, 188

Ammon, 42, 72, 158

Amun-Ra, 177

_Ancient Mysteries described_, 180

Ancient Worships, 27-59, 64-77, 152-3, 157-168, 175-183

Angel Choir, Lincoln, 3, 9

Angel (coin), 47

Angels, 63

Animal Musicians, 152-6

Animal symbolism, 35

Anthony pig, the, 154

Anuka, 178

Archers, 205, 209-10

Ape, the, 59, 28-9, 145, 152, 156, 192-4, 198, 201, 203, 207-10, 214

Aphrodite, 168

Apocryphal New Testament, the, 60, 112

Apollo, 21, 46, 162, 165

April, 141

Apuleius, 41

Architectural Museum, Tufton Street, the, 12, 167, 169, 174

Arimanes, 176

Arles, the Council of, 29

Arma palantes, 173

Arthur, King, 69

Artistic quality of Church grotesques, 19-23, 61

_Art Journal, the_, 66

Asir, 45

Assyrian myth, 34, 157, 181

Assyrians, no record of their humour, 6

Astronomical symbols a source of Gothic design, 4, 27-8, 37-59, 73,
157-68, 177

Atahuata, 177

Aten, 168

Athor, 111, 157, 167, 177-8

Athyr, 167

Attic figurines, 28

Auckland Castle, 155

Augsburgh, (?) Council of, 30

"Auld Clootie," 70

"Auld Hornie," 70

Aurva, 53

Avarice, 87, 91-95

Averus (Horus), 50

Baalim, 28

Babylonian myth, 34

Bacon, 142, 154

Bacchus, 69, 73, 158

Backbiter, 82-84

Badger Grimbart, 189, 191-3

Bagpipes, 103, 152, 155

Ba-it, 178

Baker, 105

Bakewell, Derbyshire, 130-1

Baldini and Boticelli, 84

Baptism of John, the, 117-8

Barton, Lincs., 174

Basketsful of Children, 63

Bayle, a kind of dance, 147

Beakheads, 125-6

Bear Bruno, 190-3

Bear, the, 152-156

Beard, the, 72

Bedford, 175

_Beehive of the Romishe Church_, 180

Bellin the Ram, 192

Berkshire, 18, 72, 125, 129, 218

Bestiaries, the, 73

Beverley, Percy Shrine at, 3;
Carvings at, 13, 39, 40, 54, 57, 63, 87, 112, 120-3, 130, 133-6, 144,
152, 154-5, 159, 173, 182, 195-6, 198-9, 201-2, 208-11

Bhu, 42

Bible (as Old and New Testaments), 176

Biblia Pauperum, 113

Birch, Dr., 158

Birds, 4, 9, 22, 38, 39

Bishop Foxes, 199, 203

Bishops Stortford, 109

Blashill, Mr. Thomas, 106

Bo, Bo-tree. Bod, Bog, Boggart, Boivani, Bolay, Boo, Bouders, Boudons,
Boroon, Bormania, Borr, Borvo, Bouljanus, Brog, Bug, Bugbear,
Buggaboo, Buka, 66, 69

Boar, 139-40, 152

Boar's Head, 69, 139

Bodleian Library, 16, 63

Bolton, Bishop, 173

Boston, Lincolnshire, 195, 196, 202, 208

Boutell, Rev. C., 25

Bow and arrow, 162-5

Boy (Bog), 69

Brahma, 178

Brahminic Trinity, 178

Breast, removal of, 165

Bridge, Kent, 75

Bridlington Priory Church, Yorks, 15, 210-1

Bristol, 196, 208

British Museum, 62

Bruno the Bear, 190-3

Buckle Mask, 125

Bull, the, 41-2, 72-3, 85, 88-9, 91, 159

Bur, 45

Byzantine ideas, 127

Byzantium, 35

Caimis, 50

_Calendarum Romanorum Magnum_, 141

Calf, 73

Cama, 50

Cambridge, 10, 92, 133

Cambridgeshire, 74

Candlemas, 42, 140

Canterbury, 139

Canting heraldry, 173

Caricature in part explained, 3

Carpenter, Mr. Edward, 186

Cartmel, 180, 196

Carvers, 9-18

Cat, the, 156, 189, 191, 209

Cat and Fiddle, the, 39-43

Cat-heads, 126

Caxton, 170, 188

Cedranus, 143-4

Centaur, 161-6

Cerealia, 48

Ceres, 72, 153, 158

Cestus, 165

Chairs, 141

Chalons, Council of, 143

Chandra, Chandri, 43

Cherubim, 73, 159, 161

Chester, 60, 77, 103, 207, 210

Chichester, 72, 75, 124, 141, 157, 181, 182, 203

Chiron the Centaur, 162

Chnoumis, 178

Chonso, 177

Christ, 30, 48, 60-62, 104, 114-20

Christchurch (Hants), 21, 33, 172, 184, 202

Christmas, 139-40, 144

_Chronicles, the Book of_, 176

Church symbolism, expediency, etc., 31

Ciaran (St.), 162

Clergy, the, 97, 111

Cneph, 177

Cock, the, 184, 197-8, 202-3

Compound Forms, 37, 111, 157-168

Coney, the, 193, 204-5

Conscience, 170-1

Constantinople, Council of, 30;
Byzantium, 35

Continuous group, 149

Conventional form a matter of development, 3

Corinthian Acanthus, 149-50, 214

Corpus Christi Play, 142-3

_Cosmographiae Universalis_, 172

Cotton MSS., 82, 147

Councils, Arles, 29;
Augsburgh (?), 30;
Constantinople, 30;
Frankfurt, 30, 99;
Narbonne, 30;
Nicea, 30;
Orleans, 29;
Tours, 30;
Nice, 36;
Milan, 36

Coventry, 60, 142

Cow, the, 41

Creators, Mythological, 176-8

Crescent, the, 41, 42

Cripple, 145, 147

Crocodile, 44-5

Crorasura, 153

Cross, the, 43

Crow and his wife, the, 193, 204-5

Croziers, 198, 202

Crusaders, 47

Culham, Berkshire, 125

Cupid, 50, 51, 53-55

Dance, 40, 43, 144, 147

David, King, 62

Decorated Carvings, 214-217

Deer, 140

Definitions of the Grotesque, 5-8

De la Wich, Bishop, 181

Delft, 188

Derbyshire, 130-1

Design, Continuity of Gothic, 4

Detractors, 82-3

Devil and the Vices, the, 78-98

Devil, the, 47, 69, 70, 77, 103-5

Devils, 63, 119

Diana, 32, 40-43, 73

Diapason, the, 41

Dillin pig, the, 154

Disc of the Sun, 167-8

Distaff, 195

Dog, 5, 19, 21, 40, 42, 142, 159-60, 189

Domestic and Popular, the, 134-151

Donnington, Thomas (1520), 174

Dorchester Abbey, Oxon., 60, 64-5, 121-2, 133, 159-60

Dragons, 26, 37, 44-57, 60, 64-66, 84, 127, 165, 177, 211

Drake (dragon), 47

Druidical Tau, 43-4

Drum (Tabor), 97

Durer, Albert, 61

Durham, 155

Eagle, the, 22, 37, 148, 158-9, 202

Early English Carvings, 214

Eastern ideas, 9-10, 34-5

Eden, 73, 76

Edgeware, 102

Edward the Confessor, 9

Edward III., 17

Edward IV., 49

Egypt, 34, 43-45

Egyptians, little record of their humour, 6

Egyptian myth, etc., 34, 41-5, 47-8, 50-6, 157-8, 177-8

Egyptian Trinities, 177-8

Eicton, 177

Elephantine Trinity, 178

Ely, 74, 80-1, 84, 105, 166, 195-6

Equinoxes, the, 175

Eschol, 171

Esculapius, 178

Etchingham, 196

Evans, Mr. E. P., 35, 85

Evil, Images of, 1, 26, 33

Eve, 62, 74

Ewelme, Oxon., Carvings at, 1, 65, 67
(not Dorchester), 76, 127-8, 214

Exeter, 4, 39, 165, 168, 181

Ezekiel, 159

Fable, 186

Fafnir the Dragon, 46

Fairford, 195

Fairies, 66

Falx, the, 57

Farnsham, 65

Fates, the, 178

Fauns, 69

Faversham, Kent, 180, 195, 210

Feast of Fools, the, 143-7

Feathered Angels, 75-7

Fecundity, Goddess of, 66, 72

Fiddle, 40, 41, 153

Figurines as _lares_, 28

Finedon, Northamptonshire, 125

Fire, 178

Fish, 182

Flagellation, 134

Flanders, a church workshop, 9, 15

Flesh hook, 63, 87, 182

Fleur-de-lys, 39, 179

Flora, 158

Fools, 130

Fools, the Feast of, 143-7

Foreign carvers, 9-18

Fox, the, 58-9, 184-212

Fox and Grapes, the, 210

Fox and Stork, the, 210-1

France, 48

Frankfort, Council of, 30, 99

Fredegarius, 197

Freemasonry, 16, 17

French work for Saxons, 9

Frigga, 53

Freyr, 153

Furies, the, 178

Gallows, the, 207-9

Ganges, the, 172

Gargonilles, 46, 129

Gaul, 66

Gaul, Bishops of, 30

Gauri, 43

Gautier de Coinsi, 36

Gayton, Northants, 81, 86, 87

Geese, Reynard's theft of, etc., 191, 195, 198, 203

Gehul, 153

George IV., 17

German "teraphim," 28;
paganism, 30

Germany, Bishops of, 30

Ghent, 188

Gild, continuity the explanation of continuity of design, 4, 35, 196
(_see_ Freemasonry)

Gilds, 70

Glasgow, 65, 66, 77

Gloucester, 195

Gluttony, 88

Goat, the, 69, 71-3, 187

Goethe, 189

Golden Bristle, 153

Gorgon, 127

Gothic ornament, uses of, etc., 2, 3;
some characteristics of, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 19-23, 24-26, 35-39,
49, 54;
not didactic, 24-26;
situations of, 213, 218

Gouda, 188

Graces, the, 178

Gravio, Count, 30

Great Malvern, 172, 209

Grecian Trinity, 177

Greek wit, 6;
star-worship, 28;
myth, 34, 41, 177-8;
art, 36-37;
symbolism 74;
dances, 147

Grimace-makers, 130, 133

Grimbart, the Badger, 189, 191-3

Grimm, 186

Gryphon, 125, 158

Guildford, Surrey, 117-8

Gullinbrusti, 153

Hades, 42, 161

Haenir, 177

Hak, 178

Hampshire, 21, 33, 172

Hanging of the Cat, 209

Hanging of the Fox, 207-8

Hare, the, 106-7, 182, 189, 192, 194, 203

Harleian MSS., 104

Harmachis, 158

Harp, the, 140-1, 153, 154, 155

Harpy, the, 4, 111, 166, 181

Hebrew Teraphim, 28

Hecate, 41, 42

Heliopolis, Trinity of, 178

Hell, 48, 84, 104

Hell's Mouth, 60-63, 103, 196

Hen, the, 195, 203

Henning the Cock, 190

Henry VI., 16, 62

Henry VII.'s Chapel, 10, 91, 95, 148, 156, 173

Henry VIII., 16, 49

Hera, 177

Heraldry, canting, 173

Heraldry and three-fold repetitions, 179

Hercules, 148, 177

Hereford, 195

Herodotus, 28, 50

Hertfordshire, 109

Het-her, 167

Hexagon, symbolic, 179

Hezekiah, 74

Hindoo myth, 28, 42-45, 50, 53, 153, 178

Hinge the Cat, 191

Hippocampus, Lincoln, 26

Hippo-centaurs, 161

Hobgoblins, 66

Hogarth, 20, 21

Holy Cross, Stratford-on-Avon, 60

Holy Trinity, Hull, 139-40

Holderness, 106

Homer, 160

Hone, 180

Hopton, 174

Horace, 157

Horns, 70;
Horn, 73

Horse, the, 162, 139

Horse-leech, 110-1

Horus, 45, 48, 50-56, 57, 72, 177, 178

Hull, 10, 100, 139-40

Humour, of nations, 6, 7;
defined, 20

Hunting, 140

Huntsman, 139

Husterlo, 192

Hypocrisy, 98

Ibis, 167

Iceland, 153

Idun, 76

Iffley, 49, 126, 162, 163

Imagery in Architecture and Language compared, 1-3

Impudence, 109

Indecency in church, 143-7, 150-1

India, 172

Indian mask, 123-4

Indian mythology, East, 66, 69, 178

Indian Trinity, American, 177

Indra, 178

Irenaeus, 73

Irreverence in art explained in part, 8

_Isaiah_, 74

_Isengrinus_, 187

Isis, 41, 42, 45, 50, 177

Islip, Bishop, 173

Italian workers in England, 9, 10, 13

Italy, 41

Italy, Bishops of, 30

Janus, 180

Japanese (crocodile), 45

Jesus College, Cambridge, 92

Joke, the, 6

Jonah, 112-3, 197

Joermungard, 45

Jove (Jupiter), 11

July, 183

Juno, 177

Jupiter, 21, 57, 148, 158, 177, 178, 181

Jurassic reptiles, 145

Keltic dragons, 49

Kent, 75, 180, 182

Khum, 178

King Arthur, 69

King Edward the Confessor, 9

King Edward III., 17

King Edward IV., 49

King George IV., 17

King Henry VI., 16, 62

King Henry VII., 147

King Henry VII. Chapel, 10, 173

King Henry VIII., 16, 49

King's College, Cambridge, 10, 133

Lampe the Hare, 192, 194

Lares, 43

Laughter of nations, 6-7;
defined, 20

Lectern, 202

Leicester, 196

Leland, John, 16

Lemon, 139-40

Leo, 158

Leopard, The, 189

Lincoln Cathedral, 3, 9, 38, 51, 54, 63, 128, 133

Lincolnshire, 11, 174

Lind-drake, 47

Linden worm, 47

Linden tree, 47

Line of Beauty, 20

Lion, 5, 158, 183, 187, 189-90, 210-1, 215

Lioness, The, 193

Little-trust, Lettice, 101

Lodur, 177

Loki, 76, 77

Love, 53

Lubeck, 188

Lucifer, 53, 76

Ludlow, 99, 102, 103

Luna, 41, 43

Lunar calculations of Mosaic system, 176

Lunus, 43

Lydda, 47

Lynn, 11, 174

Macrobius, 32

Magdalen College, Oxford, 195

Magi, Adoration of the, 113-5

Maidstone, 182

Maimonides, the Rabbi, 27

Malepart, 190, 193

Malvern, Great, 172, 209

Manchester, 54, 55, 203-4, 195, 196

Mandragora images, 28

Mann, Mr. Robert, 66

Mant, 177

Mare and foal, the story of, 193

Mars, 21

Marks, sculptors', ignored; an example is on p. 103

Martinmas, 139, 154

Martin the Ape, 192-3

Mary, the Virgin, 34, 42, 82, 83

Masks and Faces, 121-133

Meaux Abbey, Yorkshire, 10

Memphis, Trinity of, 178

Mendes, 72

Mentu, 177

Merchant mark, 174

Mercury, 21, 49, 78, 153, 158, 167

Merenphtah, 178

Mermaid, 160

Messon, 177

Mexican myth, 157

Mice, 40, 43, 209

Michael Angelo, 10, 13

Midsummer Watch, 77

Milan, Council of, 36

Minerva, 21, 74, 177

Miracle Plays, 70

_Mirror of Human Salvation, the_, 113

Misericordes, 24-5, 181, 215, 217

Mithras, 176

Monstrosity, 147

Montflaucon, 197

Moon worship, 32, 40, 43

Morris Dance, 144, 147

Mosaic system, 31;
Ark, 159, 175;
not the original of pagan myth, 175-6

Moses, 62, 74, 175

Mouth of Hell, 60, 63

Mowers, 182

Mumming, 70, 168

Music, 140, 152

Monograms, 12

Mystery Plays, 32, 48, 70, 82, 103, 112, 142-3

Mythic origin of Church carvings, 34-59

Nachasch, 73

Nantwich, Cheshire, 196, 204-5, 208

Narbonne, the Council of, 30

Nebhetp, 178

Nefer-Atum, 178

Neptune, 21, 178

Nerites, 50

Nessus the Centaur, 162

New College, Oxford, 58-9, 81, 84-5, 98, 106, 149

Nice, 36

Nicea, the Council of, 30

_Nicodemus, the Gospel of_, 60

Nile, the River, 45, 71, 158

Nilus, 45, 158;
St. Nilus, _see_ Saints

Nobodies, 171

Non-descripts, 169-172

Norfolk, 48, 75, 195

Norman carvings, 49, 125, 127, 129, 163, 211, 213;
fonts 15

North Stoke, 119

Northamptonshire, 14, 22, 81, 84, 86-7, 101, 125

Norwich, 48, 75, 195

Notch-heads, 124-5

Nouvel the Lion, 189

_Numbers, the Book of_, 176

Nuns, 106-7

Nursery Rhymes, 39

Oak, the, 148, 181

Odin, 45, 53, 69, 177

Opas, 177

Orleans, the Council of, 143

Ornament, the use of Gothic, 2

Oromasdes, 176

Orus (_see_ Horus), 50, 72

Osiris, 41, 45, 50, 57, 158, 177

Otkon, 177

Ox, 71, 73, 160

Oxford, 58, 59, 71, 76, 81, 84, 85, 97, 104-6, 149, 151, 195

Oxfordshire, 49, 60, 64-5, 67, 105, 121-2, 133, 159

Paganism, ingrained among nations, 27

Pallas, 177

Palmer Fox, 58

Pan, 21, 72-3, 105

Pantheism, 32

Panther, the, 159

Paris, Paulin, 197

Parody, a characteristic of Greek wit, 7

Patala, 42

Pastoral staves, 49

Pausanius, 44

Pegasus, 162

Pepin, 30

Percy Shrine, 3

Perpendicular Ornament, 217

Persephone, 41

Perseus, 46, 57

Persian Trinity, 176

Peterborough, 195

Philaean Trinity, 176

_Philippians, the Epistle to the_, 196

Phipson, Miss, 14, 109, and preface

Phyrric Dance, the, 147

_Picture Bible, the_, 113, 197

Pig and Whistle, 155, 156

Pig, and other Animal Musicians, the, 110, 152-6

Piggy-widdy, 154

_Pilgremage of the Sowle, the_, 170

Pipes, Double, 155

Planet symbols, 28

Plato, 28

Plutarch, 41

Pluteresques, 218

Pluto, 42, 177-8

_Poor Man's Bible, the_, 113, 197

Poppy, Assyrian, 182

Pottery, 35

Preaching Fox, the, 184, 196-204

Priapus, 73

Prideaux, Bishop, 30

Priest sleeping, 106, 110-1

Prosperine, 32, 41-2, 177

Protevan, 82

Psyche, 176

Pta, 177-8

Pulpits, 184, 197-8, 201

Puranas, 43

Python, the, 46

Ra, 168, 177

Rabbi Maimonides, 27

Rahu, 44

Ram, the, 72, 187, 192

Ram Bellin, 192-3

Ram's Head, 19

Ram, the Hindoo deity, 28

Rebuses, 12, 173-4

Recording Imps, 78-9, 81, 84-5, 103

Red Sea, the, 50

_Reinche Bos_, 188

_Renart le Contrefet_, 188

_Reynard the Fox_, 184

_Reynard the Fox, the most delectable history of_, 188

Ripon, 5, 112-3, 124, 136-7, 155, 171, 195-8, 211

Rochester, 127

Rogation, 48

_Roman de Renart_, 188

Roman Trinity, 177

Roman, Wit bitter and low, 6-7;
myth, 42-3

Roman work for Saxons, 9

Roscommon, the Poet, 157

Roslyn Chapel, 128-9

Rostock, 188

Rothwell, Northants, 84

Sabean Idolatry, 28

Sackville the Poet, 63

Sacred Marks, 103 (block), 179

Saehrimnir, 153

Sagittarius, 162-5

Saints--Adrian, 99
Anthony, 154
Augustine, 31
Bartholomew's, Smithfield, 173
Bernard of Clairvaux, 23, 27, 36-7
Britius, 81
Ciaran, 162
Cross, Hospital of, Winchester, 100
George, 47-8, 57
George's Chapel, Windsor, 10, 167, 195-6, 203
Gertrude, 43
Helen's, Abingdon, 218
John, 49, 118
Katherine's, Regent's Park, 78, 81, 83, 86, 169
Keyne, 46
Lucy, 134-5
Luke, 73
Martha, 46
Michael, 47, 76
Martin's, Leicester, 196
Martin, 81
Mary's, Beverley, 123 (_see_ Beverley)
Mary's, Faversham, 180
Mary's Minster, Thanet, 97, 122-3, 130-1, 195
Nessan, 162
Nicholas's, Lynn, 11-2, 174
Nicholas, 179
Nilus, 36
Paul's, Bedford, 175
Paul's, London, 32, 109
Peter's-in-the-East, Oxford, 126
Romain, 46

Salus, 178

Sambar, 50

Samson, 198

Sani, 53

Satan, 48, 62, 70, 104-6, 170

Satanic Representations, 64-77, 78-105

Sathanus, 170

Satire, 185

Satires without Satan, 106-11

Satyrs, 69

Saturn, 21, 57

Saturnalia, 143

Saxon work, 9

Scandinavian mythology, 45, 76, 153, 157;
Trinity, 177

Scarabaeus, 178

Scriptural Illustrations, 112-120

Scylla, 160

Scythes, 182

Sea-horse (hippocampus), 26

Seals, 8, and end of Index

September, 140, 154

Seraphim, 74

Serapis, 42

Serpent, the, 44-5, 60-1, 73-5, 77

Sex of the Moon, 43

Sheep, 72, 142

Shell, 50-1, 54-5, 57-9, 159

Shell Child, the, 50-9, 159

Shepherd, 72, 142

Sherborne, 134-5, 208

Shiva, 66

Sigurd, 46

Sin series of carvings, 78-111

Sirius, 42

Sismondi, 31

Sistrum, 41, 43

Situations of Church Grotesques, 213-8

Siva, 178

Slanderers, 82

Sledges, 63

Smu, 50

Snail, 57-8

Solomon, King, 62

Sources of material for Gothic grotesques, General, 4

Southleigh, 63

_Speculum Humanae Salvationis_, 113

Sperke, John (1520), 174

Spinx, the, 158-9

Springs, 66

SS., the letter, and Collar of, 57

Stanford, Berkshire, 18

Star Worship, 27-8

Stars and Stripes, 179

Statute of Labourers, 17

Stoeffler, 141

Stowlangcroft, 196

Stratford-on-Avon, 60, 129

Suffolk, Duchess of (ob. 1475), 76

Sun, 167

Sun Feast, 153

Sun Worship, 32, 37, 42, 44-59, 71, 153, 158, 162, 175, 210-1

Superstition, Horn, 73

Supreme Intellect, the, 74

Surya, 53, 178

Sutton Courtney, 128-9

_Sutton-in-Holderness_, 106

Swan, 167

Swar, 42

Swathing of Infants, 114

Swarhanu, 53

Sweden, 153

Swine, Yorkshire, 106-7, 109, 129-30

Symbolism and Fable, 186

Symbols of worship a general source of Gothic ornament, 4, 27

Syderesys, 170

Syria, 47

Tabor (drum), 97

Tarasque, 46

Tau Cross, the, 34, 43-4

Taurus, 73

Telephorus, 178

Teraphim, 28

Teutonic appreciation of humour, 7

Thanet, Isle of, 97, 122, 130-1, 195

Theban Trinity, 177

Theophylact, 143

Thirlwall, 33

Thoth, 78, 167

Three, the number, 162 (_see_ Trinities)

Three branched rod, 103 (block), 162, 181-2

Time, Father, 57

Titian, 42

Topsey-turveyism, 149

Torregiano, 10

Tree of Knowledge, the, 74

Trefoil, the, 162, 178-9

_Trial of Mary and Joseph_, 82

Trigla, 180

Trinities, 168, 175-183

Tufton Street Architectural Museum, 12

Tum, the Setting Sun, 178

Typhon, 44-57, 64-5

Unseen Witness, the, 79, 85, 86, 87

Vali, 114

Vanity, 97

Vedie Trinity, 178

Venus, 21, 53, 111, 148

Veximiel, 62

Virgil, the, 160-1

Virgin Mary, the, 30, 42, 82-3

Virgo, 158

Vishnu, 53, 153, 178

Vulcan, 148, 177

Wall paintings compared with carvings, 114-117, 119-20

Wake Knot, 207-8

Wellingborough, 14, 15, 22, 34, 101, 195, 215

Wells, 65, 77, 150

Westminster Abbey, 9, 10, 91-95, 97, 109-110, 123-4, 156, 173

Wheelbarrows, 135-7, 196

Whistling Maid, the, 104-5

Whistling while drawing ale, 105

White, Wm. (1520), 173-4

Wich, Bishop de la, 124, 181

Winchester, 64, 100, 111, 145, 154, 166, 195

Windsor, 10, 167, 195, 203, 208

Winking Nun, the, 106-7

Wolf, the, 187, 189, 192;
story of the wolf's head, 187

Wolfius, 196

Worcester, 113-5, 142, 160, 161, 182-3, 203

Worm of conscience, the, 170

Wright, Thomas, 197

Wyvern, the, 47

York, 63, 65, 77, 129-30, 140, 148

Yorkshire, 10, 63, 65, 77, 106-7, 109, 127 (_see_ Beverley)

Yule, 153

Zeus, 177

Zither, 166

Zodiac, 45, 53

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Early in the thirteenth century unruly converts of the Abbey of Meaux, Yorkshire, were, to humble their pride, made stonemasons, etc.

[2] Of Christ, the Virgin, and saints only. It is here quoted as evidence of a tendency. It is plain that the council protected itself, for the following distich is attributed to it, which sums up the original intent of all images--

"Id Deus est, quod Imago docet, sed non deus ipse;
Hanc Videas, sed mente colas; quod cemis in ipse."

which Prideaux, Bishop of Worcester, translates (1681):

"A God the Image represents,
But is no God in kind;
That's the eye's object, what it shews
The object of the mind."

[3] Yet the Hindoo signification of Typhon is "the power of destruction by heat." In this we have another piece of evidence that both the good and the bad of the fable are referrable to the sun as his varying attributes, and probably describe his particular effects at various portions of the zodiacal year. The true, or rather the close, meaning of the various accounts is obscured and confused; firstly, by imperfect knowledge as to the geographical situations where the idea of the zodiac was conceived and developed; secondly, by the gradual precession of the Equinoxes during the ages which have elapsed since such conception.

[4] Mr. Robert Mann.

[5] "Sutton-in-Holderness."

[6] Roscommon.

[7] Hone.

[8] The Church Treasury, by William Andrews, 1898, p. 193.

Transcriber's Notes:

Passages in italics are indicated by _italics_.

The original text includes Greek characters. For this text version these letters have been replaced with transliterations.

The original text contains a hieroglyph. This is noted in this text as [symbol].